144 lines
13 KiB
XML
144 lines
13 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.723.21817" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6bc1be25-3e21-4155-923d-17cdd4da91ef" ID-PMC="PMC5769721" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-723-11" ID-PubMed="29362525" ID-ZBK="E225ABBA0A1041A6A72B48EC74013CC6" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-723-11" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 723" ModsDocTitle="New species and records of terrestrial slugs from East Africa (Gastropoda, Urocyclidae, Veronicellidae, Agriolimacidae)" checkinTime="1513622325647" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Rowson, Ben, Paustian, Megan & Goethem, Jackie Van" docDate="2017" docId="4B0F5C50C1F378402C03E1C0722EF85A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 723: 11-42" docOrigin="ZooKeys 723" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.723.21817" docTitle="Dendrolimax parensis Rowson, Paustian & Goethem, 2017, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="9CF1B989-D277-4219-8DCD-532EA483E7A9" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="5202FFF2FFB7FFADFFBC2E48CD4BFFAE" masterDocTitle="New species and records of terrestrial slugs from East Africa (Gastropoda, Urocyclidae, Veronicellidae, Agriolimacidae)" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="11" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1668165221541" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>New species and records of terrestrial slugs from East Africa (Gastropoda, Urocyclidae, Veronicellidae, Agriolimacidae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Rowson, Ben</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Paustian, Megan</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Goethem, Jackie Van</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>723</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>11</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>42</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.723.21817</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.723.21817</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-723-11</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">E225ABBA0A1041A6A72B48EC74013CC6</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">E225ABBA0A1041A6A72B48EC74013CC6</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="139337031" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9CF1B989-D277-4219-8DCD-532EA483E7A9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B0F5C50C1F378402C03E1C0722EF85A" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="1" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/9CF1B989-D277-4219-8DCD-532EA483E7A9" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Dendrolimax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendrolimax parensis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="parensis">Dendrolimax parensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="12">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Figs 4-7, 22, 30-32, 50-54
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="12" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="12">Material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="12">
|
||
TANZANIA: Holotype NMW.Z.1998.003.00002: 1 ad., Chome FR (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="-4.3">4.30°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="37.96">37.96°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), South Pare Mts., Same District, forest at 1875 m alt., leg. CFN & CNL, 15 Jan. 1998 (sample IC). Paratype 1 NMW.Z.1998.003.00003: 1 ad., data as previous. Paratype 2 NMW.Z.1998.003.00004: 1 ad., Kindoroko FR (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="-3.75">3.75°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="37.64">37.64°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), North Pare Mts., Mwanga District, forest at 1620 m alt., leg. MBS & CFN, 19 Jan. 1998 (sample IC). Paratype 3 NMT: 1 ad., data as previous but leg. PT & CNL (sample IIC). Excluded from type series: 3 ad. (dried out), data as previous but 1820 m alt.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="12" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="12">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="12">
|
||
External appearance (Figs 4-5). (In preservation; living appearance not recorded other than
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“reddish”">"reddish"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, and "
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Limacidae" genus="Limax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limax" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Limax</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like"; but see Fig. 7). Very large (to 105 mm long), heavily-built slug, plain pale cream with black head and tentacles, lacking markings of any sort. Sole coloured as body, tripartite. Very strong, smooth, acute dorsal keel along whole length of tail, terminating in a short, blunt caudal appendage. Evident supraperipodial groove running parallel to strong peripodial groove as far as tail. Tail and flanks with large, smooth and fairly flat, tubercules. Mantle large (approx. 45% of body length) with cauliflower-like surface, with moderately-sized shell pore, attached at rear. Juveniles not known.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="12">Shell (Fig. 6). Fingernail-shaped, symmetrical, to 9 mm long, thin and weakly mineralised around the nucleus only.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="12">Jaw and radula (Figs 22, 30-32). Jaw with strong median projection. Radula with central tooth and up to 193 lateral and marginal teeth in a half-row, in about 150 rows. All teeth tricuspid but with mesocones pointed and by far the largest, other cusps tiny. No serrated outer edges to the outermost marginals.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="12">Genitalia (Figs 50-51). Visceral cavity does not quite reach tail (posterior 15-20% of body solid). No stimulator, no calc sac. Atrium very short, with internal folds. Penial complex consisting of: stout free penis; moderately long flagellum (axial thread not found); short epiphallus 1 and epiphallus 2, approximately equal in length; moderately long epiphallic caecum. Penial retractor muscle arising from diaphragm. Penial papilla with a double wall, and a smaller papilla inside; free penis also with a penial sheath. Vagina present, rather-thick walled, with weak internal folds. Bursa copulatrix duct robust, long, not pigmented or ornamented, internally with weak longitudinal pilasters; bursa voluminous, thin-walled, rounded apically. Oviductal gland large, quite thick-walled. Ovotestis sited anterior to albumen gland, albumen gland extending to near tail.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="12">Spermatophore (Figs 52-54). Three spermatophores from bursa of holotype, up to 30 mm long when coiled. Single short spur present near apical bend at junction between ampulla and tail. Ampulla smooth, slender, with 1.5-2 volutions, up to 25 mm long uncoiled. Tail thread-like, up to 35 mm long uncoiled, with a single keel of saw-like spines throughout.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="12" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="12">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="12">From the Pare Mts.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="12">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Recorded from remnant forest above 1600 m in the North and South Pare Mts., to which it is likely to be endemic. Both Pare blocks are geologically part of the Eastern Arc chain, lying adjacent to the West Usambara Mts. (which are part of the chain) and Mt. Kilimanjaro (which is not).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Verdcourt, B" journalOrPublisher="Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici" pageId="8" pageNumber="19" pagination="299 - 315" title="New and little known species of terrestrial Mollusca from East Africa and Congo (Kinshasa)." volume="96" year="2004">Verdcourt (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered the Pares malacologically understudied despite their proximity to better-known areas, and there are no previous slug records from the area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="12" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="12">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="12">
|
||
There are few Tanzanian species with which this large species can be confused. It keys to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="12" rank="tribe" tribe="Upembellini">Upembellini</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="12" rank="tribe" tribe="Dendrolimacini">Dendrolimacini</taxonomicName>
|
||
using
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="1" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Van
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Goethem’s">Goethem's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1977)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
key, based on the presence of a flagellum, the viscera almost reaching the tail, and the large size of the adult animal. The form of the jaw and radular teeth favour
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="12" rank="tribe" tribe="Dendrolimacini">Dendrolimacini</taxonomicName>
|
||
since there are more than Van
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Goethem’s">Goethem's</normalizedToken>
|
||
maximum for
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="12" rank="tribe" tribe="Upembellini">Upembellini</taxonomicName>
|
||
(120 teeth in a half-row). The vagina, large oviductal gland, and interior of the penis recall both
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Dendrolimax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendrolimax" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Dendrolimax</taxonomicName>
|
||
Heynemann, 1868 and the two species currently attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Upembella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Upembella" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Upembella</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. adami" pageId="1" pageNumber="12" rank="species" species="adami">U. adami</taxonomicName>
|
||
Van Goethem, 1969 from south-eastern DR Congo and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. nonae" pageId="1" pageNumber="12" rank="species" species="nonae">U. nonae</taxonomicName>
|
||
Rowson & Van Goethem, 2012 from the Udzungwa Mts. The Pare species differs from both
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Upembella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Upembella" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Upembella</taxonomicName>
|
||
species in the much shorter flagellum, and from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. nonae" pageId="1" pageNumber="12" rank="species" species="nonae">U. nonae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the simpler spermatophore. The most similar spermatophore figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="1" pageNumber="12">Van Goethem (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is that of the central African
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Dendrolimax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendrolimax osborni" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="osborni">Dendrolimax osborni</taxonomicName>
|
||
Pilsbry, 1919, although this apparently often lacks the apical spur on the spermatophore.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="12">
|
||
A photograph taken of a very large living slug in 2016 at Kindoroko FR (Fig. 7) may well show an example of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. parensis" pageId="1" pageNumber="12" rank="species" species="parensis">D. parensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Notably, the photograph indicates a violet mucus exuded from the tail (cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. leprosus" pageId="1" pageNumber="12" rank="species" species="leprosus">D. leprosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
above).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="12">This slug may have a role in traditional medicine. MBS, PT & CFN (pers. comm.) were told while collecting that members of the Pare (Wapare) ethnic group sometimes apply the mucus from slugs to human skin as a treatment for burns. We do not know which species are preferred, but this very large species seems a likely candidate.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |