365 lines
48 KiB
XML
365 lines
48 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="140241" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.80.e83035" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b1760d4a-3fd1-4d6c-b9bf-dfc006983cd6" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1864-8312-80-439" ID-Pensoft-UUID="3F4E21B524465471831D09738C2304A6" ID-ZooBank="62FFB94CEBF441639F22881435EFC37C" ModsDocID="1864-8312-80-439" checkinTime="1663021027595" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Santos, Daubian, Santos, Rodrigo dos Reis & Ribeiro, Guilherme Cunha" docDate="2022" docId="9AA3C8A3056751F0A754D36347DE9153" docLanguage="en" docName="ArthropodSystPhyl 80: 439-494" docOrigin="Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny 80" docPubDate="2022-09-12" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.80.e83035" docTitle="Amphineurus Skuse 1890" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="3F4E21B524465471831D09738C2304A6" lastPageNumber="439" masterDocId="3F4E21B524465471831D09738C2304A6" masterDocTitle="Systematics of Amphineurus (Rhamphoneurus Alexander) (Diptera: Tipuloidea: Limoniidae)" masterLastPageNumber="494" masterPageNumber="439" pageNumber="439" updateTime="1732675845660" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="DB2FB0001FDAA90B0F6E2DD0D0BC2754">
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<mods:title id="44E758DFF8136C26F616B22B669011F9">Systematics of Amphineurus (Rhamphoneurus Alexander) (Diptera: Tipuloidea: Limoniidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="4B678F9A06F45AA5083DB69D406DF0A8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3836A251005C9C3FBA7D97BA91778593">Santos, Daubian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="06629D21361EEBF1DB9D94C6BF242C67" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1220-1267</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="39BF96EA5CA22133998A1080005B6046">Universidade Federal do ABC, Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Humanas, Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2217066C83C6097417BB98E33C14A679" type="email">daubians@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name id="C9719444DAB7E5B31B6B9C6B3D43271F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F52C3843C01799FA9031D2E4ACB47B5D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="729C6E39D7062C515BE509250CB5D51F">Santos, Rodrigo dos Reis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8AF268AD92CEFC31EFB2A780A05D9E45">Pos-Graduacao em Entomologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="160D8FF762AA376838FF7D21A37089F3">Ribeiro, Guilherme Cunha</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="148CA497FE54B419E2BD5DED66CA27E0">Universidade Federal do ABC, Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Humanas, Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="159F3AD79CE83F1C021814524E33291F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="5CDA4F5A0987151E561E7F7179A73FAB">Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CC08CBB15FD6266020D533C627DF0F79">
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<mods:date id="CE4B70A1AF638F9BF9210CD2EB5D219E">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="51ECC360F6F4AE28921E589B651E1261">2022-09-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="549533CD627F55B4048049916F2D520E">80</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="880EF991F9E37814BBD55C4335BEBB20">439</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="FC0206FD23531F552214B313B47BA33B">494</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="0A28A8294F6B6DF0C1C485102EE76A60">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.80.e83035</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="1B067E2B18DDC32E9D1FD84AAAE1F642">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="1CAE4932C59A10E03E52522E66A92713" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.80.e83035</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="9AA3C8A3056751F0A754D36347DE9153" ID-GBIF-Taxon="200068361" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9AA3C8A3056751F0A754D36347DE9153" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9AA3C8A3056751F0A754D36347DE9153" lastPageNumber="439" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" scope_family="Limoniidae" scope_order="Diptera" scope_subFamily="Chioneinae">
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<subSubSection id="190FBDF503AE3492362B58EA02093839" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="EE950C4D00C84A5024D1263600387D52" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">
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3.1. Genus
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<taxonomicName id="E6168DA3308E9D1A62B6FF75A14A43AB" ID-CoL="87DFG" LSID="9AA3C8A3-0567-51F0-A754-D36347DE9153" authority="Skuse, 1890" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Amphineurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphineurus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amphineurus Skuse, 1890</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F6FEF4C9F3909EA03029D24F5A76FF2F" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="A1A514704BDA5666FE3360ABC2B940BB" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">
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<taxonomicName id="9C7E6C313F5411513B6143684EC8E1CE" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Amphineurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphineurus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amphineurus</taxonomicName>
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Skuse, 1890: 800 (as a subgenus of
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<taxonomicName id="BC5A6D10D0456BE1B35504599A6771E5" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Rhypholophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhypholophus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhypholophus</taxonomicName>
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||
). Type-species:
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<taxonomicName id="30F7B6B3B93F6494457B2539298CB294" baseAuthorityName="Skuse" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Amphineurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphineurus (A.) umbraticus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbraticus" subGenus="A.">Amphineurus (A.) umbraticus</taxonomicName>
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Skuse, 1890 (as
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<taxonomicName id="E3A6ABC205F8D86BB756EAC271FBAB13" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Rhypholophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhypholophus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhypholophus</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="92EA7BD26C235B62A41866E432A71546" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="FB1C6685CCC65CB6B8CE3F08684932BB" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7C9776D063701B569FE4B2544B9FBFA4" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">
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<taxonomicName id="F35696BB7A27F1726C833FB90C0D53D8" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Amphineurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphineurus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="00477566D582FEE1E4561FB09E33F86D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Amphineurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be diagnosed by the following combination of characters: gonocoxite bifid; wing with R2+3+4 aligned with R2+3. When there is an element R4+5 (and therefore, no R2+3), members of the genus are distinguished from other
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<taxonomicName id="0092FB05EAE3D39979BE5AA4DB7044C3" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chioneinae">Chioneinae</taxonomicName>
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by the closed discal cell.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="584CA69DD78E0E84F9CE3CBBCD5938C7" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="A29C7A9D2A107FD9FA9733C5F38A3655" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="26B10E687DBD877627CD0698E0CFE0EC" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">
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There is great diversity in the male terminalia of
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<taxonomicName id="B0747D31857E12804924F1621C5319D0" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Amphineurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphineurus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4387F090E6BEDF2C5BCC81289DB5AF6E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Amphineurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Figs
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<figureCitation id="FEEE920BCB792A6433054E10F78C7373" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Schematic illustration of the male terminalia of representatives of Amphineurus (dorsal view). A A. (A.) Amphineurus patya; B A. (A.) superbus; C A. (A.) pita; D A. (A.) umbraticus. - Abbreviations: ad spur, anterodorsal spur; aed, aedeagus; aed sh, sheath of aedeagus; b spur, basal spur; cgonst, clasper of gonostylus; db clasper, dorsal branch of clasper of gonostylus; db lobe, dorsal branch of lobe of gonostylus; f, foramen of male tergite X; goncx, gonocoxite; la spur, latero-apical spur; lb sh, lateral branch of sheath of aedeagus; lgonst, lobe of gonostylus; lh, lateral humps; mh, medial humps; pb sh, posterior branches of sheath of aedeagus; t 9, male tergite IX; t 10, male tergite X; vb clasper, ventral branch of clasper of gonostylus; vb lobe, ventral branch of lobe of gonostylus." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e83035.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/740554" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="C8B75F4B08E8122A6F504839CF673871" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Schematic illustration of the male terminalia of representatives of Amphineurus (dorsal view). A A. (A.) maculosus; B A. (Nothormosia) edentulus; C A. (A.) perdecorus; D A. (Nesormosia) fatuus. - Abbreviations: aed, aedeagus; aed sh, sheath of aedeagus; cgonst, clasper of gonostylus; db clasper, dorsal branch of clasper of gonostylus; goncx, gonocoxite; gonst, gonostylus; lb sh, lateral branch of sheath of aedeagus; lgonst, lobe of gonostylus; ms lobe, mesal lobe of gonocoxite; t 9, male tergite IX; vb clasper, ventral branch of clasper of gonostylus." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e83035.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/740555" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">2</figureCitation>
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). There are many variations from the simplified pattern of
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<taxonomicName id="11015E2C478096FE5CEA2767C3947CD4" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. (A.) patya" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="patya" subGenus="A.">A. (A.) patya</taxonomicName>
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Theischinger (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="15C612F1BEDD24084BFD4309E2061E36" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Schematic illustration of the male terminalia of representatives of Amphineurus (dorsal view). A A. (A.) Amphineurus patya; B A. (A.) superbus; C A. (A.) pita; D A. (A.) umbraticus. - Abbreviations: ad spur, anterodorsal spur; aed, aedeagus; aed sh, sheath of aedeagus; b spur, basal spur; cgonst, clasper of gonostylus; db clasper, dorsal branch of clasper of gonostylus; db lobe, dorsal branch of lobe of gonostylus; f, foramen of male tergite X; goncx, gonocoxite; la spur, latero-apical spur; lb sh, lateral branch of sheath of aedeagus; lgonst, lobe of gonostylus; lh, lateral humps; mh, medial humps; pb sh, posterior branches of sheath of aedeagus; t 9, male tergite IX; t 10, male tergite X; vb clasper, ventral branch of clasper of gonostylus; vb lobe, ventral branch of lobe of gonostylus." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e83035.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/740554" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">1A</figureCitation>
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) to the asymmetric disposition of
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<taxonomicName id="D41736EB72C43912555CCB1A0D433702" authority="" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. (Nesormosia)" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Nesormosia">A. (Nesormosia)</taxonomicName>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation id="B2421B30DF07C9CDD1D9945B03652C30" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Schematic illustration of the male terminalia of representatives of Amphineurus (dorsal view). A A. (A.) maculosus; B A. (Nothormosia) edentulus; C A. (A.) perdecorus; D A. (Nesormosia) fatuus. - Abbreviations: aed, aedeagus; aed sh, sheath of aedeagus; cgonst, clasper of gonostylus; db clasper, dorsal branch of clasper of gonostylus; goncx, gonocoxite; gonst, gonostylus; lb sh, lateral branch of sheath of aedeagus; lgonst, lobe of gonostylus; ms lobe, mesal lobe of gonocoxite; t 9, male tergite IX; vb clasper, ventral branch of clasper of gonostylus." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e83035.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/740555" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">2D</figureCitation>
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). Therefore, defining a broad diagnosis for
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<taxonomicName id="8F7956363B3A384DC3147F6E8AC3BB1A" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Amphineurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphineurus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="3A96B3A1455CB7548A19A4FB6A15E9A3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Amphineurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is not so easy.
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<bibRefCitation id="F3B97A9C3AF41F60DFD2158BA1C53732" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.15067" author="Skuse, FAA" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Dipterological Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" refId="B41" refString="Skuse, FAA, 1890. Diptera of Australia, Part 7. The Tipulidae brevipalpi. Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New South Wales (2)4: 757-892. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.15067" title="Diptera of Australia, Part 7. The Tipulidae brevipalpi. Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New South Wales (2) 4: 757 - 892." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.15067" year="1890">Skuse (1890)</bibRefCitation>
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defined
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<taxonomicName id="3FB2E819AE6F09773C41CAC33406791E" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Amphineurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphineurus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="54F3FB472ED965805609CD5560333B12" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Amphineurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
as a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C60F8E034334AC85431CB8EBDDE48AA" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Rhypholophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhypholophus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3440A38CAB852671AF43162E90105739" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Rhypholophus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
<normalizedToken id="83AAA38C0290007F4CB5571222B53B6C" originalValue="Skuse’s">Skuse's</normalizedToken>
|
||
definition fits better to the current subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90E2BD2BAA08CB771C2F87E9429EA694" authority="" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. (Amphineurus)" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Amphineurus">A. (Amphineurus)</taxonomicName>
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but does not portray the reality of other species of
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<taxonomicName id="0D27DD1F1380D309260C04667ECEF1F1" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Amphineurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphineurus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="513C2773A99E6719D02AC50478A951F4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Amphineurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. His diagnosis included the absence of the discal cell, the radial sector with four branches, "second longitudinal vein angulated", and hind femora one third longer than the intermediate pair. These features are non-exclusive or variable in the genus.
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</paragraph>
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||
<caption id="03F6A29ED3A1AA6BC63587038BA73A29" doi="10.3897/asp.80.e83035.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/740554" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
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||
<paragraph id="A56A14AFEF38A3E94F898AC666D12542" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">
|
||
<emphasis id="9607D7015F0CD8E49B11B45CC07363EF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Schematic illustration of the male terminalia of representatives of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E88F08633895388D197078B475CF3D40" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Amphineurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphineurus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="81EF369C6C7F6ED6B68A2AB6E4DDF2F2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Amphineurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(dorsal view).
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||
<emphasis id="632A0D0FAA016B3AFB85D9C7CDC794B1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="397C33DBB576AAD6E2DC8675A449E398" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="A." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A." order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F78E0F5555FCDB591EDF341CC890A145" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">A.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FFCB6FDF82565CD7D4CF472E72AD721D" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="A." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A." order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">A.</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="51E1C6AA16357A1D52E48EF16E6A120B" authorityName="Theischinger" authorityYear="1994" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Amphineurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphineurus patya" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="patya">
|
||
<emphasis id="F971060FC563433A792D29CE7940048A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Amphineurus patya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="5CDE134D9D15735CB52910FEBC1F191B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="595464552304EA75E0D78011401FF1B3" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. (A.) superbus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superbus" subGenus="A.">A. (A.) superbus</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="045018ED97B991D81B749F62927428A0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60A50E77F49E773AE22F76C6E0ED7EAD" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. (A.) pita" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pita" subGenus="A.">A. (A.) pita</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="6491576ADA82FB76021EE0E96029F748" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B66D93953152765B6FACAF99DCCBB834" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. (A.) umbraticus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbraticus" subGenus="A.">A. (A.) umbraticus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. - Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="2355F6FF5282C9CB2AC3798DAEB79BB1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">ad spur</emphasis>
|
||
, anterodorsal spur;
|
||
<emphasis id="E2BE26B6360C0E44297A4C6FA4430929" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">aed</emphasis>
|
||
, aedeagus;
|
||
<emphasis id="E94010448799C6648B6760CA053277EA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">aed sh</emphasis>
|
||
, sheath of aedeagus;
|
||
<emphasis id="47CABA5D270F18CC8CBE1EE0DC9D76FB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">b spur</emphasis>
|
||
, basal spur;
|
||
<emphasis id="A3E2A3B84290B45AED1DC475565F0619" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">cgonst</emphasis>
|
||
, clasper of gonostylus;
|
||
<emphasis id="135CBE73503EAD8349DD1167C1C46EB0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">db clasper</emphasis>
|
||
, dorsal branch of clasper of gonostylus;
|
||
<emphasis id="3DC685EBB1E6E4EE0A62EC730EC5540E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">db lobe</emphasis>
|
||
, dorsal branch of lobe of gonostylus;
|
||
<emphasis id="3F1BF83A656C1D8D4107F1E534CF0AA4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">f</emphasis>
|
||
, foramen of male tergite X;
|
||
<emphasis id="E79077BADF25B5B6C7AD8D3F1062A776" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">goncx</emphasis>
|
||
, gonocoxite;
|
||
<emphasis id="DC8FFC47ED732BE20B119627EAFC8217" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">la spur</emphasis>
|
||
, latero-apical spur;
|
||
<emphasis id="CF2787184F5435246C68681E0F1B14C2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">lb sh</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral branch of sheath of aedeagus;
|
||
<emphasis id="74917F6679B9307EDCDB13D080573F6D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">lgonst</emphasis>
|
||
, lobe of gonostylus;
|
||
<emphasis id="2D99794AE1CE2F9C5AF998022DD2F3F4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">lh</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral humps;
|
||
<emphasis id="51F1EB720495A2A5462F0772BB823AB6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">mh</emphasis>
|
||
, medial humps;
|
||
<emphasis id="E4D283A14E77F22110C920234D1E5033" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">pb sh</emphasis>
|
||
, posterior branches of sheath of aedeagus;
|
||
<emphasis id="106B1D25F79FF733B5301FE993A05596" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">t9</emphasis>
|
||
, male tergite IX;
|
||
<emphasis id="2606D79DE45D4F93774C9149BCB0AF38" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">t10</emphasis>
|
||
, male tergite X;
|
||
<emphasis id="08D96FD69AD7000EE74662D9C968B57B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">vb clasper</emphasis>
|
||
, ventral branch of clasper of gonostylus;
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EEC78869B8B585CF15DACF404BCD93" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">vb lobe</emphasis>
|
||
, ventral branch of lobe of gonostylus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="C3C188883E4D5DA2BDE59C5899752CBA" doi="10.3897/asp.80.e83035.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/740555" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph id="73AB7C34EDBF399CB08EDF6C24555924" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AA92EE82B4FB35AC2D2C441A4FF6687" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Schematic illustration of the male terminalia of representatives of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2EB1C3879D2807F5D000D8D3D9CEDFB" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Amphineurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphineurus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97EFD71E2139E8AE48C98D3406B88FF7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Amphineurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(dorsal view).
|
||
<emphasis id="3825359587A1DDB70C2A4072E1981FC8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C22228314DB55AF5FC033CEC040F562C" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. (A.) maculosus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculosus" subGenus="A.">A. (A.) maculosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="1245B837CC657CE697358EE8299A0F96" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B1AE7D9D1DFC9CD371890FAC1A8B2E0B" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. (Nothormosia) edentulus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="edentulus" subGenus="Nothormosia">A. (Nothormosia) edentulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="DBBAEF761032A0474EC82E5BB44F6B52" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6D7E351748D7FF840925BE0D388602E" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. (A.) perdecorus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perdecorus" subGenus="A.">A. (A.) perdecorus</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="1E9B2291E81E49A9F08F9AF8D283E57A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="723393B1FC50745D3369F5A167BCE5F9" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. (Nesormosia) fatuus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fatuus" subGenus="Nesormosia">A. (Nesormosia) fatuus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. - Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="FE154BEB6B7D125A3D275DF3671A8C2A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">aed</emphasis>
|
||
, aedeagus;
|
||
<emphasis id="B60223C1AFF1CEE5F2BAD939BBD9C108" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">aed sh</emphasis>
|
||
, sheath of aedeagus;
|
||
<emphasis id="350406F5AD42E2701B8C3304BD90BF42" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">cgonst</emphasis>
|
||
, clasper of gonostylus;
|
||
<emphasis id="B2E932B24C1CCBF822940AE770CAA779" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">db clasper</emphasis>
|
||
, dorsal branch of clasper of gonostylus;
|
||
<emphasis id="BD0A677B5B0AB41AD7BFFC5FD2CA1F8E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">goncx</emphasis>
|
||
, gonocoxite;
|
||
<emphasis id="24F12988AAAF6935CA5DFA9508336F31" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">gonst</emphasis>
|
||
, gonostylus;
|
||
<emphasis id="94DEC97FE92F0A8B2E540E45F50A628C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">lb sh</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral branch of sheath of aedeagus;
|
||
<emphasis id="610018F04CC8CCCA3E03E5D5EE684B03" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">lgonst</emphasis>
|
||
, lobe of gonostylus;
|
||
<emphasis id="7470F13A401457C89706DEEE3C539F7C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">ms lobe</emphasis>
|
||
, mesal lobe of gonocoxite;
|
||
<emphasis id="49401ECE6C8FBA5AE457100EB085CEC1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">t9</emphasis>
|
||
, male tergite IX;
|
||
<emphasis id="B330D5F1B23ED690446D5FF2AD21CFCF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">vb clasper</emphasis>
|
||
, ventral branch of clasper of gonostylus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="E4E3916BD5A375C83E64E7D6949BDD38" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7F911ECBEF54E952C53EB4D6C24D91ED" DOI="https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent52141-6" author="Alexander, CP" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Queensland Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" pagination="52 - 63" refId="B1" refString="Alexander, CP, 1920. New or little-known crane-flies in the Queensland museum (Tipulidae, Diptera). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 7: 52 - 63, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent52141-6" title="New or little-known crane-flies in the Queensland museum (Tipulidae, Diptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent52141-6" volume="7" year="1920">Alexander (1920)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
allocated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40CEB699F5006B3DB00AFBDF6F0E6B56" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Amphineurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphineurus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADA8A72AF2E739A0BCD47C03D9864F02" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Amphineurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBE5B32C22960D54C1E40A783999AAA3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Ormosia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ormosia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3BFC1B863EBBA06102871E0AEA21070A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Ormosia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
after highlighting the abundant and conspicuous wing macrotrichia (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="10144DFAE2FE631F10772119ABBD0F9B" captionStart="Figure 5. A" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. A Wing of Amphineurus (Rhamphoneurus) caleuchus sp. nov. (male); B detail of wing of Amphineurus (Rhamphoneurus) immaculatus sp. nov. - Abbreviation: arc, arculus." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e83035.figure5a" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/740558" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">5B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="06D3905E201BE357855087C182CE71D2" author="Edwards, FW" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the New Zealand Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" pagination="265 - 352" refId="B19" refString="Edwards, FW, 1923. A preliminary revision of the crane-flies of New Zealand (Anisopodidae, Tanyderidae, Tipulidae). Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 54: 265 - 352" title="A preliminary revision of the crane-flies of New Zealand (Anisopodidae, Tanyderidae, Tipulidae)." volume="54" year="1923">Edwards (1923)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
redefined the genus to support two New Zealand species.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D03C4426023AB2CDD9268B01571450E0" originalValue="Edwards’">Edwards'</normalizedToken>
|
||
diagnosis includes the short mid-leg, short and hairy wing, and radius four-branched. Nevertheless, these features occur in other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="523F5B81D4ED9302702C14E1D1CC7994" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chioneinae">Chioneinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B39AA774A19653DD20DD1578D549075D" author="Edwards, FW" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the New Zealand Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" pagination="265 - 352" refId="B19" refString="Edwards, FW, 1923. A preliminary revision of the crane-flies of New Zealand (Anisopodidae, Tanyderidae, Tipulidae). Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 54: 265 - 352" title="A preliminary revision of the crane-flies of New Zealand (Anisopodidae, Tanyderidae, Tipulidae)." volume="54" year="1923">Edwards (1923)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also referred to the fact that the medial vein forks in M3+4 and M1+2 and that the anal vein is sinuous. These features are plastic in the genus.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4B1E68CFB4C32F457BCC160010A4D5A8" author="Alexander, CP" journalOrPublisher="Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" pagination="1 - 240" refId="B7" refString="Alexander, CP, 1929a. Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. Part I. Crane-flies (Tipulidae, Trichoceridae, Tanyderidae). Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile 1: 1 - 240" title="Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. Part I. Crane-flies (Tipulidae, Trichoceridae, Tanyderidae)." volume="1" year="1929 a">Alexander (1929a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
used the definition of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8A229922FD8B8CAEB09452EC4FDCB7DA" author="Edwards, FW" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the New Zealand Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" pagination="265 - 352" refId="B19" refString="Edwards, FW, 1923. A preliminary revision of the crane-flies of New Zealand (Anisopodidae, Tanyderidae, Tipulidae). Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 54: 265 - 352" title="A preliminary revision of the crane-flies of New Zealand (Anisopodidae, Tanyderidae, Tipulidae)." volume="54" year="1923">Edwards (1923)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and emphasized the characteristic "abundant trichiation" of the genus. However, in the same article,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="077A82F19849976A5618C34A82ACB07C" author="Alexander, CP" journalOrPublisher="Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" pagination="1 - 240" refId="B7" refString="Alexander, CP, 1929a. Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. Part I. Crane-flies (Tipulidae, Trichoceridae, Tanyderidae). Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile 1: 1 - 240" title="Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. Part I. Crane-flies (Tipulidae, Trichoceridae, Tanyderidae)." volume="1" year="1929 a">Alexander (1929a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="211C54C7DA2684E70E611A284212C8F9" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Maietta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Maietta" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D281CE4EC84F40066F02ECB17CA94AA2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Maietta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has more wing vestiture than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="616AAFAD8AF81D0E571914B5A7135F61" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Amphineurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphineurus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FABA27314F9FA3AE93B259288787A63" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Amphineurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Some species of the Neotropical subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A51759895F66CBAA202BF7AFEFD4318" authority="" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. (Rhamphoneurus)" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Rhamphoneurus">A. (Rhamphoneurus)</taxonomicName>
|
||
have less macrotrichia than other subgenera. No more inclusive diagnosis was proposed and recent revisions (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F83933B89455136D02224EA5175E7960" author="Theischinger, G" journalOrPublisher="Stapfia" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" pagination="37 - 276" refId="B42" refString="Theischinger, G, 1994. The Limoniinae (Diptera: Tipulidae) of Australia V. The genera Helius Le Peletier and Serville, Toxorhina Loew, Limonia Meigen (part), Tonnoiromyia Alexander and Collessophila gen. nov. (all tribe Limoniini) and Atarba Osten-Sacken, Amphineurus Skuse, Erioptera Meigen, Cheilotrichia Rossi, Gonomyia Meigen and Idiocera Dale (all tribe Eriopterini). Stapfia 36: 37 - 276" title="The Limoniinae (Diptera: Tipulidae) of Australia V. The genera Helius Le Peletier and Serville, Toxorhina Loew, Limonia Meigen (part), Tonnoiromyia Alexander and Collessophila gen. nov. (all tribe Limoniini) and Atarba Osten-Sacken, Amphineurus Skuse, Erioptera Meigen, Cheilotrichia Rossi, Gonomyia Meigen and Idiocera Dale (all tribe Eriopterini)." volume="36" year="1994">Theischinger 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1643F74C23836A7E1B8001919B01A043" author="Theischinger, G" journalOrPublisher="Stapfia" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" pagination="1 - 18" refId="B43" refString="Theischinger, G, 1996. The Limoniinae (Diptera: Tipulidae) of Australia VI. New and insufficiently known species of Toxorhina Loew, Limonia Meigen, Atarba Osten Sacken, Amphineurus Skuse, Gonomyia Meigen and Molophilus Curtis. Stapfia 44: 1 - 18" title="The Limoniinae (Diptera: Tipulidae) of Australia VI. New and insufficiently known species of Toxorhina Loew, Limonia Meigen, Atarba Osten Sacken, Amphineurus Skuse, Gonomyia Meigen and Molophilus Curtis." volume="44" year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) redefined only the diagnosis of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B1380DBFF195FF9475A19279F2DA1B7" authority="" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. (Amphineurus)" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Amphineurus">A. (Amphineurus)</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F314F5B5D9FE87D3A76FB0655CE4DDC" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EFAC30AE1E97450E0834B9AE2DCFD95" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Amphineurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphineurus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="10C7E8BBB5F7805841517064FAC47CEF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Amphineurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an 180
|
||
<normalizedToken id="973D69B8503C27098F45FAA5B823CCCE" originalValue="º">°</normalizedToken>
|
||
rotation of male terminalia (in the words of Edwards: "undergone permanent torsion").
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="ABC2D9A85EB6D474659F1D7C15A8A22A" author="Edwards, FW" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the New Zealand Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" pagination="265 - 352" refId="B19" refString="Edwards, FW, 1923. A preliminary revision of the crane-flies of New Zealand (Anisopodidae, Tanyderidae, Tipulidae). Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 54: 265 - 352" title="A preliminary revision of the crane-flies of New Zealand (Anisopodidae, Tanyderidae, Tipulidae)." volume="54" year="1923">Edwards (1923)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also shows that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="18039477B9130A584C127BDCBFB04D06" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Amphineurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphineurus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="87D0014EFB7D36EBD68C174358428F4F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Amphineurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a long, finger-like gonocoxite process (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="AA2B445A4BD318F3F7264E8C968B99AB" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Schematic illustration of the male terminalia of representatives of Amphineurus (dorsal view). A A. (A.) Amphineurus patya; B A. (A.) superbus; C A. (A.) pita; D A. (A.) umbraticus. - Abbreviations: ad spur, anterodorsal spur; aed, aedeagus; aed sh, sheath of aedeagus; b spur, basal spur; cgonst, clasper of gonostylus; db clasper, dorsal branch of clasper of gonostylus; db lobe, dorsal branch of lobe of gonostylus; f, foramen of male tergite X; goncx, gonocoxite; la spur, latero-apical spur; lb sh, lateral branch of sheath of aedeagus; lgonst, lobe of gonostylus; lh, lateral humps; mh, medial humps; pb sh, posterior branches of sheath of aedeagus; t 9, male tergite IX; t 10, male tergite X; vb clasper, ventral branch of clasper of gonostylus; vb lobe, ventral branch of lobe of gonostylus." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e83035.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/740554" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">1A</figureCitation>
|
||
). This is evidence of the bifid gonocoxite, a condition present (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="E3ADAA1B43D53AFF78F8236101D283CA" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Amphineurus (Rhamphoneurus) stigamticus sp. nov. A head (ventral view); B head (dorsal view); C detail of wing; D wing; E thorax (lateral view); F thorax (dorsal view); G male tergite IX (dorsal view) and remainder of male terminalia (lateral view); H female terminalia (dorsal view). - Abbreviations: aed sh, sheath of aedeagus; anatg, anatergite; anepm, anepimeron; anepst, anepisternum; aprn, anteropronotum; cer, cercus; cgonst, clasper of gonostylus; cx, coxa; goncx, gonocoxite; hlt, halter; hyp val, hypogynial valve; k, knob of halter; kepm, katepimeron; kepst, katepisternum; ktg, katatergite; l ms, left mesal lobe of gonocoxite; lgonst; lobe of gonostylus; mr, meron; ms lobe, mesal lobe of gonocoxite; mtanepst, metanepisternum; mtepm, metepimeron; mtg, mediotergite; mtkepst, metakatepisternum; mtn, metanotum; p, posterior basalare; patg, paratergite; pprn, postpronotum; presct, prescutum; r ms, right mesal lobe of gonocoxite; sct, scutum; sctl, scutellum; st, sternite; tg, tergite; t 9, male tergite IX." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e83035.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/740582" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">29G</figureCitation>
|
||
) in some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A8241369CE152178D0CF6C42E8123D" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chioneinae">Chioneinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
with inverted male terminalia. This gonocoxal process forms a protective hood (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CDC35309297E4D99615F738C6B3110E8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12312-020-00750-x" author="Kramer, J" journalOrPublisher="Dipterists Forum Cranefly Recording Scheme Newsletter" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" pagination="6 - 7" refId="B24" refString="Kramer, J, 2020. The rotation of the hypopygium in Molophilus and other Chioneinae. Bulletin of the Dipterists Forum 89; Cranefly News. Dipterists Forum Cranefly Recording Scheme Newsletter 35: 6 - 7, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12312-020-00750-x" title="The rotation of the hypopygium in Molophilus and other Chioneinae. Bulletin of the Dipterists Forum 89; Cranefly News." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12312-020-00750-x" volume="35" year="2020">Kramer 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) for the appendices of the inverted terminalia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0708BA6B5ECAFDC4E0F84F126603591F" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AB37356D9B0897751A339CFEEACEFB0E" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chioneinae">Chioneinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
genera with inverted terminalia bear great diversity and frequently they have hairy wings similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="928CBCB27FE4ACC9B75DC170400AD1F1" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Amphineurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphineurus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ED927EE7C9A00C4D9472AA5FA713F355" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Amphineurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The great amount of wing vestiture resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="33E4F3EA52646B732511AF38B169DF27" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Maietta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Maietta" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D041F577D94D4B5ED2B8483E5FC56612" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Maietta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Alexander. The wings of some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FE1EEA112A7F887AF5496246AAE59030" authority="" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. (Amphineurus)" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Amphineurus">A. (Amphineurus)</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="2A9A10585540257DA75C01A432453FC8" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Most parsimonious tree (part) yielded by parsimony analysis with implied weighting (K = 3), depicting recovered relationships among outgroup taxa. Numbers at tree branches designate nodes (see 4.2.). - Abbreviations: Aus, Australia; NC, New Caledonia; NG, New Guinea; NZ, New Zealand, SAm, South America; Tas, Tasmania." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e83035.figure32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/740585" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">32</figureCitation>
|
||
: Node 18) have a distinctive radial sector such as seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="396AA94D97A2CF38A63FD9FDD47CA63D" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Molophilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Molophilus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BE2302EE4992D27E29019A93784B599E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Molophilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Curtis. Some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1D6633ACA8AD4690C327BDBA878A484" authority="" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. (Amphineurus)" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Amphineurus">A. (Amphineurus)</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C8F22B679A8A89F7C3C1787162C7BF66" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Most parsimonious tree (part) yielded by parsimony analysis with implied weighting (K = 3), depicting recovered relationships among outgroup taxa. Numbers at tree branches designate nodes (see 4.2.). - Abbreviations: Aus, Australia; NC, New Caledonia; NG, New Guinea; NZ, New Zealand, SAm, South America; Tas, Tasmania." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e83035.figure32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/740585" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">32</figureCitation>
|
||
: Node 23) resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8823835512B9BC59B966A415736CDB6A" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Hoplolabis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplolabis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2B408CF06751220070C6409220077F63" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Hoplolabis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ECBAA0596DD7DCE682FD64CAA495715" authorityName="Savchenko" authorityYear="1976" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Parilisia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parilisia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7AA568B2C18ED2FAF68330960B70F4EC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Parilisia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Savchenko). The trifid claspers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3410417A069371CEB65A41E812856284" authority="" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. (Rhamphoneurus)" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Rhamphoneurus">A. (Rhamphoneurus)</taxonomicName>
|
||
are observed in genera such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="050783889D7E1E88EA8D6E5587F180AE" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Hoplolabis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplolabis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDA545B028B26BA50F4E3D29DEA48195" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Hoplolabis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Osten Sacken and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="06F865C86481976FD5092575B98933EB" authorityName="Rossi" authorityYear="1848" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Cheilotrichia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cheilotrichia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F579122A3A5748CA124397DD8B7EAE54" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Cheilotrichia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Rossi. Despite that, in the group of genera with a bifid gonocoxite and inverted terminalia, vein R2+3 is normally aligned with R2+3+4. The exception is a clade of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B81C6B2CD7A2EAB885F1A27EA6AE5C5" authority="" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. (Amphineurus)" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Amphineurus">A. (Amphineurus)</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="26D686EFA65DA2E13B6E93A764E17981" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Most parsimonious tree (part) yielded by parsimony analysis with implied weighting (K = 3), depicting recovered relationships among outgroup taxa. Numbers at tree branches designate nodes (see 4.2.). - Abbreviations: Aus, Australia; NC, New Caledonia; NG, New Guinea; NZ, New Zealand, SAm, South America; Tas, Tasmania." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e83035.figure32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/740585" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">32</figureCitation>
|
||
: Node 18) that shows resemblances in the radial sector with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="23980BA1DDB14BC410F91E593869F8CB" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Molophilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Molophilus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1B168FA3AF9B1B4A07E3AC1D07165693" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Molophilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(where R2+3+4 is lacking), but the former has a closed discal cell among other wing features which places it within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="590918F1E8272718AAF59CD0134E2363" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Amphineurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphineurus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F9F8F7076D5838C5587E8BA6521160" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Amphineurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |