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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297124" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316519" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3f0f641c-cd4b-4694-8e47-c47be23ac2a9" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905116760" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. &amp; Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="B57640D47BFD00315B552E0725A07A34" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Carnivora.532-628.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Ursus americanus Pallas 1780" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="E69BF2968277AF6992A8FF32E9D4E7ED" lastPageNumber="588" masterDocId="E69BF2968277AF6992A8FF32E9D4E7ED" masterDocTitle="Order Carnivora" masterLastPageNumber="628" masterPageNumber="532" pageNumber="588" updateTime="1716792096583" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="CA4606D71F288663A763EDDEF3967D67">Order Carnivora</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AF597DE7AD0045C402B55E9CA6902E1A">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4A69603673A3988F5E0CBA40202F7D54">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F9CCBF20AC044553782BC5F1DE9BA1B4">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1</mods:title>
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<mods:identifier id="A4D553DCD133506139F75734B013F1EB" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7316519</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="B57640D47BFD00315B552E0725A07A34" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11344948" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231548357" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11344948" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B57640D47BFD00315B552E0725A07A34" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B57640D47BFD00315B552E0725A07A34" lastPageNumber="588" pageNumber="588" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000953">
<subSubSection id="1125C6FE8130832867F02C88A39755CC" pageNumber="588" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="BF2D6C0CA0803F12FF92D89EB4EA03DD" pageNumber="588">
<taxonomicName id="589062627B013A16E4D509FBB471265B" ID-CoL="7F2KC" authority="Pallas 1780" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1780" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis id="F8264581FFF88F1DB266EDFFA93D7552" italics="true" pageNumber="588">Ursus americanus</emphasis>
Pallas 1780
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1F0E9342482C69339AA533C8E37EEF49" pageNumber="588" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="329522FFE8D764D3AE81670C4417ECEA" pageNumber="588">
<treatmentCitation id="89F287971B6F444BB6BFDB29481B8A12" author="Pallas" authority="Pallas 1780" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1780" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" journal="Spicil. Zool." kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" page="5" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="americanus" title="Ursus americanus" volume="14" year="1780">
<taxonomicName id="6FF287B5C813943C4C2AC19F0DD9B03E" ID-CoL="7F2KC" authority="Pallas 1780" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1780" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis id="AE5E1ED5A2B3CD8C1FFA29C502374A15" italics="true" pageNumber="588">Ursus americanus</emphasis>
Pallas 1780
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="DDF5DB8794D4F2D5D75902571AED027C" author="Pallas" journal="Spicil. Zool." pageNumber="588" pagination="5" title="Ursus americanus" volume="14" year="1780">Spicil. Zool., 14: 5</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="01613A4A7EEBFE086BDB43308D91E16B" pageNumber="588" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="08AD7DBEE6D9B9C41D3FA62BB85DB3C5" pageNumber="588">
<emphasis id="D8A7EB469311D77A299B744B7A548E7A" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="588">Type Locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="2319F8D1F458AC8EC31DE41821861D8F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867350679" country="United States of America" pageNumber="588" stateProvince="North Carolina">
Not given. In Pallas' (1780) description, he refered to
<bibRefCitation id="4D8A52F5BE315AFE3BAEAB142FE3E851" author="Brickell, J." refId="ref41871" refString="Brickell, J. 1737. The natural history of North-Carolina: With an account of the trade, manners, and customs of the Christian and Indian inhabitants. J. Brickell, Dublin, 417 pp." year="1737">Brickell (1737)</bibRefCitation>
who implied
<collectingRegion id="FEDD48D40B2BF3A448464AD1FBC9BC2D" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="5B4739ACBBAE963054257729D14890C4" name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
) by stating they &quot;are very common in this province.&quot;
<bibRefCitation id="E81ACFE2517E9D80E7960310C694B0BC" author="Palmer, T. S." refId="ref271870" refString="Palmer, T. S. 1904. Index generum mammalium: A list of the genera and families of mammals. North American Fauna, 23: 1 - 984." year="1904">Palmer (1904)</bibRefCitation>
listed the locality as &quot;eastern North America&quot;.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="036D732C8C8203AEC63BA2F2BCC1F808" pageNumber="588" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="76D59B847C8E1A0C66888895FF2A9218" pageNumber="588">
<emphasis id="D747A5F68ECC5D81DC9F536A727B7823" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="588">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="58E7966E43E065CB3BD3D365CAFF767C" language="eng" pageNumber="588">American Black Bear</vernacularName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="299E3429A3D9F069FAA3187ACE6F32E4" pageNumber="588" type="child_taxa">
<paragraph id="3B08AF8CD69F5BC4650A10F3654D863C" pageNumber="588">
<emphasis id="EEF8A143D1813BA2243F833C1C6C95F6" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="588">Subspecies:</emphasis>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D72B3CC1B9A32629437775D892B34618" pageNumber="588">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="ADEBB37CBE16E138D67DA908724A8CF7" authority="Pallas 1780" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1780" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="americanus" subSpecies="americanus">
<emphasis id="8E480A5649DC924C6CA43199B30D233E" italics="true" pageNumber="588">Ursus americanus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="8C612AAFC8CC4E8FC5898AB2BD027EEC" italics="true" pageNumber="588">americanus</emphasis>
Pallas 1780
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="536F1262CBB4918F2BEAED9C4282FBCB" pageNumber="588">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="05B45D039EA7CC4E85D34F2D6154CB41" authority="Elliot 1903" authorityName="Elliot" authorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="americanus" subSpecies="altifrontalis">
<emphasis id="BC1A2A2F6B642370B9782D4DF5B40DA6" italics="true" pageNumber="588">Ursus americanus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="11AB3E0F192793E8340B375ADD337BED" italics="true" pageNumber="588">altifrontalis</emphasis>
Elliot 1903
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0EC70A8D2F2515A68FE94477821088A8" pageNumber="588">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="A45F59DEA5D58E5C724C635EC8453AA8" authority="Baird 1859" authorityName="Baird" authorityYear="1859" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="americanus" subSpecies="amblyceps">
<emphasis id="68D7581D1C4547578958D8D4634F411B" italics="true" pageNumber="588">Ursus americanus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="D51215B0BBC9EF74A78FC62E241326AB" italics="true" pageNumber="588">amblyceps</emphasis>
Baird 1859
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="54AA908D10285C58ACFA23D02F073F8B" pageNumber="588">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="767A52C8F774B7739A3F035C4CDC116D" authority="Miller 1900" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="americanus" subSpecies="californiensis">
<emphasis id="690501C80E1F0D89D63C697C47762AF3" italics="true" pageNumber="588">Ursus americanus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="D0761785B590155DF2C4395959D97D79" italics="true" pageNumber="588">californiensis</emphasis>
Miller 1900
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CABC301F033283449E6359BEFE5CCA30" pageNumber="588">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="0A1A4F174FB3C2C257DEE8FDA3D05514" authority="Osgood 1901" authorityName="Osgood" authorityYear="1901" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="americanus" subSpecies="carlottae">
<emphasis id="A99E506140C466DE31B250A8790A19D6" italics="true" pageNumber="588">Ursus americanus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="81EB9F4DE6D919669AF55B0713DBEC28" italics="true" pageNumber="588">carlottae</emphasis>
Osgood 1901
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="11A5BAE62F1E983CF916AB11E68CB34F" pageNumber="588">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="308F4CA6679575C682D1A2030BD1DC21" authority="Audubon and Bachman 1854" authorityName="Audubon and Bachman" authorityYear="1854" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="americanus" subSpecies="cinnamomum">
<emphasis id="A96C7C92F8DFB47E414FA456D8F78253" italics="true" pageNumber="588">Ursus americanus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="7D5225C1746B2328B0BAED278996C9DF" italics="true" pageNumber="588">cinnamomum</emphasis>
Audubon and Bachman 1854
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="36E56ACC304DDABD48A87258D2E205B4" pageNumber="588">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="1B72ED5EB03170EDE07A03DB9C2B38EC" authority="Dall 1895" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1895" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="americanus" subSpecies="emmonsii">
<emphasis id="03565F63AF8F5BDC5C2494AA59F9987A" italics="true" pageNumber="588">Ursus americanus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="2EE344BD4954C74CE9AA863C12ADCBF4" italics="true" pageNumber="588">emmonsii</emphasis>
Dall 1895
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="779E817034C6426CED418BF11FBB805A" pageNumber="588">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="D0BA7ED2C1D9254369CEBC56342E3EA1" authority="Merriam 1904" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1904" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="americanus" subSpecies="eremicus">
<emphasis id="89B4C0257B0EDFABC92E6E7C115ABE78" italics="true" pageNumber="588">Ursus americanus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="4EC5186631CB85C47B0C9B26CDE9EDCA" italics="true" pageNumber="588">eremicus</emphasis>
Merriam 1904
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D470E491D15ECA8CDA8F0F0E5FC0DF86" pageNumber="588">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="BA0903859E8597BF19FC37A57EEA1ACB" authority="Merriam 1896" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1896" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="americanus" subSpecies="floridanus">
<emphasis id="729DDF5E7053FDDC1EC6AADDD0B64831" italics="true" pageNumber="588">Ursus americanus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="859B7D5B0F15ED06358A35E6F1414DA7" italics="true" pageNumber="588">floridanus</emphasis>
Merriam 1896
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F64337780FD60279B7B753C2EA30BAE1" pageNumber="588">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="C36E70DDB136F84A6D58131EAD012EFC" authority="Cameron 1957" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1957" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="americanus" subSpecies="hamiltoni">
<emphasis id="153FBEB27DB0529843198BA2C8BE13D6" italics="true" pageNumber="588">Ursus americanus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="C21AABD7A463E24361E3D97142D67E90" italics="true" pageNumber="588">hamiltoni</emphasis>
Cameron 1957
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E41CF15C35FC6325E046C609B21E788E" pageNumber="588">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="F63907D9461617A5742BFBA23C93EF75" authority="Hornaday 1905" authorityName="Hornaday" authorityYear="1905" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="americanus" subSpecies="kermodei">
<emphasis id="B82DA5CB3E7A00368D92C4F2B4F87786" italics="true" pageNumber="588">Ursus americanus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="BF9AAFE47CB98EA6DE9D12723AF7CF24" italics="true" pageNumber="588">kermodei</emphasis>
Hornaday 1905
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="09F1F0D5C5D0E98FC62505D2E6B4D54B" pageNumber="588">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="BCB089F7119B34B361732597657B0CDD" authority="Griffith 1821" authorityName="Griffith" authorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="americanus" subSpecies="luteolus">
<emphasis id="F0B3644647A4DC3B8955B3CA108103E1" italics="true" pageNumber="588">Ursus americanus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="3DA63E7B69CA718BFEB6351A4F260571" italics="true" pageNumber="588">luteolus</emphasis>
Griffith 1821
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="10760C4136A4763D348BD40EDC748182" pageNumber="588">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="03B90F033EE66EDBC9A683D5866D1869" authority="Elliot 1903" authorityName="Elliot" authorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="americanus" subSpecies="machetes">
<emphasis id="1324D09C6D68A14FD8A8A18BD3D39BA7" italics="true" pageNumber="588">Ursus americanus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="689167B91BE017B7A957C7E7E6160FD6" italics="true" pageNumber="588">machetes</emphasis>
Elliot 1903
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="05F61F2DE74071B8F3ED4CB2BF7D536E" pageNumber="588">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="3FC56BA1682B687F5A0E82083DADA318" authority="J. A. Allen 1910" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1910" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="americanus" subSpecies="perniger">
<emphasis id="3432040B81E3A638B96C94833B806050" italics="true" pageNumber="588">Ursus americanus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="F306A5FD52B8F7973A861B6C74AC2AD6" italics="true" pageNumber="588">perniger</emphasis>
J. A.
<bibRefCitation id="3B876C744E6BCDD4786B6338262B1906" author="Allen, J. A." refId="ref5671" refString="Allen, J. A. 1910. Mammals from Palawan Island, Philippine Islands. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 28 (3): 13 - 17." year="1910">Allen 1910</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="581D14C3C90136044EF3EDC68EC98E2B" pageNumber="588">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="F2966BD1CDDC49C1AD4A4E4DAE6691BD" authority="Swarth 1911" authorityName="Swarth" authorityYear="1911" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="americanus" subSpecies="pugnax">
<emphasis id="3B3CD3810CBB99D7AA8B2D7817FCF3A3" italics="true" pageNumber="588">Ursus americanus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="609ACA1E276BF275A4D98F204408FBF4" italics="true" pageNumber="588">pugnax</emphasis>
Swarth 1911
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1ED16F2E43FDBD1BF867EB6FE071BDD4" pageNumber="588">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="AFAA9FD11BD96113060CAD17D1E4011F" authority="Hall 1928" authorityName="Hall" authorityYear="1928" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="americanus" subSpecies="vancouveri">
<emphasis id="85A105847BBFC41FB26B122F26568E58" italics="true" pageNumber="588">Ursus americanus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="015E448AEF49FAB854240325607E2190" italics="true" pageNumber="588">vancouveri</emphasis>
Hall 1928
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37FFCC0DD4261468D22850F6EEF0A8A0" pageNumber="588" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="5D0934B1D732A1DB00A4E7378901F371" pageNumber="588">
<emphasis id="9B13C5214C8B4C10C66264F9F2046BA9" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="588">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="EABD72D873B2AEBD8897276D987A50AD" name="Canada">Canada</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="51480813CD0329F62614AB790FB0F203" name="Mexico">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(N
<collectingRegion id="F44D846BA6E599EB9E0367A53869B2B7" country="Mexico" name="Nayarit">Nayarit</collectingRegion>
and S
<collectingRegion id="0D42C9C4CAFD3EBFE94C6BBD4467CF9E" country="Mexico" name="Tamaulipas">Tamaulipas</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="FCB40A8908AE4A0BF0EC11A3E69CA478" name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1E744B7A37BE5F15512FF71331A0B7BB" pageNumber="588" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="B470E5D3DF68153E151C6ED66F63D4F7" pageNumber="588">
<emphasis id="D0A8BC382F6CC4337388142584D827B3" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="588">Conservation:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="D087E9F639C024FC1DDF51578F43BAAC">CITES</collectionCode>
Appendix II;
<collectingCountry id="0294A6C7071345CA7F63A65AF54FA08D" name="United States of America">U.S.</collectingCountry>
<collectionCode id="A122311E28376769C3B786F9C4BEBA42" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14319" name="Universidade de São Paulo" type="Herbarium">ESA</collectionCode>
Threatened as
<taxonomicName id="0D4526917A98CA69C87238A7806BB143" authorityName="Griffith" authorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="americanus" subSpecies="luteolus">
<emphasis id="72E6D1D0AF2702AFD325C93CBF9C09F2" italics="true" pageNumber="588">U. americanus luteolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; all other subspecies Similarity of Appearance to a Threatened Species;
<collectionCode id="737C066477D6969B091C79484E7C698E">IUCN</collectionCode>
Lower Risk (lc).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D79D5E145B383AD42668D5BF3B3A5219" pageNumber="588" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="159B923844D1E2545A2515C3B0CD248E" pageNumber="588">
<emphasis id="CBD94A41729CBEF2EA2C58F198AB2460" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="588">Discussion:</emphasis>
Reviewed by Larivière (2001
<emphasis id="CA66EC6321AA3304E63A74FD009CC04A" italics="true" pageNumber="588">b</emphasis>
). Synonyms allocated according to
<bibRefCitation id="91827DC9A5906E55370001C3950193CE" author="Hall, E. R." refId="ref137310" refString="Hall, E. R. 1981. The mammals of North America. Second ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1: 1 - 600 + 90, 2: 601 - 1181 + 90." year="1981">Hall (1981)</bibRefCitation>
and Larivière (2001
<emphasis id="31CBA4992F008AFF0593EE0B8756EAB4" italics="true" pageNumber="588">b</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>