178 lines
26 KiB
XML
178 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="B0203E9667DC3CE3EF9160B95DCCE55F" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4175.5.4" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4175.5.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ca801c5f-68b5-4a80-aefb-05b5b5f7f7b6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="161475" ID-ZooBank="648A980C-D77F-49B8-AE4F-D478B6756995" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1476772336774" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo, Dias, Fernando Maia Silva, Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik & Casagrande, Mirna Martins" docDate="2016" docId="BC0E87DAB565DB786CD7B1DAFF27F8C7" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4175.5.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4175 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Mesene epaphus subsp. pyrrha Bates 1868" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="470" masterDocId="4037FFA2B562DB7F6C40B274FFC7FE51" masterDocTitle="Mesene Doubleday (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil, with taxonomic notes and the description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="472" masterPageNumber="463" pageNumber="470" updateTime="1698390037471" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="630503E6059E086AA9A6C2E83C47D518">
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<mods:title id="4B8EF529E8AEE8EF6507FC4525A2079D">Mesene Doubleday (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil, with taxonomic notes and the description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9DB442FEAA6AE363320FCA12D103D7D9">Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="673A7B5267682E6D0BF51C6857CC359C">Dias, Fernando Maia Silva</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9E2F4D5A2143381A07AC24A2C9772AB7">Siewert, Ricardo Russo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9B8D63F81D63D32E8FF5D931E42AD3F1">Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B77206683CC7141E4B36AF69DF2CCC25">Casagrande, Mirna Martins</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8A5EF9F600D2D717F656A657B243D069">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="910DFF4C01635F2B0BFA376C6F7F8B94">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="536724ADBD0F6EFEB497228E5A271D2E">4175</mods:number>
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<treatment id="BC0E87DAB565DB786CD7B1DAFF27F8C7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6086683" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124996608" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6086683" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BC0E87DAB565DB786CD7B1DAFF27F8C7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BC0E87DAB565DB786CD7B1DAFF27F8C7" lastPageNumber="470" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">
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<subSubSection id="7CBD6547B565DB786CD7B1DAFE08FDBB" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="341836CCB565DB786CD7B1DAFD89FD99" blockId="7.[151,590,942,1002]" box="[151,590,942,968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">
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<heading id="6F5081A0B565DB786CD7B1DAFD89FD99" bold="true" box="[151,590,942,968]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="F3A74D4FB565DB786CD7B1DAFD89FD99" authority="Bates, 1868" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,590,942,968]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="epaphus" subSpecies="pyrrha">
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<emphasis id="06D3EADEB565DB786CD7B1DAFD89FD99" bold="true" box="[151,590,942,968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">
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<emphasis id="06D3EADEB565DB786CD7B1DAFE7EFD99" bold="true" box="[151,441,942,968]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">Mesene epaphus pyrrha</emphasis>
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Bates, 1868
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="341836CCB565DB786CD7B1A5FE08FDBB" blockId="7.[151,590,942,1002]" box="[151,463,977,1002]" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">
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(
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<figureCitation id="AC9C2A49B565DB786CDFB1A5FEB3FDBB" box="[159,372,977,1002]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 32" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1766,1789]" captionTargetBox="[232,1349,195,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[232,1350,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 32. Mesene species from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil (unless otherwise indicated), in dorsal and ventral views. 1 – 2 M. gracielae sp. nov., male holotype. 3 – 4 M. monostigma monostigma, male from Santa Rosa do Purus, Acre, Brazil. 5 – 8 M. nepticula stigmosa, 5 – 6 male; 7 – 8 female. 9 – 12 M. eupteryx stat. rest., 9 – 10 male from Senador Guiomard, Acre, Brazil; 11 – 12 female. 13 – 14 M. nola, male from Alto Alegre, Roraima, Brazil. 15 – 20 M. paraena, 15 – 16 male from Cáceres, Mato Grosso, Brazil; 17 – 18 male; 19 – 20 female. 21 – 28 M. epaphus (23 – 28 upper side left, underside right), 21 – 22 M. epaphus pyrrha, male; 23 female from Porto Acre, Acre, Brazil; 24 female from Senador Guiomard, Acre, Brazil; 25 M. epaphus epaphus, male from Belém, Pará, Brazil; 26 M. epaphus pyrrha, male from São Paulo de Olivença, Amazonas, Brazil; 27 – 28, M. epaphus pyrrha, males from Senador Guiomard, Acre, Brazil. 29 – 32 M. leucophrys, 29 – 30 male from Santa Rosa do Purus, Acre, Brazil; 31 – 32 female. Scale bar 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256291/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">Figs 21–24, 26–28</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="AC9C2A49B565DB786D3FB1A6FE5AFDBB" box="[383,413,978,1002]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 40" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1900,1923]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1880]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 40. Male genitalia of Mesene species from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil (unless otherwise indicated), in lateral view. 33 M. gracielae sp. nov., holotype. 34 M. monostigma monostigma. 35 M. nepticula stigmosa. 36 M. eupteryx stat. rest. from Senador Guiomard, Acre, Brazil (DZ 36.494). 37 M. nola from Alto Alegre, Roraima, Brazil (DZ 36.794). 38 M. paraena. 39 M. epaphus pyrrha. 40 M. leucophrys. Scale bar 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/161477/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">39</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="AC9C2A49B565DB786DE9B1A6FE00FDBB" box="[425,455,978,1002]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 45" captionStartId="6.[151,264,913,936]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,891]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,892]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 45. Female genitalia of Mesene species from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil (unless otherwise indicated), in ventral view. 41, M. nepticula stigmosa. 42, M. eupteryx stat. rest. 43, M. paraena. 44, M. epaphus pyrrha from Porto Acre, Acre, Brazil (DZ 36.504). 45, M. leucophrys. Scale bar 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/161478/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">44</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7CBD6547B565DB786CD7B66EFF27F8C7" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" type="description">
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<paragraph id="341836CCB565DB786CD7B66EFF27F8C7" blockId="7.[151,1437,1049,1686]" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">
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A single male was collected in 2014 on the hilltop flying slowly about two meters from the ground around 17:00h.
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<taxonomicName id="F3A74D4FB565DB786CD7B64AFE93FA07" box="[151,340,1085,1110]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epaphus">
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<emphasis id="06D3EADEB565DB786CD7B64AFE93FA07" box="[151,340,1085,1110]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">Mesene epaphus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a highly variable species (
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<bibRefCitation id="50364B3DB565DB786EF0B649FC61FA07" author="Hall" box="[688,934,1085,1110]" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" refString="Hall, J. P. W. & Harvey, D. J. (2002) A survey of androconial organs in the Riodinidae (Lepidoptera). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 136, 171 - 197. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1096 - 3642.2002.00003. x" type="journal article" year="2002">Hall & Harvey 2002</bibRefCitation>
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), with four names proposed to describe its diversity. Three of those names are recognized as valid subspecies (
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<bibRefCitation id="50364B3DB565DB786FECB615FB1CFA2B" author="Callaghan" box="[940,1243,1121,1146]" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" refString="Callaghan, C. J. & Lamas, G. (2004) Riodinidae. In: Lamas, G. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 4 A. Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera 5 A. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, pp. 141 - 170." type="book chapter" year="2004">Callaghan & Lamas 2004</bibRefCitation>
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): the nominative subspecies, described from
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<collectingCountry id="4CB0765CB565DB786D9DB6F1FDF8FACF" box="[477,575,1157,1182]" name="Suriname" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">Surinam</collectingCountry>
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, is characterized by the reddish orange ground color of the apex of the forewing upper side (
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<figureCitation id="AC9C2A49B565DB786DDBB6DDFE32FA93" box="[411,501,1193,1218]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 32" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1766,1789]" captionTargetBox="[232,1349,195,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[232,1350,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 32. Mesene species from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil (unless otherwise indicated), in dorsal and ventral views. 1 – 2 M. gracielae sp. nov., male holotype. 3 – 4 M. monostigma monostigma, male from Santa Rosa do Purus, Acre, Brazil. 5 – 8 M. nepticula stigmosa, 5 – 6 male; 7 – 8 female. 9 – 12 M. eupteryx stat. rest., 9 – 10 male from Senador Guiomard, Acre, Brazil; 11 – 12 female. 13 – 14 M. nola, male from Alto Alegre, Roraima, Brazil. 15 – 20 M. paraena, 15 – 16 male from Cáceres, Mato Grosso, Brazil; 17 – 18 male; 19 – 20 female. 21 – 28 M. epaphus (23 – 28 upper side left, underside right), 21 – 22 M. epaphus pyrrha, male; 23 female from Porto Acre, Acre, Brazil; 24 female from Senador Guiomard, Acre, Brazil; 25 M. epaphus epaphus, male from Belém, Pará, Brazil; 26 M. epaphus pyrrha, male from São Paulo de Olivença, Amazonas, Brazil; 27 – 28, M. epaphus pyrrha, males from Senador Guiomard, Acre, Brazil. 29 – 32 M. leucophrys, 29 – 30 male from Santa Rosa do Purus, Acre, Brazil; 31 – 32 female. Scale bar 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256291/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
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);
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<taxonomicName id="F3A74D4FB565DB786E51B6DEFC57FA93" authority="Bates, 1868" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1868" box="[529,912,1193,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="epaphus" subSpecies="pyrrha">
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<emphasis id="06D3EADEB565DB786E51B6DEFD33FA93" box="[529,756,1193,1218]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">M. epaphus pyrrha</emphasis>
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Bates, 1868
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</taxonomicName>
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, described from Tefé,
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<collectingRegion id="F663F82EB565DB7868E5B6DEFAD9FA93" box="[1189,1310,1194,1218]" country="Brazil" name="Amazonas" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="4CB0765CB565DB786970B6DDFAB0FA93" box="[1328,1399,1193,1218]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, is characterized by the black ground color of the apex of the forewing, with white and reddish orange subapical and submarginal spots (
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<figureCitation id="AC9C2A49B565DB786D34B685FDE3FB5B" box="[372,548,1265,1290]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 32" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1766,1789]" captionTargetBox="[232,1349,195,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[232,1350,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 32. Mesene species from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil (unless otherwise indicated), in dorsal and ventral views. 1 – 2 M. gracielae sp. nov., male holotype. 3 – 4 M. monostigma monostigma, male from Santa Rosa do Purus, Acre, Brazil. 5 – 8 M. nepticula stigmosa, 5 – 6 male; 7 – 8 female. 9 – 12 M. eupteryx stat. rest., 9 – 10 male from Senador Guiomard, Acre, Brazil; 11 – 12 female. 13 – 14 M. nola, male from Alto Alegre, Roraima, Brazil. 15 – 20 M. paraena, 15 – 16 male from Cáceres, Mato Grosso, Brazil; 17 – 18 male; 19 – 20 female. 21 – 28 M. epaphus (23 – 28 upper side left, underside right), 21 – 22 M. epaphus pyrrha, male; 23 female from Porto Acre, Acre, Brazil; 24 female from Senador Guiomard, Acre, Brazil; 25 M. epaphus epaphus, male from Belém, Pará, Brazil; 26 M. epaphus pyrrha, male from São Paulo de Olivença, Amazonas, Brazil; 27 – 28, M. epaphus pyrrha, males from Senador Guiomard, Acre, Brazil. 29 – 32 M. leucophrys, 29 – 30 male from Santa Rosa do Purus, Acre, Brazil; 31 – 32 female. Scale bar 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256291/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">Figs 21–22, 28</figureCitation>
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); and
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<taxonomicName id="F3A74D4FB565DB786E2BB686FC2FFB5B" authority="Stichel, 1910" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1910" box="[619,1000,1265,1290]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="epaphus" subSpecies="sertata">
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<emphasis id="06D3EADEB565DB786E2BB686FC81FB58" box="[619,838,1265,1290]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">M. epaphus sertata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="50364B3DB565DB786F0FB685FC2FFB5B" author="Stichel" box="[847,1000,1265,1290]" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" refString="Stichel, H. (1910) Fam. Riodinidae. Allgemeines. Subfam. Riodininae. Genera Insectorum, 112 a, 1 - 238." type="book chapter" year="1910">Stichel, 1910</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, also described from Tefé,
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<collectingRegion id="F663F82EB565DB78695FB686FA5FFB5B" box="[1311,1432,1266,1290]" country="Brazil" name="Amazonas" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="4CB0765CB565DB786CD7B761FF19FB7F" box="[151,222,1301,1326]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, is an intermediate between the phenotypes of typical
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<taxonomicName id="F3A74D4FB565DB786F0CB761FC6EFB7F" box="[844,937,1301,1326]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epaphus">
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<emphasis id="06D3EADEB565DB786F0CB761FC6EFB7F" box="[844,937,1301,1326]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">epaphus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="F3A74D4FB565DB786FA4B761FBF7FB7F" box="[996,1072,1301,1326]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrrha">
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<emphasis id="06D3EADEB565DB786FA4B761FBF7FB7F" box="[996,1072,1301,1326]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">pyrrha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, with the forewing apex mostly reddish orange, but with the white subapical spot visible throughout the reddish orange ground color (
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<figureCitation id="AC9C2A49B565DB78694DB74DFA57FB03" box="[1293,1424,1337,1362]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 32" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1766,1789]" captionTargetBox="[232,1349,195,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[232,1350,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 32. Mesene species from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil (unless otherwise indicated), in dorsal and ventral views. 1 – 2 M. gracielae sp. nov., male holotype. 3 – 4 M. monostigma monostigma, male from Santa Rosa do Purus, Acre, Brazil. 5 – 8 M. nepticula stigmosa, 5 – 6 male; 7 – 8 female. 9 – 12 M. eupteryx stat. rest., 9 – 10 male from Senador Guiomard, Acre, Brazil; 11 – 12 female. 13 – 14 M. nola, male from Alto Alegre, Roraima, Brazil. 15 – 20 M. paraena, 15 – 16 male from Cáceres, Mato Grosso, Brazil; 17 – 18 male; 19 – 20 female. 21 – 28 M. epaphus (23 – 28 upper side left, underside right), 21 – 22 M. epaphus pyrrha, male; 23 female from Porto Acre, Acre, Brazil; 24 female from Senador Guiomard, Acre, Brazil; 25 M. epaphus epaphus, male from Belém, Pará, Brazil; 26 M. epaphus pyrrha, male from São Paulo de Olivença, Amazonas, Brazil; 27 – 28, M. epaphus pyrrha, males from Senador Guiomard, Acre, Brazil. 29 – 32 M. leucophrys, 29 – 30 male from Santa Rosa do Purus, Acre, Brazil; 31 – 32 female. Scale bar 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256291/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">Figs 26–27</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="50364B3DB565DB786CD7B729FE54FB27" author="Hall" box="[151,403,1373,1398]" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" refString="Hall, J. P. W. & Harvey, D. J. (2002) A survey of androconial organs in the Riodinidae (Lepidoptera). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 136, 171 - 197. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1096 - 3642.2002.00003. x" type="journal article" year="2002">Hall & Harvey (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
downgraded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3A74D4FB565DB786E6EB72AFD66FB27" box="[558,673,1373,1398]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrrha">
|
||
<emphasis id="06D3EADEB565DB786E6EB72AFD66FB27" box="[558,673,1373,1398]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">M. pyrrha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3A74D4FB565DB786F3CB72AFBC7FB27" box="[892,1024,1373,1398]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epaphus">
|
||
<emphasis id="06D3EADEB565DB786F3CB72AFBC7FB27" box="[892,1024,1373,1398]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">M. epaphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and, observing the high variability, suggested that probably no subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3A74D4FB565DB786E31B7F6FD32FBCB" box="[625,757,1409,1434]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epaphus">
|
||
<emphasis id="06D3EADEB565DB786E31B7F6FD32FBCB" box="[625,757,1409,1434]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">M. epaphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be recognized. We studied several western Amazon specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3A74D4FB565DB786D7DB7D2FE01FBEF" box="[317,454,1445,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epaphus">
|
||
<emphasis id="06D3EADEB565DB786D7DB7D2FE01FBEF" box="[317,454,1445,1470]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">M. epaphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
deposited at the DZUP (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AC9C2A49B565DB786EBBB7D1FC18FBEF" box="[763,991,1445,1470]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 32" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1766,1789]" captionTargetBox="[232,1349,195,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[232,1350,195,1734]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 32. Mesene species from Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil (unless otherwise indicated), in dorsal and ventral views. 1 – 2 M. gracielae sp. nov., male holotype. 3 – 4 M. monostigma monostigma, male from Santa Rosa do Purus, Acre, Brazil. 5 – 8 M. nepticula stigmosa, 5 – 6 male; 7 – 8 female. 9 – 12 M. eupteryx stat. rest., 9 – 10 male from Senador Guiomard, Acre, Brazil; 11 – 12 female. 13 – 14 M. nola, male from Alto Alegre, Roraima, Brazil. 15 – 20 M. paraena, 15 – 16 male from Cáceres, Mato Grosso, Brazil; 17 – 18 male; 19 – 20 female. 21 – 28 M. epaphus (23 – 28 upper side left, underside right), 21 – 22 M. epaphus pyrrha, male; 23 female from Porto Acre, Acre, Brazil; 24 female from Senador Guiomard, Acre, Brazil; 25 M. epaphus epaphus, male from Belém, Pará, Brazil; 26 M. epaphus pyrrha, male from São Paulo de Olivença, Amazonas, Brazil; 27 – 28, M. epaphus pyrrha, males from Senador Guiomard, Acre, Brazil. 29 – 32 M. leucophrys, 29 – 30 male from Santa Rosa do Purus, Acre, Brazil; 31 – 32 female. Scale bar 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256291/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">Figs 21–22, 26–28</figureCitation>
|
||
), and observed a number of variable intermediate phenotypes between the
|
||
<emphasis id="06D3EADEB565DB786E05B7BEFD54FBB0" box="[581,659,1482,1505]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">sertata</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3A74D4FB565DB786E8DB7BDFCDEFBB3" box="[717,793,1481,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrrha">
|
||
<emphasis id="06D3EADEB565DB786E8DB7BDFCDEFBB3" box="[717,793,1481,1506]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">pyrrha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from a single locality, with identical morphology of the male genitalia. Therefore, we recognize
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3A74D4FB565DB786E1AB79AFC0BF857" authority="Stichel, 1910" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1910" box="[602,972,1517,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="epaphus" subSpecies="sertata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06D3EADEB565DB786E1AB79AFCF6F854" box="[602,817,1517,1542]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">M. epaphus sertata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="50364B3DB565DB786F78B799FC0BF857" author="Stichel" box="[824,972,1517,1542]" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" refString="Stichel, H. (1910) Fam. Riodinidae. Allgemeines. Subfam. Riodininae. Genera Insectorum, 112 a, 1 - 238." type="book chapter" year="1910">Stichel, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1DE057A5B565DB786F92B799FBFDF857" box="[978,1082,1517,1542]" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">
|
||
<emphasis id="06D3EADEB565DB786F92B799FBFDF857" bold="true" box="[978,1082,1517,1542]" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">syn. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
as a new junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3A74D4FB565DB78693DB79AFE8BF87B" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="epaphus" subSpecies="pyrrha">
|
||
<emphasis id="06D3EADEB565DB78693DB79AFE8BF87B" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">M. epaphus pyrrha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The taxonomic status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3A74D4FB565DB786EC5B466FCA3F87B" box="[645,868,1553,1578]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="epaphus" subSpecies="pyrrha">
|
||
<emphasis id="06D3EADEB565DB786EC5B466FCA3F87B" box="[645,868,1553,1578]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">M. epaphus pyrrha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which occurs in the western Amazon basin, in relation to the nominative subspecies, only known from the northeast of the Amazon basin, needs further research. Due to distribution of CAS and morphology of the male genitalia, this species belongs to the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3A74D4FB565DB78689CB42DFAF2F823" box="[1244,1333,1625,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phareus">
|
||
<emphasis id="06D3EADEB565DB78689CB42DFAF2F823" box="[1244,1333,1625,1650]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="470">phareus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” species group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |