651 lines
82 KiB
XML
651 lines
82 KiB
XML
<document id="7A6AAA1A6AFCFDA7C8288C3572648DC7" ID-CLB-Dataset="9523" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2020.1776906" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5635cce7-0195-420e-8d72-fe797c934aa6" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4290496" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1606311103709" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Darling, D. Christopher & Tatarnic, Nikolai J." docDate="2020" docId="717087E5953FFF9F1076FBAEEA29FBF3" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.54.9-12.723-734.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 54 (9)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73.9:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Monacon gawai Darling & Tatarnic 2020" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="732" masterDocId="8D49FF9D953AFF951137FFE9E939FF80" masterDocTitle="On the horns of a dilemma: toward a better understanding of the Monacon species (Hymenoptera: Perilampidae) of Borneo" masterLastPageNumber="734" masterPageNumber="723" pageNumber="727" updateTime="1698846555691" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A4D952ECC1669B8FCD7E00BD298B8E0A">
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<mods:title id="25C0F51440D1E40D51AC5ABD315498E4">On the horns of a dilemma: toward a better understanding of the Monacon species (Hymenoptera: Perilampidae) of Borneo</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="AC163C83FC5BDB889658D4910B6D3B06" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D4E56A0ACB4B8C0E9D5BA40D115BCF7F">Darling, D. Christopher</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="D5F54FDB8A360433D2B3EB0277954448" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="55A9574C65CC97C386B28785BACF7C83">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8C5332F37B44327ED7ADB5689C5108CD">Tatarnic, Nikolai J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A817C8AC4DB3F5E978E5AF65D3F458C3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="70D54DFFE0C54FB59CCBB8A14B61372E">
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<mods:title id="04F605D28E385CC0E5F1A545292C2169">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="B64155E9B6A82ADF7C9B4D22F10AC154">
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<mods:date id="1F079F7FF439696F3FBC13B64BCE492B">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5E2FEEF2785E61D5EEFA3FB08DBCC37F">2020-09-23</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="8E3B3DCA587549D944BA2D38796761A3" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="4B575DF927B5FE3B15102D15D25C516A">54</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9CE3642D63C1E47280C7CBAC35613001">9</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="77822129445EBE0BD33029951CC988DA">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="2786ECADACE0CE896049E321F55F6FB1" type="CLB-Dataset">9523</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C67EF62702F71D8D7385582B3303D1B0" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2020.1776906</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E18850AC932ABAE76B7B9239376C29B1" type="GBIF-Dataset">5635cce7-0195-420e-8d72-fe797c934aa6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EF124CA10138DAEEA78CCA8232A81C1E" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="500C87018C19F262EAC8688FAD2E38AA" type="Zenodo-Dep">4290496</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="717087E5953FFF9F1076FBAEEA29FBF3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4323712" ID-GBIF-Taxon="170510833" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4323712" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:717087E5953FFF9F1076FBAEEA29FBF3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/717087E5953FFF9F1076FBAEEA29FBF3" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="732" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">
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<subSubSection id="B1C36578953FFF901076FBAEEB53FBE1" box="[321,618,1095,1121]" pageId="5" pageNumber="727" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F96636F3953FFF901076FBAEEB53FBE1" blockId="5.[321,994,1095,1121]" box="[321,618,1095,1121]" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">
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<heading id="A22E819F953FFF901076FBAEEB53FBE1" box="[321,618,1095,1121]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="727" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="3ED94D70953FFF901076FBAEEB53FBE1" authority="Darling" authorityName="Darling & Tatarnic" authorityYear="2020" box="[321,618,1095,1121]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Monacon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="727" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gawai">
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||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE1953FFF901076FBAEEB53FBE1" bold="true" box="[321,618,1095,1121]" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">
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||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE1953FFF901076FBAEEB3FFBE1" bold="true" box="[321,518,1095,1121]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">Monacon gawai</emphasis>
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||
Darling
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="B1C36578953FFF901345FBAEEADBFBE1" box="[626,994,1095,1121]" pageId="5" pageNumber="727" type="description">
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<paragraph id="F96636F3953FFF901345FBAEEADBFBE1" blockId="5.[321,994,1095,1121]" box="[626,994,1095,1121]" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">
|
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(
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<figureCitation id="61E22A76953FFF90134DFBAEEBD8FBE1" box="[634,737,1095,1121]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1588,1611]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-3@3.[163,1153,142,1557]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Fieldwork at Nanga Delok longhouse. (a) Cut log of Baccaurea motleyana behind the Iban longhouse. (b) Log with pinhole borer wood and frass piles (white patches). (c) Bark plug removed, tunnels into heartwood. (d) Monacon female, investigating sawdust and frass. (e) Cutting discs for log dissections. (f) Pinhole borer galleries and blue stain fungi in heartwood. (g) Pinhole borer larva and pupa. (h) Pinhole borer larva and adult dissected from heartwood. Note blue staining of heartwood in (g and h)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290498" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290498/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">Figures 1</figureCitation>
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(d), 2, 3, 4, SM1, SM2)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="B1C36578953FFF901197FB77ED47FB5A" pageId="5" pageNumber="727" type="distribution">
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||
<paragraph id="F96636F3953FFF901197FB77E80FFB38" blockId="5.[160,1150,1182,1242]" box="[160,310,1182,1208]" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">
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||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE1953FFF901197FB77E80FFB38" bold="true" box="[160,310,1182,1208]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">Type locality</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="F96636F3953FFF901197FB28ED47FB5A" blockId="5.[160,1150,1182,1242]" box="[160,1150,1217,1242]" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">
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||
<location id="FC066028953FFF901197FB28E808FB5A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:717087E5953FFF9F1076FBAEEA29FBF3:FC066028953FFF901197FB28E808FB5A" box="[160,305,1217,1242]" country="Malaysia" latitude="1.2333" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="112.02087" municipality="Sri Aman Division" name="Nanga Delok" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">Nanga Delok</location>
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longhouse,
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<collectingMunicipality id="1902AC89953FFF90108BFB28EBBCFB5A" box="[444,645,1217,1242]" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">Sri Aman Division</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="81CE7663953FFF9013A7FB28EBD4FB5A" box="[656,749,1217,1242]" name="Malaysia" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
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||
(
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||
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|
||
1° 13.998
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||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE1953FFF901254FB28EA50FB58" box="[867,873,1217,1240]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="9CED5034953FFF9012B0FB28ED19FB5A" box="[903,1056,1217,1242]" degrees="112" direction="east" minutes="01.252" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="727" precision="1" value="112.02087">
|
||
112° 01.252
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||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE1953FFF90153DFB28ED29FB58" box="[1034,1040,1217,1240]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<quantity id="3E219B16953FFF90151DFB28ED4BFB5A" box="[1066,1138,1217,1242]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0699999999999998" pageId="5" pageNumber="727" unit="m" value="107.0">
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<elevation id="72F4D1C0953FFF90151DFB28ED4BFB5A" box="[1066,1138,1217,1242]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0699999999999998" pageId="5" pageNumber="727" unit="m" value="107.0">107 m</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="B1C36578953FFF921197FAEFED0AFD92" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="729" pageId="5" pageNumber="727" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="F96636F3953FFF901197FAEFE87DFAA0" blockId="5.[160,1156,1286,1693]" box="[160,324,1286,1312]" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">
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||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE1953FFF901197FAEFE87DFAA0" bold="true" box="[160,324,1286,1312]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">Type material</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="F96636F3953FFF921197FAC0EBE8FF4A" blockId="5.[160,1156,1286,1693]" lastBlockId="7.[160,1155,142,202]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="729" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">
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||
<materialsCitation id="49B13CAE953FFF901197FAC0EA2FFA4D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2987083301" collectingDate="2012-06-01" collectionCode="ROME" collectorName="DC Darling" country="Malaysia" county="Sri Aman Div." elevation="107" latitude="1.2333" location="Nanga Delok longhouse" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="112.02087" pageId="5" pageNumber="727" specimenCode="ROME176885" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Sarawak" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="26628851953FFF901197FAC0E83EFAC2" box="[160,263,1321,1346]" pageId="5" pageNumber="727" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
<specimenCount id="EFDFFD7A953FFF901022FAC0E85FFAC2" box="[277,358,1321,1346]" pageId="5" pageNumber="727" type="female">Female</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="A97F9E88953FFF90104DFAC0EB2FFAC2" box="[378,534,1321,1346]" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">ROME176885</specimenCode>
|
||
), deposited at the Forest Research Centre, Sarawak Forestry Department, Kuching, ‘
|
||
<collectingCountry id="81CE7663953FFF90133DFAA5EBBCFAE5" box="[522,645,1356,1381]" name="Malaysia" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">MALAYSIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3B1DF811953FFF9013A5FAA5EBC8FAE5" box="[658,753,1356,1381]" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">Sarawak</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="10074E7F953FFF9013C9FAA5EAA7FAE5" box="[766,926,1356,1381]" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">Sri Aman Div.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="FC066028953FFF90129CFAA5E9DEFA07" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:717087E5953FFF9F1076FBAEEA29FBF3:FC066028953FFF90129CFAA5E9DEFA07" country="Malaysia" county="Sri Aman Div." latitude="1.2333" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="112.02087" name="Nanga Delok longhouse" pageId="5" pageNumber="727" stateProvince="Sarawak">Nanga Delok longhouse</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9CED5034953FFF9011C2FA87E840FA07" box="[245,377,1390,1415]" degrees="1" direction="north" minutes="13.998" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="727" precision="1" value="1.2333">
|
||
1° 13.998
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE1953FFF901057FA86E85FFA06" box="[352,358,1391,1414]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
N
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||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9CED5034953FFF9010BFFA87EB1CFA07" box="[392,549,1390,1415]" degrees="112" direction="east" minutes="01.252" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="727" precision="1" value="112.02087">
|
||
112° 01.252
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||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE1953FFF901338FA86EB2CFA06" box="[527,533,1391,1414]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
E
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||
</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<quantity id="3E219B16953FFF901304FA87EB46FA07" box="[563,639,1390,1415]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0699999999999998" pageId="5" pageNumber="727" unit="m" value="107.0">
|
||
<elevation id="72F4D1C0953FFF901304FA87EB46FA07" box="[563,639,1390,1415]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0699999999999998" pageId="5" pageNumber="727" unit="m" value="107.0">107 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
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||
,
|
||
<date id="8D671033953FFF9013B9FA87EA27FA07" box="[654,798,1390,1415]" pageId="5" pageNumber="727" value="2012-06-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9D23E9DB953FFF9013B9FA87EA27FA07" box="[654,798,1390,1415]" pageId="5" pageNumber="727" value="2012-06-01">1 June 2012</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
<collectorName id="542C5325953FFF90121EFA87EA9EFA07" box="[809,935,1390,1415]" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">DC Darling</collectorName>
|
||
ROM 2012103; Ex. 3-month cut log
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D70953FFF901041FA78EB50FA2A" box="[374,617,1425,1450]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Baccaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="727" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="motleyana">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE1953FFF901041FA78EB50FA2A" box="[374,617,1425,1450]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">Baccaurea motleyana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D70953FFF90138EFA78ED44FA2A" authority="(Schedl)" baseAuthorityName="Schedl" box="[697,1149,1425,1450]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Dinoplatypus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="727" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudocupulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE1953FFF90138EFA78ED29FA2A" box="[697,1040,1425,1450]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">Dinoplatypus pseudocupulatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Schedl)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’, imaged ROM
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||
<date id="8D671033953FFF90100BFA5DEB2CFA4D" box="[316,533,1460,1485]" pageId="5" pageNumber="727" value="2017-11-24">24 November 2017</date>
|
||
and
|
||
<date id="8D671033953FFF901366FA5DEA2BFA4D" box="[593,786,1460,1485]" pageId="5" pageNumber="727" value="2019-10-31">31 October 2019</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="49B13CAE953FFF921229FA5DEBE8FF4A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2987083304" collectingDate="2018-05-27" collectionCode="ROME, NHMUK, USNM" collectorName="DC Darling" country="Malaysia" county="Sri Aman Div." elevation="246" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="729" latitude="1.2333" location="Nanga Talong longhouse" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="112.02087" pageId="5" pageNumber="727" specimenCode="ROME179713, 176834, 179714-17973, ROME179712, ROME 179734, ROM179735-17941, 179752, 179753" specimenCount="25" specimenCount-female="25" stateProvince="Sarawak" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
Thirty-five
|
||
<typeStatus id="26628851953FFF9012A0FA5DEAC2FA4D" box="[919,1019,1460,1485]" pageId="5" pageNumber="727" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
females, 22 same data as Holotype:
|
||
<specimenCode id="A97F9E88953FFF901086FA3FEB7EFA6F" box="[433,583,1494,1519]" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">ROME179713</specimenCode>
|
||
(BOLD COI sequence CDROM006-19, 411 bp); and
|
||
<specimenCode id="A97F9E88953FFF901197FA10E9CCF992" box="[160,245,1529,1554]" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">176834</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="A97F9E88953FFF9011C9FA10E89BF992" box="[254,418,1529,1554]" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">179714–17973</specimenCode>
|
||
and 13 labelled ‘
|
||
<collectingCountry id="81CE7663953FFF90136CFA10EBEFF992" box="[603,726,1529,1554]" name="Malaysia" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">MALAYSIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3B1DF811953FFF9013E8FA10EA07F992" box="[735,830,1529,1554]" country="Malaysia" name="Sarawak" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">Sarawak</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="10074E7F953FFF901270FA10EAE6F992" box="[839,991,1529,1554]" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">Sri Aman Div.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="FC066028953FFF9012D0FA10E820F9B5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:717087E5953FFF9F1076FBAEEA29FBF3:FC066028953FFF9012D0FA10E820F9B5" country="Malaysia" county="Sri Aman Div." latitude="1.2333" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="112.02087" name="Nanga Talong longhouse" pageId="5" pageNumber="727" stateProvince="Sarawak">Nanga Talong longhouse</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9CED5034953FFF901013F9F5E89CF9B5" box="[292,421,1564,1589]" degrees="1" direction="north" minutes="23.333" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="727" precision="1" value="1.3888834">
|
||
1° 23.333
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE1953FFF9010BAF9F5E8AAF9B3" box="[397,403,1564,1587]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9CED5034953FFF901086F9F5EB72F9B5" box="[433,587,1564,1589]" degrees="111" direction="east" minutes="59.103" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="727" precision="1" value="111.98505">
|
||
111° 59.103
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE1953FFF901302F9F5EB02F9B3" box="[565,571,1564,1587]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="3E219B16953FFF901361F9F5EBA6F9B5" box="[598,671,1564,1589]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.46" pageId="5" pageNumber="727" unit="m" value="246.0">
|
||
<elevation id="72F4D1C0953FFF901361F9F5EBA6F9B5" box="[598,671,1564,1589]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.46" pageId="5" pageNumber="727" unit="m" value="246.0">246 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="8D671033953FFF90139CF9F5EA05F9B5" box="[683,828,1564,1589]" pageId="5" pageNumber="727" value="2018-05-27">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9D23E9DB953FFF90139CF9F5EA05F9B5" box="[683,828,1564,1589]" pageId="5" pageNumber="727" value="2018-05-27">27 May 2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
<collectorName id="542C5325953FFF901273F9F5EAF8F9B5" box="[836,961,1564,1589]" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">DC Darling</collectorName>
|
||
, N. Tatarnic ROM 2018526: Ex: durian log at mini-hydro dam, with ambrosia beetles (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D70953FFF9012EBF9D7ED4EF9D7" box="[988,1143,1598,1623]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="727" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Platypodinae">Platypodinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
)’:
|
||
<specimenCode id="A97F9E88953FFF901197F988E80FF9FA" box="[160,310,1633,1658]" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">ROME179712</specimenCode>
|
||
(BOLD COI sequence CDROM007-19, 431 bp) and
|
||
<specimenCode id="A97F9E88953FFF9012A7F988ED08F9FA" box="[912,1073,1633,1658]" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">ROME 179734</specimenCode>
|
||
(BOLD COI sequence CDROM008-19, 430 bp), and
|
||
<specimenCode id="A97F9E88953FFF9013AEF96DEA48F91D" box="[665,881,1668,1693]" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">ROM179735-17941</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="A97F9E88953FFF901249F96DEAEAF91D" box="[894,979,1668,1693]" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">179752</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="A97F9E88953FFF9012D7F96DED0BF91D" box="[992,1074,1668,1693]" pageId="5" pageNumber="727">179753</specimenCode>
|
||
(X-Ray microtomography). Paratypes deposited at Forest Research Centre, Sarawak Forestry Department, Kuching,
|
||
<collectionCode id="9FC8AE36953DFF9210A9FF58E8DDFF4A" box="[414,484,177,202]" collectionName="Canada, Ontario, Toronto, Royal Ontario Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="729">ROME</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="9FC8AE36953DFF9210D9FF58EB70FF4A" box="[494,585,177,202]" collectionName="NHMUK" pageId="7" pageNumber="729">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectionCode id="9FC8AE36953DFF9213B2FF58EBF4FF4A" box="[645,717,177,202]" collectionName="USA, Washington D.C., National Museum of Natural History, [formerly, United States National Museum]" pageId="7" pageNumber="729">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="ADA6667B953CFF9311A0F9A0EAFBF938" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4290500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290500/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="728" startId="6.[151,216,1609,1632]" targetBox="[158,1148,137,1593]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="F96636F3953CFF9311A0F9A0EAFBF938" blockId="6.[151,1157,1609,1720]" pageId="6" pageNumber="728">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE1953CFF9311A0F9A0E9C9F9E0" bold="true" box="[151,240,1609,1632]" pageId="6" pageNumber="728">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D70953CFF9311C1F9A0E8A9F9E0" authority="Darling & Tatarnic, 2020" authorityName="Darling & Tatarnic" authorityYear="2020" box="[246,400,1609,1632]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Monacon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="728" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gawai" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE1953CFF9311C1F9A0E8A9F9E0" box="[246,400,1609,1632]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="728">Monacon gawai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D09E579A953CFF9310A1F9A0E8FDF9E0" box="[406,452,1609,1632]" pageId="6" pageNumber="728" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(a) Lateral habitus. (b) Dorsal habitus. (c) Head, frontal. (d) Head, dorsal. (e) Head oblique. (f) Lateral pronotum and prepectus. (g) Scutellum, lateral view. (h) Metasoma and ovipositor, lateral view (Inset: apex of ovipositor, dorsal view). (a, b, f, g) Holotype, ROME176835. (c) Paratype, ROME179712. (d, e) Paratype, ROME139712. (h) Paratype, ROME179752.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F96636F3953DFF921197FEECEB3BFE9F" blockId="7.[160,1156,261,530]" box="[160,514,261,287]" pageId="7" pageNumber="729">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE1953DFF921197FEECEB3BFE9F" bold="true" box="[160,514,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="729">Additional Material Examined</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F96636F3953DFF921197FEC0ED0AFD92" blockId="7.[160,1156,261,530]" pageId="7" pageNumber="729">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="49B13CAE953DFF921197FEC0EBFEFEE5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2987083302" collectingDate="1996-11-16" collectingDateMax="1996-11-21" collectingDateMin="1996-11-16" collectionCode="ROME" collectorName="MT SL Heydon and S Fung" country="Malaysia" elevation="893089350" isTailEnumeration="true" latitude="3.6833334" location="Sarawak sw. Gunung Buda" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="97.65" municipality="Borneo" pageId="7" pageNumber="729" specimenCode="ROME176871" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="6" stateProvince="Borneo">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="81CE7663953DFF921197FEC0E839FEC2" box="[160,256,297,322]" name="Malaysia" pageId="7" pageNumber="729">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="EFDFFD7A953DFF921039FEC0E8B9FEC2" box="[270,384,297,322]" pageId="7" pageNumber="729" type="female">6 females</specimenCount>
|
||
):
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3B1DF811953DFF9210A7FEC0E8DAFEC2" box="[400,483,297,322]" pageId="7" pageNumber="729">Borneo</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="FC066028953DFF9210D9FEC0EA24FEC2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:717087E5953FFF9F1076FBAEEA29FBF3:FC066028953DFF9210D9FEC0EA24FEC2" box="[494,797,297,322]" country="Malaysia" latitude="3.6833334" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="97.65" municipality="Borneo" name="Sarawak sw. Gunung Buda" pageId="7" pageNumber="729" stateProvince="Borneo">Sarawak sw. Gunung Buda</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="3E219B16953DFF92121FFEC0EA57FEC2" box="[808,878,297,322]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="729" unit="km" value="64.0">
|
||
<locationDeviation id="E8D42FD1953DFF92121FFEC0EA57FEC2" box="[808,878,297,322]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="729" unit="km" value="64.0">64 km</locationDeviation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
S. Limbang,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9CED5034953DFF921536FEC0ED73FEC2" box="[1025,1098,297,322]" degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="729" precision="925" value="4.2166667">
|
||
4°13
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE1953DFF921505FEC0ED01FEC0" box="[1074,1080,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="729">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9CED5034953DFF921565FEC0E9E8FEE5" degrees="114" direction="east" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="729" precision="925" value="114.933334">
|
||
114° 56
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE1953DFF92118CFEA5E9F8FEE3" box="[187,193,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="729">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="8D671033953DFF9211E8FEA5E843FEE5" box="[223,378,332,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="729" value="1996-11-16" valueMax="1996-11-21" valueMin="1996-11-16">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9D23E9DB953DFF9211E8FEA5E843FEE5" box="[223,378,332,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="729" value="1996-11-16" valueMax="1996-11-21" valueMin="1996-11-16">16–21.XI.1996</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
<collectorName id="542C5325953DFF9210B2FEA5EBFDFEE5" box="[389,708,332,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="729">MT SL Heydon and S Fung</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="49B13CAE953DFF9213E6FEA5EB1EFE4D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2987083303" collectingDate="1989-09-09" collectingDateMax="1990-01-31" collectingDateMin="1989-09-09" collectingMethod="Malaise trap" collectionCode="ROME" collectorName="DC Darling" country="Indonesia" elevation="0" isTailEnumeration="true" latitude="3.6833334" location="Gunung Leuser Nat. Pk." longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="97.65" municipality="Borneo" pageId="7" pageNumber="729" specimenCode="ROME176871, ROME176864" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="5" stateProvince="Sumatra">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="81CE7663953DFF9213E6FEA5EA07FEE5" box="[721,830,332,357]" name="Indonesia" pageId="7" pageNumber="729">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="EFDFFD7A953DFF921267FEA5EAFDFEE5" box="[848,964,332,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="729" type="female">5 females</specimenCount>
|
||
):
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3B1DF811953DFF9212E0FEA5ED0EFEE5" box="[983,1079,332,357]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="7" pageNumber="729">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3B1DF811953DFF921572FEA5EDB9FEE5" box="[1093,1152,332,357]" country="Indonesia" name="Aceh" pageId="7" pageNumber="729">Aceh</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="FC066028953DFF921197FE87E880FE07" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:717087E5953FFF9F1076FBAEEA29FBF3:FC066028953DFF921197FE87E880FE07" box="[160,441,366,391]" country="Indonesia" latitude="3.6833334" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="97.65" municipality="Borneo" name="Gunung Leuser Nat. Pk." pageId="7" pageNumber="729" stateProvince="Sumatra">Gunung Leuser Nat. Pk.</location>
|
||
, Ketambe Res. Sta.:
|
||
<date id="8D671033953DFF92139DFE87EA94FE07" box="[682,941,366,391]" pageId="7" pageNumber="729" value="1989-09-09" valueMax="1989-09-21" valueMin="1989-09-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9D23E9DB953DFF92139DFE87EA94FE07" box="[682,941,366,391]" pageId="7" pageNumber="729" value="1989-09-09" valueMax="1989-09-21" valueMin="1989-09-09">9–21 September 1989</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="542C5325953DFF92128BFE87ED07FE07" box="[956,1086,366,391]" pageId="7" pageNumber="729">DC Darling</collectorName>
|
||
, ROM
|
||
<quantity id="3E219B16953DFF921197FE78E874FE2A" box="[160,333,401,426]" metricMagnitude="8" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.9308935" pageId="7" pageNumber="729" unit="m" value="8.9308935E8">
|
||
893089,
|
||
<elevation id="72F4D1C0953DFF921035FE78E874FE2A" box="[258,333,401,426]" pageId="7" pageNumber="729">350 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9CED5034953DFF92106CFE78E89FFE2A" box="[347,422,401,426]" degrees="3" direction="north" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="729" precision="925" value="3.6833334">
|
||
3°41
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE1953DFF9210BAFE78E8AAFE28" box="[397,403,401,424]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="729">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9CED5034953DFF921083FE78EB30FE2A" box="[436,521,401,426]" degrees="97" direction="east" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="729" precision="925" value="97.65">
|
||
97°39
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE1953DFF9210C4FE78E8C0FE28" box="[499,505,401,424]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="729">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingMethod id="20984EE4953DFF921321FE78EB9BFE2A" box="[534,674,401,426]" pageId="7" pageNumber="729">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="A97F9E88953DFF921385FE78EA74FE2A" box="[690,845,401,426]" collectionCode="ROME" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2yxb-9en0" name="Royal Ontario Museum - Entomology" pageId="7" pageNumber="729" type="Museum">ROME176871</specimenCode>
|
||
); and
|
||
<date id="8D671033953DFF9212A2FE78ED6DFE2A" box="[917,1108,401,426]" pageId="7" pageNumber="729" value="1990-01-31">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9D23E9DB953DFF9212A2FE78ED6DFE2A" box="[917,1108,401,426]" pageId="7" pageNumber="729" value="1990-01-31">31 January 1990</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
. DC Darling. IIS 900003 (
|
||
<specimenCode id="A97F9E88953DFF9210B6FE5DEB24FE4D" box="[385,541,436,461]" collectionCode="ROME" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2yxb-9en0" name="Royal Ontario Museum - Entomology" pageId="7" pageNumber="729" type="Museum">ROME176864</specimenCode>
|
||
);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="49B13CAE953DFF921319FE5DED16FD92" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2987083305" collectingDate="1991-06-15" collectingDateMax="1991-08-15" collectingDateMin="1991-06-15" collectingMethod="Malaise trap" collectionCode="MT" collectorName="Darling & Ubaidillah" country="Indonesia" elevation="0" isTailEnumeration="true" latitude="3.6833334" location="Gunung Palung Nat. Pk." longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="97.65" municipality="Borneo" pageId="7" pageNumber="729" specimenCode="ROME176863, 176872, 176873" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="6" stateProvince="West Kalimantan">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="81CE7663953DFF921319FE5DEBA4FE4D" box="[558,669,436,461]" name="Indonesia" pageId="7" pageNumber="729">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="1902AC89953DFF92139FFE5DEBC2FE4D" box="[680,763,436,461]" pageId="7" pageNumber="729">Borneo</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3B1DF811953DFF921230FE5DEAFEFE4D" box="[775,967,436,461]" country="Indonesia" name="Kalimantan Barat" pageId="7" pageNumber="729">West Kalimantan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="FC066028953DFF9212E5FE5DE9C1FE6F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:717087E5953FFF9F1076FBAEEA29FBF3:FC066028953DFF9212E5FE5DE9C1FE6F" country="Indonesia" latitude="3.6833334" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="97.65" municipality="Borneo" name="Gunung Palung Nat. Pk." pageId="7" pageNumber="729" stateProvince="West Kalimantan">Gunung Palung Nat. Pk.</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="E8D42FD1953DFF921035FE3FEB38FE6F" box="[258,513,470,495]" pageId="7" pageNumber="729">Cabang Panti Res. Sta.</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="8D671033953DFF92133CFE3FEA2EFE6F" box="[523,791,470,495]" pageId="7" pageNumber="729" value="1991-06-15" valueMax="1991-08-15" valueMin="1991-06-15">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9D23E9DB953DFF92133CFE3FEA2EFE6F" box="[523,791,470,495]" pageId="7" pageNumber="729" value="1991-06-15" valueMax="1991-08-15" valueMin="1991-06-15">15 JUN-15 August 1991</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="542C5325953DFF921214FE3FEA4EFE6F" box="[803,887,470,495]" pageId="7" pageNumber="729">Darling</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="542C5325953DFF9212B5FE3FEACFFE6F" box="[898,1014,470,495]" pageId="7" pageNumber="729">Ubaidillah</collectorName>
|
||
, Sutrisno. IIS 910122,
|
||
<elevation id="72F4D1C0953DFF9211C8FE10E847FD92" box="[255,382,505,530]" pageId="7" pageNumber="729">
|
||
100–
|
||
<quantity id="3E219B16953DFF921004FE10E847FD92" box="[307,382,505,530]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="729" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9CED5034953DFF9210BEFE10E8F6FD92" box="[393,463,505,530]" degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="729" precision="925" value="-1.25">1°15’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9CED5034953DFF9210EDFE10EB16FD92" box="[474,559,505,530]" degrees="110" direction="east" minutes="5" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="729" precision="925" value="110.083336">
|
||
110°5
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE1953DFF92132DFE10EB19FD90" box="[538,544,505,528]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="729">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMethod id="20984EE4953DFF92130EFE10EBFAFD92" box="[569,707,505,530]" pageId="7" pageNumber="729">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="A97F9E88953DFF9213F8FE10EA50FD92" box="[719,873,505,530]" collectionCode="ROME" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2yxb-9en0" name="Royal Ontario Museum - Entomology" pageId="7" pageNumber="729" type="Museum">ROME176863</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="A97F9E88953DFF921244FE10EAF1FD92" box="[883,968,505,530]" collectionCode="ROME" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2yxb-9en0" name="Royal Ontario Museum - Entomology" pageId="7" pageNumber="729" type="Museum">176872</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="A97F9E88953DFF9212E4FE10ED10FD92" box="[979,1065,505,530]" collectionCode="ROME" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2yxb-9en0" name="Royal Ontario Museum - Entomology" pageId="7" pageNumber="729" type="Museum">176873</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="ADA6667B953DFF921197F9B8EA18F940" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290502" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4290502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290502/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="729" startId="7.[160,225,1617,1640]" targetBox="[163,1153,673,1585]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="F96636F3953DFF921197F9B8EA18F940" blockId="7.[160,1157,1617,1728]" pageId="7" pageNumber="729">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE1953DFF921197F9B8E9C6F9E8" bold="true" box="[160,255,1617,1640]" pageId="7" pageNumber="729">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D70953DFF92103BF9B8E85CF9E8" authorityName="Waterston" authorityYear="1922" box="[268,357,1617,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Monacon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="729" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE1953DFF92103BF9B8E85CF9E8" box="[268,357,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="729">Monacon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species comparisons. (a
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE1953DFF921354F9B8EB53F9E8" box="[611,618,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="729">)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D70953DFF921341F9B8EA60F9E8" authority="Boucek." authorityName="Boucek." box="[630,857,1617,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Monacon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="729" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestum">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE1953DFF921341F9B8EBC6F9E8" box="[630,767,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="729">M. modestum</emphasis>
|
||
Bouček.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Holotype and labels (Insets,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D70953DFF921197F987E805F905" authority="Darling & Tatarnic, 2020" authorityName="Darling & Tatarnic" authorityYear="2020" box="[160,316,1646,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Monacon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="729" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gawai" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE1953DFF921197F987E805F905" box="[160,316,1646,1669]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="729">Monacon gawai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D09E579A953DFF921074F987E84BF905" box="[323,370,1646,1669]" pageId="7" pageNumber="729" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Above, fore wing (Paratype ROME179712); Below, lateral mesosoma (Paratype ROME179735)). (b and c)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D70953DFF9210A2F962EB17F922" authority="Darling & Tatarnic, 2020" authorityName="Darling & Tatarnic" authorityYear="2020" box="[405,558,1675,1698]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Monacon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="729" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gawai" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE1953DFF9210A2F962EB17F922" box="[405,558,1675,1698]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="729">Monacon gawai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D09E579A953DFF921304F962EB5AF922" box="[563,611,1675,1698]" pageId="7" pageNumber="729" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, fore wing and venation. (b) Paratype female. (c) Female from Gunung Buda (Note: thickened band below marginal vein).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B1C365789532FF9D1197FF67EDBDFB5B" pageId="8" pageNumber="730" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="F96636F39532FF9D1197FF67E890FF28" blockId="8.[160,1156,142,1243]" box="[160,425,142,168]" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE19532FF9D1197FF67E890FF28" bold="true" box="[160,425,142,168]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">Diagnostic description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F96636F39532FF9D1197FF5BE9E3FEB3" blockId="8.[160,1156,142,1243]" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">
|
||
Females, slightly less than
|
||
<quantity id="3E219B169532FF9D10FCFF5BEB32FF4B" box="[459,523,178,203]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="730" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length. Black in colour, without iridescent reflections, except flagella, tegulae, trochanters, femora and tibiae brown, tibiae yellow. Wings hyaline, setose,
|
||
<typeStatus id="266288519532FF9D101AFF1EE866FE90" box="[301,351,247,272]" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material without a thickened band below marginal vein (
|
||
<figureCitation id="61E22A769532FF9D12C0FF1EED58FE90" box="[1015,1121,247,272]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1617,1640]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,673,1585]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[163,1153,673,1585]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Monacon species comparisons. (a) M. modestum Bouček. Holotype and labels (Insets, Monacon gawai n.sp. Above, fore wing (Paratype ROME179712); Below, lateral mesosoma (Paratype ROME179735)). (b and c) Monacon gawai n.sp., fore wing and venation.(b) Paratype female. (c) Female from Gunung Buda (Note: thickened band below marginal vein)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290502/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">Figures 3</figureCitation>
|
||
(b), 4(b)).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F96636F39532FF9D11F7FED5E9D7FD0D" blockId="8.[160,1156,142,1243]" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D709532FF9D11F7FED5E84BFED5" authorityName="Darling & Tatarnic" authorityYear="2020" box="[192,370,316,341]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Monacon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gawai">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE19532FF9D11F7FED5E81FFED5" box="[192,294,316,341]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">Monacon</emphasis>
|
||
gawai
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is one of the very few species in southeast Asia with a completely demarcated clypeus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="61E22A769532FF9D10B9FEB6E8D1FEF8" box="[398,488,351,376]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1617,1640]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,673,1585]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[163,1153,673,1585]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Monacon species comparisons. (a) M. modestum Bouček. Holotype and labels (Insets, Monacon gawai n.sp. Above, fore wing (Paratype ROME179712); Below, lateral mesosoma (Paratype ROME179735)). (b and c) Monacon gawai n.sp., fore wing and venation.(b) Paratype female. (c) Female from Gunung Buda (Note: thickened band below marginal vein)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290502/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
(c)) – the lateral sutures are distinct and the epistomal sulcus is deep and crenulate. The flat clypeus has very low and setose tubercles (
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE19532FF9D12DFFE6BED1DFE1B" box="[1000,1060,386,411]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9D484B029532FF9D151BFE6BE9EEFE3D" author="Boucek Z" pageId="8" pageNumber="730" pagination="73 - 96" refId="ref5369" refString="Boucek Z. 1980. A revision of the genus Monacon Waterston (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Perilampinae), parasites of ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Platypodidae). Bull Ent Res. 70: 73 - 96. doi: 10.1017 / S 0007485300009792." type="journal article" year="1980">Bouček, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) near the lateral sutures and close to the anterior margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="61E22A769532FF9D125AFE4DEAF0FE3D" box="[877,969,420,445]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1617,1640]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,673,1585]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[163,1153,673,1585]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Monacon species comparisons. (a) M. modestum Bouček. Holotype and labels (Insets, Monacon gawai n.sp. Above, fore wing (Paratype ROME179712); Below, lateral mesosoma (Paratype ROME179735)). (b and c) Monacon gawai n.sp., fore wing and venation.(b) Paratype female. (c) Female from Gunung Buda (Note: thickened band below marginal vein)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290502/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
(c)). The clypeus, except for the tubercles, lacks setae and has very weak coriarious sculpture, in contrasts to the coarser sculpture on the rest of the face. The scrobal cavities are deep but restricted to the upper half of the face, convergent on the middle of the eye, with a distinct carina above (
|
||
<figureCitation id="61E22A769532FF9D11C3FDC6E869FDC8" box="[244,336,559,584]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1617,1640]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,673,1585]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[163,1153,673,1585]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Monacon species comparisons. (a) M. modestum Bouček. Holotype and labels (Insets, Monacon gawai n.sp. Above, fore wing (Paratype ROME179712); Below, lateral mesosoma (Paratype ROME179735)). (b and c) Monacon gawai n.sp., fore wing and venation.(b) Paratype female. (c) Female from Gunung Buda (Note: thickened band below marginal vein)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290502/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
(e)). The frontal horn is short in lateral view, less than one-half eye width, curved and triangular in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="61E22A769532FF9D1308FDBBEBA3FDEB" box="[575,666,594,619]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1617,1640]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,673,1585]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[163,1153,673,1585]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Monacon species comparisons. (a) M. modestum Bouček. Holotype and labels (Insets, Monacon gawai n.sp. Above, fore wing (Paratype ROME179712); Below, lateral mesosoma (Paratype ROME179735)). (b and c) Monacon gawai n.sp., fore wing and venation.(b) Paratype female. (c) Female from Gunung Buda (Note: thickened band below marginal vein)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290502/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
(a)). The apex of the horn is rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="61E22A769532FF9D150BFDBBE996FD0D" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1617,1640]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,673,1585]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[163,1153,673,1585]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Monacon species comparisons. (a) M. modestum Bouček. Holotype and labels (Insets, Monacon gawai n.sp. Above, fore wing (Paratype ROME179712); Below, lateral mesosoma (Paratype ROME179735)). (b and c) Monacon gawai n.sp., fore wing and venation.(b) Paratype female. (c) Female from Gunung Buda (Note: thickened band below marginal vein)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290502/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
(b,d)).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F96636F39532FF9D11F7FD7EE855FBAD" blockId="8.[160,1156,142,1243]" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D709532FF9D11F7FD7EE852FD30" authorityName="Darling & Tatarnic" authorityYear="2020" box="[192,363,663,688]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Monacon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gawai">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE19532FF9D11F7FD7EE852FD30" box="[192,363,663,688]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">Monacon gawai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D709532FF9D1319FD7EEA2FFD30" authority="Boucek" authorityName="Boucek" box="[558,790,663,688]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Monacon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestum">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE19532FF9D1319FD7EEB87FD30" box="[558,702,663,688]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">M. modestum</emphasis>
|
||
Bouček
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and will run to this species in the key provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9D484B029532FF9D106BFD53E8C0FD53" author="Boucek Z" box="[348,505,698,723]" pageId="8" pageNumber="730" pagination="73 - 96" refId="ref5369" refString="Boucek Z. 1980. A revision of the genus Monacon Waterston (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Perilampinae), parasites of ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Platypodidae). Bull Ent Res. 70: 73 - 96. doi: 10.1017 / S 0007485300009792." type="journal article" year="1980">Bouček (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who also notes that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D709532FF9D13D2FD53EA41FD53" box="[741,888,698,723]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Monacon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestum">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE19532FF9D13D2FD53EA41FD53" box="[741,888,698,723]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">M. modestum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is “especially distinctive because of its simple horn and relatively flat and fairly shiny lower face with the tubercles clearly indicated but very low and placed nearer the eye margin that in other known species”. This statement now needs to be modified to include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D709532FF9D1279FCCBEA89FCBB" authorityName="Darling & Tatarnic" authorityYear="2020" box="[846,944,802,827]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Monacon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gawai">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE19532FF9D1279FCCBEA89FCBB" box="[846,944,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">M. gawai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. And based on the images of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="266288519532FF9D107BFCADE897FCDD" box="[332,430,836,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="730" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D709532FF9D10EBFCADEB4AFCDD" box="[476,627,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Monacon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestum">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE19532FF9D10EBFCADEB4AFCDD" box="[476,627,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">M. modestum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="61E22A769532FF9D13B1FCADEBDDFCDD" box="[646,740,836,861]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1617,1640]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,673,1585]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[163,1153,673,1585]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Monacon species comparisons. (a) M. modestum Bouček. Holotype and labels (Insets, Monacon gawai n.sp. Above, fore wing (Paratype ROME179712); Below, lateral mesosoma (Paratype ROME179735)). (b and c) Monacon gawai n.sp., fore wing and venation.(b) Paratype female. (c) Female from Gunung Buda (Note: thickened band below marginal vein)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290502/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
(a), B.M. Type 5.2700), the following characters differentiate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D709532FF9D1091FC8EEB30FC00" authorityName="Darling & Tatarnic" authorityYear="2020" box="[422,521,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Monacon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gawai">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE19532FF9D1091FC8EEB30FC00" box="[422,521,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">M. gawai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: slightly smaller is size, length
|
||
<quantity id="3E219B169532FF9D1253FC8EEA9FFC00" box="[868,934,871,896]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="730" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
versus
|
||
<quantity id="3E219B169532FF9D12CBFC8EED69FC00" box="[1020,1104,871,896]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="730" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
and more gracile in lateral habitus, the mesosoma is lower in profile, with the mesoscutum and scutellum weakly curved (mesoscutum strongly convex and scutellum almost flat in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D709532FF9D1197FC26E80CFC68" box="[160,309,975,1000]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Monacon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestum">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE19532FF9D1197FC26E80CFC68" box="[160,309,975,1000]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">M. modestum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="61E22A769532FF9D1078FC26E88CFC68" box="[335,437,975,1000]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[151,216,1609,1632]" captionTargetBox="[158,1148,137,1593]" captionTargetId="figure-3@6.[158,1148,137,1593]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Monacon gawai n.sp. (a) Lateral habitus. (b) Dorsal habitus. (c) Head, frontal. (d) Head, dorsal. (e) Head oblique. (f) Lateral pronotum and prepectus. (g) Scutellum, lateral view. (h) Metasoma and ovipositor, lateral view (Inset: apex of ovipositor, dorsal view). (a, b, f, g) Holotype, ROME176835. (c) Paratype, ROME179712. (d, e) Paratype, ROME139712. (h) Paratype, ROME179752." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290500/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">Figures 2</figureCitation>
|
||
(a), 3(a) (inset),
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE19532FF9D1350FC26EB91FC68" box="[615,680,975,1000]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">versus</emphasis>
|
||
<figureCitation id="61E22A769532FF9D1385FC26EA36FC68" box="[690,783,975,1000]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1617,1640]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,673,1585]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[163,1153,673,1585]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Monacon species comparisons. (a) M. modestum Bouček. Holotype and labels (Insets, Monacon gawai n.sp. Above, fore wing (Paratype ROME179712); Below, lateral mesosoma (Paratype ROME179735)). (b and c) Monacon gawai n.sp., fore wing and venation.(b) Paratype female. (c) Female from Gunung Buda (Note: thickened band below marginal vein)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290502/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
(a)). In addition, the fore wing is lighter in colour in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D709532FF9D1040FC1BE8E2FB8B" authorityName="Darling & Tatarnic" authorityYear="2020" box="[375,475,1010,1035]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Monacon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gawai">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE19532FF9D1040FC1BE8E2FB8B" box="[375,475,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">M. gawai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, not infuscate as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D709532FF9D1388FC1BEA6BFB8B" box="[703,850,1010,1035]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Monacon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestum">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE19532FF9D1388FC1BEA6BFB8B" box="[703,850,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">M. modestum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="61E22A769532FF9D1255FC1BEAF0FB8B" box="[866,969,1010,1035]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[151,216,1609,1632]" captionTargetBox="[158,1148,137,1593]" captionTargetId="figure-3@6.[158,1148,137,1593]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Monacon gawai n.sp. (a) Lateral habitus. (b) Dorsal habitus. (c) Head, frontal. (d) Head, dorsal. (e) Head oblique. (f) Lateral pronotum and prepectus. (g) Scutellum, lateral view. (h) Metasoma and ovipositor, lateral view (Inset: apex of ovipositor, dorsal view). (a, b, f, g) Holotype, ROME176835. (c) Paratype, ROME179712. (d, e) Paratype, ROME139712. (h) Paratype, ROME179752." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290500/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">Figures 2</figureCitation>
|
||
(b), 3(a(inset),b,c)
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE19532FF9D1197FBFDE9D8FBAD" box="[160,225,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">versus</emphasis>
|
||
<figureCitation id="61E22A769532FF9D11DFFBFDE87BFBAD" box="[232,322,1044,1069]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1617,1640]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,673,1585]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[163,1153,673,1585]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Monacon species comparisons. (a) M. modestum Bouček. Holotype and labels (Insets, Monacon gawai n.sp. Above, fore wing (Paratype ROME179712); Below, lateral mesosoma (Paratype ROME179735)). (b and c) Monacon gawai n.sp., fore wing and venation.(b) Paratype female. (c) Female from Gunung Buda (Note: thickened band below marginal vein)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290502/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
(a)).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F96636F39532FF9D11F7FBDEEDBDFB5B" blockId="8.[160,1156,142,1243]" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">
|
||
The only species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D709532FF9D10AAFBDEEB38FBD0" authorityName="Waterston" authorityYear="1922" box="[413,513,1079,1104]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Monacon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE19532FF9D10AAFBDEEB38FBD0" box="[413,513,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">Monacon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="81CE76639532FF9D138FFBDEEA2AFBD0" box="[696,787,1079,1104]" name="Malaysia" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
|
||
is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D709532FF9D1204FBDEED0EFBD0" authority="(Cameron)" baseAuthorityName="Cameron" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[819,1079,1079,1104]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Monacon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE19532FF9D1204FBDEEA82FBD0" box="[819,955,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">M. spinifrons</emphasis>
|
||
(Cameron)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Based on key and description in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9D484B029532FF9D10E2FBB3EB4EFBF3" author="Boucek Z" box="[469,631,1114,1139]" pageId="8" pageNumber="730" pagination="73 - 96" refId="ref5369" refString="Boucek Z. 1980. A revision of the genus Monacon Waterston (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Perilampinae), parasites of ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Platypodidae). Bull Ent Res. 70: 73 - 96. doi: 10.1017 / S 0007485300009792." type="journal article" year="1980">Bouček (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the drawing of the lateral view of the head (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9D484B029532FF9D1192FB95E86AFB15" author="Waterston J" box="[165,339,1148,1173]" pageId="8" pageNumber="730" pagination="51 - 94" refId="ref6023" refString="Waterston J. 1922. On Chalcidoidea. (Mainly bred at Dehra Dun, U. P., from pests of Sal, Toon, Chir and Sundri). Indian For Rec. 9: 51 - 94." type="journal article" year="1922">Waterston 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Fig. 17), and a specimen determined by Bouček, this species is regarded as distinct from both
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE19532FF9D105BFB76EBAFFB38" box="[364,662,1183,1208]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D709532FF9D105BFB76E8C7FB38" box="[364,510,1183,1208]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Monacon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestum">M. modestum</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D709532FF9D1303FB76EBAFFB38" authorityName="Darling & Tatarnic" authorityYear="2020" box="[564,662,1183,1208]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Monacon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gawai">M. gawai</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. The horn of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D709532FF9D121FFB76EA97FB38" baseAuthorityName="Cameron" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[808,942,1183,1208]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Monacon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE19532FF9D121FFB76EA97FB38" box="[808,942,1183,1208]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">M. spinifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is much broader at the base in lateral view, more triangular, and the clypeus is densely sculptured and setose.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B1C365789532FF9D1197FAEFEB60FA2B" pageId="8" pageNumber="730" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="F96636F39532FF9D1197FAEFE824FAA0" blockId="8.[160,1156,1286,1451]" box="[160,285,1286,1312]" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE19532FF9D1197FAEFE824FAA0" bold="true" box="[160,285,1286,1312]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F96636F39532FF9D1197FAC3EB60FA2B" blockId="8.[160,1156,1286,1451]" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">
|
||
The specific epithet is a reference to Gawai Dayak, the annual harvest festival celebrated by the Dayaks of Borneo. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="266288519532FF9D1336FAA5EB0AFAE5" box="[513,563,1356,1381]" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material was collected in the vicinity of Iban longhouses, during or leading up to Gawai with the assistance of the Iban of Nanga Delok and Nanga Talong.
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE19532FF9D107DFA7BEB60FA2B" box="[330,601,1426,1451]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">Terima kasih amai amai!</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B1C365789532FF9C1197FA3FEA6CFE8F" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="731" pageId="8" pageNumber="730" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="F96636F39532FF9D1197FA3FE815FA70" blockId="8.[160,1156,1494,1728]" box="[160,300,1494,1520]" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE19532FF9D1197FA3FE815FA70" bold="true" box="[160,300,1494,1520]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F96636F39532FF9C1197FA13EA6CFE8F" blockId="8.[160,1156,1494,1728]" lastBlockId="9.[160,1155,142,271]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="731" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D709532FF9D1197FA13E868F993" authorityName="Darling & Tatarnic" authorityYear="2020" box="[160,337,1530,1555]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Monacon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="730" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gawai">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE19532FF9D1197FA13E868F993" box="[160,337,1530,1555]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">Monacon gawai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from Borneo. The type material is restricted to the specimens from the two longhouses in Sri Aman Division,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="81CE76639532FF9D13C7F9F4EA74F9B6" box="[752,845,1565,1590]" name="Malaysia" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
|
||
because COI sequences are only available from these two localities. These sequences, when aligned with ClustalW, had different bases at 4 of 411 sites, or a 99% similarity. COI sequences are not available for the specimens from Gunung Buda, Sarawak or
|
||
<collectingCountry id="81CE76639532FF9D13FAF96CEA05F91E" box="[717,828,1669,1694]" name="Indonesia" pageId="8" pageNumber="730">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In addition, these specimens have a thickened band below the marginal vein that is not found in any of the type specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="61E22A769533FF9C1010FF67E8BFFF27" box="[295,390,142,167]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1617,1640]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,673,1585]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[163,1153,673,1585]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Monacon species comparisons. (a) M. modestum Bouček. Holotype and labels (Insets, Monacon gawai n.sp. Above, fore wing (Paratype ROME179712); Below, lateral mesosoma (Paratype ROME179735)). (b and c) Monacon gawai n.sp., fore wing and venation.(b) Paratype female. (c) Female from Gunung Buda (Note: thickened band below marginal vein)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290502/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="731">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
(c) cf.
|
||
<figureCitation id="61E22A769533FF9C10FAFF67EB14FF27" box="[461,557,142,167]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1617,1640]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,673,1585]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[163,1153,673,1585]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Monacon species comparisons. (a) M. modestum Bouček. Holotype and labels (Insets, Monacon gawai n.sp. Above, fore wing (Paratype ROME179712); Below, lateral mesosoma (Paratype ROME179735)). (b and c) Monacon gawai n.sp., fore wing and venation.(b) Paratype female. (c) Female from Gunung Buda (Note: thickened band below marginal vein)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290502/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="731">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
(b)). Otherwise, the specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D709533FF9C1287FF67ED2EFF27" authorityName="Darling & Tatarnic" authorityYear="2020" box="[944,1047,142,167]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Monacon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="731" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gawai">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE19533FF9C1287FF67ED2EFF27" box="[944,1047,142,167]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="731">M. gawai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are morphologically very similar.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D709533FF9C108AFF58EBA7FF4A" box="[445,670,177,202]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Monacon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="731" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestum">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE19533FF9C108AFF58EBA7FF4A" box="[445,670,177,202]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="731">Monacon modestum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not recorded from Borneo and is known from only three specimens, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="266288519533FF9C132EFF3DEB44FF6D" box="[537,637,212,237]" pageId="9" pageNumber="731" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
female (peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="81CE76639533FF9C1250FF3DEAF0FF6D" box="[871,969,212,237]" name="Malaysia" pageId="9" pageNumber="731">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="61E22A769533FF9C12D6FF3DED78FF6D" box="[993,1089,212,237]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1617,1640]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,673,1585]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[163,1153,673,1585]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Monacon species comparisons. (a) M. modestum Bouček. Holotype and labels (Insets, Monacon gawai n.sp. Above, fore wing (Paratype ROME179712); Below, lateral mesosoma (Paratype ROME179735)). (b and c) Monacon gawai n.sp., fore wing and venation.(b) Paratype female. (c) Female from Gunung Buda (Note: thickened band below marginal vein)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290502/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="731">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
), and a female and male
|
||
<typeStatus id="266288519533FF9C104FFF1FE8E5FE8F" box="[376,476,246,271]" pageId="9" pageNumber="731" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="81CE76639533FF9C137BFF1FEBFEFE8F" box="[588,711,246,271]" name="Philippines" pageId="9" pageNumber="731">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<location id="FC0660289533FF9C13E2FF1FEA72FE8F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:717087E5953FFF9F1076FBAEEA29FBF3:FC0660289533FF9C13E2FF1FEA72FE8F" box="[725,843,246,271]" country="Malaysia" name="Mindanao" pageId="9" pageNumber="731">Mindanao</location>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B1C365789533FF9C1197FEA2EB1BFD62" pageId="9" pageNumber="731" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="F96636F39533FF9C1197FEA2E85CFEE5" blockId="9.[160,1156,331,738]" box="[160,357,331,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="731">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE19533FF9C1197FEA2E85CFEE5" bold="true" box="[160,357,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="731">Host Association</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F96636F39533FF9C1197FE87EB1BFD62" blockId="9.[160,1156,331,738]" pageId="9" pageNumber="731">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="266288519533FF9C11E4FE87E80EFE07" box="[211,311,366,391]" pageId="9" pageNumber="731" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and 22 of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="266288519533FF9C10DFFE87EB6FFE07" box="[488,598,366,391]" pageId="9" pageNumber="731" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
were collected in association with the ambrosia beetle
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D709533FF9C11DBFE78EBA0FE2A" authority="(Schedl)" baseAuthorityName="Schedl" box="[236,665,401,426]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Dinoplatypus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="731" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudocupulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE19533FF9C11DBFE78EB03FE2A" box="[236,570,401,426]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="731">Dinoplatypus pseudocupulatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Schedl)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(identification by Roger Beaver,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3B1DF8119533FF9C1537FE78EDB9FE2A" box="[1024,1152,401,426]" country="Thailand" name="Chiang Mai" pageId="9" pageNumber="731">Chiang Mai</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="81CE76639533FF9C1197FE5DE83DFE4D" box="[160,260,436,461]" name="Thailand" pageId="9" pageNumber="731">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
). High-resolution digital images of a male (ROME179937) and female (ROME179376) are archived in the ROM’s online collection. A COI sequence (BOLD CDROM009-19, 696 bp) was obtained for ROME179938 and there is 98.3% similarity to a specimen of this species from Lambir NP (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="81CE76639533FF9C13BAFDF5EBD7FDB5" box="[653,750,540,565]" name="Malaysia" pageId="9" pageNumber="731">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
|
||
) (GenBank Acc.
|
||
<accessionNumber id="E68AAB109533FF9C1294FDF5ED2BFDB5" box="[931,1042,540,565]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KR261319" pageId="9" pageNumber="731">KR261319</accessionNumber>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="81CE76639533FF9C1528FDF5EDB9FDB5" box="[1055,1152,540,565]" name="Malaysia" pageId="9" pageNumber="731">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Lambir NP)). The pinhole borers were associated with a fruit tree (
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE19533FF9C1284FDD7E82DFDFA" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="731">
|
||
rambai:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D709533FF9C1525FDD7E82DFDFA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Baccaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="731" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="motleyana">Baccaurea motleyana</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D709533FF9C1010FD88E8ECFDFA" authorityName="Martinov" authorityYear="1820" box="[295,469,609,634]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="731" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Phyllanthaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), which was healthy but cut down 3 months before the collections were made. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="266288519533FF9C10DAFD6DEB62FD1D" box="[493,603,644,669]" pageId="9" pageNumber="731" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
from Nanga Talong were also associated with a fruit tree (durian,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D709533FF9C10B6FD4FE884FD3F" box="[385,445,678,703]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Durio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="9" pageNumber="731" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE19533FF9C10B6FD4FE884FD3F" box="[385,445,678,703]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="731">Durio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D709533FF9C1311FD4FEB99FD3F" box="[550,672,678,703]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="9" pageNumber="731" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), which was recently cut down during the construction of a mini-hydro dam.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="ADA6667B9533FF9C1197F984EB12F93F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290505" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4290505" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290505/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="731" startId="9.[160,225,1645,1668]" targetBox="[163,1153,907,1614]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="F96636F39533FF9C1197F984EB12F93F" blockId="9.[160,1156,1645,1727]" pageId="9" pageNumber="731">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE19533FF9C1197F984E9C2F904" bold="true" box="[160,251,1645,1668]" pageId="9" pageNumber="731">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Micro-CT images of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D709533FF9C10FCF984EB5EF904" authority="Darling & Tatarnic, 2020" authorityName="Darling & Tatarnic" authorityYear="2020" box="[459,615,1645,1668]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Monacon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="731" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gawai" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE19533FF9C10FCF984EB5EF904" box="[459,615,1645,1668]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="731">Monacon gawai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D09E579A9533FF9C1358F984EBA4F904" box="[623,669,1645,1668]" pageId="9" pageNumber="731" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(ROME179753) (a) Lateral view of body. (b) Cutaway view of head, showing inner structure of horn. (c) Cross-section of abdomen with eggs. For interactive pdf see supplementary data.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B1C365789530FF9F1197FF67EA29FBF3" pageId="10" pageNumber="732" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="F96636F39530FF9F1197FF67E83FFF28" blockId="10.[160,1156,142,1139]" box="[160,262,142,168]" pageId="10" pageNumber="732">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE19530FF9F1197FF67E83FFF28" bold="true" box="[160,262,142,168]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="732">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F96636F39530FF9F1197FF5BEB83FE60" blockId="10.[160,1156,142,1139]" pageId="10" pageNumber="732">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D709530FF9F1197FF5BE869FF4B" authorityName="Darling & Tatarnic" authorityYear="2020" box="[160,336,178,203]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Monacon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="732" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gawai">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE19530FF9F1197FF5BE869FF4B" box="[160,336,178,203]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="732">Monacon gawai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D709530FF9F1344FF5BEA31FF4B" box="[627,776,178,203]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Monacon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="732" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestum">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE19530FF9F1344FF5BEA31FF4B" box="[627,776,178,203]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="732">M. modestum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Currently,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D709530FF9F12BFFF5BED25FF4B" box="[904,1052,178,203]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Monacon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="732" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestum">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE19530FF9F12BFFF5BED25FF4B" box="[904,1052,178,203]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="732">M. modestum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is poorly characterised in terms of morphological variation, geographic distribution, host associations, and there are no genetic data available. Until there are more collections from Borneo and peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="81CE76639530FF9F1080FEF3EB2EFEB3" box="[439,535,282,307]" name="Malaysia" pageId="10" pageNumber="732">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
in particular it will not be possible to evaluate the hypothesis that
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE19530FF9F106FFED5E8F4FED5" box="[344,461,316,341]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="732">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D709530FF9F106FFED5E887FED5" authorityName="Darling & Tatarnic" authorityYear="2020" box="[344,446,316,341]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Monacon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="732" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gawai">M. gawai</taxonomicName>
|
||
i
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
s a Borneo endemic. Should this species fall in synonymy, so be it, but the formal description of this species necessitates that this series of specimens, with
|
||
<typeStatus id="266288519530FF9F11EDFE6BE871FE1B" box="[218,328,386,411]" pageId="10" pageNumber="732" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
distributed in numerous collections, and high-quality digital images and COI sequences archived at the ROM and BOLD, will have to be evaluated in future taxonomic studies of Southeast Asian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D709530FF9F1379FE2EEB8DFE60" authorityName="Waterston" authorityYear="1922" box="[590,692,455,480]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Monacon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="732" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE19530FF9F1379FE2EEB8DFE60" box="[590,692,455,480]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="732">Monacon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F96636F39530FF9F11F7FE03EA29FBF3" blockId="10.[160,1156,142,1139]" pageId="10" pageNumber="732">
|
||
X-ray microtomography provided novel insights into the internal structure of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D709530FF9F152AFE03EDBAFD83" authorityName="Waterston" authorityYear="1922" box="[1053,1155,490,515]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Monacon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="732" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE19530FF9F152AFE03EDBAFD83" box="[1053,1155,490,515]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="732">Monacon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="61E22A769530FF9F119FFDE5E83DFDA5" box="[168,260,524,549]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1645,1668]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,907,1614]" captionTargetId="figure-189@9.[163,1153,907,1614]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Micro-CT images of Monacon gawai n.sp. (ROME179753) (a) Lateral view of body. (b) Cutaway view of head, showing inner structure of horn. (c) Cross-section of abdomen with eggs. For interactive pdf see supplementary data." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290505" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290505/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="732">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
and Supplemental Materials). The frontal horn is the most distinctive feature of all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ED94D709530FF9F100EFDC6E8A6FDC8" authorityName="Waterston" authorityYear="1922" box="[313,415,559,584]" class="Insecta" family="Perilampidae" genus="Monacon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="732" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBADEAE19530FF9F100EFDC6E8A6FDC8" box="[313,415,559,584]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="732">Monacon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and a horn on the supraclypeal area is unique to the genus and similarly developed in males and females. There has been little speculation on the function of the horn but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9D484B029530FF9F10F2FD9DEB5EFD0D" author="Boucek Z" box="[453,615,628,653]" pageId="10" pageNumber="732" pagination="73 - 96" refId="ref5369" refString="Boucek Z. 1980. A revision of the genus Monacon Waterston (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Perilampinae), parasites of ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Platypodidae). Bull Ent Res. 70: 73 - 96. doi: 10.1017 / S 0007485300009792." type="journal article" year="1980">Bouček (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that the horn, the enlarged scrobal cavities and additional facial features “are apparently designed for the reception and protection of the antennae” and therefore associated with the emergence of adults from the galleries deep in the heartwood. It has been assumed that the horn was a cuticular process, but tomography reveals that there are tissues entering the horn and that these tissues also involve the inner surface of the clypeus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="61E22A769530FF9F1235FCCBEA5BFCBB" box="[770,866,802,827]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1645,1668]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,907,1614]" captionTargetId="figure-189@9.[163,1153,907,1614]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Micro-CT images of Monacon gawai n.sp. (ROME179753) (a) Lateral view of body. (b) Cutaway view of head, showing inner structure of horn. (c) Cross-section of abdomen with eggs. For interactive pdf see supplementary data." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290505" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290505/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="732">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
(b), SM2). These could be glandular or sensory in function, which could suggest a role in host location. Females do not enter the galleries of the beetles but oviposit on the bark (
|
||
<figureCitation id="61E22A769530FF9F12A1FC8EEACAFC00" box="[918,1011,871,896]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1588,1611]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-3@3.[163,1153,142,1557]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Fieldwork at Nanga Delok longhouse. (a) Cut log of Baccaurea motleyana behind the Iban longhouse. (b) Log with pinhole borer wood and frass piles (white patches). (c) Bark plug removed, tunnels into heartwood. (d) Monacon female, investigating sawdust and frass. (e) Cutting discs for log dissections. (f) Pinhole borer galleries and blue stain fungi in heartwood. (g) Pinhole borer larva and pupa. (h) Pinhole borer larva and adult dissected from heartwood. Note blue staining of heartwood in (g and h)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290498" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290498/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="732">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
(d)) and the ovipositor is laterally compressed and has long setae toward the apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="61E22A769530FF9F12CBFC63ED67FC23" box="[1020,1118,906,931]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[151,216,1609,1632]" captionTargetBox="[158,1148,137,1593]" captionTargetId="figure-3@6.[158,1148,137,1593]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Monacon gawai n.sp. (a) Lateral habitus. (b) Dorsal habitus. (c) Head, frontal. (d) Head, dorsal. (e) Head oblique. (f) Lateral pronotum and prepectus. (g) Scutellum, lateral view. (h) Metasoma and ovipositor, lateral view (Inset: apex of ovipositor, dorsal view). (a, b, f, g) Holotype, ROME176835. (c) Paratype, ROME179712. (d, e) Paratype, ROME139712. (h) Paratype, ROME179752." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290500/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="732">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
(h)Inset). The first-instar or planidial larvae enter the galleries and locate the host (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9D484B029530FF9F1507FC45E851FC68" author="Darling DC & Roberts H" pageId="10" pageNumber="732" pagination="1768 - 1782" refId="ref5474" refString="Darling DC, Roberts H. 1999. Life history and larval morphology of Monacon (Hymenoptera: Perilampidae), parasitoids of ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Platypodidae). Can J Zool. 77: 1768 - 1782. doi: 10.1139 / z 99 - 155." type="journal article" year="1999">Darling and Roberts 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This is a risky strategy and may explain the large number of mature eggs in the abdomen of the female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="61E22A769530FF9F130EFC1BEBADFB8B" box="[569,660,1010,1035]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1645,1668]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,907,1614]" captionTargetId="figure-189@9.[163,1153,907,1614]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Micro-CT images of Monacon gawai n.sp. (ROME179753) (a) Lateral view of body. (b) Cutaway view of head, showing inner structure of horn. (c) Cross-section of abdomen with eggs. For interactive pdf see supplementary data." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290505" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290505/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="732">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
(c)). Also, striking was the size of the indirect flight muscles, in particular, the dorso-longitudinal muscles (SM
|
||
<figureCitation id="61E22A769530FF9F12ADFBFDEAC2FBAD" box="[922,1019,1044,1069]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1645,1668]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,907,1614]" captionTargetId="figure-189@9.[163,1153,907,1614]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Micro-CT images of Monacon gawai n.sp. (ROME179753) (a) Lateral view of body. (b) Cutaway view of head, showing inner structure of horn. (c) Cross-section of abdomen with eggs. For interactive pdf see supplementary data." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290505" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290505/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="732">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
(a)). A welldeveloped flight mechanism might be expected for a genus of parasitoids that attack hosts with patchy distributions in both time and space.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |