240 lines
29 KiB
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240 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.70.100804" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-1324-2-221" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7EB2FB6659E4538C811B62C9D8009E3D" ID-ZooBank="2824CBF6C72A4397B944262D324AF5D6" ModsDocID="1860-1324-70-2-221" checkinTime="1689044411682" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hemp, Claudia, Montealegre-Z, Fernando, Woodrow, Charlie & Heller, Klaus-Gerhard" docDate="2023" docId="65CA16E75D66539D990ED146F9882006" docLanguage="en" docName="DeutEntomolZeit 70(2): 221-259" docOrigin="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 70 (2)" docPubDate="2023-07-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.70.100804" docTitle="Dioncomena ornata Brunner von Wattenwyl 1878" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="7EB2FB6659E4538C811B62C9D8009E3D" lastPageNumber="221" masterDocId="7EB2FB6659E4538C811B62C9D8009E3D" masterDocTitle="Bush-crickets with very special ears and songs - review of the East African Phaneropterinae genus Dioncomena Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878, with notes on its biogeography and the description of new species" masterLastPageNumber="259" masterPageNumber="221" pageNumber="221" updateTime="1689044411682" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="3E6260213C2D99A9882C77CC47C492BA">Bush-crickets with very special ears and songs - review of the East African Phaneropterinae genus Dioncomena Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878, with notes on its biogeography and the description of new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BF71474A5EC4748689006BFB927750E0">Hemp, Claudia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FB04779EAFECFD094309841F4BAADF1B">University of Bayreuth, Department Plant Systematics & Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center, Frankfurt, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6F025146A4EC2F2660984810B222E632" type="email">claudiahemp@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="D672BD81957C6639B30C59D37EB662D8">Montealegre-Z, Fernando</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E05DCA1D7B760C8CA0FD23ED8005B636">University of Lincoln, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Lincoln, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="985B292ACA5230B3E46DB198C07F53E2">Woodrow, Charlie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="66522875D1DD748D8565759556FF3D3C">University of Lincoln, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Lincoln, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BF39805EBC67E325FECEE0E17EDE0E2A">Heller, Klaus-Gerhard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E6482AF10C704DB9A9C560807922F63A">Triesdorf Bahnhof 8, 91732 Merkendorf, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="AB89BDD62259AFA984689247C221B835">Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="FFDCC294CD20B82A6B16AFC9EBD503CA">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="65CA16E75D66539D990ED146F9882006" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:65CA16E75D66539D990ED146F9882006" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/65CA16E75D66539D990ED146F9882006" lastPageNumber="221" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">
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<subSubSection id="23F98A19B8A5DD9A9329A590FA3DE6C3" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="0A99F772D2F491C29D557C8CC934879F" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">
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<taxonomicName id="6705BC2C20533FFD6BA8D8577793741B" ID-CoL="6CV98" ID-ENA="487295" LSID="65CA16E7-5D66-539D-990E-D146F9882006" authority="Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Dioncomena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dioncomena ornata" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornata">Dioncomena ornata Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3E97F686837F83491F9EEE14C9A1E440" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" type="description">
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<paragraph id="66A6B59CA0CD80C0780F4F15E5ED1CD3" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">
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<figureCitation id="8B99EC4F659372B3BF69DB15D794895F" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Stridulatory files of Dioncomena species, tegmen articulation to the right. A-E. D. jagoi - group: A. D. jagoi; B. D. flavoviridis sp. nov.; C. D. magombera sp. nov.; D. D. sanje sp. nov.; E. D. grandis (from Naskrecki and Guta 2019); F. D. ornata (Nguru Mts.); G. D. zernyi; H. D. tanneri; I. D. versicolor sp. nov.; J. D. ngurumontana sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871454" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">Figs 2F</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="48ECDF0B4675C60BC41DD8C90FA9EC5B" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Nymphal stages of Dioncomena ornata. A, B. Freshly hatched L 1, Magoroto Forest Estate, East Usambara Mountains; C. L 3 stage; D. L 5 nymph." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871470" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">, 18</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="142642345C44CC201CFA86B817C6BA55" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Oscillograms of male calling songs of Dioncomena species. Overview (150 - s-sections)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871471" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">, 19</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="C43395DCB72F3FC46E471C9A3A7BBD28" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Oscillograms of male calling songs of Dioncomena species. Central portion of main part of song; 20 - s-sections." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871473" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">, 21</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0CBA9A2EB699AC51EA262C3124D86D1C" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Oscillograms of male tick songs of Dioncomena species. A-C. D. flavoviridis; A, B. ticks; C. alternating males; D. D. jagoi; E. D. grandis (from Naskrecki and Guta 2019); F, G. D. magombera sp. nov.; H, I. D. sanje sp. nov.; J-L. D. ornata; M. D. zernyi; N. D. tanneri; O. D. versicolor sp. nov.; P. D. ngurumontana sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871475" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">, 22J-L</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="BE8C2AE9B41FDD9DC9A76CD71330539D" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Oscillograms of male-female-duets in Dioncomena species. Overview (150 - s-sections)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871477" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">, 23</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0DA1A7452F377BEEA3B7F41061B48F4D" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Oscillograms of male-female-duets in Dioncomena species. Detail (20 - s-sections)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871478" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">, 24</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="214A12179A71ADDF3FB2B96B7006D6DA" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Oscillograms of male-female-duets in Diocomena species. Detail (3 - s-sections)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871480" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">, 25</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="578D054349933B3AA9B6E770C928CD52" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Oscillograms of male calling songs of Dioncomena species. Detail (1 - s-sections). A-C. D. ornata: A. Section of first part; B. Section of first part in atypical male; C. Section of second part; D. D. tanneri; E, F. D. ngurumontana sp. nov.: E. Change from fast to slow rhythm; F. ' coda'." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871483" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">, 28A-C</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="10DF2ABEE61F35283EFD467A8B6157FD" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Power spectra of the male calling songs of the Dioncomena species studied. Asteriks in the respective color mark the positions of the analysed sounds, for D. flavoviridis sp. nov. in Fig. 23, for D. jagoi in Fig. 20, for D. magombera sp. nov. in Fig. 25, for D. sanje sp. nov. see Figs 26, 29 (dense combination: blue and violett, high frequency syllable: green, gappy combination: red), for D. ornata in Fig. 27, for D. zernyi in Fig. 25 E (song), Fig. 21 M (ticks), for D. tanneri in Fig. 25, for D. versicolor sp. nov. in Fig. 25, for D. ngurumontana sp. nov. in Fig. 23." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871485" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">, 30</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="8DAA2CAE3DF6995B20DC01AC1E03EAE3" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Dorsal view of pronotum in Dioncomena and related genera, indicating different degrees of widening. A. D. flavoviridis sp. nov.; B. D. sanje sp. nov.; C. D. ornata, Amani; D. D. ornata, Jozani, Zanzibar; E. Kefalia laeta Hemp, 2017; F. Meruterrana elegans Sjoestedt, 1912; G. Atlasacris brevipennis Massa, 2015 (photo OSF); 1 male, 2 female." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871490" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">, 35C, D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="6352F56B3628BEF6FD32216C5D2F6E8A" captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="F36" captionText="Figure 36. Distribution of Dioncomena species in East Africa. Locality data this paper, Ragge 1980; Hemp 2017; Massa 2021; Naskrecki and Guta 2019. Source: Google maps." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871491" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">, 36</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="52B1A77E2A249D6A63545A088601769B" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="D630ECCA05E12684ECD7387557B2FE68" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">
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<taxonomicName id="91FD1B87F7A3FE5F59BA4A5010AFC599" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Dioncomena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dioncomena superba" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superba">Dioncomena superba</taxonomicName>
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Karsch, 1889. Syn.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A16422ED7391F2130F8E9DCA5FF20683" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8AB81038FCB4216F44CBE0D041B06903" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4D562AE3D60703B4844A06611C5EC466" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">
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Female
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<taxonomicName id="79716A3537DC7A5E93A44FDC202C85E7" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Dioncomena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dioncomena ornata" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornata">
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<emphasis id="F41FD94E9DB76B955B9C5C22104B563F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">Dioncomena ornata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, as well as
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<taxonomicName id="F1CC1F617EB5D4AE0360F9A4CD8AA85C" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. flavoviridis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="flavoviridis">
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<emphasis id="F1F882CA969E3F9744A4CDD6C7AEEC34" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. flavoviridis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov.,
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<taxonomicName id="63DE40739B122EA5A55947D09436150F" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. tanneri" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="tanneri">
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<emphasis id="58A16ECF6AECEAA3381BF81CC9BDC561" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. tanneri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="C971DB3313B488DC4C0B75F76E3B78D0" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. sanje" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="sanje">
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<emphasis id="B533C410BAEEF1DFAE12266E59B825A1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. sanje</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov., deposit their eggs into the ribs of leaves or stems of small branches. A female collected from Kazimzumbwi Forest Reserve near the coast of Dar es Salaam deposited eggs in December 2015, with the first nymphs hatching in February 2016 and molting into adults in April 2016. Another female collected from Magoroto Forest Estate in the East Usambara Mountains laid eight eggs into the midrib of a leaf on August 31, 2019. The first L1 nymph hatched on November 3, 2019, while the last nymph emerged on December 30, 2019, almost two months later. It takes about two to four months for nymphs to develop into adults (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="47AB597AD734D62077513B11E3549F63" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Nymphal stages of Dioncomena ornata. A, B. Freshly hatched L 1, Magoroto Forest Estate, East Usambara Mountains; C. L 3 stage; D. L 5 nymph." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871470" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">18</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="1894A315148816147460DE4883BC661B" doi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871470" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" start="Figure 18" startId="F18">
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<paragraph id="B82988BD38E4C6765669B8B9136AB547" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">
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<emphasis id="C0746E65F4B6EDCB61CF992DC5C275E9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">Figure 18.</emphasis>
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Nymphal stages of
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<taxonomicName id="FDEF760AC33791C2616F04F482393536" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Dioncomena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dioncomena ornata" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornata">
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<emphasis id="8B189F7C9110A74556AEA300115942A8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">Dioncomena ornata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="BED0F65074184C8FAB5D86D6DD49D0F7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">A, B.</emphasis>
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Freshly hatched L1, Magoroto Forest Estate, East Usambara Mountains;
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<emphasis id="5E69797AFB5095CE2AB1B3E3A1A6E5AC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">C.</emphasis>
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L3 stage;
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<emphasis id="498B3010B2C26220D485AF11FA0C4A03" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D.</emphasis>
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L5 nymph.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="979E085CA89E863017F2E88582263E6E" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">
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In the field, individuals of
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<taxonomicName id="F166B55EEAA28D0623F384507C195441" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. ornata" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="ornata">
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<emphasis id="F0A0F148E8AC0200AC41B8B617FE765B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. ornata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were often observed in clusters on certain bushes, with males perched at the tops of branches and females gathering further down. In contrast to
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<taxonomicName id="A25847821532A4CB37B578BA93477250" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. flavoviridis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="flavoviridis">
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<emphasis id="07FF0717BF748AADB43FDF3BEB4F875B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. flavoviridis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. and
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<taxonomicName id="50BC85B63C5AB6103EC81282CD137D34" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. sanje" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="sanje">
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<emphasis id="523F2F19A5E498221F915D58D4B0C3F5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. sanje</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov., males of
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<taxonomicName id="1195475AAA87D2EFA6E06A1279708B7C" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. ornata" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="ornata">
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<emphasis id="0FC2EB9F03BDE6B13A16774C98D49F99" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. ornata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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transfer only small spermatophores to females during mating. However, in the three observed copulations, the process lasted 60 minutes or longer, unlike the other two species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="82284138C18F8ED5BEA63485B0510E21" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" type="phenology">
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<paragraph id="11D9BBE68801A947CA26A407F1423F2A" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">Phenology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4871CF58A39523A2B188DB5A0287190E" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">
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<taxonomicName id="FB821AFD783C0B8967637E90AD4055CC" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. ornata" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="ornata">
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<emphasis id="0278B71BDB2D5C508619F9D06A1E36CD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. ornata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
adults were collected year-round in lowland and coastal forests, while at higher elevations in the submontane zone, such as Amani in the East Usambara Mountains or Lutindi forest in the West Usambara Mountains, only one generation per year was present, with adult individuals rarely collected between April and October. In the Uluguru Mountains, where
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<taxonomicName id="6E869BD78979759F0F09FCFC19DE6637" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. ornata" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="ornata">
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<emphasis id="770A65450DB81CC12F74A4AF55ED0D04" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. ornata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
was screened from 2016, the species was only encountered once in March 2020 at elevations between 1700 and 2100 m, indicating that its development is likely triggered by temperature and that only one generation is produced in the montane zone. In Zanzibar,
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<taxonomicName id="FFC1DCCEA152741FE3462E4950333459" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. ornata" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="ornata">
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<emphasis id="B28C002B53C193658D33A475F353F4AF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. ornata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
probably develops only one main generation per year, with adults found from December to April, with highest abundance in February, while only a few individuals were found in October 2018, and the species was not observed during other checks in October (2016, 2017). Eggs from
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<taxonomicName id="17C5984F20A7619D28033DD2CAAE9B7A" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. ornata" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="ornata">
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|
<emphasis id="447DDFCBD66789F8252458D339A7B896" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. ornata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
laid in the laboratory in February 2022 hatched at the end of May 2022, with the first adults molting at the beginning of August 2022. However, laboratory conditions make it difficult to exclude the possibility that high temperatures and constant moisture may have triggered earlier hatching.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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|
<subSubSection id="DFB2B289116FB58D29FBA3C8818D42D7" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" type="habitat">
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|
<paragraph id="765F4278F0B526950BBF16B56DCB4333" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">Habitat and distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="02F95483A508562CB96A565B8302CC53" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">
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|
<taxonomicName id="A2468B3AC97FDCAC10628E515D56CAA0" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. ornata" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="ornata">
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|
<emphasis id="56F2B8FB8DF96F34F34EE6CB0D167ECC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. ornata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
|
is a species of clearings and forest paths, distributed from coastal to montane forests in Kenya and Tanzania.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8B2F13C029CD3DE92AB99395C028BBE5" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" type="notes on d. ornata from zanzibar and mainland africa">
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|
<paragraph id="3E8CBC2C4B601268150F8A0F4A6266E8" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">
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|
Notes on
|
|
<taxonomicName id="303A6E486712613DAC562165F280FC50" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. ornata" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
|
<emphasis id="34D96064A5B3AF856FF0AC4D5ADE771A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. ornata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Zanzibar and mainland Africa.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="83352D70346A9D26471CFE4AB4B7ABC0" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">
|
|
In 1878, Brunner v. Wattenwyl established the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F0D4A456687FC40EAA809365BF8899" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Dioncomena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dioncomena" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="B7E238A780248D4AA7850D649F073752" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">Dioncomena</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
based on specimens of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0C054781F9FBD96749E32197884C3718" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. ornata" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
|
<emphasis id="2285C747ED6E5D468A591504B93C60DD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. ornata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
collected on Zanzibar. Later,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="C9A695CF2356282BC0CD0D22BAA0642D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.47918880408" author="Karsch, F" journalOrPublisher="Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" pagination="415 - 464" refId="B20" refString="Karsch, F, 1889. Orthopterologische Beitraege III. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 32: 415 - 464, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.47918880408" title="Orthopterologische Beitraege III." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.47918880408" volume="32" year="1889">Karsch (1889)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
described
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DD9AFFBBE6EDE8EDACCEB6D1A9295C0F" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. superba" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="superba">
|
|
<emphasis id="CBA1FEEF18FBC434968294AE7F36A688" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. superba</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from the East Usambara Mountains, noting that the new species differed from Zanzibar specimens only in its color pattern.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EA90AD0FF5B58EB1E230AC58A356EE74" author="Ragge, DR" journalOrPublisher="Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" pagination="1 - 192" refId="B29" refString="Ragge, DR, 1980. A review of the African Phaneropterinae with open tympana (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 40 (2): 1 - 192" title="A review of the African Phaneropterinae with open tympana (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)." volume="40" year="1980">Ragge (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
compared a large series of specimens from mainland Africa and Zanzibar and concluded that the differences between the two populations were only in color pattern, while other features such as stridulatory files, the 10th abdominal tergites in males, and general measurements were similar. Therefore, he synonymized
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AFBF71C5665AD562A096B8C7A8F40E9A" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. superba" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="superba">
|
|
<emphasis id="2A013DF48298680F8641D44A83A36D28" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. superba</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="16CBF24EB6547518509D2FCF9BF2A00A" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. ornata" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
|
<emphasis id="E4D0E978F2D183CEC4395F3C04A5C05F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. ornata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="7290EF7BDC3E7B5848CC877B68CC14B4" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">
|
|
However, since Ragge only examined dried specimens and did not see alive specimens from Zanzibar and various mainland areas, he may not have been aware of the significant differences in color pattern. Zanzibar populations are distinctly red and black, while mainland specimens never show any red in their color pattern but often have vivid turquoise stripes (see Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="6F8405DC715CA6ED58CB9B4EF9A15FEC" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Dorsal view of pronotum in Dioncomena and related genera, indicating different degrees of widening. A. D. flavoviridis sp. nov.; B. D. sanje sp. nov.; C. D. ornata, Amani; D. D. ornata, Jozani, Zanzibar; E. Kefalia laeta Hemp, 2017; F. Meruterrana elegans Sjoestedt, 1912; G. Atlasacris brevipennis Massa, 2015 (photo OSF); 1 male, 2 female." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.100804.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/871490" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">35C, D</figureCitation>
|
|
). Generally, the color pattern in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="78ED83907187AFAD1B891C43CA02203E" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Dioncomena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dioncomena" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="35824FB8EF4FA002DAA996642EBEE23E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">Dioncomena</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species, including the widespread
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6F5893208D3D88CBF9D6F9E60A298E5A" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. ornata" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
|
<emphasis id="4812DFF742AB0A0508A885F841A05DB3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. ornata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from various mountain ranges and along the coast, is highly stable, suggesting that subspecies status should be considered for mainland populations of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="855679A204B909A45DA7D7E99A81549B" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. ornata" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="221" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
|
<emphasis id="40572FF9EBF2CEFD0B684B1EC012F225" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="221">D. ornata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Further studies on genetics and chromosomes are needed to clarify the status of the Zanzibar and mainland populations.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |