340 lines
50 KiB
XML
340 lines
50 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="BA4C7EA134558248C758D5A5383E0301">Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9C31D2343C68DFB0C61D522881448E9D">Ramalho, Laís V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CE471301DF85AEA2B4E476DB360CDD92">Taylor, Paul D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9E6D72B81B63CD734ECFA45999305FE0">Moraes, Fernando Coreixas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6A50B6E9E7BC080342629A0028D3AA04">Moura, Rodrigo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="27D38A284DBFB2B1968E773C73BA8D09">Amado-Filho, Gilberto M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6A79062AC48CA6495CBF85BF83629F98">Bastos, Alex C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="65D2F6EF52B21CFA2FE04CCA5B20B80D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D1DB93EAD34788BD08A0D8217F36C65C">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6CE056DDF4A3F04600696D6E0C38D786">2018-09-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="64B4D6AB1101275FDDE3AA99D6585D16">4483</mods:number>
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<treatment id="6C3EF226FFA97903FF43FBD5FC43FB7A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5952380" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148403545" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5952380" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C3EF226FFA97903FF43FBD5FC43FB7A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6C3EF226FFA97903FF43FBD5FC43FB7A" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="168" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">
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<subSubSection id="AC8D10BBFFA97902FF43FBD5FE10FB8C" pageId="12" pageNumber="167" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E4284330FFA97902FF43FBD5FE65FBEF" blockId="12.[151,469,1050,1110]" box="[151,469,1050,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">
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<heading id="BF60F45CFFA97902FF43FBD5FE65FBEF" bold="true" box="[151,469,1050,1077]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="167" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFA97902FF43FBD5FE65FBEF" bold="true" box="[151,469,1050,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">
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<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFA97902FF43FBD5FE3CFBEE" authority="Ramalho & Taylor & Moraes & Moura & Amado-Filho & Bastos, 2018" authorityName="Ramalho & Taylor & Moraes & Moura & Amado-Filho & Bastos" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,396,1050,1076]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Schizoporellidae" genus="Stylopoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="167" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="variabilis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFA97902FF43FBD5FE3CFBEE" bold="true" box="[151,396,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">Stylopoma variabilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="CDD02259FFA97902FE40FBD4FE65FBEF" box="[404,469,1051,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="167" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E4284330FFA97902FF43FBF2FE10FB8C" blockId="12.[151,469,1050,1110]" box="[151,416,1085,1110]" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">
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<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFA97902FF43FBF2FF10FB8C" bold="true" box="[151,160,1085,1110]" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">(</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="7CAC5FB5FFA97902FF74FBF2FEABFB8F" box="[160,283,1085,1110]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[258,1328,190,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[258,1329,189,1750]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of three bryozoan species. A–D. Parasmittina abrolhosensis n. sp. A. Detail of some autozooids showing the orifice, lyrula, condyles and three or four oral spine bases, and a lateral elongate avicularium. B. Detail of an elongate lateral avicularium with serrated rostrum. C. Detail of an autozooid showing the orifice with anvil, tall lyrula and a pair of condyles, and a large and spatulate avicularium. D. Detail of a fragment showing some fertile autozooids. E, F. Hemismittoidea asymmetrica n. sp. E. Detail of some autozooids showing the orifice with six and seven distal spines, large anvil-shaped lyrula, large and triangular avicularia, and a perforated ooecium. F. Detail of a fertile zooid showing a perforated ooecium and orifice with a pair of spines others, hidden by the ooecium. G, H: Stylopoma variabilis n. sp. G. Detail of a fragment showing autozooids and two elongate, spatulate interzooidal avicularia. H. Detail of the distal region of an autozooid showing the orifice with U-shaped sinus, condyles and small triangular lateral avicularium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437579/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">Figs 4G, H</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="7CAC5FB5FFA97902FEF2FBF2FEDCFB8F" box="[294,364,1085,1110]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1758,1780]" captionTargetBox="[261,1316,193,1732]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[261,1317,193,1732]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of five bryozoan species. A, B. Stylopoma variabilis n. sp. A. Detail of a small fragment showing some zooids and an ooecium. B. Frontal view of one ooecium showing the crescent-shaped aperture and the fused and asymmetrical labellum. C–E. Stylopoma hastata n. sp. C. Detail of part of the colony showing zooids and different kinds of avicularia: small and triangular lateral oral avicularia, two large and spear-shaped interzooidal avicularia, and a giant elongated and curved avicularium. D. Detail of the distal part of a zooid showing the orifice with U-shaped sinus, small condyles, and a triangular lateral avicularium. E. Detail of a giant avicularium with curved, elongate rostrum. F. Hippaliosina imperfecta, detail of two zooids with a pair of elongate distal avicularia. G. Utinga castanea, detail of the colony showing zooids with different kinds of avicularia and ooecia with a pair of small avicularia. H. Arthropoma cecilii, detail of fertile and infertile zooids showing orifices, perforate frontal walls and smooth ooecia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437581/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">5A, B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="7CAC5FB5FFA97902FEA3FBF1FE28FB8C" box="[375,408,1086,1110]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[210,1385,194,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[210,1386,193,1922]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 7. In situ underwater photographs of six bryozoan species recorded from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil. A, B. Steginoporella magnilabris. C. Reptadeonella bipartita. D. Celleporaria atlantica. E. Stylopoma variabilis n. sp. F. Utinga castanea. G. Arthropoma cecilii. Photos by Áthila Bertoncini/Rede Abrolhos." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437585/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">7E</figureCitation>
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)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AC8D10BBFFA97902FF43FBB1FC51FB4E" box="[151,993,1150,1173]" pageId="12" pageNumber="167" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="E4284330FFA97902FF43FBB1FC51FB4E" blockId="12.[151,993,1150,1173]" box="[151,993,1150,1173]" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">
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<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFA97902FF43FBB1FEB1FB4E" ID-CoL="84TXY" authorityName="Ramalho & Taylor & Moraes & Moura & Amado-Filho & Bastos" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,257,1150,1172]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Schizoporellidae" genus="Stylopoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="167" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFA97902FF43FBB1FEB1FB4E" box="[151,257,1150,1172]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">Stylopoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 1
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<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFA97902FEE9FBB1FE56FB4E" box="[317,486,1150,1173]" pageId="12" pageNumber="167" refId="ref20069" refString="Reis, V. M., Karez, C. S., Mariath, R., Moraes, F. C., Carvalho, R. T., Brasileiro, P. S., Bahia, R. G., Lotufo, T. M. C., Ramalho, L. V., Moura, R. L., Francini-Filho, R. B., Pereira-Filho, G. H., Thompson, F. L., Bastos, A. C., Salgado, L. T. & Amado-Filho, G. M. (2016) Carbonate production by benthic communities on shallow coralgal reefs of Abrolhos Bank, Brazil. PLoS ONE, 11 (4), e 0154417. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0154417" type="journal article">
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Reis
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||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFA97902FEA5FB4FFE2DFB4E" box="[369,413,1150,1173]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">et al</emphasis>
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., 2016
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
: Supplementary table;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFA97902FD1AFBB0FC3DFB4E" box="[718,909,1150,1173]" pageId="12" pageNumber="167" refId="ref16241" refString="Bastos, A. C., Moura, R. L., Moraes, F. C., Vieira, L. S., Braga, J. C., Ramalho, L. V., Amado-Filho, J. M., Magdalena, U. R. & Webster, J. M. (2018) Bryozoans are Major Modern Builders of South Atlantic Oddly Shaped Reefs. Scientific Reports, 8 (9638). 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 018 - 27961 - 6" type="journal article">
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||
Bastos
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||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFA97902FCCCFB4FFCF4FB4E" box="[792,836,1150,1173]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">et al</emphasis>
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., 2018
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
: table 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AC8D10BBFFA97902FF43FB0EFBF3FAFB" pageId="12" pageNumber="167" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="E4284330FFA97902FF43FB0EFBF3FAFB" blockId="12.[151,1436,1217,2034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">
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<materialsCitation id="54FF496DFFA97902FF43FB0EFCDDFB24" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913860706" collectingDate="2014-02" collectorName="Parcel dos Abrolhos & R. Moura & Amado-Filho" country="Brazil" elevation="4" location="Material" municipality="Abrolhos Bank" pageId="12" pageNumber="167" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFA97902FF43FB0EFE33FB00" bold="true" box="[151,387,1217,1242]" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">
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<location id="E14815EBFFA97902FF43FB0EFF4FFB00" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C3EF226FFA97903FF43FBD5FC43FB7A:E14815EBFFA97902FF43FB0EFF4FFB00" box="[151,255,1217,1242]" country="Brazil" municipality="Abrolhos Bank" name="Material" pageId="12" pageNumber="167" stateProvince="Bahia">Material</location>
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examined.
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</emphasis>
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<collectingMunicipality id="044CD94AFFA97902FE59FB0EFD8DFB00" box="[397,573,1217,1242]" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">Abrolhos Bank</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="26538DD2FFA97902FD9FFB0EFD3CFB00" box="[587,652,1217,1242]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">Bahia</collectingRegion>
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State,
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<collectingCountry id="9C8003A0FFA97902FD0BFB0EFC97FB00" box="[735,807,1217,1242]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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.
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<typeStatus id="3B2CFD92FFA97902FCE0FB0EFC11FB00" box="[820,929,1217,1242]" pageId="12" pageNumber="167" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: MNRJ-Bry1356,
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<collectorName id="496226E6FFA97902FBA1FB0EFAD0FB00" box="[1141,1376,1217,1242]" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">Parcel dos Abrolhos</collectorName>
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,
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</elevation>
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depth,
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<collectingDate id="806D9C18FFA97902FF3EFB2AFE28FB24" box="[234,408,1253,1278]" pageId="12" pageNumber="167" value="2014-02">
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<date id="902965F0FFA97902FF3EFB2AFE28FB24" box="[234,408,1253,1278]" pageId="12" pageNumber="167" value="2014-02">February 2014</date>
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</collectingDate>
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, col.
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<collectorName id="496226E6FFA97902FE35FB29FDE5FB27" box="[481,597,1254,1277]" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">R. Moura</collectorName>
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, G.
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<collectorName id="496226E6FFA97902FD59FB2AFC94FB24" box="[653,804,1253,1278]" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">Amado-Filho</collectorName>
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& A
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||
</materialsCitation>
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.
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||
<materialsCitation id="54FF496DFFA97902FCABFB29FBF3FAFB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913860721" collectingDate="2014-02" collectorName="Parcel dos Abrolhos & R. Moura & Amado-Filho & Bastos." country="Brazil" elevation="15" location="Bastos" pageId="12" pageNumber="167" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="paratype">
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<location id="E14815EBFFA97902FCABFB29FC7DFB27" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C3EF226FFA97903FF43FBD5FC43FB7A:E14815EBFFA97902FCABFB29FC7DFB27" box="[895,973,1254,1277]" country="Brazil" name="Bastos" pageId="12" pageNumber="167" stateProvince="Bahia">Bastos</location>
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;
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<typeStatus id="3B2CFD92FFA97902FC0BFB29FBF6FB24" box="[991,1094,1254,1278]" pageId="12" pageNumber="167" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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: MNRJ-Bry1354,
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<collectorName id="496226E6FFA97902FAF5FB2AFEB2FAF8" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">Parcel dos Abrolhos</collectorName>
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,
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|
||
<quantity id="236FEED5FFA97902FED9FAC6FEF6FAFB" box="[269,326,1289,1314]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="167" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
depth,
|
||
<collectingDate id="806D9C18FFA97902FE4DFAC6FDF0FAF8" box="[409,576,1289,1314]" pageId="12" pageNumber="167" value="2014-02">
|
||
<date id="902965F0FFA97902FE4DFAC6FDF0FAF8" box="[409,576,1289,1314]" pageId="12" pageNumber="167" value="2014-02">February 2014</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, col.
|
||
<collectorName id="496226E6FFA97902FDAFFAC5FD59FAFB" box="[635,745,1290,1313]" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">R. Moura</collectorName>
|
||
, G.
|
||
<collectorName id="496226E6FFA97902FCC0FAC6FC1BFAF8" box="[788,939,1289,1314]" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">Amado-Filho</collectorName>
|
||
& A.
|
||
<collectorName id="496226E6FFA97902FC25FAC5FBF3FAFB" box="[1009,1091,1290,1313]" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">Bastos.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AC8D10BBFFA97902FF13FAE2FE68FAB0" pageId="12" pageNumber="167" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="E4284330FFA97902FF13FAE2FE68FAB0" blockId="12.[151,1436,1217,2034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFA97902FF13FAE2FEFEFA9C" bold="true" box="[199,334,1325,1350]" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
From the Latin '
|
||
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFA97902FDDEFAE2FDC5FA9F" authorityName="Ramalho & Taylor & Moraes & Moura & Amado-Filho & Bastos" authorityYear="2018" box="[522,629,1325,1349]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Schizoporellidae" genus="Stylopoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="167" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="variabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFA97902FDDEFAE2FDC5FA9F" box="[522,629,1325,1349]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">variabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
', meaning 'variable, changeable', referring to the variability of the sinus shape (U- to funnel-shaped).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AC8D10BBFFA97902FF13FABAFD00FA20" pageId="12" pageNumber="167" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="E4284330FFA97902FF13FABAFD00FA20" blockId="12.[151,1436,1217,2034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFA97902FF13FABAFEF1FA54" bold="true" box="[199,321,1397,1422]" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Orifice wider than long with a narrow U- to funnel-shaped sinus; tab-like condyles extending almost to the sinus and ending in a downwardly curved rounded tip; lateral oral avicularia triangular with rostrum raised from the frontal surface; very frequent spatulate vicarious avicularia, variable in size and direction; ovicell globose with some pores on the ooecial surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AC8D10BBFFA97903FF13F9CAFF54FF0F" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="168" pageId="12" pageNumber="167" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="E4284330FFA97902FF13F9CAFF0AF828" blockId="12.[151,1436,1217,2034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFA97902FF13F9CAFEE9F9C4" bold="true" box="[199,345,1541,1566]" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Encrusting colonies, multilamellar. Red
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFA97902FCFFF9C9FCC8F9C7" box="[811,888,1542,1565]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="7CAC5FB5FFA97902FC5DF9CAFC51F9C4" box="[905,993,1541,1566]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[210,1385,194,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[210,1386,193,1922]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 7. In situ underwater photographs of six bryozoan species recorded from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil. A, B. Steginoporella magnilabris. C. Reptadeonella bipartita. D. Celleporaria atlantica. E. Stylopoma variabilis n. sp. F. Utinga castanea. G. Arthropoma cecilii. Photos by Áthila Bertoncini/Rede Abrolhos." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437585/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Autozooids rectangular to irregularly polygonal (471–646–862 µm long x 333–419–497 µm wide), initially disposed in quincunx but with the age the growth becomes irregular by frontal budding; frontal wall perforated by small circular pores inside depressions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7CAC5FB5FFA97902FF4BF9BEFF4EF950" box="[159,254,1649,1674]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[258,1328,190,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[258,1329,189,1750]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of three bryozoan species. A–D. Parasmittina abrolhosensis n. sp. A. Detail of some autozooids showing the orifice, lyrula, condyles and three or four oral spine bases, and a lateral elongate avicularium. B. Detail of an elongate lateral avicularium with serrated rostrum. C. Detail of an autozooid showing the orifice with anvil, tall lyrula and a pair of condyles, and a large and spatulate avicularium. D. Detail of a fragment showing some fertile autozooids. E, F. Hemismittoidea asymmetrica n. sp. E. Detail of some autozooids showing the orifice with six and seven distal spines, large anvil-shaped lyrula, large and triangular avicularia, and a perforated ooecium. F. Detail of a fertile zooid showing a perforated ooecium and orifice with a pair of spines others, hidden by the ooecium. G, H: Stylopoma variabilis n. sp. G. Detail of a fragment showing autozooids and two elongate, spatulate interzooidal avicularia. H. Detail of the distal region of an autozooid showing the orifice with U-shaped sinus, condyles and small triangular lateral avicularium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437579/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Orifice wider than long (96–111–123 µm long x 128–147–163 µm wide), anter circular and poster almost straight, narrow U- to funnel-shaped sinus; tab-like condyles extending to middle or more of the proximal border and ending in a downwardly curved rounded tip. Peristome low and rough textured (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7CAC5FB5FFA97902FB7AF976FABDF908" box="[1198,1293,1721,1746]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[258,1328,190,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[258,1329,189,1750]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of three bryozoan species. A–D. Parasmittina abrolhosensis n. sp. A. Detail of some autozooids showing the orifice, lyrula, condyles and three or four oral spine bases, and a lateral elongate avicularium. B. Detail of an elongate lateral avicularium with serrated rostrum. C. Detail of an autozooid showing the orifice with anvil, tall lyrula and a pair of condyles, and a large and spatulate avicularium. D. Detail of a fragment showing some fertile autozooids. E, F. Hemismittoidea asymmetrica n. sp. E. Detail of some autozooids showing the orifice with six and seven distal spines, large anvil-shaped lyrula, large and triangular avicularia, and a perforated ooecium. F. Detail of a fertile zooid showing a perforated ooecium and orifice with a pair of spines others, hidden by the ooecium. G, H: Stylopoma variabilis n. sp. G. Detail of a fragment showing autozooids and two elongate, spatulate interzooidal avicularia. H. Detail of the distal region of an autozooid showing the orifice with U-shaped sinus, condyles and small triangular lateral avicularium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437579/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">Figs 4H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="7CAC5FB5FFA97902FACEF976FAF0F908" box="[1306,1344,1721,1746]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1758,1780]" captionTargetBox="[261,1316,193,1732]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[261,1317,193,1732]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of five bryozoan species. A, B. Stylopoma variabilis n. sp. A. Detail of a small fragment showing some zooids and an ooecium. B. Frontal view of one ooecium showing the crescent-shaped aperture and the fused and asymmetrical labellum. C–E. Stylopoma hastata n. sp. C. Detail of part of the colony showing zooids and different kinds of avicularia: small and triangular lateral oral avicularia, two large and spear-shaped interzooidal avicularia, and a giant elongated and curved avicularium. D. Detail of the distal part of a zooid showing the orifice with U-shaped sinus, small condyles, and a triangular lateral avicularium. E. Detail of a giant avicularium with curved, elongate rostrum. F. Hippaliosina imperfecta, detail of two zooids with a pair of elongate distal avicularia. G. Utinga castanea, detail of the colony showing zooids with different kinds of avicularia and ooecia with a pair of small avicularia. H. Arthropoma cecilii, detail of fertile and infertile zooids showing orifices, perforate frontal walls and smooth ooecia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437581/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">5A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Single small (68–78–87 µm long) adventitious avicularium (sometimes absent), located laterally and near the proximal border of the orifice, directed latero-distally; rostrum rounded proximally with a short triangular rounded tip, raised above the frontal shield (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7CAC5FB5FFA97902FE17F8EAFDF6F8E4" box="[451,582,1829,1854]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[258,1328,190,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[258,1329,189,1750]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of three bryozoan species. A–D. Parasmittina abrolhosensis n. sp. A. Detail of some autozooids showing the orifice, lyrula, condyles and three or four oral spine bases, and a lateral elongate avicularium. B. Detail of an elongate lateral avicularium with serrated rostrum. C. Detail of an autozooid showing the orifice with anvil, tall lyrula and a pair of condyles, and a large and spatulate avicularium. D. Detail of a fragment showing some fertile autozooids. E, F. Hemismittoidea asymmetrica n. sp. E. Detail of some autozooids showing the orifice with six and seven distal spines, large anvil-shaped lyrula, large and triangular avicularia, and a perforated ooecium. F. Detail of a fertile zooid showing a perforated ooecium and orifice with a pair of spines others, hidden by the ooecium. G, H: Stylopoma variabilis n. sp. G. Detail of a fragment showing autozooids and two elongate, spatulate interzooidal avicularia. H. Detail of the distal region of an autozooid showing the orifice with U-shaped sinus, condyles and small triangular lateral avicularium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437579/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">Fig. 4G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Vicarious avicularia common, variable in size (315–545 µm long), tip spatulate, directed randomly; crossbar complete (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7CAC5FB5FFA97902FD1EF886FC97F8B8" box="[714,807,1865,1890]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[258,1328,190,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[258,1329,189,1750]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of three bryozoan species. A–D. Parasmittina abrolhosensis n. sp. A. Detail of some autozooids showing the orifice, lyrula, condyles and three or four oral spine bases, and a lateral elongate avicularium. B. Detail of an elongate lateral avicularium with serrated rostrum. C. Detail of an autozooid showing the orifice with anvil, tall lyrula and a pair of condyles, and a large and spatulate avicularium. D. Detail of a fragment showing some fertile autozooids. E, F. Hemismittoidea asymmetrica n. sp. E. Detail of some autozooids showing the orifice with six and seven distal spines, large anvil-shaped lyrula, large and triangular avicularia, and a perforated ooecium. F. Detail of a fertile zooid showing a perforated ooecium and orifice with a pair of spines others, hidden by the ooecium. G, H: Stylopoma variabilis n. sp. G. Detail of a fragment showing autozooids and two elongate, spatulate interzooidal avicularia. H. Detail of the distal region of an autozooid showing the orifice with U-shaped sinus, condyles and small triangular lateral avicularium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437579/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ovicell globose (470 µm long x 640 µm wide), with ooecial surface similar to frontal shield of the autozooid, some pores present and lacking avicularia; crescentic opening guarded by asymmetrical ‘crab claw-like’ extensions (one thin and the other thick) from either side of the base towards the midline of the aperture but not completely fused in the center, just touching each other (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7CAC5FB5FFA97902FAEAF87AFF1DF828" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1758,1780]" captionTargetBox="[261,1316,193,1732]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[261,1317,193,1732]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of five bryozoan species. A, B. Stylopoma variabilis n. sp. A. Detail of a small fragment showing some zooids and an ooecium. B. Frontal view of one ooecium showing the crescent-shaped aperture and the fused and asymmetrical labellum. C–E. Stylopoma hastata n. sp. C. Detail of part of the colony showing zooids and different kinds of avicularia: small and triangular lateral oral avicularia, two large and spear-shaped interzooidal avicularia, and a giant elongated and curved avicularium. D. Detail of the distal part of a zooid showing the orifice with U-shaped sinus, small condyles, and a triangular lateral avicularium. E. Detail of a giant avicularium with curved, elongate rostrum. F. Hippaliosina imperfecta, detail of two zooids with a pair of elongate distal avicularia. G. Utinga castanea, detail of the colony showing zooids with different kinds of avicularia and ooecia with a pair of small avicularia. H. Arthropoma cecilii, detail of fertile and infertile zooids showing orifices, perforate frontal walls and smooth ooecia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437581/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="167">Fig. 5A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E4284330FFA87903FF13FF58FF54FF0F" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="13" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFA87903FF13FF58FE41FF6A" bold="true" box="[199,497,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="168">Geographic distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFA87903FC4BFF58FBECFF6A" box="[927,1116,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="168" refId="ref20069" refString="Reis, V. M., Karez, C. S., Mariath, R., Moraes, F. C., Carvalho, R. T., Brasileiro, P. S., Bahia, R. G., Lotufo, T. M. C., Ramalho, L. V., Moura, R. L., Francini-Filho, R. B., Pereira-Filho, G. H., Thompson, F. L., Bastos, A. C., Salgado, L. T. & Amado-Filho, G. M. (2016) Carbonate production by benthic communities on shallow coralgal reefs of Abrolhos Bank, Brazil. PLoS ONE, 11 (4), e 0154417. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0154417" type="journal article">
|
||
Reis
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFA87903FC08FF56FBA0FF6A" box="[988,1040,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="168">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFA87903FBBEFF57FA8DFF6A" box="[1130,1341,152,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="168" refId="ref16241" refString="Bastos, A. C., Moura, R. L., Moraes, F. C., Vieira, L. S., Braga, J. C., Ramalho, L. V., Amado-Filho, J. M., Magdalena, U. R. & Webster, J. M. (2018) Bryozoans are Major Modern Builders of South Atlantic Oddly Shaped Reefs. Scientific Reports, 8 (9638). 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 018 - 27961 - 6" type="journal article">
|
||
Bastos
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFA87903FB6AFF56FB42FF6A" box="[1214,1266,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="168">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; present study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AC8D10BBFFA87903FF13FF10FBF2FCCF" pageId="13" pageNumber="168" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="E4284330FFA87903FF13FF10FD07FE9A" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="13" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFA87903FF13FF10FE8BFF22" bold="true" box="[199,315,223,248]" pageId="13" pageNumber="168">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Four species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFA87903FDD7FF2FFDC8FF22" authorityName="Ramalho & Taylor & Moraes & Moura & Amado-Filho & Bastos" authorityYear="2018" box="[515,632,224,248]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Schizoporellidae" genus="Stylopoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="168" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFA87903FDD7FF2FFDC8FF22" box="[515,632,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="168">Stylopoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been recorded from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9C8003A0FFA87903FC64FF10FC49FF22" box="[944,1017,223,248]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="168">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFA87903FBD3FF2FFAC8FF22" authority="Winston et al., 2014" authorityName="Winston et al." authorityYear="2014" box="[1031,1400,223,248]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Schizoporellidae" genus="Stylopoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="168" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="carioca">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFA87903FBD3FF2FFBCDFF2D" box="[1031,1149,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="168">S. carioca</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFA87903FB53FF10FAC8FF22" box="[1159,1400,223,248]" pageId="13" pageNumber="168" refId="ref21457" refString="Winston, J. E., Vieira, L. M. & Woollacott, R. M. (2014) Scientific results of the Hassler Expedition. Bryozoa. No. 2. Brazil. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 161 (5), 139 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.3099 / MCZ 14.1" type="journal article">
|
||
Winston
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFA87903FB3BFF2EFA93FF22" box="[1263,1315,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="168">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFA87903FA53FF2FFE47FEC6" authority="Winston et al., 2014" authorityName="Winston et al." authorityYear="2014" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Schizoporellidae" genus="Stylopoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="168" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rotundum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFA87903FA53FF2FFEB3FEC6" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="168">S. rotundum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFA87903FED8FECBFE47FEC6" box="[268,503,260,285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="168" refId="ref21457" refString="Winston, J. E., Vieira, L. M. & Woollacott, R. M. (2014) Scientific results of the Hassler Expedition. Bryozoa. No. 2. Brazil. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 161 (5), 139 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.3099 / MCZ 14.1" type="journal article">
|
||
Winston
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFA87903FEA6FECAFE15FEC6" box="[370,421,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="168">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFA87903FDD7FECBFC71FEC6" authority="Canu & Bassler, 1928 a" authorityName="Canu & Bassler" authorityYear="1928" box="[515,961,260,285]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Schizoporellidae" genus="Stylopoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="168" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="aurantiacum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFA87903FDD7FECBFD00FEC6" box="[515,688,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="168">S. aurantiacum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFA87903FD6DFECBFC71FEC6" box="[697,961,260,285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="168" refId="ref17050" refString="Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S. (1928 a) Bryozoaires du Bresil. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences de Seine-et-Oise, 9, 58 - 110." type="journal article">Canu & Bassler, 1928a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFA87903FC2FFECBFA99FEC7" authority="(Pallas, 1766)" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[1019,1321,260,285]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Schizoporellidae" genus="Stylopoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="168" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spongites">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFA87903FC2FFECBFB33FEC6" box="[1019,1155,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="168">S. spongites</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFA87903FB40FECBFA90FEC7" box="[1172,1312,260,285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="168" refId="ref19903" refString="Pallas, P. S. (1766) Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrationes generaliores et speciarum cognitarum succintas descriptiones cum selectis auctorus synonymis. Petrum van Cleef, Hagae-Comitum, 451 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6595" type="book">Pallas, 1766</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFA87903FAEDFECBFF63FE9A" pageId="13" pageNumber="168" refId="ref20746" refString="Tilbrook, K. J. (2001) Indo-West Pacific species of the genus Stylopoma Levinsen, 1909 (Bryozoa: Cheilostomea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 131 (1), 1 - 34. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / zjls. 2000.0248" type="journal article">Tilbrook 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFA87903FF09FEE8FE0CFE9A" box="[221,444,295,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="168" refId="ref21457" refString="Winston, J. E., Vieira, L. M. & Woollacott, R. M. (2014) Scientific results of the Hassler Expedition. Bryozoa. No. 2. Brazil. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 161 (5), 139 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.3099 / MCZ 14.1" type="journal article">
|
||
Winston
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFA87903FE96FEE6FEC3FE9A" box="[322,371,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="168">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFA87903FE1CFEE8FD1BFE9A" box="[456,683,295,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="168" refId="ref15850" refString="Almeida, A. C. S., Souza, F. B. C., Menegola, C. & Vieira, L. M. (2017) Diversity of marine bryozoans inhabiting demosponges in northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 4290 (2), 281 - 323. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4290.2.3" type="journal article">
|
||
Almeida
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFA87903FDFBFEE6FDD1FE9A" box="[559,609,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="168">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E4284330FFA87903FF13FE83FBF2FCCF" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="13" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFA87903FF13FE83FE2AFEBE" box="[199,410,332,356]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Schizoporellidae" genus="Stylopoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="168" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="carioca">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFA87903FF13FE83FE2AFEBE" box="[199,410,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="168">Stylopoma carioca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a frontal shield with a porous, rough texture, ribbed calcification and an umbo at the centre of the zooid, an orifice almost as long as wide with a small tab-like condyle, small funnel-shaped median sinus, frontal avicularia which lie flat against the frontal shield surface, and an ooecium with ribs between the marginal pores.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFA87903FE85FE77FD8CFE0A" box="[337,572,440,464]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Schizoporellidae" genus="Stylopoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="168" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rotundum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFA87903FE85FE77FD8CFE0A" box="[337,572,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="168">Stylopoma rotundum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the Abrolhos specimens in the rounded frontal avicularia and orifice with thick condyles ending in blunt, downwardly curved hooks.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFA87903FC00FE13FB0EFE2E" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[980,1214,476,500]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Schizoporellidae" genus="Stylopoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="168" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spongites">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFA87903FC00FE13FB0EFE2E" box="[980,1214,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="168">Stylopoma spongites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has smaller zooids (510 µm long x 360 µm wide), an orifice almost as long as wide (100 µm long x 120 µm wide), an anter with sparsely denticulate inner rim, and tall condyles covering a small portion of the proximal margin. There are two kinds of vicarious avicularia: one with a spatulate mandible and the other with a pointed mandible. The labellum is fused to the ooecium leaving a crescent lumen.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFA87903FD1FFDA3FC6BFD5E" authorityName="Canu & Bassler" authorityYear="1928" box="[715,987,620,644]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Schizoporellidae" genus="Stylopoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="168" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="aurantiacum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFA87903FD1FFDA3FC6BFD5E" box="[715,987,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="168">Stylopoma aurantiacum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the most similar species, but it has smaller autozooids (501 µm long x 423 µm wide) with slightly ribbed calcification and a raised umbo at the centre of the zooid, an orifice as long as wide (120 µm long x 128 µm wide) with a funnel-shaped sinus and commashaped condyles, and lacks interzooidal avicularia; the ovicell is large (581 µm long x 648 µm wide), covering parts of several zooids, with ribs between the marginal pores on the ooecial surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AC8D10BBFFA87903FF13FCEFFC43FB7A" pageId="13" pageNumber="168" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="E4284330FFA87903FF13FCEFFA85FC37" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="13" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFA87903FF13FCEFFD4AFCE2" authority="Winston & Woollacott, 2009" authorityName="Winston & Woollacott" authorityYear="2009" box="[199,762,799,824]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Schizoporellidae" genus="Stylopoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="168" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="haywardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFA87903FF13FCEFFE1CFCE2" box="[199,428,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="168">Stylopoma haywardi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFA87903FE60FCD0FD4AFCE2" box="[436,762,799,824]" pageId="13" pageNumber="168" refId="ref21523" refString="Winston, J. E. & Woollacott, R. M. (2009) Scientific results of the Hassler Expedition. Bryozoa. N o. 1. Barbados. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 159 (5), 239 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.3099 / 0027 - 4100 - 159.5.239" type="journal article">Winston & Woollacott, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, described from Barbados, has a triangular oral avicularium but with a rostrum ending in a hooked tip, and broad straight condyles occupying almost the entire inner edges of the sinus.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFA87903FEDCFCA7FDC0FC5A" ID-CoL="7B2XK" authority="Winston, 2005" authorityName="Winston" authorityYear="2005" box="[264,624,871,896]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Schizoporellidae" genus="Stylopoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="168" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="smitti">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFA87903FEDCFCA7FE72FCA5" box="[264,450,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="168">Stylopoma smitti</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFA87903FE1DFCA8FDC0FC5A" box="[457,624,871,896]" pageId="13" pageNumber="168" refId="ref21261" refString="Winston, J. E. (2005) Re-description and revision of Smitt's " Floridan Bryozoa " in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. Virginia Museum of Natural History Memoir, 7, 1 - 147. [with an annotated catalogue of specimens collected by L. F. de Pourtales in Florida and Carolina, housed at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University]" type="journal article">Winston, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, described from Florida, shares with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFA87903FBC4FCA7FB28FC5A" authority="Ramalho & Taylor & Moraes & Moura & Amado-Filho & Bastos, 2018" authorityName="Ramalho & Taylor & Moraes & Moura & Amado-Filho & Bastos" authorityYear="2018" box="[1040,1176,872,896]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Schizoporellidae" genus="Stylopoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="168" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="variabilis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFA87903FBC4FCA7FBAEFCA5" box="[1040,1054,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="168">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFA87903FBF8FCA7FB28FC5A" box="[1068,1176,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="168">variabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CDD02259FFA87903FB4AFCA8FB6DFC5A" box="[1182,1245,871,896]" pageId="13" pageNumber="168" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFA87903FB4AFCA8FB6DFC5A" bold="true" box="[1182,1245,871,896]" pageId="13" pageNumber="168">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
a similar-shaped orifice and triangular avicularia but can be distinguished by the deeply slit, round-bottomed, almost tear-drop shaped sinus, broad condyles extending almost to the sinus and occasional thickened denticles or tabs on the inner edges of the spatulate avicularia, as well as triangular avicularia on the frontal shield or below the orifice.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E4284330FFA87903FF13FC38FC43FB7A" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="13" pageNumber="168">
|
||
According to bryozoa.net (accessed
|
||
<date id="902965F0FFA87903FDBCFC37FD58FBCA" box="[616,744,1016,1040]" pageId="13" pageNumber="168" value="2018-01-03">01.03.2018</date>
|
||
) there are almost 40 species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFA87903FB8FFC37FB60FBCA" ID-CoL="84TXY" authorityName="Ramalho & Taylor & Moraes & Moura & Amado-Filho & Bastos" authorityYear="2018" box="[1115,1232,1016,1040]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Schizoporellidae" genus="Stylopoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="168" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFA87903FB8FFC37FB60FBCA" box="[1115,1232,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="168">Stylopoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Most are extinct and from the Caribbean and Indo-Pacific. The characteristics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFA87903FCB9FBD3FC46FBEE" authority="Ramalho & Taylor & Moraes & Moura & Amado-Filho & Bastos, 2018" authorityName="Ramalho & Taylor & Moraes & Moura & Amado-Filho & Bastos" authorityYear="2018" box="[877,1014,1052,1076]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Schizoporellidae" genus="Stylopoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="168" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="variabilis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFA87903FCB9FBD3FC46FBEE" box="[877,1014,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="168">S. variabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CDD02259FFA87903FC29FBD3FB8DFBEF" box="[1021,1085,1052,1077]" pageId="13" pageNumber="168" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFA87903FC29FBD3FB8DFBEF" bold="true" box="[1021,1085,1052,1077]" pageId="13" pageNumber="168">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, orifice wider than long with a U- to funnel-shaped sinus, tab-like condyles ending in a downwardly curved tip, single triangular, lateral oral avicularium, vicarious avicularia variable in size with spatulate tip and ovicell globose with ooecial surface perforate and lacking avicularia, distinguish it from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFA87903FCCAFB47FC23FB7A" ID-CoL="84TXY" authorityName="Ramalho & Taylor & Moraes & Moura & Amado-Filho & Bastos" authorityYear="2018" box="[798,915,1160,1184]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Schizoporellidae" genus="Stylopoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="168" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFA87903FCCAFB47FC23FB7A" box="[798,915,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="168">Stylopoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |