1764 lines
254 KiB
XML
1764 lines
254 KiB
XML
<document id="6C9B869AE3E31A3B326E13B9133FA92F" ID-DOI="10.1093/mspecies/sead007" ID-ISSN="1545-1410" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10621078" ID-ZooBank="7ED7B9F8-DF5A-4416-9C6B-1731764BDA52" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1707139477146" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Huffman, Brent A., Leslie, David M. & Jr." docDate="2023" docId="35047F0BF035247CFF29FBE1FEE791F7" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpecies.55.1032.1-15.pdf" docOrigin="Mammalian Species 55 (1032)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:11688CB943E1F39F6E9CB61928A301BB.4:MammalSpecies.2016-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="11688CB943E1F39F6E9CB61928A301BB" docStyleName="MammalSpecies.2016-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Gazella leptoceros" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="C93D0773F0342474FFC3FFF2FFF09549" masterDocTitle="Gazella leptoceros (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)" masterLastPageNumber="15" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1707161413710" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="BAB035B7BA32E3D3732E3D620F9CB18D">
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<mods:title id="8AEDDD147CA8CD2CBEDD1D962ECE1047">Gazella leptoceros (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="0B18BEBC79EBA4076B63E7A11F9237C9" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="56047AD597763F9534D0BEC4494B415E">Huffman, Brent A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5EACA70A47B3DB7804DBD089B6FE199B">Leslie, David M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="BCCD1A2E391FDAECE22A101C8FFE07B7" type="personal">
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<mods:title id="241E1A8E647195CDEB59AD57F88305C0">Mammalian Species</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="121816BF0A8E70EDD7C5B789418D86EF">
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<mods:date id="9B250EF643E5B2FD53EF43E69F1CCDAE">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8575853A0100E114CD3D302C2B26A8F7">2023-09-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="260BDC1F1916323F67173058561F81AC">55</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="078C540FF20D552B589F0BAF0859A6D9">1032</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="83B18A8062BCAA15F49BA04FBC74D10A" type="DOI">10.1093/mspecies/sead007</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6F759558737B34BD680CE618BBB7AE41" type="ISSN">1545-1410</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="35047F0BF035247CFF29FBE1FEE791F7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:35047F0BF035247CFF29FBE1FEE791F7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/35047F0BF035247CFF29FBE1FEE791F7" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection id="F5B79D96F0352475FF29FBE1FDA6911E" pageId="1" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0352475FF29FBE1FD6C9164" blockId="1.[234,668,1043,1111]" box="[234,668,1043,1069]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">
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<heading id="E65A7971F0352475FF29FBE1FD6C9164" bold="true" box="[234,668,1043,1069]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="1" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0352475FF29FBE1FD6C9164" ID-CoL="3FG3G" authority="(F. Cuvier, 1842)" baseAuthorityName="F. Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[234,668,1043,1069]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="1" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
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||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0352475FF29FBE1FD6C9164" bold="true" box="[234,668,1043,1069]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0352475FF29FBE1FE369164" bold="true" box="[234,454,1043,1069]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">Gazella leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
(F.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0352475FE36FBE1FD629164" author="Cuvier" box="[501,658,1043,1069]" firstAuthor="Cuvier" pageId="1" pageNumber="1" pagination="72" refId="ref12952" refString="Cuvier F. 1842. Antilope a longue cornes. In: Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire E., Cuvier F., editors. Histoire naturelle des mammiferes: avec des figures originales, coloriees, dessinees d'apresdes animaux vivans. Tome 7, Livraison 72. Chez A. Blaise, Paris, France." type="book chapter" year="1842">Cuvier, 1842</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0352475FE99FBB2FDA6911E" blockId="1.[234,668,1043,1111]" box="[346,598,1088,1111]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">Slender-horned Gazelle</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F5B79D96F0352476FFAEFB87FF439429" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0352475FFAEFB87FD8A9045" blockId="1.[109,793,1141,1804]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">
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||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0352475FFAEFB87FE1791C5" authority="F. Cuvier, 1842" authorityName="F. Cuvier" authorityYear="1842" box="[109,487,1141,1164]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Antilope" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="1" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0352475FFAEFB87FECC91C5" box="[109,316,1141,1164]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">Antilope leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
F.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0352475FE9EFB87FE1791C5" author="Cuvier" box="[349,487,1141,1164]" firstAuthor="Cuvier" pageId="1" pageNumber="1" pagination="72" refId="ref12952" refString="Cuvier F. 1842. Antilope a longue cornes. In: Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire E., Cuvier F., editors. Histoire naturelle des mammiferes: avec des figures originales, coloriees, dessinees d'apresdes animaux vivans. Tome 7, Livraison 72. Chez A. Blaise, Paris, France." type="book chapter" year="1842">
|
||
Cuvier,
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0352475FE71FB87FE1791C5" box="[434,487,1141,1164]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.67868" pageId="1" pageNumber="1" unit="in" value="1842.0">1842</quantity>
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
|
||
<collectorName id="1058ABCBF0352475FDCAFB87FCE891C5" box="[521,792,1141,1164]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="1058ABCBF0352475FF13FB67FECA91E5" box="[208,314,1173,1196]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">
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||
F.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0352475FF33FB67FECA91E5" author="Cuvier" box="[240,314,1173,1196]" firstAuthor="Cuvier" page="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="1" pagination="72" refId="ref12952" refString="Cuvier F. 1842. Antilope a longue cornes. In: Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire E., Cuvier F., editors. Histoire naturelle des mammiferes: avec des figures originales, coloriees, dessinees d'apresdes animaux vivans. Tome 7, Livraison 72. Chez A. Blaise, Paris, France." type="book chapter" year="1842">Cuvier</bibRefCitation>
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||
</collectorName>
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||
, 1842:2, plates 73 and 374.
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||
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locality
|
||
<quote id="CF52390FF0352475FF5EFB47FCE89185" box="[157,792,1205,1228]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">
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||
“rapportés du Sennaar [= Sennar,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0352475FDD0FB47FDA89185" box="[531,600,1205,1228]" name="Sudan" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
] par
|
||
<collectorName id="1058ABCBF0352475FD50FB47FCFA9185" box="[659,778,1205,1228]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">M. Burton</collectorName>
|
||
;”
|
||
</quote>
|
||
corrected to
|
||
<quote id="CF52390FF0352475FEF6FB27FE729045" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">
|
||
“probably desert between
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F6900FFF0352475FDABFB27FD6A91A5" box="[616,666,1237,1260]" country="Egypt" name="Al Jizah" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">Giza</collectingRegion>
|
||
and Wadi Natron, lower
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0352475FEF4FB07FE899045" box="[311,377,1269,1292]" name="Egypt" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">Egypt</collectingCountry>
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”
|
||
</quote>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0352475FE68FB07FD869045" author="Flower" box="[427,630,1269,1292]" firstAuthor="Flower" page="438" pageId="1" pageNumber="1" pagination="368 - 450" refId="ref13563" refString="Flower S. S. 1932. Notes on the recent mammals of Egypt, with a list of the species recorded from that kingdom. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1932: 368 - 450." type="journal article" year="1932">
|
||
<location id="B87298C6F0352475FE68FB07FE069045" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:35047F0BF035247CFF29FBE1FEE791F7:B87298C6F0352475FE68FB07FE069045" box="[427,502,1269,1292]" country="Sudan" name="Flower" pageId="1" pageNumber="1" stateProvince="Al Jizah">Flower</location>
|
||
(1932:438)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0352475FFAEFAE7FE9B9005" blockId="1.[109,793,1141,1804]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="9DBDE933F0352475FFAEFAE7FE9B9005" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0352475FFAEFAE7FEB89065" authorityName="F. Cuvier" authorityYear="1842" box="[109,328,1301,1324]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Antilope" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="1" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros" subGenus="Gazella">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0352475FFB5FAE7FF399065" box="[118,201,1301,1324]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">Gazella</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0352475FF19FAE7FEB89065" box="[218,328,1301,1324]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3C0CE80CF0352475FE94FAE7FDCE9065" author="Temminck" box="[343,574,1301,1324]" page="193" pageId="1" pageNumber="1" year="1853">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0352475FE94FAE7FDCE9065" author="Temminck" box="[343,574,1301,1324]" firstAuthor="Temminck" page="193" pageId="1" pageNumber="1" refId="ref15833" refString="Temminck C. J. 1853. Esquisses zoologiques sur la cote de Guine. 1 e Partie, les Mammiferes. Chez E. J. Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands." type="book" year="1853">Temminck, 1853:193</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. First use of current name combination.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0352475FFAEFAA7FD9B90C5" blockId="1.[109,793,1141,1804]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9DBDE933F0352475FFAEFAA7FD9B90C5" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3C0CE80CF0352475FFAEFAA7FDB39025" author="Fitzinger" box="[109,579,1365,1388]" page="160" pageId="1" pageNumber="1" year="1869">
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||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0352475FFAEFAA7FDB39025" authority="Abu Harab Fitzinger, 1869: 160" authorityName="Abu Harab Fitzinger" authorityPageNumber="160" authorityYear="1869" box="[109,579,1365,1388]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Antilope" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="1" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0352475FFAEFAA7FE939025" box="[109,355,1365,1388]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">Leptoceros Abu Harab</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0352475FEAFFAA7FDB39025" author="Fitzinger" box="[364,579,1365,1388]" firstAuthor="Fitzinger" page="160" pageId="1" pageNumber="1" pagination="128 - 182" refId="ref13515" refString="Fitzinger L. J. von. 1869. Die Gattungen der Familie der Antilopen (Antilopae) nach ihrer naturlichen Verwandschaft. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wisseschaften. Mathematisch- Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, Abt. 1, Band LIX, Heft 2: 128 - 182." type="journal article" year="1869">Fitzinger, 1869:160</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="621670BFF0352475FD8DFAA7FD739025" box="[590,643,1365,1388]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
<quote id="CF52390FF0352475FD27FAA7FEA490C5" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">“Afr. Libysche Wüste”</quote>
|
||
(= Libyan desert, Africa).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0352475FFAEFA67FF1D9365" blockId="1.[109,793,1141,1804]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9DBDE933F0352475FFAEFA67FF1D9365" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">
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||
<treatmentCitation id="3C0CE80CF0352475FFAEFA67FDDF90E5" author="Fitzinger" box="[109,559,1429,1452]" page="160" pageId="1" pageNumber="1" year="1869">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0352475FFAEFA67FDDF90E5" authority="Cuvieri Fitzinger, 1869: 160" authorityName="Cuvieri Fitzinger" authorityPageNumber="160" authorityYear="1869" box="[109,559,1429,1452]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Antilope" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="1" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0352475FFAEFA67FEB290E5" box="[109,322,1429,1452]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">Leptoceros Cuvieri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0352475FE92FA67FDDF90E5" author="Fitzinger" box="[337,559,1429,1452]" firstAuthor="Fitzinger" page="160" pageId="1" pageNumber="1" pagination="128 - 182" refId="ref13515" refString="Fitzinger L. J. von. 1869. Die Gattungen der Familie der Antilopen (Antilopae) nach ihrer naturlichen Verwandschaft. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wisseschaften. Mathematisch- Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, Abt. 1, Band LIX, Heft 2: 128 - 182." type="journal article" year="1869">Fitzinger, 1869:160</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="621670BFF0352475FD82FA67FD8690E5" box="[577,630,1429,1452]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
<quote id="CF52390FF0352475FD27FA67FE4090A5" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">“Afr. Süd-Nubien, Bajuda Wüste, Berber, Setit, Taka, Senaar, Kordofän, Bahr-el-abiad”</quote>
|
||
(=
|
||
<location id="B87298C6F0352475FE1AFA27FDD590A5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:35047F0BF035247CFF29FBE1FEE791F7:B87298C6F0352475FE1AFA27FDD590A5" box="[473,549,1493,1516]" country="Sudan" municipality="Nile" name="Bajuda" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">Bajuda</location>
|
||
desert along the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="5D765467F0352475FD20FA27FCE490A5" box="[739,788,1493,1516]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">Nile</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, in what is now the region of northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0352475FD82FA07FD749345" box="[577,644,1525,1548]" name="Sudan" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0352475FF5EF9E7FF119365" box="[157,225,1557,1580]" name="Egypt" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0352475FFAEF9C7FD0C9325" blockId="1.[109,793,1141,1804]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9DBDE933F0352475FFAEF9C7FD0C9325" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3C0CE80CF0352475FFAEF9C7FE009305" author="Thomas" box="[109,496,1589,1612]" page="452" pageId="1" pageNumber="1" year="1894">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0352475FFAEF9C7FE009305" authority="Thomas, 1894 a: 452" authorityName="Thomas" authorityPageNumber="452" authorityYear="1894" box="[109,496,1589,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="1" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loderi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0352475FFAEF9C7FEFF9305" box="[109,271,1589,1612]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">Gazella Loderi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0352475FED4F9C7FE009305" author="Thomas" box="[279,496,1589,1612]" firstAuthor="Thomas" page="452" pageId="1" pageNumber="1" pagination="452" refId="ref15867" refString="Thomas O. 1894 a. Preliminary diagnosis of a new gazelle from Algeria. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6 13: 452." type="journal article" year="1894" yearSuffix="a">Thomas, 1894a:452</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="621670BFF0352475FE38F9C7FDC09305" box="[507,560,1589,1612]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
<quote id="CF52390FF0352475FD53F9C7FD6F9325" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">
|
||
“
|
||
<location id="B87298C6F0352475FD5AF9C7FEE29325" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:35047F0BF035247CFF29FBE1FEE791F7:B87298C6F0352475FD5AF9C7FEE29325" country="Algeria" name="Sand-dunes of Le Souf" pageId="1" pageNumber="1" stateProvince="Biskra">Sand-dunes of Le Souf</location>
|
||
, about
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0352475FE9CF9A7FE379325" box="[351,455,1621,1644]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.609344" pageId="1" pageNumber="1" unit="mi" value="100.0">100 miles</quantity>
|
||
south from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F6900FFF0352475FD8AF9A7FD629325" box="[585,658,1621,1644]" country="Algeria" name="Biskra" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">Biskra</collectingRegion>
|
||
,”
|
||
</quote>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0352475FD67F9A7FD079325" box="[676,759,1621,1644]" name="Algeria" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0352475FFAEF987FEDA93E5" blockId="1.[109,793,1141,1804]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9DBDE933F0352475FFAEF987FEDA93E5" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0352475FFAEF987FE8A93C5" ID-CoL="5HF95" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1894" box="[109,378,1653,1676]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="1" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="leptoceros" subSpecies="loderi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0352475FFAEF987FE8A93C5" box="[109,378,1653,1676]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">Gazella leptoceros loderi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3C0CE80CF0352475FE4BF987FD3E93C5" author="Sclater and Thomas" box="[392,718,1653,1676]" page="148" pageId="1" pageNumber="1" year="1898">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0352475FE4BF987FD3E93C5" author="Sclater and Thomas" box="[392,718,1653,1676]" firstAuthor="Sclater" page="148" pageId="1" pageNumber="1" refId="ref15516" refString="Sclater P. L., Thomas O. 1898. The book of antelopes. Volume III. R. H. Porter, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1898">Sclater and Thomas, 1898:148</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. Name combination.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="E9D29E95F0352475FC8BF953FBDB9247" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621080" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10621080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621080/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="1" startId="1.[840,875,1697,1718]" targetBox="[920,1443,1099,1668]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0352475FC8BF953FBDB9247" blockId="1.[840,1523,1697,1806]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0352475FC8BF953FC7893FF" bold="true" box="[840,904,1697,1718]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
|
||
—A mature male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0352475FBF7F953FB1893FF" baseAuthorityName="F. Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[1076,1256,1697,1718]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="1" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0352475FBF7F953FB1893FF" box="[1076,1256,1697,1718]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">Gazella leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at a private breeding center in western Texas. Note the characteristic pale coloration; indistinct fawn markings; dark tail; and long, slender, heavily ridged horns. Photograph by BAH, 26 May 2017.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0352475FFAEF947FEB09245" blockId="1.[109,793,1141,1804]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9DBDE933F0352475FFAEF947FEB09245" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3C0CE80CF0352475FFAEF947FD3B9385" author="Sclater P. L. & Thomas O." box="[109,715,1717,1740]" page="149" pageId="1" pageNumber="1" year="1898">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0352475FFAEF947FD3B9385" authority="Sclater and Thomas, 1898: 149" authorityName="Sclater and Thomas" authorityPageNumber="149" authorityYear="1898" box="[109,715,1717,1740]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="1" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="leptoceros" subSpecies="typica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0352475FFAEF947FE8C9385" box="[109,380,1717,1740]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">Gazella leptoceros typica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0352475FE40F947FD3B9385" author="Sclater P. L. & Thomas O." box="[387,715,1717,1740]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1" refId="ref15516" refString="Sclater P. L., Thomas O. 1898. The book of antelopes. Volume III. R. H. Porter, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1898">Sclater and Thomas, 1898:149</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. Usage equivalent to
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0352475FEE8F927FD9393A5" box="[299,611,1749,1772]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Gazelle
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0352475FE41F927FD9393A5" ID-CoL="3FG3G" baseAuthorityName="F. Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[386,611,1749,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="1" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">leptoceros leptoceros</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and not intended as a new name.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0362476FFAEFF3BFF439429" blockId="2.[109,792,201,352]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<author id="651026F8F0362476FFAEFF3BFE5395A9" box="[109,419,201,224]" case="AC" fns="I" in="CONTENT" ins="B" ln="CONTEXT AND" lnc="AC" npo="LnIn" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">CONTEXT AND CONTENT</author>
|
||
.
|
||
<title id="CFA9252BF0362476FE02FF3BFDDA9469" jopScore="0.11432847" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" type="_" typeScore="2">
|
||
Order Artiodactyla, suborder Ruminantia, infraorder Pecora, family Bovidae, subfamily Antilopinae, tribe Antilopini (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FE68FEFBFDDA9469" author="Burgin C. J. & Wilson D. E. & Mittermeier R. A. & Rylands A. B. & Lacher T. E. & Sechrest W." box="[427,554,265,288]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" refId="ref12641" refString="Burgin C. J., Wilson D. E., Mittermeier R. A., Rylands A. B., Lacher T. E., Sechrest W. 2020. Illustrated checklist of the mammals of the world. Volume 1 and 2. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain." type="book" year="2020">Burgin et al</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</title>
|
||
.
|
||
<year id="C9058F4EF0362476FDF7FEFBFD999469" box="[564,617,265,288]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">2020</year>
|
||
).
|
||
<journalOrPublisher id="676CC4D1F0362476FDBCFEFBFDB79409" jopScore="0.046792146" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">
|
||
No subspecies are currently recognized (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FE41FEDBFDB79409" author="Groves C. & Grubb P." box="[386,583,297,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" refId="ref13930" refString="Groves C., Grubb P. 2011. Ungulate taxonomy. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, USA." type="book" year="2011">Groves and Grubb</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
<part id="C9096480F0362476FD8CFEDBFD749409" box="[591,644,297,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" type="volume">2011</part>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FD50FEDBFF529429" author="Burgin C. J. & Wilson D. E. & Mittermeier R. A. & Rylands A. B. & Lacher T. E. & Sechrest W." pageId="2" pageNumber="2" refId="ref12641" refString="Burgin C. J., Wilson D. E., Mittermeier R. A., Rylands A. B., Lacher T. E., Sechrest W. 2020. Illustrated checklist of the mammals of the world. Volume 1 and 2. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain." type="book" year="2020">
|
||
Burgin et al.
|
||
<pagination id="846430E9F0362476FFAEFEBBFF529429" box="[109,162,329,352]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" type="pagination">2020</pagination>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F5B79D96F0362476FFAEFE7BFC5F9389" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0362476FFAEFE7BFF1296E9" blockId="2.[109,793,393,1952]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<author id="651026F8F0362476FFAEFE7BFE7594E9" box="[109,389,393,416]" case="AC" fns="I" in="NOTES" ins="B" ln="NOMENCLATURAL" lnc="AC" npo="LnIn" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">NOMENCLATURAL NOTES</author>
|
||
.
|
||
<title id="CFA9252BF0362476FE61FE7BFE4D9649" jopScore="0.5420053" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">
|
||
Taxonomic affiliations of
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FD06FE7BFF2B9489" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">Gazella leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
have been revised multiple times since the 1960s and are yet to be fully resolved. Two subspecies of
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FD45FE3BFCE894A9" box="[646,792,457,480]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
have been named but are not currently recognized: eastern
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FD3DFE1BFF059769" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. l. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0362476FE83FDFBFE709769" box="[320,384,521,544]" name="Egypt" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0362476FE7DFDFBFE0C9769" box="[446,508,521,544]" name="Libya" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">Libya</collectingCountry>
|
||
and western
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FD5AFDFBFCE89769" box="[665,792,521,544]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. l. loderi</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0362476FF6AFDDBFF099709" box="[169,249,553,576]" name="Algeria" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0362476FEF0FDDBFE729709" box="[307,386,553,576]" name="Tunisia" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FE51FDDBFD519709" author="Groves C. & Grubb P." box="[402,673,553,576]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" refId="ref13930" refString="Groves C., Grubb P. 2011. Ungulate taxonomy. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, USA." type="book" year="2011">Groves and Grubb 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FD6DFDDBFF3C9729" author="Mallon D. & Barrios V. & Senn H." pageId="2" pageNumber="2" refId="ref14928" refString="Mallon D., Barrios V., Senn H. 2020. Slender-horned gazelle Gazella leptoceros. Conservation Strategy 2020 - 2029. IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group and Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom." type="book" year="2020">Mallon et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The named forms were never clearly distinguished (Lydekker and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FED5FD9BFE6F97C9" author="Blaine G." box="[278,415,617,640]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" refId="ref14879" refString="Lydekker R, Blaine G. 1914. Catalogue of the ungulate mammals in the British Museum Natural History. Volume III. Artiodactyla, families Bovidae, subfamilies Aepycerotinae to Tragelaphinae, Antilocapridae, and Giraffidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1914">Blaine 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FE6EFD9BFDA897C9" author="Lavauden L." box="[429,600,617,640]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" pagination="11 - 27" refId="ref14681" refString="Lavauden L. 1926. Les gazelles du Sahara centrale. Bulletin de la Societe d'histoire naturelle de l'Afrique du Nord 17: 11 - 27." type="journal article" year="1926">Lavauden 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and their allopatry was inferred but never defined; their separation may be a recent result of human pressures causing range fragmentation (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna [CITES]
|
||
</title>
|
||
<year id="C9058F4EF0362476FE06FD1BFE0F9649" box="[453,511,745,768]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">2007</year>
|
||
).
|
||
<journalOrPublisher id="676CC4D1F0362476FDD1FD1BFE899669" jopScore="0.014061447" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">Sparse genetic sampling from eastern populations</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FE48FCFBFE689669" box="[395,408,777,800]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">n</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<part id="C9096480F0362476FE7BFCFBFE359669" box="[440,453,777,800]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" type="volume">2</part>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0362476FDC9FCFBFDBC9669" box="[522,588,777,800]" name="Egypt" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
, none from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0362476FD12FCFBFCE19669" box="[721,785,777,800]" name="Libya" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">Libya</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and overall low degree of genetic difference between eastern and western populations did not provide sufficient evidence for
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FFAEFC9BFEBC96C9" author="Mallon D. & Barrios V. & Senn H." box="[109,332,873,896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" refId="ref14928" refString="Mallon D., Barrios V., Senn H. 2020. Slender-horned gazelle Gazella leptoceros. Conservation Strategy 2020 - 2029. IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group and Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom." type="book" year="2020">
|
||
Mallon et al. (
|
||
<pagination id="846430E9F0362476FECFFC9BFEB496C9" box="[268,324,873,896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" type="pagination">2020</pagination>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to change the monotypic treatment of
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FD3DFC9BFF2B96E9" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0362476FF5BFC5BFEA290E9" blockId="2.[109,793,393,1952]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FF5BFC5BFDB59689" author="Ellerman J. R. & Morrison-Scott T. C. S." box="[152,581,937,960]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" refId="ref13432" refString="Ellerman J. R., Morrison-Scott T. C. S. 1966. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. 2 nd ed. British Museum (Natural History), London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1966">Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FD00FC5BFF4B96A9" baseAuthorityName="Ellerman and Morrison-Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1966" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FD00FC5BFF4B96A9" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">Gazella marica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(sand gazelle) as a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FDEAFC3BFD4A96A9" baseAuthorityName="F. Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[553,698,969,992]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FDEAFC3BFD4A96A9" box="[553,698,969,992]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because the taxa share pale coloration and indistinct markings, elongated hooves, and some skull characters. This was supported by discriminant function analysis of four Egyptian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FD3DFBDBFF2E9129" baseAuthorityName="F. Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1842" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FD3DFBDBFF2E9129" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
skulls by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FE96FBBBFE069129" author="Groves C. P." box="[341,502,1097,1120]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" pagination="38 - 60" refId="ref13953" refString="Groves C. P. 1969. On the smaller gazelles of the genus Gazella de Blainville, 1816. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde 34: 38 - 60." type="journal article" year="1969">Groves (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, which demonstrated that this eastern population (given as
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FE2DFB9BFD6F91C9" box="[494,671,1129,1152]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">
|
||
G. l.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FDEDFB9BFD6F91C9" baseAuthorityName="F. Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[558,671,1129,1152]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">leptoceros</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) clustered closer to Arabian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FEFEFB7BFE4191E9" baseAuthorityName="Ellerman and Morrison-Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[317,433,1161,1184]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FEFEFB7BFE4191E9" box="[317,433,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. marica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than to Algerian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FD42FB7BFCE891E9" baseAuthorityName="F. Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[641,792,1161,1184]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FD42FB7BFCE891E9" box="[641,792,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FFB4FB5BFF499189" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1894" box="[119,185,1193,1216]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loderi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FFB4FB5BFF499189" box="[119,185,1193,1216]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">loderi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FF0CFB5BFE9D9189" author="Groves C. P." box="[207,365,1193,1216]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" pagination="38 - 60" refId="ref13953" refString="Groves C. P. 1969. On the smaller gazelles of the genus Gazella de Blainville, 1816. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde 34: 38 - 60." type="journal article" year="1969">Groves (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FDD5FB5BFD589189" baseAuthorityName="F. Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[534,680,1193,1216]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FDD5FB5BFD589189" box="[534,680,1193,1216]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might belong to the same subgenus as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FE7DFB3BFCE891A9" baseAuthorityName="Guldenstaedt" baseAuthorityYear="1780" box="[446,792,1225,1248]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subgutturosa" subGenus="Trachelocele">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FE7DFB3BFE2891A9" box="[446,472,1225,1248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FE29FB3BFD8791A9" box="[490,631,1225,1248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">Trachelocele</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FD49FB3BFCE891A9" box="[650,792,1225,1248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">subgutturosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FF27FB1BFEA29049" baseAuthorityName="Ellerman and Morrison-Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[228,338,1257,1280]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FF27FB1BFEA29049" box="[228,338,1257,1280]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. marica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FEABFB1BFE0B9049" author="Lange J." box="[360,507,1257,1280]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" pagination="193 - 249" refId="ref14616" refString="Lange J. 1972. Studies an Gazellenschadeln. Ein Beitrag zur Systematik der kleineren Gazellen, Gazella (de Blainville, 1816). Saugetierkundliche Mitteilungen 20: 193 - 249." type="journal article" year="1972">Lange (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
proposed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FDA9FB1BFD0B9049" baseAuthorityName="F. Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[618,763,1257,1280]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FDA9FB1BFD0B9049" box="[618,763,1257,1280]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FED9FAFBFE399069" baseAuthorityName="Guldenstaedt" baseAuthorityYear="1780" box="[282,457,1289,1312]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subgutturosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FED9FAFBFE399069" box="[282,457,1289,1312]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. subgutturosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Persian gazelle—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FD59FAFBFED89009" author="Kingswood S. C. & Blank D. A." pageId="2" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref14463" refString="Kingswood S. C., Blank D. A. 1996. Gazella subgutturosa. Mammalian Species 518: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1996">Kingswood and Blank 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) along with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FE0BFADBFDCE9009" baseAuthorityName="Ellerman and Morrison-Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[456,574,1321,1344]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FE0BFADBFDCE9009" box="[456,574,1321,1344]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. marica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FD44FADBFF479029" author="Effron M. & Bogart M. H. & Kumamoto A. T. & Benirschke K." pageId="2" pageNumber="2" pagination="419 - 444" refId="ref13357" refString="Effron M., Bogart M. H., Kumamoto A. T., Benirschke K. 1976. Chromosome studies in the mammalian subfamily Antilopinae. Genetica 46: 419 - 444." type="journal article" year="1976">Effron et al. (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted similar karyotypes between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FDA3FABBFCE79029" baseAuthorityName="Guldenstaedt" baseAuthorityYear="1780" box="[608,791,1353,1376]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subgutturosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FDA3FABBFCE79029" box="[608,791,1353,1376]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. subgutturosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(sensu lato) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FEE7FA9BFE4690C9" baseAuthorityName="F. Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[292,438,1385,1408]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FEE7FA9BFE4690C9" box="[292,438,1385,1408]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, particularly in the large size of the Y2 chromosome.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0362476FF5BFA5BFBF59469" blockId="2.[109,793,393,1952]" lastBlockId="2.[840,1523,201,1728]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">
|
||
Karyotypic similarities led
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FE78FA5BFD0D9089" author="Kumamoto A. T. & Bogart M. H." box="[443,765,1449,1472]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" pagination="101 - 108" refId="ref14566" refString="Kumamoto A. T., Bogart M. H. 1984. The chromosomes of Cuvier's gazelle. In: Ryder O. A., Byrd M. L., editors. One medicine. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany; p. 101 - 108." type="book chapter" year="1984">Kumamoto and Bogart (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FF3BFA3BFE7990A9" baseAuthorityName="F. Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[248,393,1481,1504]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FF3BFA3BFE7990A9" box="[248,393,1481,1504]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(western population) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FD68FA3BFCE890A9" baseAuthorityName="Ogilby" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[683,792,1481,1504]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FD68FA3BFCE890A9" box="[683,792,1481,1504]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. cuvieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Cuvier’s gazelle) might be conspecific;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FDD5FA1BFD189349" author="Vassart M. & Seguela A. & Hayes H." box="[534,744,1513,1536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" pagination="216 - 227" refId="ref15925" refString="Vassart M., Seguela A., Hayes H. 1995. Chromosomal evolution in gazelles. Journal of Heredity 86: 216 - 227." type="journal article" year="1995">Vassart et al. (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also identified identical karyotypes between the two species. Genetic sequencing of nuclear genes and mitochondrial cytochrome
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FCC8F9DBFCE89309" box="[779,792,1577,1600]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">b</emphasis>
|
||
confirmed close kinship between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FE1CF9BBFD809329" baseAuthorityName="F. Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[479,624,1609,1632]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FE1CF9BBFD809329" box="[479,624,1609,1632]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FD69F9BBFCE89329" baseAuthorityName="Ogilby" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[682,792,1609,1632]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FD69F9BBFCE89329" box="[682,792,1609,1632]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. cuvieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FFB5F99BFE6693C9" author="Rebholz W. & Harley E." box="[118,406,1641,1664]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" pagination="87 - 94" refId="ref15297" refString="Rebholz W., Harley E. 1999. Phylogenetic relationship in the bovid subfamily Antilopinae based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 12: 87 - 94." type="journal article" year="1999">Rebholz and Harley 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FE6AF99BFD9193C9" author="Lerp H. & Klaus S. & Allgower S. & Wronski T. & Pfenninger M. & Plath M." box="[425,609,1641,1664]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref14708" refString="Lerp H., Klaus S., Allgower S., Wronski T., Pfenninger M., Plath M. 2016. Phylogenetic analyses of gazelles reveal repeated transitions of key ecological traits and provide novel insights into the origin of the genus Gazella. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 98: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2016">Lerp et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Similarities in mitochondrial DNA led
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FEB9F97BFD9D93E9" author="Hassanin A. & Delsuc F. & Ropiquet A. & Hammer C. & Jansen van Vuuren B. & Matthee C. & Ruiz-Garcia M. & Catzeflis F. & Areskoug V. & Nguyen T. T." box="[378,621,1673,1696]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" pagination="32 - 50" refId="ref14104" refString="Hassanin A., Delsuc F., Ropiquet A., Hammer C., Jansen van Vuuren B., Matthee C., Ruiz-Garcia M., Catzeflis F., Areskoug V., Nguyen T. T., et al. 2012. Pattern and timing of diversification of Cetartiodactyla (Mammalia, Laurasiatheria), as revealed by a comprehensive analysis of mitochondrial genomes. Comptes Rendus Biologies 335: 32 - 50." type="journal article" year="2012">Hassanin et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to suggest that both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FF65F95BFEC79389" baseAuthorityName="F. Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[166,311,1705,1728]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FF65F95BFEC79389" box="[166,311,1705,1728]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FEB3F95BFE2F9389" baseAuthorityName="Ellerman and Morrison-Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[368,479,1705,1728]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FEB3F95BFE2F9389" box="[368,479,1705,1728]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. marica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
be considered as subspecies of
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FF4EF93BFEF193A9" box="[141,257,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FF4EF93BFF0D93A9" baseAuthorityName="Ogilby" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[141,253,1737,1760]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvieri">G. cuvieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Deeper genetic analysis (using both nuclear and mitochondrial genes) showed Algerian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FDEAF91BFD4E9249" baseAuthorityName="F. Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[553,702,1769,1792]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FDEAF91BFD4E9249" box="[553,702,1769,1792]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FD3DF91BFF479269" baseAuthorityName="Ogilby" baseAuthorityYear="1841" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FD3DF91BFF479269" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. cuvieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to form a monophyletic group (53
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FD91F8FBFD169269" baseAuthorityName="F. Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[594,742,1801,1824]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FD91F8FBFD169269" box="[594,742,1801,1824]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 255
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FF5CF8DBFEFC9209" baseAuthorityName="Ogilby" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[159,268,1833,1856]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FF5CF8DBFEFC9209" box="[159,268,1833,1856]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. cuvieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
samples, 12 haplotypes, exhibiting 0.3% divergence) to the exclusion of Egyptian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FE2CF8BBFD8D9229" baseAuthorityName="F. Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[495,637,1865,1888]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FE2CF8BBFD8D9229" box="[495,637,1865,1888]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(two samples, one haplotype identified, 1.4% genetic divergence from the other samples—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FEDEF87BFE3F92E9" author="Silva T. L. & Vale C. G. & Godinho R. & Fellous A. & Hingrat Y. & Alves P. C. & Abaigar T. & Brito J. C." box="[285,463,1929,1952]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" pagination="286 - 300" refId="ref15626" refString="Silva T. L., Vale C. G., Godinho R., Fellous A., Hingrat Y., Alves P. C., Abaigar T., Brito J. C. 2017. Ecotypes and evolutionary significant units in endangered North African gazelles. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 122: 286 - 300." type="journal article" year="2017">Silva et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These authors proposed that Algerian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FC68FF3BFBC995A9" baseAuthorityName="F. Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[939,1081,201,224]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FC68FF3BFBC995A9" box="[939,1081,201,224]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FBA9FF3BFB2495A9" baseAuthorityName="Ogilby" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[1130,1236,201,224]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FBA9FF3BFB2495A9" box="[1130,1236,201,224]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. cuvieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
be considered as allopatric ecotypes (lowland and mountain) of one species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FAA8FF1BFA289449" baseAuthorityName="Ogilby" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[1387,1496,233,256]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FAA8FF1BFA289449" box="[1387,1496,233,256]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. cuvieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FC8BFEFBFC049469" author="Silva T. L. & Vale C. G. & Godinho R. & Fellous A. & Hingrat Y. & Alves P. C. & Abaigar T. & Brito J. C." box="[840,1012,265,288]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" pagination="286 - 300" refId="ref15626" refString="Silva T. L., Vale C. G., Godinho R., Fellous A., Hingrat Y., Alves P. C., Abaigar T., Brito J. C. 2017. Ecotypes and evolutionary significant units in endangered North African gazelles. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 122: 286 - 300." type="journal article" year="2017">Silva et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0362476FCB0FEDBFB3A9649" blockId="2.[840,1523,201,1728]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">
|
||
Molecular (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FBE4FEDBFB049409" author="Wacher T. & Wronski T. & Hammond R. L. & Winney B. & Blacket M. J. & Hundertmark K. J. & Mohammed O. B. & Omer S. A. & Macasero W. & Lerp H." box="[1063,1268,297,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" pagination="827 - 831" refId="ref16084" refString="Wacher T., Wronski T., Hammond R. L., Winney B., Blacket M. J., Hundertmark K. J., Mohammed O. B., Omer S. A., Macasero W., Lerp H., et al. 2010. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences reveals polyphyly in the goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa). Conservation Genetics 12: 827 - 831." type="journal article" year="2010">Wacher et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FAC6FEDBFA139409" author="Hassanin A. & Delsuc F. & Ropiquet A. & Hammer C. & Jansen van Vuuren B. & Matthee C. & Ruiz-Garcia M. & Catzeflis F. & Areskoug V. & Nguyen T. T." box="[1285,1507,297,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" pagination="32 - 50" refId="ref14104" refString="Hassanin A., Delsuc F., Ropiquet A., Hammer C., Jansen van Vuuren B., Matthee C., Ruiz-Garcia M., Catzeflis F., Areskoug V., Nguyen T. T., et al. 2012. Pattern and timing of diversification of Cetartiodactyla (Mammalia, Laurasiatheria), as revealed by a comprehensive analysis of mitochondrial genomes. Comptes Rendus Biologies 335: 32 - 50." type="journal article" year="2012">Hassanin et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), cytogenetic (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FBCBFEBBFB209429" author="Vassart M. & Seguela A. & Hayes H." box="[1032,1232,329,352]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" pagination="216 - 227" refId="ref15925" refString="Vassart M., Seguela A., Hayes H. 1995. Chromosomal evolution in gazelles. Journal of Heredity 86: 216 - 227." type="journal article" year="1995">Vassart et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FB23FEBBFA139429" author="Cernohorska H. & Kubickova S. & Kopecna O. & Vozdova M. & Matthee C. A. & Robinson T. J. & Ribes J." box="[1248,1507,329,352]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" pagination="235 - 247" refId="ref12697" refString="Cernohorska H., Kubickova S., Kopecna O., Vozdova M., Matthee C. A., Robinson T. J., Ribes J. 2015. Nanger, Eudorcas, Gazella, and Antilope form a well-supported chromosomal clade within Antilopini (Bovidae, Cetartiodactyla). Chromosoma 124: 235 - 247." type="journal article" year="2015">Cernohorska et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and phylogenetic (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FB97FE9BFAFE94C9" author="Lerp H. & Klaus S. & Allgower S. & Wronski T. & Pfenninger M. & Plath M." box="[1108,1294,361,384]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref14708" refString="Lerp H., Klaus S., Allgower S., Wronski T., Pfenninger M., Plath M. 2016. Phylogenetic analyses of gazelles reveal repeated transitions of key ecological traits and provide novel insights into the origin of the genus Gazella. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 98: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2016">Lerp et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) analyses support a clade comprised of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FBE5FE7BFB4994E9" baseAuthorityName="F. Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[1062,1209,393,416]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FBE5FE7BFB4994E9" box="[1062,1209,393,416]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FB09FE7BFAC994E9" baseAuthorityName="Ogilby" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[1226,1337,393,416]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FB09FE7BFAC994E9" box="[1226,1337,393,416]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. cuvieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FABFFE7BFA1D94E9" baseAuthorityName="Ellerman and Morrison-Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[1404,1517,393,416]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FABFFE7BFA1D94E9" box="[1404,1517,393,416]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. marica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, given the physical and ecological differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FC8BFE3BFC2994A9" baseAuthorityName="F. Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[840,985,457,480]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FC8BFE3BFC2994A9" box="[840,985,457,480]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FC2BFE3BFBA594A9" baseAuthorityName="Ogilby" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[1000,1109,457,480]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FC2BFE3BFBA594A9" box="[1000,1109,457,480]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. cuvieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FB50FE3BFAF294A9" baseAuthorityName="Ellerman and Morrison-Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[1171,1282,457,480]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FB50FE3BFAF294A9" box="[1171,1282,457,480]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. marica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, these three taxa continue to be treated separately (as distinct evolutionary significant units) for conservation planning (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FB7AFDFBFA9A9769" author="Lerp H. & Klaus S. & Allgower S. & Wronski T. & Pfenninger M. & Plath M." box="[1209,1386,521,544]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref14708" refString="Lerp H., Klaus S., Allgower S., Wronski T., Pfenninger M., Plath M. 2016. Phylogenetic analyses of gazelles reveal repeated transitions of key ecological traits and provide novel insights into the origin of the genus Gazella. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 98: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2016">Lerp et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FABFFDFBFC8D9709" author="Silva T. L. & Vale C. G. & Godinho R. & Fellous A. & Hingrat Y. & Alves P. C. & Abaigar T. & Brito J. C." pageId="2" pageNumber="2" pagination="286 - 300" refId="ref15626" refString="Silva T. L., Vale C. G., Godinho R., Fellous A., Hingrat Y., Alves P. C., Abaigar T., Brito J. C. 2017. Ecotypes and evolutionary significant units in endangered North African gazelles. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 122: 286 - 300." type="journal article" year="2017">Silva et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FC4EFDDBFBA69709" author="Mallon D. & Barrios V. & Senn H." box="[909,1110,553,576]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" refId="ref14928" refString="Mallon D., Barrios V., Senn H. 2020. Slender-horned gazelle Gazella leptoceros. Conservation Strategy 2020 - 2029. IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group and Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom." type="book" year="2020">Mallon et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Further study is needed to elucidate the relationships between the two populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FA9FFDBBFA1C9729" baseAuthorityName="F. Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[1372,1516,585,608]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FA9FFDBBFA1C9729" box="[1372,1516,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, their relatedness to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FBDAFD9BFB7497C9" baseAuthorityName="Ogilby" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[1049,1156,617,640]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FBDAFD9BFB7497C9" box="[1049,1156,617,640]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. cuvieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FB7AFD9BFAD697C9" baseAuthorityName="Ellerman and Morrison-Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[1209,1318,617,640]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FB7AFD9BFAD697C9" box="[1209,1318,617,640]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. marica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the resolution of species within this clade (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FBB4FD7BFAC997E9" author="Mallon D. & Barrios V. & Senn H." box="[1143,1337,649,672]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" refId="ref14928" refString="Mallon D., Barrios V., Senn H. 2020. Slender-horned gazelle Gazella leptoceros. Conservation Strategy 2020 - 2029. IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group and Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom." type="book" year="2020">Mallon et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The present account follows the arrangement of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FB77FD5BFA789789" author="Burgin C. J. & Wilson D. E. & Mittermeier R. A. & Rylands A. B. & Lacher T. E. & Sechrest W." box="[1204,1416,681,704]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" refId="ref12641" refString="Burgin C. J., Wilson D. E., Mittermeier R. A., Rylands A. B., Lacher T. E., Sechrest W. 2020. Illustrated checklist of the mammals of the world. Volume 1 and 2. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain." type="book" year="2020">Burgin et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, covering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FC8BFD3BFC2897A9" baseAuthorityName="F. Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[840,984,713,736]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FC8BFD3BFC2897A9" box="[840,984,713,736]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(both western and eastern populations) to the exclusion of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FC7AFD1BFBD39649" baseAuthorityName="Ogilby" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[953,1059,745,768]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FC7AFD1BFBD39649" box="[953,1059,745,768]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. cuvieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FB94FD1BFB349649" baseAuthorityName="Ellerman and Morrison-Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[1111,1220,745,768]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FB94FD1BFB349649" box="[1111,1220,745,768]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. marica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0362476FCB0FCFBFC5F9389" blockId="2.[840,1523,201,1728]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FC2AFCFBFBCD9669" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[1001,1085,777,800]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FC2AFCFBFBCD9669" box="[1001,1085,777,800]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">Gazella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the common name “gazelle” are derived from the Arabic name “ghazal” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FB38FCDBFC8E9629" author="Kingswood S. C. & Blank D. A." pageId="2" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref14463" refString="Kingswood S. C., Blank D. A. 1996. Gazella subgutturosa. Mammalian Species 518: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1996">Kingswood and Blank 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The specific epithet comes from the Greek
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FA92FCBBFA619629" box="[1361,1425,841,864]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">leptós</emphasis>
|
||
meaning thin or narrow and
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FBD6FC9BFBBE96C9" box="[1045,1102,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">ceros</emphasis>
|
||
meaning horn—a description reflected in the common English name slender-horned gazelle (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FA72FC7BFC8E9689" author="Gotch A. F." pageId="2" pageNumber="2" refId="ref13853" refString="Gotch A. F. 1995. Latin names explained: a guide to the scientific classification of reptiles, birds, and mammals. Facts on File Inc., New York City, New York, USA." type="book" year="1995">Gotch 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Besides slender-horned gazelle, other common English names include Loder’s gazelle (cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FB07FC3BFA9B96A9" author="Thomas O." box="[1220,1387,969,992]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" pagination="452" refId="ref15867" refString="Thomas O. 1894 a. Preliminary diagnosis of a new gazelle from Algeria. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6 13: 452." type="journal article" year="1894">Thomas, 1894a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FAB9FC3BFC2F9149" author="Sclater P. L. & Thomas O." pageId="2" pageNumber="2" refId="ref15516" refString="Sclater P. L., Thomas O. 1898. The book of antelopes. Volume III. R. H. Porter, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1898">Sclater and Thomas 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and sand gazelle (sometimes African sand gazelle or Algerian sand gazelle to distinguish from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FABFFBFBFA1C9169" baseAuthorityName="Ellerman and Morrison-Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[1404,1516,1033,1056]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FABFFBFBFA1C9169" box="[1404,1516,1033,1056]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. marica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the Arabian sand gazelle—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FBB4FBDBFAAD9109" author="Devillers P. & Beudels-Jamar R. C. & Lafontaine R. - M. & Devillers-Terschuren J." box="[1143,1373,1065,1088]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" pagination="71 - 81" refId="ref13066" refString="Devillers P., Beudels-Jamar R. C., Lafontaine R. - M., Devillers-Terschuren J. 2006. Gazella leptoceros. In: Beudels R. C., Devillers P., Lafontaine R. - M., Devillers-Terschuren J., Beudels M. - O., editors. Sahelo- Saharan antelopes. Status and perspectives. CMS SSA Concerted Action. 2 nd ed. CMS Technical Series Publication No. 11. UNEP / CMS Secretariat, Bonn, Germany; p. 71 - 81." type="book chapter" year="2006">Devillers et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The Arabic name rim (variously spelled rhim, rhime, reem, rheem) has been adopted (as rhim) in English and French to refer specifically to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FCA5FB7BFB1091E9" authority="(Mallon et al. 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Mallon" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[870,1248,1161,1184]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FCA5FB7BFC0891E9" box="[870,1016,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FBC9FB7BFB2691E9" author="Mallon D. & Barrios V. & Senn H." box="[1034,1238,1161,1184]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" refId="ref14928" refString="Mallon D., Barrios V., Senn H. 2020. Slender-horned gazelle Gazella leptoceros. Conservation Strategy 2020 - 2029. IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group and Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom." type="book" year="2020">Mallon et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, in Arabic this name is also used for other gazelle species (e.g., in Arabia, it refers to
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FC69FB3BFBDF91A9" box="[938,1071,1225,1248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FC69FB3BFBE491A9" baseAuthorityName="Ellerman and Morrison-Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[938,1044,1225,1248]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marica">G. marica</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Lydekker and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FB08FB3BFABF91A9" author="Blaine G." box="[1227,1359,1225,1248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" refId="ref14879" refString="Lydekker R, Blaine G. 1914. Catalogue of the ungulate mammals in the British Museum Natural History. Volume III. Artiodactyla, families Bovidae, subfamilies Aepycerotinae to Tragelaphinae, Antilocapridae, and Giraffidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1914">Blaine 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Other Arabic names for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FC03FB1BFBA39049" box="[960,1107,1257,1280]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FC03FB1BFBA39049" box="[960,1107,1257,1280]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include ghazal abiad, meaning white gazelle, and abu el haráb (alternately abu el harabat—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FA6BFAFBFBF89009" author="Sclater P. L. & Thomas O." pageId="2" pageNumber="2" refId="ref15516" refString="Sclater P. L., Thomas O. 1898. The book of antelopes. Volume III. R. H. Porter, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1898">Sclater and Thomas 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); an early preference was noted for the use of rim in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0362476FC50FABBFC149029" box="[915,996,1353,1376]" name="Algeria" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
and ghazal abiad in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0362476FB0EFABBFAED9029" box="[1229,1309,1353,1376]" name="Tunisia" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0362476FA96FABBFA659029" box="[1365,1429,1353,1376]" name="Egypt" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FA6BFABBFBE990C9" author="Sclater P. L. & Thomas O." pageId="2" pageNumber="2" refId="ref15516" refString="Sclater P. L., Thomas O. 1898. The book of antelopes. Volume III. R. H. Porter, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1898">Sclater and Thomas 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FBF3FA9BFB3790C9" author="Joleaud L." box="[1072,1223,1385,1408]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" pagination="438 - 456" refId="ref14315" refString="Joleaud L. 1929. Etudes de geographie zoologique sur la Berberie, les ruminants. V. Les gazelles. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 59: 438 - 456." type="journal article" year="1929">Joleaud 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FB1DFA9BFC4D90E9" author="Ellerman J. R. & Morrison-Scott T. C. S." pageId="2" pageNumber="2" refId="ref13432" refString="Ellerman J. R., Morrison-Scott T. C. S. 1966. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. 2 nd ed. British Museum (Natural History), London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1966">Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species is known as adam (alternately edemi) or hankut in the Tamacheq language (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FAC3FA5BFA1B9089" author="Devillers P. & Beudels-Jamar R. C. & Lafontaine R. - M. & Devillers-Terschuren J." box="[1280,1515,1449,1472]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" pagination="71 - 81" refId="ref13066" refString="Devillers P., Beudels-Jamar R. C., Lafontaine R. - M., Devillers-Terschuren J. 2006. Gazella leptoceros. In: Beudels R. C., Devillers P., Lafontaine R. - M., Devillers-Terschuren J., Beudels M. - O., editors. Sahelo- Saharan antelopes. Status and perspectives. CMS SSA Concerted Action. 2 nd ed. CMS Technical Series Publication No. 11. UNEP / CMS Secretariat, Bonn, Germany; p. 71 - 81." type="book chapter" year="2006">Devillers et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FC8BFA3BFBFD90A9" author="Mallon D. & Barrios V. & Senn H." box="[840,1037,1481,1504]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" refId="ref14928" refString="Mallon D., Barrios V., Senn H. 2020. Slender-horned gazelle Gazella leptoceros. Conservation Strategy 2020 - 2029. IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group and Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom." type="book" year="2020">Mallon et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and ezim at the Sioua [Siwa] Oasis in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0362476FA77FA3BFA0390A9" box="[1460,1523,1481,1504]" name="Libya" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">Libya</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FC92FA1BFC109349" author="Joleaud L." box="[849,992,1513,1536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" pagination="438 - 456" refId="ref14315" refString="Joleaud L. 1929. Etudes de geographie zoologique sur la Berberie, les ruminants. V. Les gazelles. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 59: 438 - 456." type="journal article" year="1929">Joleaud 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In French, it is gazelle des dunes or gazelle des sables (both meaning “sand gazelle”), gazelle leptocère or gazelle à cornes fines (“slender-horned gazelle”), gazelle blanche (“white gazelle”), or rhim; in German, Dünengazelle (“dune gazelle”); and in Spanish, gacela de las dunas (“dune gazelle”) or gacela de astas delgadas (“slender-horned gazelle”—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0362476FA49F97BFC6F9389" author="Mallon D. & Barrios V. & Senn H." pageId="2" pageNumber="2" refId="ref14928" refString="Mallon D., Barrios V., Senn H. 2020. Slender-horned gazelle Gazella leptoceros. Conservation Strategy 2020 - 2029. IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group and Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom." type="book" year="2020">Mallon et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F5B79D96F0362470FB8FF8F7FCF090A9" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0362476FB8FF8F7FB1F9256" blockId="2.[1100,1263,1797,1823]" box="[1100,1263,1797,1823]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FB8FF8F7FB1F9256" bold="true" box="[1100,1263,1797,1823]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0362477FCB0F8BBFEB99669" blockId="2.[840,1523,1865,1952]" lastBlockId="3.[109,793,201,1760]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">
|
||
Gazelles are a widespread group of antelope divided generally by size into three genera: the smaller desert-dwelling species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0362476FCA6F87BFC4892E9" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[869,952,1929,1952]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0362476FCA6F87BFC4892E9" box="[869,952,1929,1952]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">Gazella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the intermediate-sized savannah-dwelling species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0372477FFAEFF3BFF2295A9" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1869" box="[109,210,201,224]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Eudorcas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FFAEFF3BFF2295A9" box="[109,210,201,224]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Eudorcas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the larger species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0372477FE30FF3BFF5E9449" authority="(Groves and Leslie 2011)" baseAuthorityName="Groves and Leslie" baseAuthorityYear="2011" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Nanger" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FE30FF3BFDB395A9" box="[499,579,201,224]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Nanger</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FD97FF3BFF529449" author="Groves C. P. & Leslie D. M. Jr." pageId="3" pageNumber="3" pagination="444 - 575" refId="ref14016" refString="Groves C. P., Leslie D. M. Jr. 2011. Family Bovidae. In: Wilson D. D., Mittermeier R. A., editors. Handbook of the mammals of the world. Volume 2. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain; p. 444 - 575." type="book chapter" year="2011">Groves and Leslie 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the most recent taxonomy,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0372477FE3DFF1BFDA19449" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[510,593,233,256]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FE3DFF1BFDA19449" box="[510,593,233,256]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Gazella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contained 21 species distributed from the Sahara Desert in Africa to the Gobi Desert in Asia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FEE6FEDBFE069409" author="Burgin C. J. & Wilson D. E. & Mittermeier R. A. & Rylands A. B. & Lacher T. E. & Sechrest W." box="[293,502,297,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" refId="ref12641" refString="Burgin C. J., Wilson D. E., Mittermeier R. A., Rylands A. B., Lacher T. E., Sechrest W. 2020. Illustrated checklist of the mammals of the world. Volume 1 and 2. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain." type="book" year="2020">Burgin et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), characterized by ridged horns, distinctive dark stripes on the face, and a lateral band across the flanks. Among the five African species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0372477FD5FFE9BFD1F94C9" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[668,751,361,384]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FD5FFE9BFD1F94C9" box="[668,751,361,384]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Gazella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0372477FD3DFE9BFF4794E9" baseAuthorityName="Ogilby" baseAuthorityYear="1841" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FD3DFE9BFF4794E9" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">G. cuvieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0372477FF0BFE7BFEC394E9" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[200,307,393,416]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorcas">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FF0BFE7BFEC394E9" box="[200,307,393,416]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">G. dorcas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[dorcas gazelle—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FE39FE7BFD1594E9" author="Yom-Tom Y. & Mendelssohn H. & Groves C. P." box="[506,741,393,416]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref16164" refString="Yom-Tom Y., Mendelssohn H., Groves C. P. 1995. Gazella dorcas. Mammalian Species 491: 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1995">Yom-Tom et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
],
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0372477FD3DFE7BFF2B9489" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FD3DFE7BFF2B9489" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0372477FF2DFE5BFE979489" box="[238,359,425,448]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pelzelni">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FF2DFE5BFE979489" box="[238,359,425,448]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">G. pelzelni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[Pelzeln’s gazelle, formerly a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0372477FF7CFE3BFED994A9" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[191,297,457,480]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorcas">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FF7CFE3BFED994A9" box="[191,297,457,480]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">G. dorcas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0372477FEB2FE3BFE2694A9" authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1863" box="[369,470,457,480]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spekei">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FEB2FE3BFE2694A9" box="[369,470,457,480]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">G. spekei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[Speke’s gazelle]—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FD71FE3BFF349749" author="Burgin C. J. & Wilson D. E. & Mittermeier R. A. & Rylands A. B. & Lacher T. E. & Sechrest W." pageId="3" pageNumber="3" refId="ref12641" refString="Burgin C. J., Wilson D. E., Mittermeier R. A., Rylands A. B., Lacher T. E., Sechrest W. 2020. Illustrated checklist of the mammals of the world. Volume 1 and 2. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain." type="book" year="2020">Burgin et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0372477FF1FFE1BFE9C9749" box="[220,364,489,512]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FF1FFE1BFE9C9749" box="[220,364,489,512]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the palest body coloration, varying from pale buff to nearly white (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2596D298F0372477FE0BFDFBFDF89769" box="[456,520,521,544]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[840,875,1697,1718]" captionTargetBox="[920,1443,1099,1668]" captionTargetId="figure-427@1.[920,1443,1021,1668]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1.—A mature male Gazella leptoceros at a private breeding center in western Texas. Note the characteristic pale coloration; indistinct fawn markings; dark tail; and long, slender, heavily ridged horns. Photograph by BAH, 26 May 2017." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621080/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FDDBFDFBFD499769" author="Thomas O." box="[536,697,521,544]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" pagination="467 - 472" refId="ref15895" refString="Thomas O. 1894 b. On some gazelles brought by Sir Edmund Loder from Algeria. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1894: 467 - 472." type="journal article" year="1894">Thomas 1894b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FD0AFDFBFED39709" author="Osborn D. J. & Helmy I." pageId="3" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 579" refId="ref15145" refString="Osborn D. J., Helmy I. 1980. The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai). Fieldiana Zoology 1309: i - xix, 1 - 579." type="journal article" year="1980">Osborn and Helmy 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Diagnostically, the typical gazelle markings on the face and body of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0372477FEABFDBBFE059729" box="[360,501,585,608]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FEABFDBBFE059729" box="[360,501,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are pale and poorly defined (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FFB5FD9BFE7A97C9" author="Sclater P. L. & Thomas O." box="[118,394,617,640]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" refId="ref15516" refString="Sclater P. L., Thomas O. 1898. The book of antelopes. Volume III. R. H. Porter, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1898">Sclater and Thomas 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Lydekker and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FDF5FD9BFD4997C9" author="Blaine G." box="[566,697,617,640]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" refId="ref14879" refString="Lydekker R, Blaine G. 1914. Catalogue of the ungulate mammals in the British Museum Natural History. Volume III. Artiodactyla, families Bovidae, subfamilies Aepycerotinae to Tragelaphinae, Antilocapridae, and Giraffidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1914">Blaine 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FD0AFD9BFED297E9" author="Osborn D. J. & Helmy I." pageId="3" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 579" refId="ref15145" refString="Osborn D. J., Helmy I. 1980. The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai). Fieldiana Zoology 1309: i - xix, 1 - 579." type="journal article" year="1980">Osborn and Helmy 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The lambdoid (or occipitoparietal) suture of the skull is rounded in both Algerian and Egyptian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0372477FD49FD5BFCE89789" box="[650,792,681,704]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FD49FD5BFCE89789" box="[650,792,681,704]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations; in all other members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0372477FDCAFD3BFDAC97A9" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[521,604,713,736]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FDCAFD3BFDAC97A9" box="[521,604,713,736]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Gazella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the suture forms angles at both ends of its upper aspect (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FDF1FD1BFF529669" author="Groves C. P. & Harrison D. L." pageId="3" pageNumber="3" pagination="381 - 387" refId="ref13982" refString="Groves C. P., Harrison D. L. 1967. The taxonomy of the gazelles (genus Gazella) of Arabia. Journal of Zoology 152: 381 - 387." type="journal article" year="1967">Groves and Harrison 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FF72FCFBFEC99669" author="Groves C. P." box="[177,313,777,800]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" pagination="38 - 60" refId="ref13953" refString="Groves C. P. 1969. On the smaller gazelles of the genus Gazella de Blainville, 1816. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde 34: 38 - 60." type="journal article" year="1969">Groves 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0372477FF5BFCDBFEDF90C9" blockId="3.[109,793,201,1760]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Among species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0372477FEA7FCDBFE479609" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[356,439,809,832]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FEA7FCDBFE479609" box="[356,439,809,832]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Gazella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0372477FE06FCDBFDA59609" box="[453,597,809,832]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FE06FCDBFDA59609" box="[453,597,809,832]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sympatric only with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0372477FF69FCBBFEEA9629" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[170,282,841,864]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorcas">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FF69FCBBFEEA9629" box="[170,282,841,864]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">G. dorcas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0372477FEEEFCBBFE0C9629" box="[301,508,841,864]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FEEEFCBBFE0C9629" box="[301,508,841,864]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Gazella leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is always pale in color, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0372477FF0DFC9BFECA96C9" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[206,314,873,896]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorcas">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FF0DFC9BFECA96C9" box="[206,314,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">G. dorcas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is typically a richer, darker brown and has a distinct dark band on the flanks, although paler individuals are known (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FF30FC5BFE309689" author="Mallon D. & Barrios V. & Senn H." box="[243,448,937,960]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" refId="ref14928" refString="Mallon D., Barrios V., Senn H. 2020. Slender-horned gazelle Gazella leptoceros. Conservation Strategy 2020 - 2029. IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group and Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom." type="book" year="2020">Mallon et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The elongated, upright horns of male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0372477FF09FC3BFEAB96A9" box="[202,347,969,992]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FF09FC3BFEAB96A9" box="[202,347,969,992]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are straight in frontal view, diverging to varying extents at the tips, while the horns are distinctly lyrate in male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0372477FF05FBFBFEC09169" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[198,304,1033,1056]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorcas">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FF05FBFBFEC09169" box="[198,304,1033,1056]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">G. dorcas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FE82FBFBFD4A9169" author="Ellerman J. R. & Morrison-Scott T. C. S." box="[321,698,1033,1056]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" refId="ref13432" refString="Ellerman J. R., Morrison-Scott T. C. S. 1966. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. 2 nd ed. British Museum (Natural History), London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1966">Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FD0AFBFBFED99109" author="Osborn D. J. & Helmy I." pageId="3" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 579" refId="ref15145" refString="Osborn D. J., Helmy I. 1980. The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai). Fieldiana Zoology 1309: i - xix, 1 - 579." type="journal article" year="1980">Osborn and Helmy 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Females (especially young individuals) of the two species can be more challenging to distinguish in the field; facial markings of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0372477FEB0FB9BFDF291C9" box="[371,514,1129,1152]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FEB0FB9BFDF291C9" box="[371,514,1129,1152]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are consistently paler and lack rufous tones seen on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0372477FE45FB7BFE1F91E9" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[390,495,1161,1184]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorcas">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FE45FB7BFE1F91E9" box="[390,495,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">G. dorcas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FE3CFB7BFCE091E9" author="Sclater P. L. & Thomas O." box="[511,784,1161,1184]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" refId="ref15516" refString="Sclater P. L., Thomas O. 1898. The book of antelopes. Volume III. R. H. Porter, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1898">Sclater and Thomas 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FFAEFB5BFE8D9189" author="Osborn D. J. & Helmy I." box="[109,381,1193,1216]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 579" refId="ref15145" refString="Osborn D. J., Helmy I. 1980. The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai). Fieldiana Zoology 1309: i - xix, 1 - 579." type="journal article" year="1980">Osborn and Helmy 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In addition to the lambdoid suture, key skull features that distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0372477FE21FB3BFD8291A9" box="[482,626,1225,1248]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FE21FB3BFD8291A9" box="[482,626,1225,1248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include a deep infraorbital fossa with elongated fenestra (the fossa is shallow with no fenestration in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0372477FEACFAFBFE2A9069" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[367,474,1289,1312]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorcas">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FEACFAFBFE2A9069" box="[367,474,1289,1312]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">G. dorcas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), two foramina in the supraorbital pit (a single foramen present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0372477FDD0FADBFD8C9009" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[531,636,1321,1344]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorcas">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FDD0FADBFD8C9009" box="[531,636,1321,1344]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">G. dorcas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and rounded (rather than triangular) posterior margins of the nasals (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FD0AFABBFEEF90C9" author="Osborn D. J. & Helmy I." pageId="3" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 579" refId="ref15145" refString="Osborn D. J., Helmy I. 1980. The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai). Fieldiana Zoology 1309: i - xix, 1 - 579." type="journal article" year="1980">Osborn and Helmy 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0372477FF5BFA7BFF4593A9" blockId="3.[109,793,201,1760]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0372477FF5BFA7BFE9F90E9" box="[152,367,1417,1440]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FF5BFA7BFE9F90E9" box="[152,367,1417,1440]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Gazella leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0372477FE71FA7BFDD990E9" baseAuthorityName="Ellerman and Morrison-Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[434,553,1417,1440]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FE71FA7BFDD990E9" box="[434,553,1417,1440]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">G. marica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are frequently confused because of their similar coloration, elongated hooves, and habitat preference (they also share the same Arabic name, rim); some authors have considered them synonymous (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FFAEF9FBFDF49369" author="Ellerman J. R. & Morrison-Scott T. C. S." box="[109,516,1545,1568]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" refId="ref13432" refString="Ellerman J. R., Morrison-Scott T. C. S. 1966. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. 2 nd ed. British Museum (Natural History), London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1966">Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0372477FDE1F9FBFD089369" box="[546,760,1545,1568]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FDE1F9FBFD089369" box="[546,760,1545,1568]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Gazella leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is overall larger and males lack the throat swelling of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0372477FD6BF9DBFDFA9329" authority="(Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1966)" baseAuthorityName="Ellerman and Morrison-Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1966" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FD6BF9DBFCE89309" box="[680,792,1577,1600]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">G. marica</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FFB4F9BBFE0E9329" author="Ellerman J. R. & Morrison-Scott T. C. S." box="[119,510,1609,1632]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" refId="ref13432" refString="Ellerman J. R., Morrison-Scott T. C. S. 1966. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. 2 nd ed. British Museum (Natural History), London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1966">Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Horns of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0372477FD41F9BBFCE89329" box="[642,792,1609,1632]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FD41F9BBFCE89329" box="[642,792,1609,1632]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0372477FE9FF99BFE3F93C9" baseAuthorityName="Ellerman and Morrison-Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[348,463,1641,1664]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FE9FF99BFE3F93C9" box="[348,463,1641,1664]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">G. marica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in they lack significant curvature, have parallel horn bases, and rise nearly vertically (rather than at an angle) from the skull (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FDF3F95BFF5493A9" author="Groves C. P. & Harrison D. L." pageId="3" pageNumber="3" pagination="381 - 387" refId="ref13982" refString="Groves C. P., Harrison D. L. 1967. The taxonomy of the gazelles (genus Gazella) of Arabia. Journal of Zoology 152: 381 - 387." type="journal article" year="1967">Groves and Harrison 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0372477FED2F8D5FD859208" blockId="3.[273,629,1831,1857]" box="[273,629,1831,1857]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FED2F8D5FD859208" bold="true" box="[273,629,1831,1857]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">GENERAL CHARACTERS</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0372477FF5BF898FB9A96E9" blockId="3.[109,791,1898,1953]" lastBlockId="3.[840,1523,201,1952]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0372477FF5BF898FE9A92C8" box="[152,362,1898,1921]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FF5BF898FE9A92C8" box="[152,362,1898,1921]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Gazella leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a medium-sized gazelle (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FD68F898FF3992E8" author="Mallon D. & Barrios V. & Senn H." pageId="3" pageNumber="3" refId="ref14928" refString="Mallon D., Barrios V., Senn H. 2020. Slender-horned gazelle Gazella leptoceros. Conservation Strategy 2020 - 2029. IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group and Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom." type="book" year="2020">Mallon et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Fully grown male specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0372477FDACF878FD4192E8" box="[623,689,1930,1953]" name="Egypt" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
weighed
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0372477FC8BFF3BFC1095A9" box="[840,992,201,224]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.75" metricValueMin="1.65" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" unit="kg" value="17.0" valueMax="17.5" valueMin="16.5">16.5–17.5 kg</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FC34FF3BFB7A95A9" author="Flower S. S." box="[1015,1162,201,224]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" pagination="368 - 450" refId="ref13563" refString="Flower S. S. 1932. Notes on the recent mammals of Egypt, with a list of the species recorded from that kingdom. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1932: 368 - 450." type="journal article" year="1932">Flower 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and an additional individual (sex unreported) from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0372477FB8DFF1BFB609449" box="[1102,1168,233,256]" name="Egypt" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
weighed 15.0 kg (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FAACFF1BFC289469" author="Osborn D. J. & Helmy I." pageId="3" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 579" refId="ref15145" refString="Osborn D. J., Helmy I. 1980. The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai). Fieldiana Zoology 1309: i - xix, 1 - 579." type="journal article" year="1980">Osborn and Helmy 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<specimenCount id="ABAB0594F0372477FC34FEFBFB9A9469" box="[1015,1130,265,288]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" type="adult">One adult</specimenCount>
|
||
male from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0372477FB3CFEFBFAA29469" box="[1279,1362,265,288]" name="Algeria" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
with entrails removed weighed
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0372477FBDBFEDBFBA89409" box="[1048,1112,297,320]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" unit="kg" value="15.0">15 kg</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FBA8FEDBFB1E9409" author="Loder E. G." box="[1131,1262,297,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" pagination="473 - 476" refId="ref14806" refString="Loder E. G. 1894. On the " Reem " antelope of Algeria. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1894: 473 - 476." type="journal article" year="1894">Loder 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and a captive female at the San Diego Zoo (from Tunisian stock) weighed
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0372477FA5CFEBBFA029429" box="[1439,1522,329,352]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.25" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" unit="kg" value="12.5">12.5 kg</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FC92FE9BFBFC94C9" author="Benirschke K." box="[849,1036,361,384]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" refId="ref12442" refString="Benirschke K. 2002. Slender-horned gazelle Gazella leptoceros leptoceros. Comparative Placentation Project, University of California - San Diego, San Diego, California, USA. http: // placentation. ucsd. edu / gaz. htm. Accessed 3 Feb 2022." type="url" year="2002">Benirschke 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FBE0FE9BFB2F94C9" author="Lavauden L." box="[1059,1247,361,384]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" pagination="11 - 27" refId="ref14681" refString="Lavauden L. 1926. Les gazelles du Sahara centrale. Bulletin de la Societe d'histoire naturelle de l'Afrique du Nord 17: 11 - 27." type="journal article" year="1926">Lavauden (1926)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported unusually large sizes for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0372477FC75FE7BFBA094E9" box="[950,1104,393,416]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FC75FE7BFBA094E9" box="[950,1104,393,416]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0372477FBB8FE7BFB3E94E9" box="[1147,1230,393,416]" name="Algeria" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0372477FB21FE7BFAD694E9" box="[1250,1318,393,416]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" unit="kg" value="60.0">60 kg</quantity>
|
||
for large males), disagreeing with contemporary authors but providing no explanation for this discrepancy. General body weights (without specimen references) are reported to be
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0372477FAD8FE1BFA759749" box="[1307,1413,489,512]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" unit="kg" value="23.5" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="20.0">20–27 kg</quantity>
|
||
for adult males and
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0372477FC01FDFBFBDA9769" box="[962,1066,521,544]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" unit="kg" value="16.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="14.0">14–18 kg</quantity>
|
||
for adult females (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FAC6FDFBFA1B9769" author="Devillers P. & Beudels-Jamar R. C. & Lafontaine R. - M. & Devillers-Terschuren J." box="[1285,1515,521,544]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" pagination="71 - 81" refId="ref13066" refString="Devillers P., Beudels-Jamar R. C., Lafontaine R. - M., Devillers-Terschuren J. 2006. Gazella leptoceros. In: Beudels R. C., Devillers P., Lafontaine R. - M., Devillers-Terschuren J., Beudels M. - O., editors. Sahelo- Saharan antelopes. Status and perspectives. CMS SSA Concerted Action. 2 nd ed. CMS Technical Series Publication No. 11. UNEP / CMS Secretariat, Bonn, Germany; p. 71 - 81." type="book chapter" year="2006">Devillers et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FC8BFDDBFBDA9709" author="Mallon D. & Barrios V. & Senn H." box="[840,1066,553,576]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" refId="ref14928" refString="Mallon D., Barrios V., Senn H. 2020. Slender-horned gazelle Gazella leptoceros. Conservation Strategy 2020 - 2029. IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group and Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom." type="book" year="2020">Mallon et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Head–body length of four Egyptian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0372477FC8BFDBBFC159729" box="[840,997,585,608]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FC8BFDBBFC159729" box="[840,997,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males was
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0372477FB43FDBBFAEA9729" box="[1152,1306,585,608]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.42" metricValueMax="9.99" metricValueMin="8.85" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="942.0" valueMax="999.0" valueMin="885.0">885–999 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0372477FABCFDBBFA169729" box="[1407,1510,585,608]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.37" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="937.0">937 mm</quantity>
|
||
), shoulder height
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0372477FC3FFD9BFB7D97C9" box="[1020,1165,617,640]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.24" metricValueMax="7.52" metricValueMin="6.959999999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="724.0" valueMax="752.0" valueMin="696.0">696–752 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0372477FB22FD9BFAB097C9" box="[1249,1344,617,640]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.18" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="718.0">718 mm</quantity>
|
||
), and tail length
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0372477FC8BFD7BFC1097E9" box="[840,992,649,672]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.605" metricValueMax="1.66" metricValueMin="1.55" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="160.5" valueMax="166.0" valueMin="155.0">155–166 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0372477FB82FD7BFB5297E9" box="[1089,1186,649,672]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6199999999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="162.0">162 mm</quantity>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FB7DFD7BFA1297E9" author="Osborn D. J. & Helmy I." box="[1214,1506,649,672]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 579" refId="ref15145" refString="Osborn D. J., Helmy I. 1980. The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai). Fieldiana Zoology 1309: i - xix, 1 - 579." type="journal article" year="1980">Osborn and Helmy 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Measurements from a single Egyptian female were head– body length
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0372477FC11FD3BFBDF97A9" box="[978,1071,713,736]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.55" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="955.0">955 mm</quantity>
|
||
, shoulder height
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0372477FB2FFD3BFAB997A9" box="[1260,1353,713,736]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.97" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="697.0">697 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and tail length
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0372477FC8BFD1BFC549649" box="[840,932,745,768]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="125.0">125 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FC75FD1BFB3A9649" author="Osborn D. J. & Helmy I." box="[950,1226,745,768]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 579" refId="ref15145" refString="Osborn D. J., Helmy I. 1980. The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai). Fieldiana Zoology 1309: i - xix, 1 - 579." type="journal article" year="1980">Osborn and Helmy 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Length of hind foot was
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0372477FC8BFCFBFC2C9669" box="[840,988,777,800]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.175" metricValueMax="3.35" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="317.5" valueMax="335.0" valueMin="300.0">300–335 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0372477FBF0FCFBFB619669" box="[1075,1169,777,800]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.16" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="316.0">316 mm</quantity>
|
||
) from five Egyptian specimens (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FC92FCDBFB959609" author="Osborn D. J. & Helmy I." box="[849,1125,809,832]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 579" refId="ref15145" refString="Osborn D. J., Helmy I. 1980. The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai). Fieldiana Zoology 1309: i - xix, 1 - 579." type="journal article" year="1980">Osborn and Helmy 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Sizes of individuals from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0372477FA62FCDBFA029609" box="[1441,1522,809,832]" name="Tunisia" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0372477FCB5FCBBFC3C9629" box="[886,972,841,864]" name="Algeria" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
, inferred from skull measurements, were slightly larger than those from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0372477FBA1FC9BFB5496C9" box="[1122,1188,873,896]" name="Egypt" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FB78FC9BFA1B96C9" author="Sclater P. L. & Thomas O." box="[1211,1515,873,896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" refId="ref15516" refString="Sclater P. L., Thomas O. 1898. The book of antelopes. Volume III. R. H. Porter, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1898">Sclater and Thomas 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FC8BFC7BFBAA96E9" author="Osborn D. J. & Helmy I." box="[840,1114,905,928]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 579" refId="ref15145" refString="Osborn D. J., Helmy I. 1980. The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai). Fieldiana Zoology 1309: i - xix, 1 - 579." type="journal article" year="1980">Osborn and Helmy 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0372477FCB0FC5BFC739269" blockId="3.[840,1523,201,1952]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
|
||
The short-haired pelage of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0372477FB7BFC5BFAA39689" box="[1208,1363,937,960]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FB7BFC5BFAA39689" box="[1208,1363,937,960]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an overall pale sandy-fawn color (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FBA1FC3BFA7F96A9" author="Sclater P. L. & Thomas O." box="[1122,1423,969,992]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" refId="ref15516" refString="Sclater P. L., Thomas O. 1898. The book of antelopes. Volume III. R. H. Porter, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1898">Sclater and Thomas 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FA67FC3BFC8F9149" author="Flower S. S." pageId="3" pageNumber="3" pagination="368 - 450" refId="ref13563" refString="Flower S. S. 1932. Notes on the recent mammals of Egypt, with a list of the species recorded from that kingdom. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1932: 368 - 450." type="journal article" year="1932">Flower 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FC4DFC1BFBEB9149" author="Groves C. P." box="[910,1051,1001,1024]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" pagination="38 - 60" refId="ref13953" refString="Groves C. P. 1969. On the smaller gazelles of the genus Gazella de Blainville, 1816. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde 34: 38 - 60." type="journal article" year="1969">Groves 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A faintly darker stripe (“pale sandy with a tinge of brownish”—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FB97FBFBFA5D9169" author="Sclater P. L. & Thomas O." box="[1108,1453,1033,1056]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" refId="ref15516" refString="Sclater P. L., Thomas O. 1898. The book of antelopes. Volume III. R. H. Porter, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1898">Sclater and Thomas 1898:137</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) with indistinct borders runs along the flanks between the front and rear legs; a band dorsal to this stripe is only slightly paler than the dorsum (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FBDAFB9BFAB191C9" author="Sclater P. L. & Thomas O." box="[1049,1345,1129,1152]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" refId="ref15516" refString="Sclater P. L., Thomas O. 1898. The book of antelopes. Volume III. R. H. Porter, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1898">Sclater and Thomas 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FA90FB9BFC0D91E9" author="Anderson J. & de Winton W. E." pageId="3" pageNumber="3" pagination="343 - 347" refId="ref12239" refString="Anderson J., de Winton W. E. 1902. Zoology of Egypt. Vol. 2. Mammalia. Hugh Rees Ltd, London, United Kingdom; p. 343 - 347." type="book chapter" year="1902">Anderson and de Winton 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Lydekker and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FB77FB7BFACD91E9" author="Blaine G." box="[1204,1341,1161,1184]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" refId="ref14879" refString="Lydekker R, Blaine G. 1914. Catalogue of the ungulate mammals in the British Museum Natural History. Volume III. Artiodactyla, families Bovidae, subfamilies Aepycerotinae to Tragelaphinae, Antilocapridae, and Giraffidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1914">Blaine 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Typical facial markings of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0372477FB86FB5BFB6C9189" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[1093,1180,1193,1216]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FB86FB5BFB6C9189" box="[1093,1180,1193,1216]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Gazella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are very pale in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0372477FA96FB5BFA1B9189" box="[1365,1515,1193,1216]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0372477FA96FB5BFA1B9189" box="[1365,1515,1193,1216]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: the central facial blaze and darker streaks from eyes to muzzle are sandy in color, with no rufous or brown hairs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FC91FAFBFB9D9069" author="Osborn D. J. & Helmy I." box="[850,1133,1289,1312]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 579" refId="ref15145" refString="Osborn D. J., Helmy I. 1980. The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai). Fieldiana Zoology 1309: i - xix, 1 - 579." type="journal article" year="1980">Osborn and Helmy 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Areas around eyes, the muzzle, and sides of face are white (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FB46FADBFAE09009" author="Cuvier F." box="[1157,1296,1321,1344]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" pagination="72" refId="ref12952" refString="Cuvier F. 1842. Antilope a longue cornes. In: Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire E., Cuvier F., editors. Histoire naturelle des mammiferes: avec des figures originales, coloriees, dessinees d'apresdes animaux vivans. Tome 7, Livraison 72. Chez A. Blaise, Paris, France." type="book chapter" year="1842">Cuvier 1842</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Ears are very pale externally and are long, narrow, and pointed; ear length is
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0372477FC8BFA9BFC4890C9" box="[840,952,1385,1408]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" unit="cm" value="14.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="13.0">13–15 cm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FC0FFA9BFBA990C9" author="Cuvier F." box="[972,1113,1385,1408]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" pagination="72" refId="ref12952" refString="Cuvier F. 1842. Antilope a longue cornes. In: Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire E., Cuvier F., editors. Histoire naturelle des mammiferes: avec des figures originales, coloriees, dessinees d'apresdes animaux vivans. Tome 7, Livraison 72. Chez A. Blaise, Paris, France." type="book chapter" year="1842">Cuvier 1842</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FBA8FA9BFA7F90C9" author="Sclater P. L. & Thomas O." box="[1131,1423,1385,1408]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" refId="ref15516" refString="Sclater P. L., Thomas O. 1898. The book of antelopes. Volume III. R. H. Porter, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1898">Sclater and Thomas 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FA62FA9BFBF890E9" author="Osborn D. J. & Helmy I." pageId="3" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 579" refId="ref15145" refString="Osborn D. J., Helmy I. 1980. The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai). Fieldiana Zoology 1309: i - xix, 1 - 579." type="journal article" year="1980">Osborn and Helmy 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FBD8FA7BFAF790E9" author="Devillers P. & Beudels-Jamar R. C. & Lafontaine R. - M. & Devillers-Terschuren J." box="[1051,1287,1417,1440]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" pagination="71 - 81" refId="ref13066" refString="Devillers P., Beudels-Jamar R. C., Lafontaine R. - M., Devillers-Terschuren J. 2006. Gazella leptoceros. In: Beudels R. C., Devillers P., Lafontaine R. - M., Devillers-Terschuren J., Beudels M. - O., editors. Sahelo- Saharan antelopes. Status and perspectives. CMS SSA Concerted Action. 2 nd ed. CMS Technical Series Publication No. 11. UNEP / CMS Secretariat, Bonn, Germany; p. 71 - 81." type="book chapter" year="2006">Devillers et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Throat, chest, and belly are white (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FBD7FA5BFB559089" author="Cuvier F." box="[1044,1189,1449,1472]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" pagination="72" refId="ref12952" refString="Cuvier F. 1842. Antilope a longue cornes. In: Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire E., Cuvier F., editors. Histoire naturelle des mammiferes: avec des figures originales, coloriees, dessinees d'apresdes animaux vivans. Tome 7, Livraison 72. Chez A. Blaise, Paris, France." type="book chapter" year="1842">Cuvier 1842</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FB78FA5BFA119089" author="Osborn D. J. & Helmy I." box="[1211,1505,1449,1472]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 579" refId="ref15145" refString="Osborn D. J., Helmy I. 1980. The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai). Fieldiana Zoology 1309: i - xix, 1 - 579." type="journal article" year="1980">Osborn and Helmy 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Fronts of forelegs are the same sandy buff as the body with white inner surfaces; hind legs are paler and may be fully white (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FC5FF9FBFBB89369" author="Thomas O." box="[924,1096,1545,1568]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" pagination="467 - 472" refId="ref15895" refString="Thomas O. 1894 b. On some gazelles brought by Sir Edmund Loder from Algeria. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1894: 467 - 472." type="journal article" year="1894">Thomas 1894b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Rump is white, and the indistinct pygal borders are only slightly darker than the sandy-colored back (Lydekker and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FBF2F9BBFB4A9329" author="Blaine G." box="[1073,1210,1609,1632]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" refId="ref14879" refString="Lydekker R, Blaine G. 1914. Catalogue of the ungulate mammals in the British Museum Natural History. Volume III. Artiodactyla, families Bovidae, subfamilies Aepycerotinae to Tragelaphinae, Antilocapridae, and Giraffidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1914">Blaine 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FB08F9BBFA119329" author="Osborn D. J. & Helmy I." box="[1227,1505,1609,1632]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 579" refId="ref15145" refString="Osborn D. J., Helmy I. 1980. The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai). Fieldiana Zoology 1309: i - xix, 1 - 579." type="journal article" year="1980">Osborn and Helmy 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Tail is brownish-black (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FB9BF99BFAF093C9" author="Thomas O." box="[1112,1280,1641,1664]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" pagination="467 - 472" refId="ref15895" refString="Thomas O. 1894 b. On some gazelles brought by Sir Edmund Loder from Algeria. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1894: 467 - 472." type="journal article" year="1894">Thomas 1894b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FAD1F99BFC8F93E9" author="Sclater P. L. & Thomas O." pageId="3" pageNumber="3" refId="ref15516" refString="Sclater P. L., Thomas O. 1898. The book of antelopes. Volume III. R. H. Porter, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1898">Sclater and Thomas 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Lydekker and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FB8EF97BFB2F93E9" author="Blaine G." box="[1101,1247,1673,1696]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" refId="ref14879" refString="Lydekker R, Blaine G. 1914. Catalogue of the ungulate mammals in the British Museum Natural History. Volume III. Artiodactyla, families Bovidae, subfamilies Aepycerotinae to Tragelaphinae, Antilocapridae, and Giraffidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1914">Blaine 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Coloration does not differ markedly between sexes or age classes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FA95F95BFA119389" author="Cuvier F." box="[1366,1505,1705,1728]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" pagination="72" refId="ref12952" refString="Cuvier F. 1842. Antilope a longue cornes. In: Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire E., Cuvier F., editors. Histoire naturelle des mammiferes: avec des figures originales, coloriees, dessinees d'apresdes animaux vivans. Tome 7, Livraison 72. Chez A. Blaise, Paris, France." type="book chapter" year="1842">Cuvier 1842</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Individuals from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0372477FBD3F93BFBA293A9" box="[1040,1106,1737,1760]" name="Egypt" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
are “somewhat smaller and darker” than those from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0372477FC34F91BFBBB9249" box="[1015,1099,1769,1792]" name="Algeria" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0372477FBBEF91BFB209249" box="[1149,1232,1769,1792]" name="Tunisia" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FB1CF91BFC869269" author="Osborn D. J. & Helmy I." pageId="3" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 579" refId="ref15145" refString="Osborn D. J., Helmy I. 1980. The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai). Fieldiana Zoology 1309: i - xix, 1 - 579." type="journal article" year="1980">Osborn and Helmy 1980: 493</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0372470FCB0F8DBFE839409" blockId="3.[840,1523,201,1952]" lastBlockId="4.[109,793,201,1504]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Inguinal pockets, containing inguinal glands, are present in males and females; interdigital and lacrimal glands are also present (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FC65F89BFBDC92C9" author="Cuvier F." box="[934,1068,1897,1920]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" pagination="72" refId="ref12952" refString="Cuvier F. 1842. Antilope a longue cornes. In: Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire E., Cuvier F., editors. Histoire naturelle des mammiferes: avec des figures originales, coloriees, dessinees d'apresdes animaux vivans. Tome 7, Livraison 72. Chez A. Blaise, Paris, France." type="book chapter" year="1842">Cuvier 1842</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0372477FBFFF89BFAB792C9" author="Osborn D. J. & Helmy I." box="[1084,1351,1897,1920]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 579" refId="ref15145" refString="Osborn D. J., Helmy I. 1980. The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai). Fieldiana Zoology 1309: i - xix, 1 - 579." type="journal article" year="1980">Osborn and Helmy 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Short but distinct “knee brushes” of dark hair occur on carpal joints of front legs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FF6BFF3BFE4A95A9" author="Sclater P. L. & Thomas O." box="[168,442,201,224]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" refId="ref15516" refString="Sclater P. L., Thomas O. 1898. The book of antelopes. Volume III. R. H. Porter, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1898">Sclater and Thomas 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FE0AFF3BFD2295A9" author="Osborn D. J. & Helmy I." box="[457,722,201,224]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 579" refId="ref15145" refString="Osborn D. J., Helmy I. 1980. The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai). Fieldiana Zoology 1309: i - xix, 1 - 579." type="journal article" year="1980">Osborn and Helmy 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Stiff hairs between dew claws and hooves are brown to blackish (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FFB5FEFBFEEB9469" author="Fitzinger L. J. von" box="[118,283,265,288]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="128 - 182" refId="ref13515" refString="Fitzinger L. J. von. 1869. Die Gattungen der Familie der Antilopen (Antilopae) nach ihrer naturlichen Verwandschaft. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wisseschaften. Mathematisch- Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, Abt. 1, Band LIX, Heft 2: 128 - 182." type="journal article" year="1869">Fitzinger 1869</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FEF1FEFBFDA49469" author="Osborn D. J. & Helmy I." box="[306,596,265,288]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 579" refId="ref15145" refString="Osborn D. J., Helmy I. 1980. The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai). Fieldiana Zoology 1309: i - xix, 1 - 579." type="journal article" year="1980">Osborn and Helmy 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). There are two mammae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FF1CFEDBFE939409" author="Cuvier F." box="[223,355,297,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="72" refId="ref12952" refString="Cuvier F. 1842. Antilope a longue cornes. In: Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire E., Cuvier F., editors. Histoire naturelle des mammiferes: avec des figures originales, coloriees, dessinees d'apresdes animaux vivans. Tome 7, Livraison 72. Chez A. Blaise, Paris, France." type="book chapter" year="1842">Cuvier 1842</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0302470FF5BFEBBFCF090A9" blockId="4.[109,793,201,1504]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Both sexes have the characteristic slender horns that give
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0302470FFAEFE9BFF0D94C9" box="[109,253,361,384]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0302470FFAEFE9BFF0D94C9" box="[109,253,361,384]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
its scientific and common names. In males, horns are generally straight with a slight backward bend; in mature individuals, horns possess 24–30 encircling ridges that become less pronounced approaching the smooth tips (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2596D298F0302470FD40FE3BFD3794A9" box="[643,711,457,480]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[109,144,1763,1784]" captionTargetBox="[341,1295,200,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-6@5.[336,1296,200,1733]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2.—Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of skull and lateral view of mandible of an adult male Gazella leptoceros (USNM [United States National Museum] 322065), collected by H. Hoogstraal at Wadi Rayan in Egypt, 18 April 1951. Greatest length of skull is 170 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621082/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FD18FE3BFF529749" author="Pease A. E." pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="809 - 814" refId="ref15179" refString="Pease A. E. 1896. On the antelopes of the Aures and eastern Algerian Sahara. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 64: 809 - 814." type="journal article" year="1896">Pease 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FF75FE1BFE249749" author="Sclater P. L. & Thomas O." box="[182,468,489,512]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" refId="ref15516" refString="Sclater P. L., Thomas O. 1898. The book of antelopes. Volume III. R. H. Porter, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1898">Sclater and Thomas 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Lydekker and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FD49FE1BFCE09749" author="Blaine G." box="[650,784,489,512]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" refId="ref14879" refString="Lydekker R, Blaine G. 1914. Catalogue of the ungulate mammals in the British Museum Natural History. Volume III. Artiodactyla, families Bovidae, subfamilies Aepycerotinae to Tragelaphinae, Antilocapridae, and Giraffidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1914">Blaine 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FFAEFDFBFE829769" author="Osborn D. J. & Helmy I." box="[109,370,521,544]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 579" refId="ref15145" refString="Osborn D. J., Helmy I. 1980. The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai). Fieldiana Zoology 1309: i - xix, 1 - 579." type="journal article" year="1980">Osborn and Helmy 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Horn bases are close together (
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0302470FD0EFDFBFCE79769" box="[717,791,521,544]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
|
||
apart in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="621670BFF0302470FF30FDDBFED19709" box="[243,289,553,576]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0302470FE7BFDDBFDC29709" box="[440,562,553,576]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">
|
||
G. l.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0302470FE31FDDBFDC29709" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1894" box="[498,562,553,576]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loderi">loderi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) and nearly circular; basal circumference is
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0302470FEA8FDBBFE1E9729" box="[363,494,585,608]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.015" metricValueMax="1.14" metricValueMin="0.89" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="101.5" valueMax="114.0" valueMin="89.0">89–114 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FDC2FDBBFD529729" author="Thomas O." box="[513,674,585,608]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="467 - 472" refId="ref15895" refString="Thomas O. 1894 b. On some gazelles brought by Sir Edmund Loder from Algeria. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1894: 467 - 472." type="journal article" year="1894">Thomas 1894b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Lydekker and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FF5EFD9BFED097C9" author="Blaine G." box="[157,288,617,640]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" refId="ref14879" refString="Lydekker R, Blaine G. 1914. Catalogue of the ungulate mammals in the British Museum Natural History. Volume III. Artiodactyla, families Bovidae, subfamilies Aepycerotinae to Tragelaphinae, Antilocapridae, and Giraffidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1914">Blaine 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FEF3FD9BFE4A97C9" author="Groves C. P." box="[304,442,617,640]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="38 - 60" refId="ref13953" refString="Groves C. P. 1969. On the smaller gazelles of the genus Gazella de Blainville, 1816. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde 34: 38 - 60." type="journal article" year="1969">Groves 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Horns form an evenly tapered profile with a variable degree of divergence; tip-to-tip distance can measure
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0302470FEF8FD5BFE4C9789" box="[315,444,681,704]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7449999999999999" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="0.89" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="174.5" valueMax="260.0" valueMin="89.0">89–260 mm</quantity>
|
||
(Lydekker and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FDABFD5BFD1A9789" author="Blaine G." box="[616,746,681,704]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" refId="ref14879" refString="Lydekker R, Blaine G. 1914. Catalogue of the ungulate mammals in the British Museum Natural History. Volume III. Artiodactyla, families Bovidae, subfamilies Aepycerotinae to Tragelaphinae, Antilocapridae, and Giraffidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1914">Blaine 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In general, horns of mature males are roughly twice the length of the skull (Lydekker and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FEB3FD1BFE029649" author="Blaine G." box="[368,498,745,768]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" refId="ref14879" refString="Lydekker R, Blaine G. 1914. Catalogue of the ungulate mammals in the British Museum Natural History. Volume III. Artiodactyla, families Bovidae, subfamilies Aepycerotinae to Tragelaphinae, Antilocapridae, and Giraffidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1914">Blaine 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<specimenCount id="ABAB0594F0302470FDCBFD1BFD979649" box="[520,615,745,768]" count="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" type="adult">Six adult</specimenCount>
|
||
male specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FF65FCFBFF069669" box="[166,246,777,800]" name="Algeria" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FEEAFCFBFE889669" box="[297,376,777,800]" name="Tunisia" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(labeled as
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0302470FE35FCFBFD9B9669" box="[502,619,777,800]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">
|
||
G. l.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0302470FDE8FCFBFD9B9669" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1894" box="[555,619,777,800]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loderi">loderi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) had an average horn length of
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0302470FECDFCDBFE8A9609" box="[270,378,809,832]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.975" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="297.5">297.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
± 15.8
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0302470FE0CFCDBFE009609" box="[463,496,809,832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">SD</emphasis>
|
||
; six comparable specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FF64FCBBFF179629" box="[167,231,841,864]" name="Egypt" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
(labeled as
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0302470FEA0FCBBFDF49629" box="[355,516,841,864]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">
|
||
G. l.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0302470FE55FCBBFDF49629" box="[406,516,841,864]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">leptoceros</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) had overall longer horns, with an average length of 337.3 ±
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0302470FDC2FC9BFD9596C9" box="[513,613,873,896]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.83" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="28.3">28.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FDB8FC9BFCF896C9" author="Groves C. P." box="[635,776,873,896]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="38 - 60" refId="ref13953" refString="Groves C. P. 1969. On the smaller gazelles of the genus Gazella de Blainville, 1816. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde 34: 38 - 60." type="journal article" year="1969">Groves 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FFAEFC7BFEC596E9" author="Flower S. S." box="[109,309,905,928]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="368 - 450" refId="ref13563" refString="Flower S. S. 1932. Notes on the recent mammals of Egypt, with a list of the species recorded from that kingdom. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1932: 368 - 450." type="journal article" year="1932">Flower (1932:439)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported that
|
||
<quote id="CF52390FF0302470FE09FC7BFE1A9689" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">
|
||
“good horns of male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0302470FD69FC7BFCE896E9" box="[682,792,905,928]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0302470FD69FC7BFCE896E9" box="[682,792,905,928]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FF49FC5BFF3A9689" box="[138,202,937,960]" name="Egypt" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
are from
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0302470FEF7FC5BFE2B9689" box="[308,475,937,960]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.775" metricValueMax="3.95" metricValueMin="3.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="377.5" valueMax="395.0" valueMin="360.0">360 to 395 mm</quantity>
|
||
,”
|
||
</quote>
|
||
and horns from three skulls from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FF68FC3BFF1B96A9" box="[171,235,969,992]" name="Egypt" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
examined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FE48FC3BFD5F96A9" author="Osborn D. J. & Helmy I." box="[395,687,969,992]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 579" refId="ref15145" refString="Osborn D. J., Helmy I. 1980. The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai). Fieldiana Zoology 1309: i - xix, 1 - 579." type="journal article" year="1980">Osborn and Helmy (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
averaged
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0302470FFAEFC1BFF129149" box="[109,226,1001,1024]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.266" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="326.6">326.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
(range
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0302470FE85FC1BFE119149" box="[326,481,1001,1024]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="3.66" metricValueMin="2.94" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="330.0" valueMax="366.0" valueMin="294.0">294–366 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Maximum recorded horn length is
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0302470FF17FBFBFEDF9169" box="[212,303,1033,1056]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.12" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="412.0">412 mm</quantity>
|
||
(from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FEBCFBFBFE4E9169" box="[383,446,1033,1056]" name="Egypt" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FE1AFBFBFCF79169" author="Beudels R. & Devillers P." box="[473,775,1033,1056]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="352 - 355" refId="ref12489" refString="Beudels R. C, Devillers P. 2013. Gazella leptoceros. In: Kingdon J. S., Hoffmann M., editors. The mammals of Africa. Vol. 6. Pigs, deer, giraffe, bovids, and hippos. Bloomsbury Publishing, London, United Kingdom; p. 352 - 355." type="book chapter" year="2013">Beudels and Devillers 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); the longest horn from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FE98FBDBFE5A9109" box="[347,426,1065,1088]" name="Tunisia" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
||
measured
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0302470FDDDFBDBFD869109" box="[542,630,1065,1088]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.029999999999999" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="403.0">403 mm</quantity>
|
||
(Lydekker and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FFAEFBBBFF029129" author="Blaine G." box="[109,242,1097,1120]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" refId="ref14879" refString="Lydekker R, Blaine G. 1914. Catalogue of the ungulate mammals in the British Museum Natural History. Volume III. Artiodactyla, families Bovidae, subfamilies Aepycerotinae to Tragelaphinae, Antilocapridae, and Giraffidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1914">Blaine 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FEC0FBBBFE149129" author="Devillers P. & Beudels-Jamar R. C. & Lafontaine R. - M. & Devillers-Terschuren J." box="[259,484,1097,1120]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="71 - 81" refId="ref13066" refString="Devillers P., Beudels-Jamar R. C., Lafontaine R. - M., Devillers-Terschuren J. 2006. Gazella leptoceros. In: Beudels R. C., Devillers P., Lafontaine R. - M., Devillers-Terschuren J., Beudels M. - O., editors. Sahelo- Saharan antelopes. Status and perspectives. CMS SSA Concerted Action. 2 nd ed. CMS Technical Series Publication No. 11. UNEP / CMS Secretariat, Bonn, Germany; p. 71 - 81." type="book chapter" year="2006">Devillers et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Horns of females are significantly thinner than those of males, although they approach similar lengths (78–83.5% of male horn length in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FD64FB7BFD1791E9" box="[679,743,1161,1184]" name="Egypt" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FFAEFB5BFF309189" box="[109,192,1193,1216]" name="Algeria" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
, respectively—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FEA6FB5BFD839189" author="Sclater P. L. & Thomas O." box="[357,627,1193,1216]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" refId="ref15516" refString="Sclater P. L., Thomas O. 1898. The book of antelopes. Volume III. R. H. Porter, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1898">Sclater and Thomas 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FD42FB5BFCF89189" author="Groves C. P." box="[641,776,1193,1216]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="38 - 60" refId="ref13953" refString="Groves C. P. 1969. On the smaller gazelles of the genus Gazella de Blainville, 1816. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde 34: 38 - 60." type="journal article" year="1969">Groves 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Horn profile in females tends to be particularly straight, with the surface annulations being much shallower and less distinct (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FFB5FAFBFE279069" author="Anderson J. & de Winton W. E." box="[118,471,1289,1312]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="343 - 347" refId="ref12239" refString="Anderson J., de Winton W. E. 1902. Zoology of Egypt. Vol. 2. Mammalia. Hugh Rees Ltd, London, United Kingdom; p. 343 - 347." type="book chapter" year="1902">Anderson and de Winton 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FE2EFAFBFCF89069" author="Osborn D. J. & Helmy I." box="[493,776,1289,1312]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 579" refId="ref15145" refString="Osborn D. J., Helmy I. 1980. The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai). Fieldiana Zoology 1309: i - xix, 1 - 579." type="journal article" year="1980">Osborn and Helmy 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The thin horns of females are prone to deformities, both in the wild (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FF71FABBFE6D9029" author="Meliane M. K. & Saidi A. & Petretto M. & Gilbert T. & Nasri-Ammar K." box="[178,413,1353,1376]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="22408" refId="ref15025" refString="Meliane M. K., Saidi A., Petretto M., Gilbert T., Nasri-Ammar K. 2023 b. Temporal and spatial distribution of dorcas and slender- horned gazelles in a Saharan habitat. The Journal of Wildlife Management 2023: e 22408." type="journal article" year="2023">Meliane et al. 2023b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and under human care. As with males, a location-based trend is seen in female horn length, with western populations generally having shorter horns: mean 248.4 ± 19.0 mm (from five skulls) compared to 273.0 mm (mean of two skulls) from eastern populations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FDABFA3BFD0090A9" author="Groves C. P." box="[616,752,1481,1504]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="38 - 60" refId="ref13953" refString="Groves C. P. 1969. On the smaller gazelles of the genus Gazella de Blainville, 1816. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde 34: 38 - 60." type="journal article" year="1969">Groves 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F5B79D96F030247CFE95F9EDFEE791F7" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0302470FE95F9EDFDDE9370" blockId="4.[342,558,1567,1593]" box="[342,558,1567,1593]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0302470FE95F9EDFDDE9370" bold="true" box="[342,558,1567,1593]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">DISTRIBUTION</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0302470FF5BF990FCE893B0" blockId="4.[109,813,1634,1945]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0302470FF5BF990FE969330" box="[152,358,1634,1657]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0302470FF5BF990FE969330" box="[152,358,1634,1657]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Gazella leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sparsely distributed throughout the Sahara Desert in
|
||
<location id="B87298C6F0302470FEEEF970FE2493D0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:35047F0BF035247CFF29FBE1FEE791F7:B87298C6F0302470FEEEF970FE2493D0" box="[301,468,1666,1689]" country="Algeria, Tunisia" county="Confirmed" longitude="-4.3333335" municipality="Nile River" name="northern Africa" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">northern Africa</location>
|
||
from longitude
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D899A8DAF0302470FD4AF970FD0A93D3" box="[649,762,1665,1690]" degrees="4" direction="west" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" precision="925" value="-4.3333335">W 4°20ʹ</geoCoordinate>
|
||
east to the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="5D765467F0302470FF71F950FED193F0" box="[178,289,1698,1721]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Nile River</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FEF1F950FE4993F0" author="Flower S. S." box="[306,441,1698,1721]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="368 - 450" refId="ref13563" refString="Flower S. S. 1932. Notes on the recent mammals of Egypt, with a list of the species recorded from that kingdom. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1932: 368 - 450." type="journal article" year="1932">Flower 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FE0AF950FD7E93F0" author="Mallon D. & Barrios V. & Senn H." box="[457,654,1698,1721]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" refId="ref14928" refString="Mallon D., Barrios V., Senn H. 2020. Slender-horned gazelle Gazella leptoceros. Conservation Strategy 2020 - 2029. IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group and Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom." type="book" year="2020">Mallon et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCounty id="5473B691F0302470FD65F950FCE893F0" box="[678,792,1698,1721]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Confirmed</collectingCounty>
|
||
records of occurrence, collected from 2000 to 2020, are limited to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FF7BF910FE9893B0" box="[184,360,1762,1785]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FF7BF910FEFB93B0" box="[184,267,1762,1785]" name="Algeria" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FED5F910FE9893B0" box="[278,360,1762,1785]" name="Tunisia" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FEB7F910FE4593B0" box="[372,437,1762,1785]" name="Libya" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Libya</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FE2CF910FDDF93B0" box="[495,559,1762,1785]" name="Egypt" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="2596D298F0302470FDFCF910FD8E93B0" box="[575,638,1762,1785]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[111,146,718,739]" captionTargetBox="[336,1295,211,686]" captionTargetId="figure-678@6.[334,1297,200,688]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3.—Distribution of Gazella leptoceros in North Africa with four areas of recent occurrence, redrawn from information in Mallon et al. (2020): 1) Grand Erg Occidental (= Great Western Sand Sea), Algeria; 2) Grand Erg Oriental (= Great Eastern Sand Sea), Algeria and Tunisia; 3) Jaghboub, Libya and Siwa, Egypt (both towns associated with oases); and 4) Qattara Depression, Egypt. Question marks indicate areas with possible but unconfirmed recent occurrences of G. leptoceros: Erg d’Admer of southeastern Algeria, Tenéré in northern Niger, and disjunct areas in southwestern Libya (Fezzan region) and southeastern Libya (near Jebel Uweinat)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621084/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FD4DF910FCE893B0" author="Mallon D. & Barrios V. & Senn H." box="[654,792,1762,1785]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" refId="ref14928" refString="Mallon D., Barrios V., Senn H. 2020. Slender-horned gazelle Gazella leptoceros. Conservation Strategy 2020 - 2029. IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group and Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom." type="book" year="2020">Mallon et al.</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0302470FFAEF8F0FC7D9689" blockId="4.[109,813,1634,1945]" lastBlockId="4.[840,1523,201,1600]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">
|
||
2020), with the current extent of known occurrence covering an estimated
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0302470FF3CF8D0FE719270" box="[255,385,1826,1849]" metricMagnitude="8" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8200499999999997" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" unit="km" value="182005.0">182,005 km</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="4AD86355F0302470FE42F8D2FE799267" attach="left" box="[385,393,1824,1838]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">2</superScript>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FE59F8D0FD929270" author="Durant S. M. & Wacher T. & Bashir S. & Woodroffe R. & De Ornellas P. & Ransom C. & Newby J. & Abaigar T. & Abdelgadir M. & El Alqamy H." box="[410,610,1826,1849]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="114 - 122" refId="ref13285" refString="Durant S. M., Wacher T., Bashir S., Woodroffe R., De Ornellas P., Ransom C., Newby J., Abaigar T., Abdelgadir M., El Alqamy H., et al. 2014. Fiddling in biodiversity hotspots while deserts burn? Collapse of the Sahara's megafauna. Diversity and Distributions 20: 114 - 122." type="journal article" year="2014">Durant et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FD5AF8D0FD199270" box="[665,745,1826,1849]" name="Algeria" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FFAEF8B0FF4F9210" box="[109,191,1858,1881]" name="Tunisia" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0302470FEAEF8B0FE0E9210" box="[365,510,1858,1881]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0302470FEAEF8B0FE0E9210" box="[365,510,1858,1881]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
closely matches the large ergs (sand seas) south of the Atlas Mountains, particularly the Grand Erg Occidental (Great Western Sand Sea) of northwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FC8BFF3BFC6895A9" box="[840,920,201,224]" name="Algeria" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the Grand Erg Oriental (Great Eastern Sand Sea) that straddles the border of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FBFBFF1BFB789449" box="[1080,1160,233,256]" name="Algeria" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FB7AFF1BFAF89449" box="[1209,1288,233,256]" name="Tunisia" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FAD4FF1BFA1B9449" author="Devillers P. & Beudels-Jamar R. C. & Lafontaine R. - M. & Devillers-Terschuren J." box="[1303,1515,233,256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="71 - 81" refId="ref13066" refString="Devillers P., Beudels-Jamar R. C., Lafontaine R. - M., Devillers-Terschuren J. 2006. Gazella leptoceros. In: Beudels R. C., Devillers P., Lafontaine R. - M., Devillers-Terschuren J., Beudels M. - O., editors. Sahelo- Saharan antelopes. Status and perspectives. CMS SSA Concerted Action. 2 nd ed. CMS Technical Series Publication No. 11. UNEP / CMS Secretariat, Bonn, Germany; p. 71 - 81." type="book chapter" year="2006">Devillers et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FC8BFEFBFBFE9469" author="Mallon D. & Barrios V. & Senn H." box="[840,1038,265,288]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" refId="ref14928" refString="Mallon D., Barrios V., Senn H. 2020. Slender-horned gazelle Gazella leptoceros. Conservation Strategy 2020 - 2029. IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group and Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom." type="book" year="2020">Mallon et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0302470FBE5FEFBFB1E9469" box="[1062,1262,265,288]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0302470FBE5FEFBFB1E9469" box="[1062,1262,265,288]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Gazella leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was once present in the Erg Iguidi in western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FBE8FEDBFB8B9409" box="[1067,1147,297,320]" name="Algeria" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
but is now extirpated (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FAA8FEDBFC319429" author="De Smet K. & Smith T. R." pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="22 - 29" refId="ref13007" refString="De Smet K., Smith T. R. 2001. Algeria. In: Mallon D. P., Kingswood S., editors. Antelopes. Global survey and regional action plans. Part 4. North Africa and the Middle East. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland; p. 22 - 29." type="book chapter" year="2001">De Smet and Smith 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It was historically found in the Erg d’Admer (southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FC5AFE9BFC1B94C9" box="[921,1003,361,384]" name="Algeria" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
) where it was noted as rare by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FAF5FE9BFA1C94C9" author="Lavauden L." box="[1334,1516,361,384]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="11 - 27" refId="ref14681" refString="Lavauden L. 1926. Les gazelles du Sahara centrale. Bulletin de la Societe d'histoire naturelle de l'Afrique du Nord 17: 11 - 27." type="journal article" year="1926">Lavauden (1926)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; there have been no confirmed observations in recent decades (CITES 2007). In the Tunisian Grand Erg Oriental, a ground survey in
|
||
<date id="C913E8DDF0302470FC7AFE3BFBBF94A9" box="[953,1103,457,480]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" value="2020-10">October 2020</date>
|
||
directly observed and recorded signs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0302470FCA4FE1BFC089749" box="[871,1016,489,512]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0302470FCA4FE1BFC089749" box="[871,1016,489,512]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on three occasions between Jbil and Senghar-Jabbes national parks, but an aerial survey in
|
||
<date id="C913E8DDF0302470FAF5FDFBFA389769" box="[1334,1480,521,544]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" value="2019-10">October 2019</date>
|
||
did not find
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0302470FC6AFDDBFBCB9709" box="[937,1083,553,576]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0302470FC6AFDDBFBCB9709" box="[937,1083,553,576]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
south of Senghar-Jabbes National Park (although unspecified ungulate spoor was observed—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FA41FDBBFC5897C9" author="Meliane M. K. & Petretto M. & Saidi A. & Riordan P. & Woodfine T. & Guedara H. & Mahdhi S. & Gilbert T." pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="104874" refId="ref14969" refString="Meliane M. K., Petretto M., Saidi A., Riordan P., Woodfine T., Guedara H., Mahdhi S., Gilbert T. 2023 a. Finding slender-horned gazelles in the Sahara's Grand Erg Oriental, Tunisia. Journal of Arid Environments 208: 104874." type="journal article" year="2023">Meliane et al. 2023a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Distribution in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FB9CFD9BFB6F97C9" box="[1119,1183,617,640]" name="Egypt" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FB12FD9BFAFF97C9" box="[1233,1295,617,640]" name="Libya" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Libya</collectingCountry>
|
||
has contracted markedly over the past century:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0302470FBBFFD7BFAFF97E9" box="[1148,1295,649,672]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0302470FBBFFD7BFAFF97E9" box="[1148,1295,649,672]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was formerly found throughout the western desert of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FB6FFD5BFB1C9789" box="[1196,1260,681,704]" name="Egypt" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FB3FFD5BFA849789" author="Saleh M. A." box="[1276,1396,681,704]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="48 - 54" refId="ref15391" refString="Saleh M. A. 2001. Egypt. In: Mallon D. P., Kingswood S., editors. Antelopes. Global survey and regional action plans. Part 4. North Africa and the Middle East. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland; p. 48 - 54." type="book chapter" year="2001">Saleh 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and in numerous localities in Fezzan of southwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FA82FD3BFA8F97A9" box="[1345,1407,713,736]" name="Libya" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Libya</collectingCountry>
|
||
(e.g., Erg Edeyen—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FC71FD1BFBA69649" author="Lavauden L." box="[946,1110,745,768]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="11 - 27" refId="ref14681" refString="Lavauden L. 1926. Les gazelles du Sahara centrale. Bulletin de la Societe d'histoire naturelle de l'Afrique du Nord 17: 11 - 27." type="journal article" year="1926">Lavauden 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) into the 1950s (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FAC8FD1BFA799649" author="Setzer H. W." box="[1291,1417,745,768]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="41 - 82" refId="ref15546" refString="Setzer H. W. 1957. A review of Libyan mammals. Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association 32: 41 - 82." type="journal article" year="1957">Setzer 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FA54FD1BFBF19669" author="Khattabi K. & Mallon D. P." pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="41 - 47" refId="ref14349" refString="Khattabi K., Mallon D. P. 2001. Libya. In: Mallon D. P., Kingswood S., editors. Antelopes. Global survey and regional action plans. Part 4. North Africa and the Middle East. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland; p. 41 - 47." type="book chapter" year="2001">Khattabi and Mallon 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Most recent records from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FAF6FCFBFA859669" box="[1333,1397,777,800]" name="Egypt" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
come from scattered localities in the Qattara Depression and areas west of the Siwa Oasis adjacent to the Libyan border (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FA8EFCBBFC3E96C9" author="El Alqamy H. & El Din B." pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="5 - 18" refId="ref13393" refString="El Alqamy H., El Din B. 2006. Contemporary status and distribution of gazelle species (Gazella dorcas and Gazella leptoceros) in Egypt. Zoology in the Middle East 39: 5 - 18." type="journal article" year="2006">El Alqamy and El Din 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). There are no confirmed data on current areas of occurrence in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FC27FC7BFBD296E9" box="[996,1058,905,928]" name="Libya" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Libya</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FBF6FC7BFAA596E9" author="Khattabi K. & Mallon D. P." box="[1077,1365,905,928]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="41 - 47" refId="ref14349" refString="Khattabi K., Mallon D. P. 2001. Libya. In: Mallon D. P., Kingswood S., editors. Antelopes. Global survey and regional action plans. Part 4. North Africa and the Middle East. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland; p. 41 - 47." type="book chapter" year="2001">Khattabi and Mallon 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FAA5FC7BFC8D9689" author="Mallon D. & Barrios V. & Senn H." pageId="4" pageNumber="4" refId="ref14928" refString="Mallon D., Barrios V., Senn H. 2020. Slender-horned gazelle Gazella leptoceros. Conservation Strategy 2020 - 2029. IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group and Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom." type="book" year="2020">Mallon et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0302470FCB0FC3BFC229309" blockId="4.[840,1523,201,1600]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Limits of distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0302470FBBDFC3BFAFE96A9" box="[1150,1294,969,992]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0302470FBBDFC3BFAFE96A9" box="[1150,1294,969,992]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are unclear. A single record of a male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0302470FBCDFC1BFB519149" box="[1038,1185,1001,1024]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0302470FBCDFC1BFB519149" box="[1038,1185,1001,1024]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shot in northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FA51FC1BFA029149" box="[1426,1522,1001,1024]" name="Morocco" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
in 1954 has since been attributed as either misidentification or an accidental occurrence (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FBAFFBDBFAA09109" author="Devillers P. & Beudels-Jamar R. C. & Lafontaine R. - M. & Devillers-Terschuren J." box="[1132,1360,1065,1088]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="71 - 81" refId="ref13066" refString="Devillers P., Beudels-Jamar R. C., Lafontaine R. - M., Devillers-Terschuren J. 2006. Gazella leptoceros. In: Beudels R. C., Devillers P., Lafontaine R. - M., Devillers-Terschuren J., Beudels M. - O., editors. Sahelo- Saharan antelopes. Status and perspectives. CMS SSA Concerted Action. 2 nd ed. CMS Technical Series Publication No. 11. UNEP / CMS Secretariat, Bonn, Germany; p. 71 - 81." type="book chapter" year="2006">Devillers et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FAA0FBDBFC8D9129" author="Mallon D. & Barrios V. & Senn H." pageId="4" pageNumber="4" refId="ref14928" refString="Mallon D., Barrios V., Senn H. 2020. Slender-horned gazelle Gazella leptoceros. Conservation Strategy 2020 - 2029. IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group and Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom." type="book" year="2020">Mallon et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). There are no records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0302470FB56FBBBFAD49129" box="[1173,1316,1097,1120]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0302470FB56FBBBFAD49129" box="[1173,1316,1097,1120]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from southwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FC8BFB9BFC6891C9" box="[840,920,1129,1152]" name="Algeria" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
or
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FC79FB9BFBDF91C9" box="[954,1071,1129,1152]" name="Mauritania" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Mauritania</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FBFDFB9BFAE491C9" author="Devillers P. & Beudels-Jamar R. C. & Lafontaine R. - M. & Devillers-Terschuren J." box="[1086,1300,1129,1152]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="71 - 81" refId="ref13066" refString="Devillers P., Beudels-Jamar R. C., Lafontaine R. - M., Devillers-Terschuren J. 2006. Gazella leptoceros. In: Beudels R. C., Devillers P., Lafontaine R. - M., Devillers-Terschuren J., Beudels M. - O., editors. Sahelo- Saharan antelopes. Status and perspectives. CMS SSA Concerted Action. 2 nd ed. CMS Technical Series Publication No. 11. UNEP / CMS Secretariat, Bonn, Germany; p. 71 - 81." type="book chapter" year="2006">Devillers et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FAE2FB9BFA1391C9" author="Mallon D. & Barrios V. & Senn H." box="[1313,1507,1129,1152]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" refId="ref14928" refString="Mallon D., Barrios V., Senn H. 2020. Slender-horned gazelle Gazella leptoceros. Conservation Strategy 2020 - 2029. IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group and Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom." type="book" year="2020">Mallon et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FC76FB7BFB5491E9" author="Devillers P. & Beudels-Jamar R. C. & Lafontaine R. - M. & Devillers-Terschuren J." box="[949,1188,1161,1184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="71 - 81" refId="ref13066" refString="Devillers P., Beudels-Jamar R. C., Lafontaine R. - M., Devillers-Terschuren J. 2006. Gazella leptoceros. In: Beudels R. C., Devillers P., Lafontaine R. - M., Devillers-Terschuren J., Beudels M. - O., editors. Sahelo- Saharan antelopes. Status and perspectives. CMS SSA Concerted Action. 2 nd ed. CMS Technical Series Publication No. 11. UNEP / CMS Secretariat, Bonn, Germany; p. 71 - 81." type="book chapter" year="2006">Devillers et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that the distribution might extend into
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FBD3FB5BFBB29189" box="[1040,1090,1193,1216]" name="Serbia" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Mali</collectingCountry>
|
||
based on proximity to appropriate habitat in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FC49FB3BFC2D91A9" box="[906,989,1225,1248]" name="Algeria" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
, there are no records to confirm this. In the central Sahara,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0302470FC5EFB1BFBDA9049" box="[925,1066,1257,1280]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0302470FC5EFB1BFBDA9049" box="[925,1066,1257,1280]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was present in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FAE8FB1BFA989049" box="[1323,1384,1257,1280]" name="Niger" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Niger</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Ténéré) and northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FC6FFAFBFC149069" box="[940,996,1289,1312]" name="Chad" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Chad</collectingCountry>
|
||
(near
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F6900FFF0302470FBEEFAFBFB889069" box="[1069,1144,1289,1312]" country="Chad" name="Tibesti" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Tibesti</collectingRegion>
|
||
) as recently as the 1970s; modern records in these areas are scant and unconfirmed and might represent transitive movements from the north (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FA91FABBFC8D90C9" author="Devillers P. & Beudels-Jamar R. C. & Lafontaine R. - M. & Devillers-Terschuren J." pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="71 - 81" refId="ref13066" refString="Devillers P., Beudels-Jamar R. C., Lafontaine R. - M., Devillers-Terschuren J. 2006. Gazella leptoceros. In: Beudels R. C., Devillers P., Lafontaine R. - M., Devillers-Terschuren J., Beudels M. - O., editors. Sahelo- Saharan antelopes. Status and perspectives. CMS SSA Concerted Action. 2 nd ed. CMS Technical Series Publication No. 11. UNEP / CMS Secretariat, Bonn, Germany; p. 71 - 81." type="book chapter" year="2006">Devillers et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FC49FA9BFBBB90C9" author="Mallon D. & Barrios V. & Senn H." box="[906,1099,1385,1408]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" refId="ref14928" refString="Mallon D., Barrios V., Senn H. 2020. Slender-horned gazelle Gazella leptoceros. Conservation Strategy 2020 - 2029. IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group and Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom." type="book" year="2020">Mallon et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Further historical records suggest past presence in southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FB92FA7BFB7F90E9" box="[1105,1167,1417,1440]" name="Libya" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Libya</collectingCountry>
|
||
and northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FA88FA7BFA7390E9" box="[1355,1411,1417,1440]" name="Chad" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Chad</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FA51FA7BFC489089" author="Devillers P. & Beudels-Jamar R. C. & Lafontaine R. - M. & Devillers-Terschuren J." pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="71 - 81" refId="ref13066" refString="Devillers P., Beudels-Jamar R. C., Lafontaine R. - M., Devillers-Terschuren J. 2006. Gazella leptoceros. In: Beudels R. C., Devillers P., Lafontaine R. - M., Devillers-Terschuren J., Beudels M. - O., editors. Sahelo- Saharan antelopes. Status and perspectives. CMS SSA Concerted Action. 2 nd ed. CMS Technical Series Publication No. 11. UNEP / CMS Secretariat, Bonn, Germany; p. 71 - 81." type="book chapter" year="2006">Devillers et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FC04FA5BFB7C9089" author="Mallon D. & Barrios V. & Senn H." box="[967,1164,1449,1472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" refId="ref14928" refString="Mallon D., Barrios V., Senn H. 2020. Slender-horned gazelle Gazella leptoceros. Conservation Strategy 2020 - 2029. IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group and Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom." type="book" year="2020">Mallon et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). There are no confirmed records from northwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FBD8FA3BFBAE90A9" box="[1051,1118,1481,1504]" name="Sudan" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FBB2FA3BFAA290A9" author="Devillers P. & Beudels-Jamar R. C. & Lafontaine R. - M. & Devillers-Terschuren J." box="[1137,1362,1481,1504]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="71 - 81" refId="ref13066" refString="Devillers P., Beudels-Jamar R. C., Lafontaine R. - M., Devillers-Terschuren J. 2006. Gazella leptoceros. In: Beudels R. C., Devillers P., Lafontaine R. - M., Devillers-Terschuren J., Beudels M. - O., editors. Sahelo- Saharan antelopes. Status and perspectives. CMS SSA Concerted Action. 2 nd ed. CMS Technical Series Publication No. 11. UNEP / CMS Secretariat, Bonn, Germany; p. 71 - 81." type="book chapter" year="2006">Devillers et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FAA7FA3BFC8D9349" author="Mallon D. & Barrios V. & Senn H." pageId="4" pageNumber="4" refId="ref14928" refString="Mallon D., Barrios V., Senn H. 2020. Slender-horned gazelle Gazella leptoceros. Conservation Strategy 2020 - 2029. IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group and Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom." type="book" year="2020">Mallon et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)—the
|
||
<typeStatus id="621670BFF0302470FC13FA1BFC0E9349" box="[976,1022,1513,1536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality originally given from southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FC8BF9FBFC7B9369" box="[840,907,1545,1568]" name="Sudan" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
by F.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FC17F9FBFB9E9369" author="Cuvier F." box="[980,1134,1545,1568]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="72" refId="ref12952" refString="Cuvier F. 1842. Antilope a longue cornes. In: Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire E., Cuvier F., editors. Histoire naturelle des mammiferes: avec des figures originales, coloriees, dessinees d'apresdes animaux vivans. Tome 7, Livraison 72. Chez A. Blaise, Paris, France." type="book chapter" year="1842">Cuvier (1842)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was corrected by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FAFAF9FBFA259369" author="Flower S. S." box="[1337,1493,1545,1568]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="368 - 450" refId="ref13563" refString="Flower S. S. 1932. Notes on the recent mammals of Egypt, with a list of the species recorded from that kingdom. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1932: 368 - 450." type="journal article" year="1932">Flower (1932)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to lower
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0302470FC48F9DBFC3E9309" box="[907,974,1577,1600]" name="Egypt" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0302470FBE5F98DFAE593D0" blockId="4.[1062,1301,1663,1689]" box="[1062,1301,1663,1689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0302470FBE5F98DFAE593D0" bold="true" box="[1062,1301,1663,1689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">FOSSIL RECORD</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0302472FCB0F930FD3D9129" blockId="4.[840,1523,1730,1945]" lastBlockId="6.[109,792,905,1504]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Distinct antelope-like species were abundant in Eurasia during the middle Miocene 14–15 million years ago (mya; e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FC8BF8F0FBFC9250" author="Korotkevich E. L." box="[840,1036,1794,1817]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="42 - 50" refId="ref14487" refString="Korotkevich E. L. 1968. On the problem of taxonomic position of Miocene gazelles in the south of the USSR. Vestnik Zoologii 1968: 42 - 50." type="journal article" year="1968">Korotkevich 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FBDCF8F0FB169250" author="Leslie D. M. Jr. & Groves C. P. & Abramov A. V." box="[1055,1254,1794,1817]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="124 - 137" refId="ref14766" refString="Leslie D. M. Jr., Groves C. P., Abramov A. V. 2010. Procapra przewalskii (Artiodactyla: Bovidae). Mammalian Species 42 (860): 124 - 137." type="journal article" year="2010">Leslie et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FB3AF8F0FA139250" author="Zang Z. - Q. & Yang R." box="[1273,1507,1794,1817]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref16190" refString="Zang Z. - Q., Yang R. 2016. Morphology and taxonomy of Gazella (Bovidae, Artiodacytyla) from the Late Miocene Bahe Formation, Lantian, Shaanxi Province, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 54: 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="2016">Zang and Yang 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FC8BF8D0FC189270" author="Pilgrim G. E." box="[840,1000,1826,1849]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 356" refId="ref15210" refString="Pilgrim G. E. 1939. The fossil Bovidae of India. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, New Series 26: 1 - 356 + plates I - VIII." type="book chapter" year="1939">Pilgrim (1939)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered Central Asia the evolutionary center of gazelle-like forms, but recent phylogenetic analyses suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0302470FCB9F890FC3D9230" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[890,973,1890,1913]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0302470FCB9F890FC3D9230" box="[890,973,1890,1913]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Gazella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
originated in the Middle East (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0302470FAF3F890FA139230" author="Lerp H. & Klaus S. & Allgower S. & Wronski T. & Pfenninger M. & Plath M." box="[1328,1507,1890,1913]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref14708" refString="Lerp H., Klaus S., Allgower S., Wronski T., Pfenninger M., Plath M. 2016. Phylogenetic analyses of gazelles reveal repeated transitions of key ecological traits and provide novel insights into the origin of the genus Gazella. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 98: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2016">Lerp et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0302470FC8BF870FC6B92D0" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[840,923,1922,1945]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0302470FC8BF870FC6B92D0" box="[840,923,1922,1945]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Gazella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been the most species-rich and widespread genus in the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0322472FF2AFC7BFEA996E9" box="[233,345,905,928]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Antilopini">Antilopini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, occurring throughout Africa and Eurasia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0322472FFB5FC5BFEE59689" author="Bibi F. & Bukhsianidze M. & Gentry A. W. & Geraads D. & Kostopoulos D. S. & Vrba E. S." box="[118,277,937,960]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref12550" refString="Bibi F., Bukhsianidze M., Gentry A. W., Geraads D., Kostopoulos D. S., Vrba E. S. 2009. The fossil record and evolution of Bovidae: state of the field. Palaeontologia Electronica 12.3.10 A: 1 - 11." type="book chapter" year="2009">Bibi et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Zang andYang 2016). Earliest fossils of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0322472FD06FC5BFCE89689" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[709,792,937,960]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0322472FD06FC5BFCE89689" box="[709,792,937,960]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Gazella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
date to the mid-Miocene of Fort Ternan,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0322472FDEDFC3BFD8596A9" box="[558,629,969,992]" name="Kenya" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
, about 14 mya (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0322472FFB5FC1BFF0C9149" author="Gentry A. W." box="[118,252,1001,1024]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="243 - 324" refId="ref13602" refString="Gentry A. W. 1970. The Bovidae (Mammalia) of the Fort Ternan fossil fauna. In: Leakey L. S. B., Savage R. J. G., editors. Fossil vertebrates in Africa. Volume 2. Academic Press, London, United Kingdom; p. 243 - 324." type="book chapter" year="1970">Gentry 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0322472FEC9FC1BFECF9149" author="Gentry A. W." box="[266,319,1001,1024]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="741 - 796" refId="ref13663" refString="Gentry A. W. 2010. Bovidae. In: Werdelin L., Sanders W. J., editors. Cenozoic mammals of Africa. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, USA; p. 741 - 796." type="book chapter" year="2010">2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0322472FE8DFC1BFDD59149" author="Shipman P. & Walker A. & Van Couvering J. A. & Hooker P. J. & Miller J. A." box="[334,549,1001,1024]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="49 - 72" refId="ref15572" refString="Shipman P., Walker A., Van Couvering J. A., Hooker P. J., Miller J. A. 1981. The Fort Ternan hominoid site, Kenya: geology, age, taphonomy and paleoecology. Journal of Human Evolution 10: 49 - 72." type="journal article" year="1981">Shipman et al. 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0322472FDFFFC1BFCE89149" authorityName="Arambourg" authorityYear="1959" box="[572,792,1001,1024]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praegaudryi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0322472FDFFFC1BFCE89149" box="[572,792,1001,1024]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Gazella praegaudryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was named from fossils (from ca. 10 mya) found near Bou Hanifia,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0322472FF09FBDBFEEA9109" box="[202,282,1065,1088]" name="Algeria" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0322472FEEFFBDBFE159109" author="Arambourg C." box="[300,485,1065,1088]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 159" refId="ref12311" refString="Arambourg C. 1959. Vertebres continentaux du Miocene superieur de l'Afrique du Nord. Publications du Service de la Carte Geologique de l'Algerie (Nouvelle Serie), Paleontologie, Memoire 4: 1 - 159." type="journal article" year="1959">Arambourg 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0322472FE35FBDBFD289109" author="Zang Z. - Q. & Yang R." box="[502,728,1065,1088]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref16190" refString="Zang Z. - Q., Yang R. 2016. Morphology and taxonomy of Gazella (Bovidae, Artiodacytyla) from the Late Miocene Bahe Formation, Lantian, Shaanxi Province, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 54: 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="2016">Zang and Yang 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), just north of the current distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0322472FE22FBBBFD9F9129" box="[481,623,1097,1120]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0322472FE22FBBBFD9F9129" box="[481,623,1097,1120]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="2596D298F0322472FDBCFBBBFD4D9129" box="[639,701,1097,1120]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[111,146,718,739]" captionTargetBox="[336,1295,211,686]" captionTargetId="figure-678@6.[334,1297,200,688]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3.—Distribution of Gazella leptoceros in North Africa with four areas of recent occurrence, redrawn from information in Mallon et al. (2020): 1) Grand Erg Occidental (= Great Western Sand Sea), Algeria; 2) Grand Erg Oriental (= Great Eastern Sand Sea), Algeria and Tunisia; 3) Jaghboub, Libya and Siwa, Egypt (both towns associated with oases); and 4) Qattara Depression, Egypt. Question marks indicate areas with possible but unconfirmed recent occurrences of G. leptoceros: Erg d’Admer of southeastern Algeria, Tenéré in northern Niger, and disjunct areas in southwestern Libya (Fezzan region) and southeastern Libya (near Jebel Uweinat)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621084/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="E9D29E95F0312471FFAEF911FAF7925F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10621082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621082/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" startId="5.[109,144,1763,1784]" targetBox="[341,1295,200,1732]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0312471FFAEF911FAF7925F" blockId="5.[109,1523,1763,1814]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0312471FFAEF911FF5C93B1" bold="true" box="[109,172,1763,1784]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
|
||
—Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of skull and lateral view of mandible of an adult male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0312471FBC4F911FB4A93B1" box="[1031,1210,1763,1784]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0312471FBC4F911FB4A93B1" box="[1031,1210,1763,1784]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Gazella leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(USNM [United States National Museum] 322065), collected by H. Hoogstraal at Wadi Rayan in Egypt, 18 April 1951. Greatest length of skull is 170 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="E9D29E95F0322472FFACFD3CFD0C9611" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621084" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10621084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621084/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" startId="6.[111,146,718,739]" targetBox="[336,1295,211,686]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0322472FFACFD3CFD0C9611" blockId="6.[109,1525,718,856]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0322472FFACFD3CFF5E97AA" bold="true" box="[111,174,718,739]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
|
||
—Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0322472FE99FD3CFDFE97AA" box="[346,526,718,739]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0322472FE99FD3CFDFE97AA" box="[346,526,718,739]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Gazella leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in North Africa with four areas of recent occurrence, redrawn from information in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0322472FAEEFD3CFA1E97AA" author="Mallon D. & Barrios V. & Senn H." box="[1325,1518,718,739]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" refId="ref14928" refString="Mallon D., Barrios V., Senn H. 2020. Slender-horned gazelle Gazella leptoceros. Conservation Strategy 2020 - 2029. IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group and Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom." type="book" year="2020">Mallon et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 1) Grand Erg Occidental (= Great Western Sand Sea), Algeria; 2) Grand Erg Oriental (= Great Eastern Sand Sea), Algeria and Tunisia; 3) Jaghboub, Libya and Siwa, Egypt (both towns associated with oases); and 4) Qattara Depression, Egypt. Question marks indicate areas with possible but unconfirmed recent occurrences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0322472FE68FCD4FDDC9672" box="[427,556,806,827]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0322472FE68FCD4FDDC9672" box="[427,556,806,827]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Erg d’Admer of southeastern Algeria, Tenéré in northern Niger, and disjunct areas in southwestern Libya (Fezzan region) and southeastern Libya (near Jebel Uweinat).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0322472FF5BFB9BFD7E90A9" blockId="6.[109,792,905,1504]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0322472FF5BFB9BFE9191C9" box="[152,353,1129,1152]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0322472FF5BFB9BFE9191C9" box="[152,353,1129,1152]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Gazella leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is absent from the Quaternary fossil assemblage in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0322472FF37FB7BFEB491E9" box="[244,324,1161,1184]" name="Algeria" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
(along with other desert specialists such as addax [
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0322472FF7CFB5BFE5D9189" box="[191,429,1193,1216]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Addax nasomaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
] and fennec fox [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0322472FDB6FB5BFD0F9189" baseAuthorityName="Zimmermann" baseAuthorityYear="1780" box="[629,767,1193,1216]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Vulpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zerda">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0322472FDB6FB5BFD0F9189" box="[629,767,1193,1216]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Vulpes zerda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]), although there are some similarities to the extinct
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0322472FD44FB3BFCE891A9" box="[647,792,1225,1248]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subkevella">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0322472FD44FB3BFCE891A9" box="[647,792,1225,1248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">G. subkevella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
known from the region (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0322472FEA5FB1BFDF79049" author="Lavauden L." box="[358,519,1257,1280]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="11 - 27" refId="ref14681" refString="Lavauden L. 1926. Les gazelles du Sahara centrale. Bulletin de la Societe d'histoire naturelle de l'Afrique du Nord 17: 11 - 27." type="journal article" year="1926">Lavauden 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0322472FDD0FB1BFD6D9049" author="Joleaud L." box="[531,669,1257,1280]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="438 - 456" refId="ref14315" refString="Joleaud L. 1929. Etudes de geographie zoologique sur la Berberie, les ruminants. V. Les gazelles. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 59: 438 - 456." type="journal article" year="1929">Joleaud 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The fossil species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0322472FF01FAFBFE8F9069" box="[194,383,1289,1312]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="triquetricornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0322472FF01FAFBFE8F9069" box="[194,383,1289,1312]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">G. triquetricornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0322472FDD5FAFBFD999069" box="[534,617,1289,1312]" name="Algeria" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
, has affinities to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0322472FFAEFADBFF1B9009" baseAuthorityName="Sykes" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[109,235,1321,1344]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bennettii">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0322472FFAEFADBFF1B9009" box="[109,235,1321,1344]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">G. bennettii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(chinkara or Indian gazelle) and might represent an intermediate form between Asian gazelles (with horns only in males) and African species (horns in both sexes—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0322472FDBFFA9BFCF890C9" author="Joleaud L." box="[636,776,1385,1408]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="438 - 456" refId="ref14315" refString="Joleaud L. 1929. Etudes de geographie zoologique sur la Berberie, les ruminants. V. Les gazelles. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 59: 438 - 456." type="journal article" year="1929">Joleaud 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The absence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0322472FEDDFA7BFE4090E9" box="[286,432,1417,1440]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0322472FEDDFA7BFE4090E9" box="[286,432,1417,1440]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fossils is supported by phylogenetic work that suggests that it arose relatively recently in the upper Pleistocene (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0322472FEF9FA3BFE3790A9" author="Joleaud L." box="[314,455,1481,1504]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="438 - 456" refId="ref14315" refString="Joleaud L. 1929. Etudes de geographie zoologique sur la Berberie, les ruminants. V. Les gazelles. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 59: 438 - 456." type="journal article" year="1929">Joleaud 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0322472FE16FA3BFD8E90A9" author="Lerp H. & Klaus S. & Allgower S. & Wronski T. & Pfenninger M. & Plath M." box="[469,638,1481,1504]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref14708" refString="Lerp H., Klaus S., Allgower S., Wronski T., Pfenninger M., Plath M. 2016. Phylogenetic analyses of gazelles reveal repeated transitions of key ecological traits and provide novel insights into the origin of the genus Gazella. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 98: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2016">Lerp et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0322472FEE2F9D5FD949308" blockId="6.[289,612,1575,1601]" box="[289,612,1575,1601]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0322472FEE2F9D5FD949308" bold="true" box="[289,612,1575,1601]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">FORM AND FUNCTION</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0322472FF5BF998FD6392E8" blockId="6.[109,792,1642,1953]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
|
||
The skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0322472FEE5F998FE1F93C8" box="[294,495,1642,1665]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0322472FEE5F998FE1F93C8" box="[294,495,1642,1665]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Gazella leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is “of normal proportions” for the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0322472FECBF978FEAB93E8" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[264,347,1674,1697]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0322472FECBF978FEAB93E8" box="[264,347,1674,1697]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Gazella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="2596D298F0322472FEADF978FE5F93E8" box="[366,431,1674,1697]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[109,144,1763,1784]" captionTargetBox="[341,1295,200,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-6@5.[336,1296,200,1733]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2.—Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of skull and lateral view of mandible of an adult male Gazella leptoceros (USNM [United States National Museum] 322065), collected by H. Hoogstraal at Wadi Rayan in Egypt, 18 April 1951. Greatest length of skull is 170 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621082/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0322472FE03F978FCFB93E8" author="Sclater P. L. & Thomas O." box="[448,779,1674,1697]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" refId="ref15516" refString="Sclater P. L., Thomas O. 1898. The book of antelopes. Volume III. R. H. Porter, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1898">Sclater and Thomas 1898:138</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0322472FFAEF958FEBD9388" author="Thomas O." box="[109,333,1706,1729]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="467 - 472" refId="ref15895" refString="Thomas O. 1894 b. On some gazelles brought by Sir Edmund Loder from Algeria. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1894: 467 - 472." type="journal article" year="1894">Thomas (1894b:470)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
compared the skull of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="621670BFF0322472FDA7F958FD629388" box="[612,658,1706,1729]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0322472FFAEF938FF0B93A8" box="[109,251,1738,1761]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0322472FFAEF938FF0B93A8" box="[109,251,1738,1761]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0322472FEBDF938FE0B93A8" baseAuthorityName="Sykes" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[382,507,1738,1761]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bennettii">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0322472FEBDF938FE0B93A8" box="[382,507,1738,1761]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">G. bennettii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and found it similar in size and proportion, “but rather lighter and more delicate.” Series of skull measurements are presented in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0322472FE35F8F8FD609268" author="Groves C. P." box="[502,656,1802,1825]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="38 - 60" refId="ref13953" refString="Groves C. P. 1969. On the smaller gazelles of the genus Gazella de Blainville, 1816. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde 34: 38 - 60." type="journal article" year="1969">Groves (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0322472FD5EF8F8FEF69208" author="Osborn D. J. & Helmy I." pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 579" refId="ref15145" refString="Osborn D. J., Helmy I. 1980. The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai). Fieldiana Zoology 1309: i - xix, 1 - 579." type="journal article" year="1980">Osborn and Helmy (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0322472FE87F8D8FE079208" author="Thomas O." box="[324,503,1834,1857]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="467 - 472" refId="ref15895" refString="Thomas O. 1894 b. On some gazelles brought by Sir Edmund Loder from Algeria. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1894: 467 - 472." type="journal article" year="1894">Thomas (1894b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Horn cores are conspicuously pitted and have longitudinal grooves running from base to tip (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0322472FF7BF898FE3492C8" author="Osborn D. J. & Helmy I." box="[184,452,1898,1921]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 579" refId="ref15145" refString="Osborn D. J., Helmy I. 1980. The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai). Fieldiana Zoology 1309: i - xix, 1 - 579." type="journal article" year="1980">Osborn and Helmy 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Premaxillary bones articulate broadly with the nasals (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0322472FEB7F878FD7392E8" author="Sclater P. L. & Thomas O." box="[372,643,1930,1953]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" refId="ref15516" refString="Sclater P. L., Thomas O. 1898. The book of antelopes. Volume III. R. H. Porter, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1898">Sclater and Thomas 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0322472FCB0FC7BFC389049" blockId="6.[840,1524,905,1952]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Dental formula of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0322472FB89FC7BFB2E96E9" box="[1098,1246,905,928]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0322472FB89FC7BFB2E96E9" box="[1098,1246,905,928]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is typical of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0322472FC8BFC5BFB359689" authority="(Groves and Leslie 2011)" baseAuthorityName="Groves and Leslie" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[840,1221,937,960]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
|
||
Bovidae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0322472FC70FC5BFB4A9689" author="Groves C. P. & Leslie D. M. Jr." box="[947,1210,937,960]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="444 - 575" refId="ref14016" refString="Groves C. P., Leslie D. M. Jr. 2011. Family Bovidae. In: Wilson D. D., Mittermeier R. A., editors. Handbook of the mammals of the world. Volume 2. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain; p. 444 - 575." type="book chapter" year="2011">Groves and Leslie 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: i 0/3, c 0/1, p 3/3, m 3/3, total 32. Dental mesowear patterns from five wild-caught museum specimens (localities unspecified) showed unequal wear of upper molars depending on their position (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0322472FAE8FBFBFA139169" author="Louys J. & Meloro C. & Elton S. & Ditchfield P. & Bishop L. C." box="[1323,1507,1033,1056]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="1485 - 1495" refId="ref14835" refString="Louys J., Meloro C., Elton S., Ditchfield P., Bishop L. C. 2011. Mesowear as a means of determining diets in African antelopes. Journal of Archaeological Science 38: 1485 - 1495." type="journal article" year="2011">Louys et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). For M1, 60% of the teeth examined had blunt cusps, 20% had rounded cusps, and 20% had sharp cusps. A similar proportion (58.3%) of M2 had blunt cusps, and the remainder (41.7%) had sharp cusps. No samples were available for M3 or lower molars. This tooth wear pattern resembles that of a browser despite
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0322472FA1AFB5BFC4691A9" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0322472FA1AFB5BFC4691A9" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
generally being considered as a mixed feeder (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0322472FA73FB3BFC489049" author="Louys J. & Meloro C. & Elton S. & Ditchfield P. & Bishop L. C." pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="1485 - 1495" refId="ref14835" refString="Louys J., Meloro C., Elton S., Ditchfield P., Bishop L. C. 2011. Mesowear as a means of determining diets in African antelopes. Journal of Archaeological Science 38: 1485 - 1495." type="journal article" year="2011">Louys et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0322473FCB0FAFBFDD49469" blockId="6.[840,1524,905,1952]" lastBlockId="7.[109,792,201,1216]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Hooves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0322472FC3BFAFBFB619069" box="[1016,1169,1289,1312]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0322472FC3BFAFBFB619069" box="[1016,1169,1289,1312]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are longer and more splayed than in the similar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0322472FBDFFADBFB7B9009" baseAuthorityName="Ogilby" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[1052,1163,1321,1344]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0322472FBDFFADBFB7B9009" box="[1052,1163,1321,1344]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">G. cuvieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0322472FB07FADBFAC09009" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1220,1328,1321,1344]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorcas">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0322472FB07FADBFAC09009" box="[1220,1328,1321,1344]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">G. dorcas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0322472FA81FADBFA1B9009" author="Lavauden L." box="[1346,1515,1321,1344]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="11 - 27" refId="ref14681" refString="Lavauden L. 1926. Les gazelles du Sahara centrale. Bulletin de la Societe d'histoire naturelle de l'Afrique du Nord 17: 11 - 27." type="journal article" year="1926">Lavauden 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0322472FC8BFABBFB9C9029" author="Schomber H. W. & Kock D." box="[840,1132,1353,1376]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="277 - 282" refId="ref15485" refString="Schomber H. W., Kock D. 1960. The wildlife of Tunisia. Part 2. Some larger mammals. African Wildlife 14: 277 - 282." type="journal article" year="1960">Schomber and Kock 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0322472FBBDFABBFA639029" author="Osborn D. J. & Helmy I." box="[1150,1427,1353,1376]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 579" refId="ref15145" refString="Osborn D. J., Helmy I. 1980. The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai). Fieldiana Zoology 1309: i - xix, 1 - 579." type="journal article" year="1980">Osborn and Helmy 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0322472FA66FABBFC8E90C9" author="Newby J. E." pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="277 - 290" refId="ref15104" refString="Newby J. E. 1984. Large mammals. In: Cloudsley-Thompson J. L., editor. Sahara Desert. Key environments series. Pergamon Press, Oxford, United Kingdom; p. 277 - 290." type="book chapter" year="1984">Newby 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but these differences are generally attributed to environmental effects (wear pattern caused by walking on soft sand) rather than direct adaptations to desert existence (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0322472FC92FA3BFB9190A9" author="Osborn D. J. & Helmy I." box="[849,1121,1481,1504]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 579" refId="ref15145" refString="Osborn D. J., Helmy I. 1980. The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai). Fieldiana Zoology 1309: i - xix, 1 - 579." type="journal article" year="1980">Osborn and Helmy 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0322472FB5AFA3BFB2D90A9" box="[1177,1245,1481,1504]" name="Egypt" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
, length of hind foot hoof from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0322472FC4AFA1BFBEF9349" box="[905,1055,1513,1536]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0322472FC4AFA1BFBEF9349" box="[905,1055,1513,1536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens taken in hard desert was notably shorter (
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0322472FC2BF9FBFB969369" box="[1000,1126,1545,1568]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="50.0" valueMax="55.0" valueMin="45.0">45–55 mm</quantity>
|
||
, mean
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0322472FB78F9FBFAD39369" box="[1211,1315,1545,1568]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.05" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="50.5">50.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, from
|
||
<specimenCount id="ABAB0594F0322472FAB1F9FBFA1B9369" box="[1394,1515,1545,1568]" count="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" type="male">four males</specimenCount>
|
||
) than from specimens from sandy desert (
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0322472FAD1F9DBFA959309" box="[1298,1381,1577,1600]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="ABAB0594F0322472FAB1F9DBFA279309" box="[1394,1495,1577,1600]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0322472FC8BF9BBFBA99329" author="Osborn D. J. & Helmy I." box="[840,1113,1609,1632]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 579" refId="ref15145" refString="Osborn D. J., Helmy I. 1980. The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai). Fieldiana Zoology 1309: i - xix, 1 - 579." type="journal article" year="1980">Osborn and Helmy 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); a male from sand dunes in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0322472FA62F9BBFA029329" box="[1441,1522,1609,1632]" name="Algeria" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
had a hind hoof length of
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0322472FBB3F99BFB4F93C9" box="[1136,1215,1641,1664]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="56.0">56 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0322472FB12F99BFA8693C9" author="Thomas O." box="[1233,1398,1641,1664]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="467 - 472" refId="ref15895" refString="Thomas O. 1894 b. On some gazelles brought by Sir Edmund Loder from Algeria. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1894: 467 - 472." type="journal article" year="1894">Thomas 1894b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Forehoof measurements showed greater variability than hind hooves (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0322472FC92F95BFB959389" author="Osborn D. J. & Helmy I." box="[849,1125,1705,1728]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 579" refId="ref15145" refString="Osborn D. J., Helmy I. 1980. The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai). Fieldiana Zoology 1309: i - xix, 1 - 579." type="journal article" year="1980">Osborn and Helmy 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Hooves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0322472FB39F95BFA7E9389" box="[1274,1422,1705,1728]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0322472FB39F95BFA7E9389" box="[1274,1422,1705,1728]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are very narrow (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0322472FC66F93BFBB793A9" author="Thomas O." box="[933,1095,1737,1760]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="467 - 472" refId="ref15895" refString="Thomas O. 1894 b. On some gazelles brought by Sir Edmund Loder from Algeria. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1894: 467 - 472." type="journal article" year="1894">Thomas 1894b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0322472FB95F93BFB0D93A9" author="Lavauden L." box="[1110,1277,1737,1760]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="11 - 27" refId="ref14681" refString="Lavauden L. 1926. Les gazelles du Sahara centrale. Bulletin de la Societe d'histoire naturelle de l'Afrique du Nord 17: 11 - 27." type="journal article" year="1926">Lavauden 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), unlike the sympatric but heavier addax, whose widened hooves provide increased surface area and are believed to prevent the addax from sinking in sand (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0322472FC64F8DBFBC29209" author="Newby J. E." box="[935,1074,1833,1856]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="277 - 290" refId="ref15104" refString="Newby J. E. 1984. Large mammals. In: Cloudsley-Thompson J. L., editor. Sahara Desert. Key environments series. Pergamon Press, Oxford, United Kingdom; p. 277 - 290." type="book chapter" year="1984">Newby 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0322472FB82F8DBFA969209" author="Krausman P. R. & Casey A. L." box="[1089,1382,1833,1856]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref14518" refString="Krausman P. R., Casey A. L. 2007. Addax nasomaculatus. Mammalian Species 807: 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="2007">Krausman and Casey 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The lateral hoof on each foot of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0322472FBF6F8BBFB389229" box="[1077,1224,1865,1888]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0322472FBF6F8BBFB389229" box="[1077,1224,1865,1888]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is broader than the medial hoof, and the angle of wear suggests the hooves are habitually splayed (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0322472FC6EF87BFBA292E9" author="Thomas O." box="[941,1106,1929,1952]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="467 - 472" refId="ref15895" refString="Thomas O. 1894 b. On some gazelles brought by Sir Edmund Loder from Algeria. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1894: 467 - 472." type="journal article" year="1894">Thomas 1894b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0322472FBA1F87BFB1E92E9" author="Newby J. E." box="[1122,1262,1929,1952]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="277 - 290" refId="ref15104" refString="Newby J. E. 1984. Large mammals. In: Cloudsley-Thompson J. L., editor. Sahara Desert. Key environments series. Pergamon Press, Oxford, United Kingdom; p. 277 - 290." type="book chapter" year="1984">Newby 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0322473FB3CF87BFF5395A9" author="Beudels R. & Devillers P." lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="352 - 355" refId="ref12489" refString="Beudels R. C, Devillers P. 2013. Gazella leptoceros. In: Kingdon J. S., Hoffmann M., editors. The mammals of Africa. Vol. 6. Pigs, deer, giraffe, bovids, and hippos. Bloomsbury Publishing, London, United Kingdom; p. 352 - 355." type="book chapter" year="2013">Beudels and Devillers 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The footprints of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0332473FE43FF3BFDE395A9" box="[384,531,201,224]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0332473FE43FF3BFDE395A9" box="[384,531,201,224]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are considerably larger and more pointed than those of the sympatric
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0332473FD9DFF1BFD389449" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[606,712,233,256]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorcas">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0332473FD9DFF1BFD389449" box="[606,712,233,256]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">G. dorcas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FD14FF1BFF539469" author="Loder E. G." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="473 - 476" refId="ref14806" refString="Loder E. G. 1894. On the " Reem " antelope of Algeria. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1894: 473 - 476." type="journal article" year="1894">Loder 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FF71FEFBFECD9469" author="Newby J. E." box="[178,317,265,288]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="277 - 290" refId="ref15104" refString="Newby J. E. 1984. Large mammals. In: Cloudsley-Thompson J. L., editor. Sahara Desert. Key environments series. Pergamon Press, Oxford, United Kingdom; p. 277 - 290." type="book chapter" year="1984">Newby 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FE8FFEFBFDE49469" author="Mallon D. & Barrios V. & Senn H." box="[332,532,265,288]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" refId="ref14928" refString="Mallon D., Barrios V., Senn H. 2020. Slender-horned gazelle Gazella leptoceros. Conservation Strategy 2020 - 2029. IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group and Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom." type="book" year="2020">Mallon et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0332473FF5BFEDBFD699649" blockId="7.[109,792,201,1216]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Captive
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0332473FF35FEDBFE7A9409" box="[246,394,297,320]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0332473FF35FEDBFE7A9409" box="[246,394,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F6900FFF0332473FE7BFEDBFDF89409" box="[440,520,297,320]" country="Saudi Arabia" name="Ar Riyad" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Riyadh</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0332473FDDBFEDBFD589409" box="[536,680,297,320]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(of unreported provenance, and potentially attributable to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0332473FD5DFEBBFCE09429" baseAuthorityName="Ellerman and Morrison-Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[670,784,329,352]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0332473FD5DFEBBFCE09429" box="[670,784,329,352]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">G. marica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) tolerated average daily temperatures in summer of over 35°C and were used to study key physiological adaptations to thermal stress (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FF03FE5BFE7E9489" author="Babor H. & Okab A. B. & Samara E. M. & Abdoun K. A. & Al-Tayib O. & Al-Haidary A. A." box="[192,398,425,448]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="245 - 252" refId="ref12349" refString="Babor H., Okab A. B., Samara E. M., Abdoun K. A., Al-Tayib O., Al-Haidary A. A. 2014. Adaptive thermophysiological adjustments of gazelles to survive hot summer conditions. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 46: 245 - 252." type="journal article" year="2014">Babor et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Average rectal temperature in a combined sample of 24
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0332473FEBDFE3BFDE194A9" box="[382,529,457,480]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0332473FEBDFE3BFDE194A9" box="[382,529,457,480]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0332473FD8EFE3BFD4F94A9" box="[589,703,457,480]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gazella">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0332473FD8EFE3BFD4F94A9" box="[589,703,457,480]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">G. gazella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(mountain gazelle) fluctuated between seasons, with an increase of 1.20°C ± 0.20
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0332473FED5FDFBFEC49769" box="[278,308,521,544]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">SE</emphasis>
|
||
from winter to summer; average skin temperature was 10.80 ± 0.60°C warmer in summer compared to winter (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FF06FDBBFE799729" author="Babor H. & Okab A. B. & Samara E. M. & Abdoun K. A. & Al-Tayib O. & Al-Haidary A. A." box="[197,393,585,608]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="245 - 252" refId="ref12349" refString="Babor H., Okab A. B., Samara E. M., Abdoun K. A., Al-Tayib O., Al-Haidary A. A. 2014. Adaptive thermophysiological adjustments of gazelles to survive hot summer conditions. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 46: 245 - 252." type="journal article" year="2014">Babor et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These changes resulted in significantly lower thermal gradients (rectal-to-skin, skin-to-ambient, and rectal-to-ambient) in summer compared with winter (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FD14FD7BFF139789" author="Babor H. & Okab A. B. & Samara E. M. & Abdoun K. A. & Al-Tayib O. & Al-Haidary A. A." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="245 - 252" refId="ref12349" refString="Babor H., Okab A. B., Samara E. M., Abdoun K. A., Al-Tayib O., Al-Haidary A. A. 2014. Adaptive thermophysiological adjustments of gazelles to survive hot summer conditions. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 46: 245 - 252." type="journal article" year="2014">Babor et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Lack of physiological disruption caused by these thermal changes suggested that heterothermy was actively used to reduce evaporative water loss (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FE11FD1BFD799649" author="Babor H. & Okab A. B. & Samara E. M. & Abdoun K. A. & Al-Tayib O. & Al-Haidary A. A." box="[466,649,745,768]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="245 - 252" refId="ref12349" refString="Babor H., Okab A. B., Samara E. M., Abdoun K. A., Al-Tayib O., Al-Haidary A. A. 2014. Adaptive thermophysiological adjustments of gazelles to survive hot summer conditions. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 46: 245 - 252." type="journal article" year="2014">Babor et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0332473FF5BFCFBFE9E9189" blockId="7.[109,792,201,1216]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Hematological changes between winter and summer conditions demonstrated significantly higher serum albumin, serum glucose, and serum haptoglobin levels in summer and concurrent declines in red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentrations, and total protein concentrations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FD51FC7BFF529689" author="Babor H. & Okab A. B. & Samara E. M. & Abdoun K. A. & Al-Tayib O. & Al-Haidary A. A." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="245 - 252" refId="ref12349" refString="Babor H., Okab A. B., Samara E. M., Abdoun K. A., Al-Tayib O., Al-Haidary A. A. 2014. Adaptive thermophysiological adjustments of gazelles to survive hot summer conditions. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 46: 245 - 252." type="journal article" year="2014">Babor et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Lower erythrocyte indices may be a function of reduced oxygen demand and energy requirements during hot conditions; the observed increased albumin levels may help maintain blood volume and may also have antioxidant properties, providing protection from free radicals produced from heat stress (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FD5DFBDBFF529129" author="Babor H. & Okab A. B. & Samara E. M. & Abdoun K. A. & Al-Tayib O. & Al-Haidary A. A." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="245 - 252" refId="ref12349" refString="Babor H., Okab A. B., Samara E. M., Abdoun K. A., Al-Tayib O., Al-Haidary A. A. 2014. Adaptive thermophysiological adjustments of gazelles to survive hot summer conditions. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 46: 245 - 252." type="journal article" year="2014">Babor et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although some authors have claimed that the pale sandcolored pelage serves to reflect heat, this is generally discounted; the principal benefit of the color pattern appears to be its cryptic function (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FF15FB5BFEAE9189" author="Newby J. E." box="[214,350,1193,1216]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="277 - 290" refId="ref15104" refString="Newby J. E. 1984. Large mammals. In: Cloudsley-Thompson J. L., editor. Sahara Desert. Key environments series. Pergamon Press, Oxford, United Kingdom; p. 277 - 290." type="book chapter" year="1984">Newby 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0332473FF0CFAF5FD469068" blockId="7.[207,694,1287,1313]" box="[207,694,1287,1313]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0332473FF0CFAF5FD469068" bold="true" box="[207,694,1287,1313]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">ONTOGENY AND REPRODUCTION</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0332473FF5BFAB8FE809388" blockId="7.[109,792,1354,1953]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0332473FF5BFAB8FED59028" bold="true" box="[152,293,1354,1377]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Ontogeny.—</emphasis>
|
||
Neonatal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0332473FE51FAB8FD909028" box="[402,608,1354,1377]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0332473FE51FAB8FD909028" box="[402,608,1354,1377]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Gazella leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resemble adults in their markings but tend to be even paler (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2596D298F0332473FDB5FA98FD4A90C8" box="[630,698,1386,1409]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[109,144,900,921]" captionTargetBox="[256,1376,200,870]" captionTargetId="figure-571@8.[256,1376,200,870]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4.—Gazella leptoceros neonates resemble adults in overall coloration. These 7-day-old twins and their 2-year-old mother were photographed at The Living Desert Zoo and Botanical Garden in Palm Desert, California. Photograph by BAH, 19 April 2022." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621086/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FD0DFA98FF5390E8" author="Cuvier F." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="72" refId="ref12952" refString="Cuvier F. 1842. Antilope a longue cornes. In: Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire E., Cuvier F., editors. Histoire naturelle des mammiferes: avec des figures originales, coloriees, dessinees d'apresdes animaux vivans. Tome 7, Livraison 72. Chez A. Blaise, Paris, France." type="book chapter" year="1842">Cuvier 1842</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Birth weight of
|
||
<specimenCount id="ABAB0594F0332473FEB1FA78FE2890E8" box="[370,472,1418,1441]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
at Hannover Zoo,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0332473FD6DFA78FCE390E8" box="[686,787,1418,1441]" name="Germany" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
, was
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0332473FF63FA58FEF49088" box="[160,260,1450,1473]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.835" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" unit="kg" value="1.835">1.835 kg</quantity>
|
||
; typical initial weight gain is
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0332473FD92FA58FD5B9088" box="[593,683,1450,1473]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" unit="g" value="70.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="60.0">60–80 g</quantity>
|
||
/day, with birth weight doubling in the first month (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FDE7FA38FD4590A8" author="Dittrich L." box="[548,693,1482,1505]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="118 - 120" refId="ref13232" refString="Dittrich L. 1969. Birth weights and weight increases of African antelopes born at Hanover Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook 9: 118 - 120." type="journal article" year="1969">Dittrich 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). During the first 2 weeks of life, neonates are cached in hiding spots while their mothers forage (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FE69F9F8FDCF9368" author="Dittrich L." box="[426,575,1546,1569]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="139 - 143" refId="ref13210" refString="Dittrich L. 1968. Keeping and breeding gazelles at Hanover Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook 8: 139 - 143." type="journal article" year="1968">Dittrich 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A mother returns to her cached offspring 3–4 times daily to nurse, groom, and stimulate urination and defecation; any urine or feces that are produced are consumed (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FE75F998FDBC93C8" author="Dittrich L." box="[438,588,1642,1665]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="139 - 143" refId="ref13210" refString="Dittrich L. 1968. Keeping and breeding gazelles at Hanover Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook 8: 139 - 143." type="journal article" year="1968">Dittrich 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Infants begin to test solid foods at 4 weeks of age and weaning occurs at 4–6 months (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FF0DF958FE909388" author="Dittrich L." box="[206,352,1706,1729]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="139 - 143" refId="ref13210" refString="Dittrich L. 1968. Keeping and breeding gazelles at Hanover Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook 8: 139 - 143." type="journal article" year="1968">Dittrich 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0332473FF5BF938FAB99409" blockId="7.[109,792,1354,1953]" lastBlockId="7.[840,1523,201,1952]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Growth and maturation are rapid.
|
||
<specimenCount id="ABAB0594F0332473FDD6F938FD6593A8" box="[533,661,1738,1761]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" type="female">One female</specimenCount>
|
||
born at the Hannover Zoo gave birth to her first offspring at 10.6 months, indicating conception, and thus sexual maturity, was achieved at 5.1 months of age (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FEA9F8D8FE0D9208" author="Dittrich L." box="[362,509,1834,1857]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="184 - 187" refId="ref13259" refString="Dittrich L. 1972. Gestation periods and age of sexual maturity of some African antelope. International Zoo Yearbook 12: 184 - 187." type="journal article" year="1972">Dittrich 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Among males, signs of maturity and lack of tolerance by mature males occur at 8–10 months of age (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FEDFF898FE0092C8" author="Abaigar T. & Belbachir-Bazi A. & Cano M." box="[284,496,1898,1921]" journalOrPublisher="elevage de gazelles en captivite. Projet de cooperation internationale hispano-algerienne (AECI-MESRS) Ref: A / 01101" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="2009" part="2017" refId="ref12179" refString="Abaigar T., Belbachir-Bazi A., Cano M. 2009. Proposition d'amenagement et de gestion d'un centre d ' elevage de gazelles en captivite. Projet de cooperation internationale hispano-algerienne (AECI-MESRS) Ref: A / 01101 / 2017. Rapport scientifique-technique. Almeria (Espagne) et Bejaia (Algerie), Avril 2009." title="Proposition d'amenagement et de gestion d'un centre d" type="journal article" year="2009">Abáigar et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Mean generation time of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0332473FFAEF878FF0F92E8" box="[109,255,1930,1953]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0332473FFAEF878FF0F92E8" box="[109,255,1930,1953]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the North American population monitored by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) was 3.8 years (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FC92FF1BFC289449" author="Randle B." box="[849,984,233,256]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" refId="ref15267" refString="Randle B. 2021. Slender-horned gazelle (Gazella leptoceros). AZA Species Survival Plan Yellow Program. AZA Population Management Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA." type="book" year="2021">Randle 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Females have reproduced up to age 11; males do not appear to experience reproductive senescence and have sired offspring to maximum longevity (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FB71FEDBFAC99409" author="Randle B." box="[1202,1337,297,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" refId="ref15267" refString="Randle B. 2021. Slender-horned gazelle (Gazella leptoceros). AZA Species Survival Plan Yellow Program. AZA Population Management Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA." type="book" year="2021">Randle 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0332473FCB0FEBBFC089149" blockId="7.[840,1523,201,1952]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0332473FCB0FEBBFBC09429" bold="true" box="[883,1072,329,352]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Reproduction.—</emphasis>
|
||
Reproduction in the wild is largely seasonal. Births of wild
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0332473FB81FE9BFAE794C9" box="[1090,1303,361,384]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0332473FB81FE9BFAE794C9" box="[1090,1303,361,384]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Gazella leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occur primarily in winter and early spring (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FB96FE7BFB3F94E9" author="Saleh M. A." box="[1109,1231,393,416]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="48 - 54" refId="ref15391" refString="Saleh M. A. 2001. Egypt. In: Mallon D. P., Kingswood S., editors. Antelopes. Global survey and regional action plans. Part 4. North Africa and the Middle East. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland; p. 48 - 54." type="book chapter" year="2001">Saleh 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Among 17 captive births between 1899 and
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0332473FBEDFE5BFB789489" box="[1070,1160,425,448]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.88696" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="1924.0">1924 in</quantity>
|
||
the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F6900FFF0332473FB04FE5BFB0B9489" box="[1223,1275,425,448]" country="Egypt" name="Al Jizah" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Giza</collectingRegion>
|
||
Zoological Gardens,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0332473FC8BFE3BFC7D94A9" box="[840,909,457,480]" name="Egypt" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 13 occurred in February–April, three in May–June, and one in October (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FB83FE1BFB219749" author="Flower S. S." box="[1088,1233,489,512]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="368 - 450" refId="ref13563" refString="Flower S. S. 1932. Notes on the recent mammals of Egypt, with a list of the species recorded from that kingdom. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1932: 368 - 450." type="journal article" year="1932">Flower 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Early reports from the western desert of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0332473FBCDFDFBFBA09769" box="[1038,1104,521,544]" name="Egypt" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
stated that fawns were most common in November–December, when they were hunted with dogs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FC92FDBBFB9B9729" author="Sclater P. L. & Thomas O." box="[849,1131,585,608]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" refId="ref15516" refString="Sclater P. L., Thomas O. 1898. The book of antelopes. Volume III. R. H. Porter, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1898">Sclater and Thomas 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FB40FDBBFAAB9729" author="Mallon D. & Barrios V. & Senn H." box="[1155,1371,585,608]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" refId="ref14928" refString="Mallon D., Barrios V., Senn H. 2020. Slender-horned gazelle Gazella leptoceros. Conservation Strategy 2020 - 2029. IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group and Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom." type="book" year="2020">Mallon et al (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided one report (location unspecified) that 33% of births occurred in October–November. Births at Sidi Toui,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0332473FAD2FD7BFA9697E9" box="[1297,1382,649,672]" name="Tunisia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, occurred in February–April (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FBC9FD5BFB129789" author="Mallon D. & Barrios V. & Senn H." box="[1034,1250,681,704]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" refId="ref14928" refString="Mallon D., Barrios V., Senn H. 2020. Slender-horned gazelle Gazella leptoceros. Conservation Strategy 2020 - 2029. IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group and Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom." type="book" year="2020">Mallon et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); elsewhere in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0332473FA5AFD5BFA1E9789" box="[1433,1518,681,704]" name="Tunisia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the peak birthing season was in January–February (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FA50FD3BFC549649" author="Smith T. R. & Mallon D. P. & De Smet K." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="30 - 40" refId="ref15690" refString="Smith T. R., Mallon D. P., De Smet K. 2001. Tunisia. In: Mallon D. P., Kingswood S., editors. Antelopes. Global survey and regional action plans. Part 4. North Africa and the Middle East. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland; p. 30 - 40." type="book chapter" year="2001">Smith et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). At the Brezina Breeding Station,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0332473FAFFFD1BFA629649" box="[1340,1426,745,768]" name="Algeria" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 60% of 10 births in 2000–2008 occurred in February, with two births each in March and April (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FBAAFCDBFACF9609" author="Abaigar T. & Belbachir-Bazi A. & Cano M." box="[1129,1343,809,832]" journalOrPublisher="elevage de gazelles en captivite. Projet de cooperation internationale hispano-algerienne (AECI-MESRS) Ref: A / 01101" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="2009" part="2017" refId="ref12179" refString="Abaigar T., Belbachir-Bazi A., Cano M. 2009. Proposition d'amenagement et de gestion d'un centre d ' elevage de gazelles en captivite. Projet de cooperation internationale hispano-algerienne (AECI-MESRS) Ref: A / 01101 / 2017. Rapport scientifique-technique. Almeria (Espagne) et Bejaia (Algerie), Avril 2009." title="Proposition d'amenagement et de gestion d'un centre d" type="journal article" year="2009">Abáigar et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Based on typical gestation lengths, the peak of rut (breeding season) is believed to occur in August–September in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0332473FA8BFC9BFA6A96C9" box="[1352,1434,873,896]" name="Tunisia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FA72FC9BFC3796E9" author="Smith T. R. & Mallon D. P. & De Smet K." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="30 - 40" refId="ref15690" refString="Smith T. R., Mallon D. P., De Smet K. 2001. Tunisia. In: Mallon D. P., Kingswood S., editors. Antelopes. Global survey and regional action plans. Part 4. North Africa and the Middle East. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland; p. 30 - 40." type="book chapter" year="2001">Smith et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and September–November in Brezina,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0332473FA5CFC7BFA0296E9" box="[1439,1522,905,928]" name="Algeria" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FC92FC5BFBDD9689" author="Abaigar T. & Belbachir-Bazi A. & Cano M." box="[849,1069,937,960]" journalOrPublisher="elevage de gazelles en captivite. Projet de cooperation internationale hispano-algerienne (AECI-MESRS) Ref: A / 01101" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="2009" part="2017" refId="ref12179" refString="Abaigar T., Belbachir-Bazi A., Cano M. 2009. Proposition d'amenagement et de gestion d'un centre d ' elevage de gazelles en captivite. Projet de cooperation internationale hispano-algerienne (AECI-MESRS) Ref: A / 01101 / 2017. Rapport scientifique-technique. Almeria (Espagne) et Bejaia (Algerie), Avril 2009." title="Proposition d'amenagement et de gestion d'un centre d" type="journal article" year="2009">Abáigar et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In captivity outside of the natural geographical distribution, reproductive seasonality diminishes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FC92FC1BFC179149" author="Dittrich L." box="[849,999,1001,1024]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="139 - 143" refId="ref13210" refString="Dittrich L. 1968. Keeping and breeding gazelles at Hanover Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook 8: 139 - 143." type="journal article" year="1968">Dittrich 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF0332473FCB0FBFBFBD89329" blockId="7.[840,1523,201,1952]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Gestation lengths of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0332473FB9DFBFBFB039169" box="[1118,1267,1033,1056]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0332473FB9DFBFBFB039169" box="[1118,1267,1033,1056]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from two documented pregnancies at the Hannover Zoo,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0332473FB14FBDBFACD9109" box="[1239,1341,1065,1088]" name="Germany" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
, were 156 days (female offspring produced) and 169 days (male offspring), or about 5.5 months (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FBF4FB9BFB3A91C9" author="Dittrich L." box="[1079,1226,1129,1152]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="184 - 187" refId="ref13259" refString="Dittrich L. 1972. Gestation periods and age of sexual maturity of some African antelope. International Zoo Yearbook 12: 184 - 187." type="journal article" year="1972">Dittrich 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Observations at the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F6900FFF0332473FA7CFB9BFA0291C9" box="[1471,1522,1129,1152]" country="Egypt" name="Al Jizah" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Giza</collectingRegion>
|
||
Zoo,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0332473FC49FB7BFC3E91E9" box="[906,974,1161,1184]" name="Egypt" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
, similarly suggested that gestation lasted “not more than 5½ months and may be less,
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0332473FAC9FB5BFADB9189" box="[1290,1323,1193,1216]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">i.e.</emphasis>
|
||
, under 167 days” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FC92FB3BFBE191A9" author="Flower S. S." box="[849,1041,1225,1248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="368 - 450" refId="ref13563" refString="Flower S. S. 1932. Notes on the recent mammals of Egypt, with a list of the species recorded from that kingdom. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1932: 368 - 450." type="journal article" year="1932">Flower 1932:439</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). One offspring per litter is common in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0332473FA1AFB3BFC489049" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0332473FA1AFB3BFC489049" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0332473FBC2FB1BFBB69049" box="[1025,1094,1257,1280]" name="Egypt" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
: multiple offspring were not observed among 17 births in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F6900FFF0332473FB98FAFBFB7E9069" box="[1115,1166,1289,1312]" country="Egypt" name="Al Jizah" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Giza</collectingRegion>
|
||
Zoo (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FB18FAFBFA989069" author="Flower S. S." box="[1243,1384,1289,1312]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="368 - 450" refId="ref13563" refString="Flower S. S. 1932. Notes on the recent mammals of Egypt, with a list of the species recorded from that kingdom. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1932: 368 - 450." type="journal article" year="1932">Flower 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Few clear data exist from western populations (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0332473FB1CFADBFAC29009" box="[1247,1330,1321,1344]" name="Algeria" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0332473FAABFADBFA4D9009" box="[1384,1469,1321,1344]" name="Tunisia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
||
), but early reports suggested that twinning was common (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FA64FABBFBFA90C9" author="Sclater P. L. & Thomas O." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" refId="ref15516" refString="Sclater P. L., Thomas O. 1898. The book of antelopes. Volume III. R. H. Porter, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1898">Sclater and Thomas 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This trend of twinning has also been noted in recent publications (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FB46FA7BFA9B90E9" author="Devillers P. & Beudels-Jamar R. C. & Lafontaine R. - M. & Devillers-Terschuren J." box="[1157,1387,1417,1440]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="71 - 81" refId="ref13066" refString="Devillers P., Beudels-Jamar R. C., Lafontaine R. - M., Devillers-Terschuren J. 2006. Gazella leptoceros. In: Beudels R. C., Devillers P., Lafontaine R. - M., Devillers-Terschuren J., Beudels M. - O., editors. Sahelo- Saharan antelopes. Status and perspectives. CMS SSA Concerted Action. 2 nd ed. CMS Technical Series Publication No. 11. UNEP / CMS Secretariat, Bonn, Germany; p. 71 - 81." type="book chapter" year="2006">Devillers et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FABEFA7BFC8E9089" author="Lerp H. & Klaus S. & Allgower S. & Wronski T. & Pfenninger M. & Plath M." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref14708" refString="Lerp H., Klaus S., Allgower S., Wronski T., Pfenninger M., Plath M. 2016. Phylogenetic analyses of gazelles reveal repeated transitions of key ecological traits and provide novel insights into the origin of the genus Gazella. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 98: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2016">Lerp et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FC4CFA5BFBAB9089" author="Mallon D. & Barrios V. & Senn H." box="[911,1115,1449,1472]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" refId="ref14928" refString="Mallon D., Barrios V., Senn H. 2020. Slender-horned gazelle Gazella leptoceros. Conservation Strategy 2020 - 2029. IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group and Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom." type="book" year="2020">Mallon et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and both twins and singletons have occurred in a captive group at the Brezina Breeding Station,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF0332473FC8BFA1BFC6A9349" box="[840,922,1513,1536]" name="Algeria" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FC6CFA1BFB609349" author="Abaigar T. & Belbachir-Bazi A. & Cano M." box="[943,1168,1513,1536]" journalOrPublisher="elevage de gazelles en captivite. Projet de cooperation internationale hispano-algerienne (AECI-MESRS) Ref: A / 01101" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="2009" part="2017" refId="ref12179" refString="Abaigar T., Belbachir-Bazi A., Cano M. 2009. Proposition d'amenagement et de gestion d'un centre d ' elevage de gazelles en captivite. Projet de cooperation internationale hispano-algerienne (AECI-MESRS) Ref: A / 01101 / 2017. Rapport scientifique-technique. Almeria (Espagne) et Bejaia (Algerie), Avril 2009." title="Proposition d'amenagement et de gestion d'un centre d" type="journal article" year="2009">Abáigar et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Median litter size in captive
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0332473FC8BF9FBFC109369" box="[840,992,1545,1568]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0332473FC8BF9FBFC109369" box="[840,992,1545,1568]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in North America (descended from Tunisian founders) is one, but twins have occurred (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2596D298F0332473FAE4F9DBFA989309" box="[1319,1384,1577,1600]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[109,144,900,921]" captionTargetBox="[256,1376,200,870]" captionTargetId="figure-571@8.[256,1376,200,870]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4.—Gazella leptoceros neonates resemble adults in overall coloration. These 7-day-old twins and their 2-year-old mother were photographed at The Living Desert Zoo and Botanical Garden in Palm Desert, California. Photograph by BAH, 19 April 2022." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621086/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FABAF9DBFC8E9329" author="Benirschke K." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" refId="ref12442" refString="Benirschke K. 2002. Slender-horned gazelle Gazella leptoceros leptoceros. Comparative Placentation Project, University of California - San Diego, San Diego, California, USA. http: // placentation. ucsd. edu / gaz. htm. Accessed 3 Feb 2022." type="url" year="2002">Benirschke 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FC4EF9BBFBE79329" author="Randle B." box="[909,1047,1609,1632]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" refId="ref15267" refString="Randle B. 2021. Slender-horned gazelle (Gazella leptoceros). AZA Species Survival Plan Yellow Program. AZA Population Management Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA." type="book" year="2021">Randle 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD12CE1DF033247CFCB0F99BFEE791F7" blockId="7.[840,1523,201,1952]" lastBlockId="8.[109,792,999,1214]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Labor is generally quick (1.5 h or less), although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FA5CF99BFC6093E9" author="Dittrich L." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="139 - 143" refId="ref13210" refString="Dittrich L. 1968. Keeping and breeding gazelles at Hanover Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook 8: 139 - 143." type="journal article" year="1968">Dittrich (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
observed one parous female in labor for 10 h between the first contractions and delivery of the offspring. The placenta is passed within an hour of birth and is typically consumed by the dam (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FC70F91BFBB69249" author="Dittrich L." box="[947,1094,1769,1792]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="139 - 143" refId="ref13210" refString="Dittrich L. 1968. Keeping and breeding gazelles at Hanover Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook 8: 139 - 143." type="journal article" year="1968">Dittrich 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Based on one full-term placenta and one uterine necropsy from captive
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AADB59EF0332473FB18F8FBFA809269" box="[1243,1392,1801,1824]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Gazella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoceros">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FD9120FF0332473FB18F8FBFA809269" box="[1243,1392,1801,1824]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">G. leptoceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the San Diego Zoo, California, the placenta is epitheliochorial, villous, and polycotyledonary (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF0332473FB86F8BBFB0C9229" author="Benirschke K." box="[1093,1276,1865,1888]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" refId="ref12442" refString="Benirschke K. 2002. Slender-horned gazelle Gazella leptoceros leptoceros. Comparative Placentation Project, University of California - San Diego, San Diego, California, USA. http: // placentation. ucsd. edu / gaz. htm. Accessed 3 Feb 2022." type="url" year="2002">Benirschke 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Forty to 57 ellipsoid cotyledons, each measuring
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F0332473FBBCF89BFB0B92C9" box="[1151,1275,1897,1920]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="0.5">0.5–2.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
, develop in four rows. Implantation is apparently more common in the left uterine horn, and there is no invasion of the endometrium by the trophoblast. One placenta from a term gestation weighed
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F03C247CFD79FBF5FD1F9157" box="[698,751,1031,1054]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="8" unit="g" value="70.0">70 g</quantity>
|
||
; its greatest dimensions were 17 by
|
||
<quantity id="7A5563F8F03C247CFE1EFBD5FDE69177" box="[477,534,1063,1086]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="8" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF03C247CFDE9FBD5FD149177" author="Benirschke K." box="[554,740,1063,1086]" pageId="8" pageNumber="8" refId="ref12442" refString="Benirschke K. 2002. Slender-horned gazelle Gazella leptoceros leptoceros. Comparative Placentation Project, University of California - San Diego, San Diego, California, USA. http: // placentation. ucsd. edu / gaz. htm. Accessed 3 Feb 2022." type="url" year="2002">Benirschke 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). At Hannover Zoo,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5BA8E8DF03C247CFED4FBB5FE8C9117" box="[279,380,1095,1118]" name="Germany" pageId="8" pageNumber="8">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
, females did not experience an immediate postpartum estrus and began cycling about 26 days after giving birth, but typically did not conceive on this first cycle (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D93CB3ECF03C247CFFB5FB55FEF791F7" author="Dittrich L." box="[118,263,1191,1214]" pageId="8" pageNumber="8" pagination="139 - 143" refId="ref13210" refString="Dittrich L. 1968. Keeping and breeding gazelles at Hanover Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook 8: 139 - 143." type="journal article" year="1968">Dittrich 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |