treatments-xml/data/03/B0/F9/03B0F9574437C107BDC6F8FEFCD7FC7E.xml

<document id="2A241D9C18CC9B8E0A470843D0530068" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4168.1.8" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4168.1.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e77b5af4-42ad-448f-b915-a01853df6349" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="261625" ID-ZooBank="C4A37ED0-54C8-4279-8C8F-4CE71B85703B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1473836728627" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Serrano, Paula Carolina &amp; Digiani, María Celina" docDate="2016" docId="03B0F9574437C107BDC6F8FEFCD7FC7E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4168.1.8.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4168 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ischilinema baldoi Serrano &amp; Digiani, 2016, gen. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="157" masterDocId="FF89812F4436C101BD51FFAFFFC7FF92" masterDocTitle="First record of Viannaiidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylina) in fossorial rodents (Ctenomys spp.) from Central Argentina, with description of a new genus and species" masterLastPageNumber="160" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="152" updateTime="1698385562023" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="BAA3A44DE3F679176AE997B6DAC9D16F">First record of Viannaiidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylina) in fossorial rodents (Ctenomys spp.) from Central Argentina, with description of a new genus and species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="083972ED0C2C412FAFA1050A61E30BC9">Serrano, Paula Carolina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D0A7A304736D29DC3C2C696884EA598C">Digiani, María Celina</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03B0F9574437C107BDC6F8FEFCD7FC7E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6073699" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124551608" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6073699" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0F9574437C107BDC6F8FEFCD7FC7E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B0F9574437C107BDC6F8FEFCD7FC7E" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="157" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">
<subSubSection id="C3031BCA4437C100BDC6F8FEFEE7F81E" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA648414437C100BDC6F8FEFDDCF8F9" blockId="1.[151,539,1873,1933]" box="[151,539,1873,1899]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">
<heading id="D0EEFF2D4437C100BDC6F8FEFDDCF8F9" bold="true" box="[151,539,1873,1899]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B96D94534437C100BDC6F8FEFDDCF8F9" bold="true" box="[151,539,1873,1899]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24437C100BDC6F8FEFEBEF8F9" box="[151,377,1873,1899]" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" genus="Ischilinema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="baldoi" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96D94534437C100BDC6F8FEFEBEF8F9" bold="true" box="[151,377,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Ischilinema baldoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25E29284437C100BCD1F8FEFE15F8F9" box="[384,466,1873,1899]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
sp. n.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA648414437C100BDC6F8DBFEE7F81E" blockId="1.[151,539,1873,1933]" box="[151,288,1908,1933]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">
(
<figureCitation id="132254C44437C100BDCEF8DBFED0F81E" box="[159,279,1908,1933]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStart-1="FIGURES 11 – 14" captionStartId-0="3.[151,264,1876,1899]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,264,1602,1625]" captionTargetBox-0="[223,1346,195,1834]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1423,201,1573]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[214,1356,195,1834]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1581]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 10. Ischilinema baldoi gen. n. sp. n. 1, female, anterior extremity, right lateral view. 2, female, head, apical view. 3 – 11, synlophe in transverse sections of the body: 3, 4, at oesophago-intestinal junction, 3, male, 4, female; 5 – 6, at mid-body, 5, male, 6, female; 7 – 10, within distal third of body length, 7, male at 500 µ before caudal bursa, 8, female at 500 µ from posterior extremity, 9, male at beginning of spicules, 10, male, at 100 µ before caudal bursa. Abbreviations: R, right, V, ventral. All sections oriented as in Figure 3." captionText-1="FIGURES 11 – 14. Ischilinema baldoi gen. n. sp. n. 11 – 12, male, caudal bursa, 11, bursa spread out, ventral view, 12, bursa folded, left lateral view, right branch of dorsal ray omitted. 13, male, spicules in situ, showing spicular alae. 14, female, posterior extremity, left lateral view. Abbreviations: 2 r- 8 r, right rays 2 to 8; 2 l- 8 l: left rays 2 to 8." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/261626/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/261627/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Figs. 1–14</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3031BCA4437C103BDC6F813FEB9F92F" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA648414437C103BDC6F813FA42FF46" blockId="1.[151,1436,1980,2005]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="B96D94534437C100BDC6F813FEEEF847" bold="true" box="[151,297,1980,2005]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B96D94534437C100BC67F813FE55F847" box="[310,402,1980,2005]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">General</emphasis>
: Small nematodes, mostly uncoiled. Excretory pore situated slightly before or behind oesophago-intestinal junction in males (84–106% of oesophagus length), more proximally in females (mostly within 71–93% of oesophagus length). Deirids minute, hardly visible, situated at level of excretory pore (
<figureCitation id="132254C44434C103B863FF13FAB3FF46" box="[1330,1396,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1876,1899]" captionTargetBox="[223,1346,195,1834]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[214,1356,195,1834]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Ischilinema baldoi gen. n. sp. n. 1, female, anterior extremity, right lateral view. 2, female, head, apical view. 3 – 11, synlophe in transverse sections of the body: 3, 4, at oesophago-intestinal junction, 3, male, 4, female; 5 – 6, at mid-body, 5, male, 6, female; 7 – 10, within distal third of body length, 7, male at 500 µ before caudal bursa, 8, female at 500 µ from posterior extremity, 9, male at beginning of spicules, 10, male, at 100 µ before caudal bursa. Abbreviations: R, right, V, ventral. All sections oriented as in Figure 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261626/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA648414434C103BD96FF70FBF1FE8E" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B96D94534434C103BD96FF70FECAFF6A" box="[199,269,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Head:</emphasis>
Cephalic vesicle present. In apical view, triangular buccal opening with rounded corners, surrounded by thick ring. Six externo-labial and four submedian cephalic papillae visible (
<figureCitation id="132254C44434C103BEB2FEABFBEEFE8E" box="[995,1065,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1876,1899]" captionTargetBox="[223,1346,195,1834]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[214,1356,195,1834]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Ischilinema baldoi gen. n. sp. n. 1, female, anterior extremity, right lateral view. 2, female, head, apical view. 3 – 11, synlophe in transverse sections of the body: 3, 4, at oesophago-intestinal junction, 3, male, 4, female; 5 – 6, at mid-body, 5, male, 6, female; 7 – 10, within distal third of body length, 7, male at 500 µ before caudal bursa, 8, female at 500 µ from posterior extremity, 9, male at beginning of spicules, 10, male, at 100 µ before caudal bursa. Abbreviations: R, right, V, ventral. All sections oriented as in Figure 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261626/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA648414434C103BD96FE88FBFCFD3A" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B96D94534434C103BD96FE88FEF0FED2" box="[199,311,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Synlophe:</emphasis>
(studied in 
<specimenCount id="9D1F83C84434C103BCEEFE87FDD1FED2" box="[447,534,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="9D1F83C84434C103BF1EFE87FD06FED2" box="[591,705,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
). In both sexes cuticle bearing longitudinal, uninterrupted ridges appearing posterior to cephalic vesicle. Number of ridges at oesophago-intestinal junction: 
<quantity id="4CE1E5A44434C103B9DEFEE3FB00FEF7" box="[1167,1223,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.556" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" unit="in" value="14.0">14 in</quantity>
male, 
<quantity id="4CE1E5A44434C103B840FEE3FA8DFEF7" box="[1297,1354,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" unit="in" value="15.0">15 in</quantity>
female (
<figureCitation id="132254C44434C103BDCEFEC0FEC8FE1A" box="[159,271,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1876,1899]" captionTargetBox="[223,1346,195,1834]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[214,1356,195,1834]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Ischilinema baldoi gen. n. sp. n. 1, female, anterior extremity, right lateral view. 2, female, head, apical view. 3 – 11, synlophe in transverse sections of the body: 3, 4, at oesophago-intestinal junction, 3, male, 4, female; 5 – 6, at mid-body, 5, male, 6, female; 7 – 10, within distal third of body length, 7, male at 500 µ before caudal bursa, 8, female at 500 µ from posterior extremity, 9, male at beginning of spicules, 10, male, at 100 µ before caudal bursa. Abbreviations: R, right, V, ventral. All sections oriented as in Figure 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261626/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Figs. 3, 4</figureCitation>
); at mid-body and posterior third of body: 
<quantity id="4CE1E5A44434C103BFAFFEC0FCA4FE1A" box="[766,867,367,392]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.683" metricValueMax="3.81" metricValueMin="3.556" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" unit="in" value="14.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="14.0">14–15 in</quantity>
male, 
<quantity id="4CE1E5A44434C103BEE3FEC0FC2AFE1A" box="[946,1005,367,392]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" unit="in" value="15.0">15 in</quantity>
female (
<figureCitation id="132254C44434C103B902FEC0FB05FE1A" box="[1107,1218,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1876,1899]" captionTargetBox="[223,1346,195,1834]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[214,1356,195,1834]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Ischilinema baldoi gen. n. sp. n. 1, female, anterior extremity, right lateral view. 2, female, head, apical view. 3 – 11, synlophe in transverse sections of the body: 3, 4, at oesophago-intestinal junction, 3, male, 4, female; 5 – 6, at mid-body, 5, male, 6, female; 7 – 10, within distal third of body length, 7, male at 500 µ before caudal bursa, 8, female at 500 µ from posterior extremity, 9, male at beginning of spicules, 10, male, at 100 µ before caudal bursa. Abbreviations: R, right, V, ventral. All sections oriented as in Figure 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261626/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Figs. 5, 6</figureCitation>
). Size of ridges: at mid-body, ridges small, subequal, with those on left-ventral quadrant slightly larger, gradient in ridge size absent. Ridges with cuticular struts, oriented from right-ventral to left-dorsal quadrant. Axis of orientation of ridges single, inclined at about 65–70° in both sexes, determining two groups of 7–8 dorsal ridges and 7 ventral ones. On left side, presence of a cuticular dilatation supported by 3–4 ridges, cuticle between ridges 1’ and 2’ reinforced. Ridges almost equidistant, except distance between ridges 1’ and 2’, larger (
<figureCitation id="132254C44434C103BECAFD8BFBCFFDAF" box="[923,1032,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1876,1899]" captionTargetBox="[223,1346,195,1834]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[214,1356,195,1834]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Ischilinema baldoi gen. n. sp. n. 1, female, anterior extremity, right lateral view. 2, female, head, apical view. 3 – 11, synlophe in transverse sections of the body: 3, 4, at oesophago-intestinal junction, 3, male, 4, female; 5 – 6, at mid-body, 5, male, 6, female; 7 – 10, within distal third of body length, 7, male at 500 µ before caudal bursa, 8, female at 500 µ from posterior extremity, 9, male at beginning of spicules, 10, male, at 100 µ before caudal bursa. Abbreviations: R, right, V, ventral. All sections oriented as in Figure 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261626/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Figs. 5, 6</figureCitation>
). Within distal third of body: ridges small and subequal in size, mostly perpendicular to body surface; left dilatation supported by 5 ridges. Ridges supporting dilatation more spaced to each other than the other ridges (
<figureCitation id="132254C44434C103BE92FDC3FB95FD16" box="[963,1106,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1876,1899]" captionTargetBox="[223,1346,195,1834]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[214,1356,195,1834]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Ischilinema baldoi gen. n. sp. n. 1, female, anterior extremity, right lateral view. 2, female, head, apical view. 3 – 11, synlophe in transverse sections of the body: 3, 4, at oesophago-intestinal junction, 3, male, 4, female; 5 – 6, at mid-body, 5, male, 6, female; 7 – 10, within distal third of body length, 7, male at 500 µ before caudal bursa, 8, female at 500 µ from posterior extremity, 9, male at beginning of spicules, 10, male, at 100 µ before caudal bursa. Abbreviations: R, right, V, ventral. All sections oriented as in Figure 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261626/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Figs. 7, 8, 9</figureCitation>
). Disappearance of ridges at about 
<quantity id="4CE1E5A44434C103BD8DFD3FFEFEFD35" box="[220,313,656,680]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
before caudal bursa in males (
<figureCitation id="132254C44434C103BFDEFD20FD25FD3A" box="[655,738,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1876,1899]" captionTargetBox="[223,1346,195,1834]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[214,1356,195,1834]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Ischilinema baldoi gen. n. sp. n. 1, female, anterior extremity, right lateral view. 2, female, head, apical view. 3 – 11, synlophe in transverse sections of the body: 3, 4, at oesophago-intestinal junction, 3, male, 4, female; 5 – 6, at mid-body, 5, male, 6, female; 7 – 10, within distal third of body length, 7, male at 500 µ before caudal bursa, 8, female at 500 µ from posterior extremity, 9, male at beginning of spicules, 10, male, at 100 µ before caudal bursa. Abbreviations: R, right, V, ventral. All sections oriented as in Figure 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261626/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
), at ovejector level in females.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA648414434C103BD96FD1BFDCAFCAA" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B96D94534434C103BD96FD1BFECCFD5F" box="[199,267,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Males</emphasis>
(n= 19 except where indicated) (
<typeStatus id="54A2F6E34434C103BFD3FD1BFD21FD5E" box="[642,742,692,716]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
from 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24434C103BE7AFD1AFC1CFD5F" box="[811,987,692,717]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bergi">
<emphasis id="B96D94534434C103BE7AFD1AFC1CFD5F" box="[811,987,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Ctenomys bergi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): 2.00–2.95 (2.54) mm long and 50–90 (66) wide at mid-body. Cephalic vesicle 28–45 (36) long and 18–28 (22) wide. Nerve ring, excretory pore and deirids situated at 100–150 (128) (n=11), 215–260 (234) (n=5) and 240–255 (248) (n=2) from apex, respectively. Oesophagus 220–260 (238) long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA648414434C103BD96FCEBFEADFA9F" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
Caudal bursa asymmetrical. Right lobe more developed than left one (
<figureCitation id="132254C44434C103BE8AFCEBFBEAFCCE" box="[987,1069,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1602,1625]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,201,1573]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1581]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 14. Ischilinema baldoi gen. n. sp. n. 11 – 12, male, caudal bursa, 11, bursa spread out, ventral view, 12, bursa folded, left lateral view, right branch of dorsal ray omitted. 13, male, spicules in situ, showing spicular alae. 14, female, posterior extremity, left lateral view. Abbreviations: 2 r- 8 r, right rays 2 to 8; 2 l- 8 l: left rays 2 to 8." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261627/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). Right lobe with pattern of 
<typeStatus id="54A2F6E34434C103B83DFCEAFA5BFCCF" box="[1388,1436,837,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">type</typeStatus>
1–4, with right ray 2 arising first from the common trunk of rays 2–6. Ray 3 thicker and longer than ray 2, both supporting ventral margin of lobe. Common trunk of rays 4–6 long, rays 6 diverging first, rays 4 and 5 apposed up to extremities (
<figureCitation id="132254C44434C103BC13FC00FE0BFC5A" box="[322,460,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1602,1625]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,201,1573]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1581]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 14. Ischilinema baldoi gen. n. sp. n. 11 – 12, male, caudal bursa, 11, bursa spread out, ventral view, 12, bursa folded, left lateral view, right branch of dorsal ray omitted. 13, male, spicules in situ, showing spicular alae. 14, female, posterior extremity, left lateral view. Abbreviations: 2 r- 8 r, right rays 2 to 8; 2 l- 8 l: left rays 2 to 8." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261627/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Figs. 11, 12</figureCitation>
). Left lobe with atypical pattern of 
<typeStatus id="54A2F6E34434C103BE30FC1FFC56FC5A" box="[865,913,944,968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">type</typeStatus>
1-1-3, with rays 2 and 3 of similar size, short and arising separately on the common trunk of rays 2–6. Thick common trunk of rays 4–6, supporting left-dorsal angle of the bursa. Left rays 4–6 small, diverging distally from common trunk (
<figureCitation id="132254C44434C103B97CFC58FB7EFB82" box="[1069,1209,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1602,1625]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,201,1573]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1581]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 14. Ischilinema baldoi gen. n. sp. n. 11 – 12, male, caudal bursa, 11, bursa spread out, ventral view, 12, bursa folded, left lateral view, right branch of dorsal ray omitted. 13, male, spicules in situ, showing spicular alae. 14, female, posterior extremity, left lateral view. Abbreviations: 2 r- 8 r, right rays 2 to 8; 2 l- 8 l: left rays 2 to 8." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261627/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Figs. 11, 12</figureCitation>
). Dorsal lobe short. Dorsal ray thick and displaced towards right lobe. Branches of dorsal ray dissymmetrical, well separated, arising just posterior to arising of rays 8, left branch arising proximally. Each branch divided into two sub-branches, bearing papillae 9 (external) and 10 (internal). Rays 8 of similar length, arising dissymmetrically from dorsal ray, left ray 8 arising proximally. Both rays 8 reaching bursal margin (
<figureCitation id="132254C44434C103BEDDFB28FC27FB32" box="[908,992,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1602,1625]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,201,1573]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1581]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 14. Ischilinema baldoi gen. n. sp. n. 11 – 12, male, caudal bursa, 11, bursa spread out, ventral view, 12, bursa folded, left lateral view, right branch of dorsal ray omitted. 13, male, spicules in situ, showing spicular alae. 14, female, posterior extremity, left lateral view. Abbreviations: 2 r- 8 r, right rays 2 to 8; 2 l- 8 l: left rays 2 to 8." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261627/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). Spicules subequal, alate, not twisted, 215–320 (268) long, ending each in a rounded tip, enclosed in a membrane. SpL/BL 9.2–12.2 (10.6)%. Spicular alae visible (
<figureCitation id="132254C44434C103BC76FB60FEBDFB7A" box="[295,378,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1602,1625]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,201,1573]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1581]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 14. Ischilinema baldoi gen. n. sp. n. 11 – 12, male, caudal bursa, 11, bursa spread out, ventral view, 12, bursa folded, left lateral view, right branch of dorsal ray omitted. 13, male, spicules in situ, showing spicular alae. 14, female, posterior extremity, left lateral view. Abbreviations: 2 r- 8 r, right rays 2 to 8; 2 l- 8 l: left rays 2 to 8." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261627/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
). Gubernaculum not observed. Genital cone inconspicuous, not measured, papillae on genital cone not observed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA648414434C103BD96FAB8FD72F99A" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B96D94534434C103BD96FAB8FEE1FAA2" box="[199,294,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Females</emphasis>
(n= 10 except where indicated) (
<typeStatus id="54A2F6E34434C103BFCCFAB7FCC6FAA2" box="[669,769,1304,1328]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
from 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24434C103BE17FAB7FC30FAA2" box="[838,1015,1303,1328]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bergi">
<emphasis id="B96D94534434C103BE17FAB7FC30FAA2" box="[838,1015,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Ctenomys bergi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): 2.66–4.15 (3.59) mm long and 70– 100 (84) wide at mid-body. Cephalic vesicle 22–46 (38) long and 20–40 (24) wide. Nerve ring, excretory pore and deirids situated at 100–140 (118), 200–266 (219) (n=4) and 243 (n=1) from apex, respectively. Oesophagus 200– 275 (234) long. Monodelphic. Vulva situated at 58–80 (66) from caudal extremity (n=8). Vagina vera 9–12 (11) long (n=7), vestibule 50–85 (67) (n=8), sphincter 20–27 (24) long and 23–37 (30) wide, infundibulum 75–120 (92). Uterus 650–1240 (965) long, containing 10–16 (14) eggs, 55–75 long and 32–42 wide. UtL/BL 20.2–31.6% (26.5%). Tail conical, 25–45 (33) long (
<figureCitation id="132254C44434C103BF04FA40FD6FF99A" box="[597,680,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1602,1625]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,201,1573]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1581]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 14. Ischilinema baldoi gen. n. sp. n. 11 – 12, male, caudal bursa, 11, bursa spread out, ventral view, 12, bursa folded, left lateral view, right branch of dorsal ray omitted. 13, male, spicules in situ, showing spicular alae. 14, female, posterior extremity, left lateral view. Abbreviations: 2 r- 8 r, right rays 2 to 8; 2 l- 8 l: left rays 2 to 8." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261627/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA648414434C103BD96F9BBFA83F9BF" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1348,1556,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B96D94534434C103BD96F9BBFE83F9BF" bold="true" box="[199,324,1556,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Type-host.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24434C103BC1AF9BAFD66F9BE" authority="Thomas, 1902" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" box="[331,673,1556,1581]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bergi">
<emphasis id="B96D94534434C103BC1AF9BAFE3DF9BF" box="[331,506,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Ctenomys bergi</emphasis>
Thomas, 1902
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24434C103BFE1F9BBFC19F9BF" authority="Hystricomorpha" authorityName="Hystricomorpha" box="[688,990,1556,1581]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Rodentia, Hystricomorpha</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24434C103BEB8F9BBFB44F9BF" box="[1001,1155,1556,1581]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ctenomyidae</taxonomicName>
), MZUC 
<date id="FFA76E814434C103B9BCF9BBFAD5F9BE" box="[1261,1298,1556,1580]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="2000-01">I00</date>
436.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA648414434C103BD96F998FE92F9E7" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
<materialsCitation id="3B71421C4434C103BD96F998FE92F9E7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1308231838" country="Argentina" county="Departamento Ischilin" latitude="-30.156597" location="Las Toscas" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-64.92673" municipality="Salinas Grandes" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cordoba">
<emphasis id="B96D94534434C103BD96F998FEAFF9C2" bold="true" box="[199,360,1591,1616]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Type-locality.</emphasis>
<location id="8EC61E9A4434C103BC24F996FE3DF9C2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0F9574437C107BDC6F8FEFCD7FC7E:8EC61E9A4434C103BC24F996FE3DF9C2" box="[373,506,1593,1616]" country="Argentina" county="Departamento Ischilin" latitude="-30.156597" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-64.92673" municipality="Salinas Grandes" name="Las Toscas" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" stateProvince="Cordoba">Las Toscas</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC2D23B4434C103BF5AF998FD0DF9C2" box="[523,714,1591,1616]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Salinas Grandes</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCounty id="62C730CD4434C103BF8DF996FC18F9C2" box="[732,991,1591,1616]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Departamento Ischilín</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49DD86A34434C103BEA1F998FB94F9C2" box="[1008,1107,1591,1616]" country="Argentina" name="Cordoba" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Córdoba</collectingRegion>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24434C103B937F998FB12F9C2" box="[1126,1237,1591,1616]" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" genus="Viannella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="2" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="argentina">
<collectingCountry id="F30E08D14434C103B937F998FB12F9C2" box="[1126,1237,1591,1616]" name="Argentina" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Argentina</collectingCountry>
</taxonomicName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE2D2E864434C103B9BBF998FA4BF9C2" box="[1258,1420,1591,1616]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" precision="1" value="-30.156597">30°09'23.75&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
– 
<geoCoordinate id="EE2D2E864434C103BDC6F9F3FE8FF9E7" box="[151,328,1628,1653]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" precision="1" value="-64.92673">64°55'36.24&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA648414434C103BD96F9D0FEB9F92F" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B96D94534434C103BD96F9D0FD46F90A" bold="true" box="[199,641,1663,1688]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Prevalence and intensity of infection.</emphasis>
2 out of 3 hosts examined (P=66.6%) were parasitized with 218 and 8 worms, respectively.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3031BCA4434C103BD96F968FED4F8BA" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA648414434C103BD96F968FC08F972" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,975,1735,1761]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B96D94534434C103BD96F968FEB2F972" bold="true" box="[199,373,1735,1760]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Type material.</emphasis>
29 syntypes (19 males, 10 females) MLP-He 3504-1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA648414434C103BD96F943FED4F8BA" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B96D94534434C103BD96F943FE28F897" bold="true" box="[199,495,1772,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Other material studied.</emphasis>
1 male, 1 female MLP-He 3503-1 (same host species and locality, host not deposited).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3031BCA4434C103BD96F89BFBA9F84F" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA648414434C103BD96F89BFEC6F8E2" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B96D94534434C103BD96F89BFE89F8DF" bold="true" box="[199,334,1844,1869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Etymology.</emphasis>
the species is dedicated to Mgr. Jorge Baldo (VICAM -CONICET) who captured and identified the hosts.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA648414434C103BD96F8D3FBA9F84F" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
<materialsCitation id="3B71421C4434C103BD96F8D3FBA9F84F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1308231837" country="Argentina" latitude="-30.930927" location="Xanaes River" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-62.698174" municipality="Departamento San Justo" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cordoba">
<emphasis id="B96D94534434C103BD96F8D3FDE4F807" bold="true" box="[199,547,1916,1941]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Other hosts and or localities.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24434C103BF7AF8D2FBD1F807" authority="Contreras, 1995" authorityName="Contreras" authorityYear="1995" box="[555,1046,1916,1941]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rosendopascuali">
<emphasis id="B96D94534434C103BF7AF8D2FC9DF807" box="[555,858,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Ctenomys rosendopascuali</emphasis>
Contreras, 1995
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24434C103B977F8D3FB57F807" box="[1062,1168,1916,1941]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Rodentia</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24434C103B9CDF8D3FAF0F807" box="[1180,1335,1916,1941]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ctenomyidae</taxonomicName>
). 
<location id="8EC61E9A4434C103B81BF8D2FF12F82B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0F9574437C107BDC6F8FEFCD7FC7E:8EC61E9A4434C103B81BF8D2FF12F82B" country="Argentina" latitude="-30.930927" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-62.698174" municipality="Departamento San Justo" name="Xanaes River" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" stateProvince="Cordoba">Xanaes River</location>
mouth, Mar Chiquita (
<geoCoordinate id="EE2D2E864434C103BF40F80FFD68F82B" box="[529,687,1952,1977]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" precision="1" value="-30.95442">30°57'15.91&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
– 
<geoCoordinate id="EE2D2E864434C103BFEEF80FFCB4F82B" box="[703,883,1952,1977]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" precision="1" value="-62.729057">62°43'44.60&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), and lands of Milanesio family, Miramar (
<geoCoordinate id="EE2D2E864434C103BDCEF86BFE86F84F" box="[159,321,1988,2013]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" precision="1" value="-30.930927">30°55'51.34&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
– 
<geoCoordinate id="EE2D2E864434C103BC00F86BFDC6F84F" box="[337,513,1988,2013]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" precision="1" value="-62.698174">62°41'53.42&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), both in 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC2D23B4434C103BF3BF86AFCBAF84E" box="[618,893,1988,2012]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Departamento San Justo</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49DD86A34434C103BED9F86BFC2CF84F" box="[904,1003,1988,2013]" country="Argentina" name="Cordoba" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Córdoba</collectingRegion>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24434C103BEA6F86BFBADF84F" box="[1015,1130,1988,2013]" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" genus="Viannella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="2" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="argentina">
<collectingCountry id="F30E08D14434C103BEA6F86BFBADF84F" box="[1015,1130,1988,2013]" name="Argentina" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Argentina</collectingCountry>
</taxonomicName>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF6618C94435C102BDC6F8FBFE1EF877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261626/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" targetBox="[223,1346,195,1834]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BA648414435C102BDC6F8FBFE1EF877" blockId="3.[151,1436,1876,2021]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="B96D94534435C102BDC6F8FBFE81F8F8" bold="true" box="[151,326,1876,1899]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">FIGURES 1–10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24435C102BC1DF8FBFDCDF8F8" box="[332,522,1876,1898]" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" genus="Ischilinema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="baldoi" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96D94534435C102BC1DF8FBFDCDF8F8" box="[332,522,1876,1898]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Ischilinema baldoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B96D94534435C102BF5EF8FAFD53F8F8" bold="true" box="[527,660,1877,1898]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25E29284435C102BF5EF8FAFD91F8F8" box="[527,598,1877,1898]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
sp. n.
</emphasis>
1, female, anterior extremity, right lateral view. 2, female, head, apical view. 3–11, synlophe in transverse sections of the body: 3, 4, at oesophago-intestinal junction, 3, male, 4, female; 5–6, at mid-body, 5, male, 6, female; 7–10, within distal third of body length, 7, male at 500 µ before caudal bursa, 8, female at 500 µ from posterior extremity, 9, male at beginning of spicules, 10, male, at 100 µ before caudal bursa. Abbreviations: R, right, V, ventral. All sections oriented as in Figure 3.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6618C94432C105BDC6F9EDFBADF904" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261627/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" targetBox="[151,1423,201,1573]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BA648414432C105BDC6F9EDFBADF904" blockId="4.[151,1436,1602,1686]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B96D94534432C105BDC6F9EDFE93F9C5" bold="true" box="[151,340,1602,1625]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">FIGURES 11–14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24432C105BC0DF9EDFDDCF9CA" box="[348,539,1602,1624]" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" genus="Ischilinema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="baldoi" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96D94534432C105BC0DF9EDFDDCF9CA" box="[348,539,1602,1624]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Ischilinema baldoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B96D94534432C105BF72F9ECFD69F9CA" bold="true" box="[547,686,1603,1624]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25E29284432C105BF72F9ECFDACF9CA" box="[547,619,1603,1624]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
sp. n.
</emphasis>
11–12, male, caudal bursa, 11, bursa spread out, ventral view, 12, bursa folded, left lateral view, right branch of dorsal ray omitted. 13, male, spicules in situ, showing spicular alae. 14, female, posterior extremity, left lateral view. Abbreviations: 2r-8r, right rays 2 to 8; 2l-8l: left rays 2 to 8.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3031BCA4432C105BD96F96DFDB4F8B1" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA648414432C105BD96F96DFCC6F949" blockId="4.[151,1437,1730,2006]" box="[199,769,1730,1755]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B96D94534432C105BD96F96DFF3CF949" bold="true" box="[199,251,1730,1755]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Site.</emphasis>
Small intestine, secondarily in large intestine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA648414432C105BD96F949FDB4F8B1" blockId="4.[151,1437,1730,2006]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B96D94534432C105BD96F949FD41F96D" bold="true" box="[199,646,1766,1791]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Prevalence and intensity of infection.</emphasis>
3 out of 7 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24432C105BE59F948FC24F96D" box="[776,995,1766,1791]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rosendopascuali">
<emphasis id="B96D94534432C105BE59F948FC24F96D" box="[776,995,1766,1791]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">C. rosendopascuali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
examined (P=42.8%) were parasitized with 3–65 (MI=26.6) worms, respectively.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3031BCA4432C105BD96F881FB90F8F9" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA648414432C105BD96F881FB90F8F9" blockId="4.[151,1437,1730,2006]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B96D94534432C105BD96F881FE76F8D5" bold="true" box="[199,433,1838,1863]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Material deposited.</emphasis>
1 male, 2 females MLP-He 3498-1 (host MZUC 
<accessionNumber id="944AD5A24432C105BEBFF880FB85F8D5" box="[1006,1090,1839,1863]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/I00430" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" type="EnaNcbi">I00430</accessionNumber>
), 1 male, 11 females MLP-He 3501 (host MZUC I00434), 18 males, 47 females MLP-He 3505 (host not deposited).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3031BCA4432C104BD96F8D9FCDEFE5C" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA648414432C105BD96F8D9FA5AF844" blockId="4.[151,1437,1730,2006]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B96D94534432C105BD96F8D9FBAFF81D" bold="true" box="[199,1128,1910,1935]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
Measurements of 10 (except where indicated) males from 
<emphasis id="B96D94534432C105BED2F8D9FBAFF81D" bold="true" box="[899,1128,1910,1935]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24432C105BED2F8D9FBA3F81D" box="[899,1124,1910,1935]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rosendopascuali">C. rosendopascuali</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
1.80–2.50 (2.16) mm long and 55–70 (59) wide at mid-body. Cephalic vesicle 26–45 (36) long and 20–35 (26) wide. Nerve ring, excretory pore and deirids situated at 100–140 (124), 170–250 (206) (n=7) and 210–250 (229) (n=4) from apex, respectively.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA648414433C104BDC6FF38FB5CFF46" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Oesophagus 200–240 (218) long. Spicules 230–262 (248) long, SpL/BL 10.4–13.9 (11.5)%. Gubernaculum not observed. Genital cone inconspicuous, not measured, papillae on genital cone not observed.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA648414433C104BD9CFF70FCDEFE5C" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="B96D94534433C104BD9CFF70FBB6FF6A" bold="true" box="[205,1137,223,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
Measurements of 18 (except where indicated) females from 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24433C104BEDFFF70FBADFF6A" box="[910,1130,223,248]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rosendopascuali">
<emphasis id="B96D94534433C104BEDFFF70FBADFF6A" bold="true" box="[910,1130,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">C. rosendopascuali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
2.35–3.35 (2.79) mm long and 60–80 (68) wide at mid-body. Cephalic vesicle 30–40 (37) long and 20–33 (26) wide. Nerve ring, excretory pore and deirids situated at 90–145 (114) (n=11), 163–200 (178) (n=7) and 166–200 (180) (n=4) from apex, respectively. Oesophagus 210–240 (226) long (n=11). Vulva situated at 48–57 (54) from caudal extremity (n=10). Vagina vera 7–12 (9) long (n=8), vestibule 50–80 (61) (n=8), sphincter 20–30 (26) long and 25–40 (30) wide (n=9), infundibulum 70–110 (84) (n=7). Uterus 540–860 (689) long, containing 7–17 (13) eggs, 60–85 long and 30–45 wide. UtL/BL 18.3–31.6% (24.5%).Tail 20–30 (24) long.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3031BCA4433C107BD96FE76FCD7FC7E" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="157" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA648414433C104BD96FE76FC8DFC82" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="B96D94534433C104BD96FE76FE16FE60" bold="true" box="[199,465,473,498]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
The presence of a cephalic vesicle and a synlophe with an axis of orientation not bilaterally symmetrical, places these specimens into the superfamily Heligmosomoidea, as redefined by Durette- 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8835B04433C104BDC6FD8DFEFFFDAB" author="Desset" box="[151,312,545,569]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" refString="Durette-Desset, M. - C. (1983) Keys to genera of the Superfamily Trichostrongyloidea. N ° 10. In: Anderson, R. S. &amp; Chabaud, A. G. (Eds.), CIH Keys to the Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Fairham Royal, Bucks, pp. 1 - 68." type="book chapter" year="1983">Desset (1983)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8835B04433C104BC2BFD8DFCC9FDAB" author="Durette-Desset" box="[378,782,545,570]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" refString="Durette-Desset, M. - C. &amp; Chabaud, A. G. (1993) Nomenclature des Strongylida au-dessus du groupe famille. Annales de Parasitologie humaine et comparee, 68, 111 - 112." type="journal article" year="1993">Durette-Desset &amp; Chabaud (1993)</bibRefCitation>
, which is composed of six families. Among these, the 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24433C104BDC6FDEBFEBBFDCF" box="[151,380,580,605]" class="Secernentea" family="Herpetostrongylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strongylida" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Herpetostrongylidae</taxonomicName>
and the 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24433C104BC8DFDEBFDA0FDCF" box="[476,615,580,605]" class="Secernentea" family="Nicollinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Nicollinidae</taxonomicName>
are readily excluded: both families are characterized morphologically by having well developed buccal capsules and lips; in addition both have fairly restricted host and geographical distributions: saurians, monotremes and marsupials in the Australasian region (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8835B04433C104B945FD22FAC6FD37" author="Durette-Desset" box="[1044,1281,652,677]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" refString="Durette-Desset, M. - C. (1985) Trichostrongyloid nematodes and their vertebrate hosts: reconstruction of the phylogeny of a parasitic group. Advances in Parasitology, 24, 239 - 306. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0065 - 308 X (08) 60564 - 3" type="journal article" year="1985">Durette-Desset 1985</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8835B04433C104B85CFD23FF30FD5A" author="Beveridge" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" refString="Beveridge, I., Spratt, D. &amp; Durette-Desset, M. - C. (2013) Order Strongylida (Railliet &amp; Henry, 1913). In: Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. (Ed.), Handbook of Zoology. A Natural History of the Phyla of the Animal Kingdom. 2. Nematoda. De Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 557 - 612. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1515 / 9783110274257.557" type="book chapter" year="2013">
Beveridge 
<emphasis id="B96D94534433C104B8D9FD22FF73FD5A" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
). The lack of a spine on the female tail, and the axis of orientation of the ridges oblique and directed from the right-ventral to the left-dorsal quadrant, allow readily excluding the families 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24433C104B9F0FD7CFAA7FD7E" box="[1185,1376,723,748]" class="Secernentea" family="Heligmosomidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Heligmosomidae</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24433C104BDC6FD58FEBBFC82" box="[151,380,759,784]" class="Secernentea" family="Ornithostrongylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strongylida" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Ornithostrongylidae</taxonomicName>
, respectively (see 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8835B04433C104BF18FD58FCF9FC82" author="Beveridge" box="[585,830,759,784]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" refString="Beveridge, I., Spratt, D. &amp; Durette-Desset, M. - C. (2013) Order Strongylida (Railliet &amp; Henry, 1913). In: Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. (Ed.), Handbook of Zoology. A Natural History of the Phyla of the Animal Kingdom. 2. Nematoda. De Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 557 - 612. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1515 / 9783110274257.557" type="book chapter" year="2013">
Beveridge 
<emphasis id="B96D94534433C104BF92FD57FD33FC82" box="[707,756,759,784]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA648414433C104BD96FCB4FC40FBBC" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
The other two families of Heligmosomoidea, i.e. 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24433C104BFA6FCB4FC75FCA6" box="[759,946,795,820]" class="Secernentea" family="Heligmonellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Heligmonellidae</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24433C104BEBBFCB4FBB4FCA6" box="[1002,1139,795,820]" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Viannaiidae</taxonomicName>
, are both well represented in South American Hystricognathi rodents (or Caviomorpha). The 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24433C104BEE5FC91FBA8FCC5" box="[948,1135,830,855]" class="Secernentea" family="Heligmonellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Heligmonellidae</taxonomicName>
parasitic in caviomorphs belong to two subfamilies, the 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24433C104BF58FCCDFD03FCE9" box="[521,708,866,891]" class="Secernentea" family="Heligmonellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Heligmonellinae">Heligmonellinae</taxonomicName>
and the Pudicinae. The 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24433C104BEBBFCCDFB62FCE9" box="[1002,1189,866,891]" class="Secernentea" family="Heligmonellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Heligmonellinae">Heligmonellinae</taxonomicName>
are characterized by synlophes with the left ridge and the right ridge (the single ridges situated just opposite to the lateral cords) distinct and well developed, whereas the Pudicinae possess either a well developed careen (left cuticular dilatation supported by two hypertrophied ridges) or comaretes (large ridges derived from the fusion of two or more ridges) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8835B04433C104BDCFFC5EFE63FB98" author="Beveridge" box="[158,420,1009,1034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" refString="Beveridge, I., Spratt, D. &amp; Durette-Desset, M. - C. (2013) Order Strongylida (Railliet &amp; Henry, 1913). In: Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. (Ed.), Handbook of Zoology. A Natural History of the Phyla of the Animal Kingdom. 2. Nematoda. De Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 557 - 612. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1515 / 9783110274257.557" type="book chapter" year="2013">
Beveridge 
<emphasis id="B96D94534433C104BC4EFC5DFE93FB98" box="[287,340,1009,1034]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
). The specimens studied here clearly lack these characters and show ridges which are subequal in size, preventing their inclusion in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24433C104BF94FBBAFC44FBBC" box="[709,899,1045,1070]" class="Secernentea" family="Heligmonellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Heligmonellidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA648414433C104BD96FB96FB3DFAE2" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
The last family of Heligmosomoidea, the 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24433C104BFCFFB96FCE0FBC0" box="[670,807,1081,1106]" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Viannaiidae</taxonomicName>
, is at present composed of seven genera, three of which are parasitic in marsupials and four in caviomorph rodents: 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24433C104BE15FBF3FBB6FBE7" authority="Travassos, 1918" authorityName="Travassos" authorityYear="1918" box="[836,1137,1116,1141]" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" genus="Viannella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96D94534433C104BE15FBF3FC68FBE7" box="[836,943,1116,1141]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Viannella</emphasis>
Travassos, 1918
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24433C104B92FFBF3FF15FB0B" authority="Freitas &amp; Lent, 1934" authorityName="Freitas &amp; Lent" authorityYear="1934" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" genus="Avellaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96D94534433C104B92FFBF3FB22FBE7" box="[1150,1253,1116,1141]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Avellaria</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8835B04433C104B9BFFBF3FF15FB0B" author="Freitas" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" refString="Freitas, J. F. T. &amp; Lent, H. (1934) Novo nematodeo da sub-familia Heligmosominae Travassos, 1914, parasito de Agouti paca (L.): Avellaria avellari n. g., n. sp. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 28, 577 - 583. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0074 - 02761934000400003" type="journal article" year="1934">Freitas &amp; Lent, 1934</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24433C104BDB5FB2FFDD8FB0B" authority="Arantes" authorityName="Arantes" box="[228,543,1152,1177]" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" genus="Hydrochoerisnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96D94534433C104BDB5FB2FFE7DFB0B" box="[228,442,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Hydrochoerisnema</emphasis>
Arantes
</taxonomicName>
&amp; 
<collectingRegion id="49DD86A34433C104BF00FB2FFD61FB0B" box="[593,678,1152,1177]" country="Uruguay" name="Artigas" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Artigas</collectingRegion>
, 1980 and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24433C104BE64FB2FFB64FB0B" authority="Travassos, 1927" authorityName="Travassos" authorityYear="1927" box="[821,1187,1152,1177]" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" genus="Oswaldonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96D94534433C104BE64FB2FFC12FB0B" box="[821,981,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Oswaldonema</emphasis>
Travassos, 1927
</taxonomicName>
. The main character grouping the 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24433C104BC7DFB0BFE75FB2F" box="[300,434,1188,1213]" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Viannaiidae</taxonomicName>
of caviomorphs is the synlophe, which combines ridges subequal in size, an oblique axis of orientation and ridges absent on the lateral sides (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8835B04433C104BE5BFB67FC3EFB72" author="Durette-Desset" box="[778,1017,1224,1248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" refString="Durette-Desset, M. - C. (1971) Essai de classification des Nematodes Heligmosomes. Correlation avec la paleobiogeographie des hotes. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, nouvelle serie, Serie A (Zoologie), 49, 1 - 126." type="journal article" year="1971">Durette-Desset 1971</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8835B04433C104B95BFB67FB82FB72" author="Durette-Desset" box="[1034,1093,1224,1248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" refString="Durette-Desset, M. - C. (1983) Keys to genera of the Superfamily Trichostrongyloidea. N ° 10. In: Anderson, R. S. &amp; Chabaud, A. G. (Eds.), CIH Keys to the Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Fairham Royal, Bucks, pp. 1 - 68." type="book chapter" year="1983">1983</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8835B04433C104B904FB68FA9EFB72" author="Beveridge" box="[1109,1369,1223,1248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" refString="Beveridge, I., Spratt, D. &amp; Durette-Desset, M. - C. (2013) Order Strongylida (Railliet &amp; Henry, 1913). In: Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. (Ed.), Handbook of Zoology. A Natural History of the Phyla of the Animal Kingdom. 2. Nematoda. De Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 557 - 612. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1515 / 9783110274257.557" type="book chapter" year="2013">
Beveridge 
<emphasis id="B96D94534433C104B985FB66FACDFB72" box="[1236,1290,1223,1248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
). The synlophe of the present specimens partly conform to this pattern, by having at mid-body an axis of orientation inclined at about 65–70° to the sagittal axis, and a distinct gap free of ridges on the left side, between ridges 1’ and 2’. In view of this, we have opted to include these specimens in the family 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24433C104B951FA9CFB4EFADE" box="[1024,1161,1331,1356]" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Viannaiidae</taxonomicName>
, though some particular characters of the synlophe and caudal bursa do not allow their inclusion in any of the known genera.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA648414433C104BD96FAD5FB2AF91F" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
The genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24433C104BC12FAD5FE69FA01" box="[323,430,1402,1427]" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" genus="Viannella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96D94534433C104BC12FAD5FE69FA01" box="[323,430,1402,1427]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Viannella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comprises eight species described from five families of caviomorphs and a primate from 
<collectingCountry id="F30E08D14433C104BDC6FA31FF1CFA25" box="[151,219,1438,1463]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Brazil</collectingCountry>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24433C104BC42FA31FE40FA25" box="[275,391,1438,1463]" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" genus="Viannella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="argentina">
<collectingCountry id="F30E08D14433C104BC42FA31FE40FA25" box="[275,391,1438,1463]" name="Argentina" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Argentina</collectingCountry>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24433C104BCC0FA31FC9DFA25" authority="Travassos, 1914" authorityName="Travassos" authorityYear="1914" box="[401,858,1438,1463]" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" genus="Viannella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hydrochoeri">
<emphasis id="B96D94534433C104BCC0FA31FD4CFA25" box="[401,651,1438,1463]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Viannella hydrochoeri</emphasis>
(Travassos, 1914)
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="54A2F6E34433C104BE38FA30FC5CFA25" box="[873,923,1439,1463]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">type</typeStatus>
species), 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24433C104B95AFA31FE85FA48" authority="Freitas, Lent &amp; Almeida, 1937" authorityName="Freitas, Lent &amp; Almeida" authorityYear="1937" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" genus="Viannella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="argentina">
<emphasis id="B96D94534433C104B95AFA31FB2EFA24" box="[1035,1257,1438,1463]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Viannella argentina</emphasis>
Freitas, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8835B04433C104B81DFA30FE85FA48" author="Lent" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" refString="Freitas, J. F. T. &amp; Lent, H. (1937) Sur deux genres de Heligmosominae (Nematoda: Strongyloidea). Annais da Academia Brasileira de Sciencias, 9, 41 - 47." type="journal article" year="1937">Lent &amp; Almeida, 1937</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24433C104BC1FFA6DFC91FA49" authority="Lent &amp; Freitas, 1936" authorityName="Lent &amp; Freitas" authorityYear="1936" box="[334,854,1474,1499]" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" genus="Viannella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brevispicula">
<emphasis id="B96D94534433C104BC1FFA6DFD8CFA49" box="[334,587,1474,1499]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Viannella brevispicula</emphasis>
(Lent &amp; Freitas, 1936)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24433C104BE32FA6DFB2DFA48" authority="Travassos, 1921" authorityName="Travassos" authorityYear="1921" box="[867,1258,1474,1499]" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" genus="Viannella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="dubia">
<emphasis id="B96D94534433C104BE32FA6DFBD1FA49" box="[867,1046,1474,1499]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Viannella dubia</emphasis>
(Travassos, 1921)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24433C104B9A6FA6DFE4BFA6D" authority="Durette-Desset, 1968" authorityName="Durette-Desset" authorityYear="1968" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" genus="Viannella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="lenti">
<emphasis id="B96D94534433C104B9A6FA6DFA5BFA49" box="[1271,1436,1474,1499]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Viannella lenti</emphasis>
Durette-Desset, 1968
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24433C104BCCDFA49FCE3FA6D" authority="Pinto, 1935" authorityName="Pinto" authorityYear="1935" box="[412,804,1510,1535]" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" genus="Viannella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="travassossi">
<emphasis id="B96D94534433C104BCCDFA49FD57FA6C" box="[412,656,1510,1535]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Viannella travassossi</emphasis>
Pinto, 1935
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24433C104BE65FA49FEDBF9B0" authority="Durette-Desset, Goncalves &amp; Pinto, 2006" authorityName="Durette-Desset, Goncalves &amp; Pinto" authorityYear="2006" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" genus="Viannella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="trichospicula">
<emphasis id="B96D94534433C104BE65FA49FBF9FA6D" box="[820,1086,1510,1535]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Viannella trichospicula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8835B04433C104B91BFA48FEDBF9B0" author="Durette-Desset" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" refString="Durette-Desset, M. - C., Goncalves, A. Q. &amp; Pinto, R. M. (2006) Trichostrongylina (Nematoda, Heligmosomoidea) coparasites in Dasyprocta fuliginosa (Rodentia, Dasyproctidae) from Brazil with the re-establishment of the genus Avellaria Freitas and Lent and the description of two new species. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 23, 509 - 519. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81752006000200026" type="journal article" year="2006">Durette-Desset, Gonçalves &amp; Pinto, 2006</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24433C104BC06F9A6FD1DF9B0" authority="Goodey, 1925" authorityName="Goodey" authorityYear="1925" box="[343,730,1545,1570]" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" genus="Viannella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="viscaciae">
<emphasis id="B96D94534433C104BC06F9A6FDF5F9B3" box="[343,562,1545,1570]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Viannella viscaciae</emphasis>
Goodey, 1925
</taxonomicName>
. All these species differ from our specimens mainly by having subsymmetrical bursae with well developed dorsal lobes, spicules short and twisted, and synlophes (known only in 5 species) with ridges in two distinct groups (dorsal and ventral or right-dorsal and left-ventral), more or less separated by left and right gaps (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8835B04433C104BF55F9DAFD70F91F" author="Travassos" box="[516,695,1653,1677]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" refString="Travassos, L. (1937) Revisao da familia Trichostrongylidae Leiper, 1912. Monographias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 1, 1 - 512." type="journal article" year="1937">Travassos 1937</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8835B04433C104BF93F9DAFC6CF91F" author="Durette-Desset" box="[706,939,1653,1677]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" refString="Durette-Desset, M. - C. (1971) Essai de classification des Nematodes Heligmosomes. Correlation avec la paleobiogeographie des hotes. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, nouvelle serie, Serie A (Zoologie), 49, 1 - 126." type="journal article" year="1971">Durette-Desset 1971</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8835B04433C104BEE6F9DAFB26F91F" author="Durette-Desset" box="[951,1249,1652,1677]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" refString="Durette-Desset, M. - C., Goncalves, A. Q. &amp; Pinto, R. M. (2006) Trichostrongylina (Nematoda, Heligmosomoidea) coparasites in Dasyprocta fuliginosa (Rodentia, Dasyproctidae) from Brazil with the re-establishment of the genus Avellaria Freitas and Lent and the description of two new species. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 23, 509 - 519. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81752006000200026" type="journal article" year="2006">
Durette-Desset 
<emphasis id="B96D94534433C104B934F9D9FB59F91F" box="[1125,1182,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA648414433C104BD96F937FEE1F8F6" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
The genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24433C104BC1BF937FE76F923" box="[330,433,1688,1713]" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" genus="Avellaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96D94534433C104BC1BF937FE76F923" box="[330,433,1688,1713]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Avellaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is composed of two species described from 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24433C104BE92F937FB8DF923" box="[963,1098,1688,1713]" class="Mammalia" family="Cuniculidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cuniculidae</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24433C104B9D8F937FAECF923" box="[1161,1323,1688,1713]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyproctidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Dasyproctidae</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectingCountry id="F30E08D14433C104B806F937FA5BF923" box="[1367,1436,1688,1713]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8835B04433C104BDCFF913FE56F947" author="Freitas" box="[158,401,1724,1749]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" refString="Freitas, J. F. T. &amp; Lent, H. (1934) Novo nematodeo da sub-familia Heligmosominae Travassos, 1914, parasito de Agouti paca (L.): Avellaria avellari n. g., n. sp. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 28, 577 - 583. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0074 - 02761934000400003" type="journal article" year="1934">Freitas &amp; Lent 1934</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8835B04433C104BCCEF912FD11F947" author="Durette-Desset" box="[415,726,1724,1749]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" refString="Durette-Desset, M. - C., Goncalves, A. Q. &amp; Pinto, R. M. (2006) Trichostrongylina (Nematoda, Heligmosomoidea) coparasites in Dasyprocta fuliginosa (Rodentia, Dasyproctidae) from Brazil with the re-establishment of the genus Avellaria Freitas and Lent and the description of two new species. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 23, 509 - 519. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81752006000200026" type="journal article" year="2006">
Durette-Desset 
<emphasis id="B96D94534433C104BF03F912FD41F947" box="[594,646,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">et al</emphasis>
. 2006
</bibRefCitation>
). They share with our specimens relatively long spicules not twisted, but with synlophes with ridges separated into two distinct groups, like some species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24433C104B9A6F970FAA5F96A" box="[1271,1378,1759,1784]" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" genus="Viannella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96D94534433C104B9A6F970FAA5F96A" box="[1271,1378,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Viannella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and subsymmetrical bursae with the dorsal lobe reduced. In addition, species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24433C104BEA4F8ACFB9DF88E" box="[1013,1114,1795,1820]" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" genus="Avellaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96D94534433C104BEA4F8ACFB9DF88E" box="[1013,1114,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Avellaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are characterized by having didelphic females (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8835B04433C104BC27F887FD75F8D2" author="Durette-Desset" box="[374,690,1831,1856]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" refString="Durette-Desset, M. - C., Goncalves, A. Q. &amp; Pinto, R. M. (2006) Trichostrongylina (Nematoda, Heligmosomoidea) coparasites in Dasyprocta fuliginosa (Rodentia, Dasyproctidae) from Brazil with the re-establishment of the genus Avellaria Freitas and Lent and the description of two new species. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 23, 509 - 519. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81752006000200026" type="journal article" year="2006">
Durette-Desset 
<emphasis id="B96D94534433C104BF7DF887FDA4F8D2" box="[556,611,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">et al</emphasis>
. 2006
</bibRefCitation>
), a character which separates them clearly from the specimens studied here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA648414433C107BD96F8C1FD6CFE8E" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2035]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,1004]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="157" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
The monotypic 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24433C104BCD7F8C1FC40F815" authority="Arantes" authorityName="Arantes" box="[390,903,1902,1927]" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" genus="Hydrochoerisnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="anomalobursata">
<emphasis id="B96D94534433C104BCD7F8C1FCE5F815" box="[390,802,1902,1927]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Hydrochoerisnema anomalobursata</emphasis>
Arantes
</taxonomicName>
&amp; 
<collectingRegion id="49DD86A34433C104BEE8F8C1FBC9F815" box="[953,1038,1902,1927]" country="Uruguay" name="Artigas" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Artigas</collectingRegion>
, 1980 is a parasite of capybaras 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24433C104BDC6F83DFE13F839" box="[151,468,1938,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Caviidae" genus="Hydrochoerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hydrochaeris">
<emphasis id="B96D94534433C104BDC6F83DFE13F839" box="[151,468,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) (
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24433C104BF48F83DFD44F839" box="[537,643,1938,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Caviidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Caviidae</taxonomicName>
). It is characterized by a bursa with the left lobe strongly chitinized, with rays 3 to 6 appearing as fused, and a synlophe with dorsal and ventral ridges in two distinct groups, separated in the female by two lateral cuticular thickenings without ridges, and in the male only by two lateral gaps (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8835B04433C107B812F875FE8BFF22" author="Arantes" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="157" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" refString="Arantes, I. G. &amp; Artigas, P. T. (1983) Hydrochoerisnema anomalobursata Arantes &amp; Artigas, 1980 (Nematoda; Trichostrongyloidea) parasito de capivara (Hydrochoerus hydrochoeris hydrochoeris) Linnaeus, 1766. Estabelecimento de nova subfamilia: Hydrochoerisnematinae. Arquivos do Instituto de Biologia de Sao Paulo, 50, 39 - 49." type="journal article" year="1983">
Arantes &amp; 
<collectingRegion id="49DD86A34430C107BDE4FF38FEC0FF22" box="[181,263,151,176]" country="Uruguay" name="Artigas" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Artigas</collectingRegion>
1983
</bibRefCitation>
). These differences in the bursa and the synlophe allow the differentiation of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24430C107B990FF36FA5BFF22" box="[1217,1436,151,176]" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" genus="Hydrochoerisnema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="anomalobursata">
<emphasis id="B96D94534430C107B990FF36FA5BFF22" box="[1217,1436,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">H. anomalobursata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the present specimens. The erection of the subfamily Hydrochoerisnematinae to accommodate this single taxon (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8835B04430C107BDB7FF4FFE39FF6A" author="Arantes" box="[230,510,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" refString="Arantes, I. G. &amp; Artigas, P. T. (1983) Hydrochoerisnema anomalobursata Arantes &amp; Artigas, 1980 (Nematoda; Trichostrongyloidea) parasito de capivara (Hydrochoerus hydrochoeris hydrochoeris) Linnaeus, 1766. Estabelecimento de nova subfamilia: Hydrochoerisnematinae. Arquivos do Instituto de Biologia de Sao Paulo, 50, 39 - 49." type="journal article" year="1983">
Arantes &amp; 
<collectingRegion id="49DD86A34430C107BC38FF70FE7BFF6A" box="[361,444,223,248]" country="Uruguay" name="Artigas" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Artigas</collectingRegion>
1983
</bibRefCitation>
) seems poorly justified and was contested by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8835B04430C107B949FF70FAE1FF6A" box="[1048,1318,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" refString="Beveridge, I., Spratt, D. &amp; Durette-Desset, M. - C. (2013) Order Strongylida (Railliet &amp; Henry, 1913). In: Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. (Ed.), Handbook of Zoology. A Natural History of the Phyla of the Animal Kingdom. 2. Nematoda. De Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 557 - 612. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1515 / 9783110274257.557" type="book chapter">
Beveridge 
<emphasis id="B96D94534430C107B9C5FF4FFB00FF6A" box="[1172,1223,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">et al</emphasis>
. (2013)
</bibRefCitation>
, who also questioned the taxonomic validity of the genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA648414430C107BD96FE89FA52FCED" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
The genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24430C107BC14FE89FE21FEAD" box="[325,486,294,319]" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" genus="Oswaldonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96D94534430C107BC14FE89FE21FEAD" box="[325,486,294,319]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Oswaldonema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24430C107BF41FE89FC1BFEAD" authority="Freitas &amp; Lent, 1937" authorityName="Freitas &amp; Lent" authorityYear="1937" box="[528,988,294,319]" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" genus="Heligmoskrjabinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96D94534430C107BF41FE89FD25FEAD" box="[528,738,294,319]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Heligmoskrjabinia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8835B04430C107BFBAFE89FC1BFEAD" author="Freitas" box="[747,988,294,319]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" refString="Freitas, J. F. T. &amp; Lent, H. (1937) Sur deux genres de Heligmosominae (Nematoda: Strongyloidea). Annais da Academia Brasileira de Sciencias, 9, 41 - 47." type="journal article" year="1937">Freitas &amp; Lent, 1937</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) is at present composed of two closely related species, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24430C107BC00FEE5FD3FFEF1" authority="Travassos, 1927" authorityName="Travassos" authorityYear="1927" box="[337,760,330,355]" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" genus="Oswaldonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cruzi">
<emphasis id="B96D94534430C107BC00FEE5FDF3FEF1" box="[337,564,330,355]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Oswaldonema cruzi</emphasis>
Travassos, 1927
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24430C107BE67FEE5FA9DFEF1" authority="Freitas &amp; Lent, 1937" authorityName="Freitas &amp; Lent" authorityYear="1937" box="[822,1370,330,355]" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" genus="Oswaldonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="skrjabini">
<emphasis id="B96D94534430C107BE67FEE5FB81FEF1" box="[822,1094,330,355]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Oswaldonema skrjabini</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8835B04430C107B909FEE5FA95FEF1" author="Freitas" box="[1112,1362,330,355]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" refString="Freitas, J. F. T. &amp; Lent, H. (1937) Sur deux genres de Heligmosominae (Nematoda: Strongyloidea). Annais da Academia Brasileira de Sciencias, 9, 41 - 47." type="journal article" year="1937">Freitas &amp; Lent, 1937</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, both coparasitic in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24430C107BC6CFEC1FE36FE15" box="[317,497,366,391]" class="Mammalia" family="Cuniculidae" genus="Cuniculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paca">
<emphasis id="B96D94534430C107BC6CFEC1FE36FE15" box="[317,497,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Cuniculus paca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) (
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24430C107BF68FEC1FD03FE15" box="[569,708,366,391]" class="Mammalia" family="Cuniculidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cuniculidae</taxonomicName>
) from 
<collectingCountry id="F30E08D14430C107BE48FEC1FCA6FE15" box="[793,865,366,391]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. Both species share a strong asymmetry of their caudal bursae, involving the lateral lobes, the rays 8 and the dorsal lobe. In both species the right ray 8 appears hypertrophied and displaced to the right whereas the left ray 8 is associated with the left trunk of rays 3–6 rather than with the dorsal lobe. The dorsal lobe, which emerges from the right ray 8, is atypically composed of three branches, all three forked at different levels and bearing papillae whose homologies with papillae 9, 10 and phasmids are not clear. In addition, in both species the pattern on the right lobe is of 
<typeStatus id="54A2F6E34430C107B901FD8CFB47FDA9" box="[1104,1152,547,571]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">type</typeStatus>
3–2; that on the left lobe being more variable, but with the characteristic of the left ray 8 incorporated into the common trunk of rays 3–6 (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8835B04430C107BDCFFDC4FE91FD11" author="Travassos" box="[158,342,619,643]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" refString="Travassos, L. (1937) Revisao da familia Trichostrongylidae Leiper, 1912. Monographias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 1, 1 - 512." type="journal article" year="1937">Travassos 1937</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8835B04430C107BC37FDC4FD9CFD11" author="Freitas" box="[358,603,619,644]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" refString="Freitas, J. F. T. &amp; Lent, H. (1937) Sur deux genres de Heligmosominae (Nematoda: Strongyloidea). Annais da Academia Brasileira de Sciencias, 9, 41 - 47." type="journal article" year="1937">Freitas &amp; Lent 1937</bibRefCitation>
). The asymmetry of the bursa of our specimens, involving mainly the elements of the dorsal lobe, evokes the species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24430C107BE4BFD21FC7DFD35" box="[794,954,654,679]" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" genus="Oswaldonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96D94534430C107BE4BFD21FC7DFD35" box="[794,954,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Oswaldonema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however in these latter the dissimilar development of both rays 8 and the arising and position of the dorsal ray are significant differences with respect to these specimens. The pattern of the lateral lobes is also different, with a predominant pattern of 
<typeStatus id="54A2F6E34430C107B9B8FD77FADEFD62" box="[1257,1305,728,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">type</typeStatus>
3–2 on the right lobe in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24430C107BC7CFD54FE0AFC86" box="[301,461,763,788]" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" genus="Oswaldonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96D94534430C107BC7CFD54FE0AFC86" box="[301,461,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Oswaldonema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. 
<emphasis id="B96D94534430C107BF5CFD53FD93FC81" box="[525,596,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">versus</emphasis>
a pattern of 
<typeStatus id="54A2F6E34430C107BFBAFD53FCDCFC86" box="[747,795,764,788]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">type</typeStatus>
<quantity id="4CE1E5A44430C107BE75FD54FCAAFC86" box="[804,877,763,788]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="10.16" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" unit="in" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 in</quantity>
these specimens. Concerning the synlophe, only that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24430C107BDBDFCB0FEB2FCA5" box="[236,373,798,823]" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" genus="Oswaldonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="skrjabini">
<emphasis id="B96D94534430C107BDBDFCB0FEB2FCA5" box="[236,373,798,823]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">O. skrjabini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known: it shows 9 unequal ridges: three right-dorsal, five mid-ventral, plus one isolated, minute ridge, situated on the left, just above the left lateral field (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8835B04430C107BE20FCECFB7AFCC9" author="Durette-Desset" box="[881,1213,835,860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" refString="Durette-Desset, M. - C. &amp; Pinto, R. M. (1977) Nouvelles donnees morphologiques sur des Nematodes Trichostrongyloides des collections de l'Institut Oswaldo Cruz. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 3 eme Serie, 469 (Zoologie), 326, 755 - 764." type="journal article" year="1977">Durette-Desset &amp; Pinto 1977</bibRefCitation>
). We consider these differences in the bursa and the synlophe enough for separating our specimens also from species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24430C107B9BFFCC9FA49FCED" box="[1262,1422,870,895]" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" genus="Oswaldonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96D94534430C107B9BFFCC9FA49FCED" box="[1262,1422,870,895]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Oswaldonema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA648414430C107BD96FC24FCD7FC7E" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
The difficulty of assigning these specimens to any of the known genera of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24430C107B95DFC24FB55FC36" box="[1036,1170,907,932]" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Viannaiidae</taxonomicName>
requires the erection of a new genus. We propose for the new taxon the name of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24430C107BE75FC01FC31FC55" box="[804,1014,942,967]" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" genus="Ischilinema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="baldoi">
<emphasis id="B96D94534430C107BE75FC01FC31FC55" box="[804,1014,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Ischilinema baldoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B96D94534430C107BEAEFC01FB55FC55" bold="true" box="[1023,1170,942,967]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">gen n. sp. n.</emphasis>
A key to the genera of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1933C24430C107BDC6FC7CFEDAFC7E" box="[151,285,979,1004]" class="Secernentea" family="Viannaiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Viannaiidae</taxonomicName>
parasitic in caviomorphs is proposed below.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>