254 lines
30 KiB
XML
254 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="CC74B7B6F155A1BFA24A82584DE5B185" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3602.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5259143" ID-ZooBank="10304FBF-3969-4EFA-83F1-BB8A5E2B37F3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629836269209" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="TAYLOR, M. L., CAIRNS, S. D., AGNEW, D. J. & ROGERS, A. D." docDate="2013" docId="EE36E867FFC7FFA8FF0AAC78FBA809F5" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03602p105.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3602 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3602.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Thouarella bipinnata Cairns 2006" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="68" masterDocId="120F901FFF85FFEBFF9DAB72FFEA0E66" masterDocTitle="<strong> A revision of the genus <em> Thouarella </ em> Gray, 1870 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae), including an illustrated dichotomous key, a new species description, and comments on <em> Plumarella </ em> Gray, 1870 and <em> Dasystenella </ em>, Versluys, 1906 </ strong>" masterLastPageNumber="105" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1699119148921" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="595BDE865DC69832FBE128EC18B512F2"><strong> A revision of the genus <em> Thouarella </ em> Gray, 1870 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae), including an illustrated dichotomous key, a new species description, and comments on <em> Plumarella </ em> Gray, 1870 and <em> Dasystenella </ em>, Versluys, 1906 </ strong></mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="62B6C81BA8C28839D65E142F2FA2431E">TAYLOR, M. L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8486A1A29C844F383AFD222FFACBCF0D">CAIRNS, S. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="14FEB6E5B400172AD8BD528A29AF25C5">AGNEW, D. J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="33530DF074B4919890CE35759CDB5C13">ROGERS, A. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="DE086097770161E86783BB5B59E8A9FF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="78F402FE23D8DC08A29223149509AD44">
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<mods:date id="C3402FE5E3FC61086B6BBE32CEFE64D5">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F634FEF3A38518B132377D82046F893C">2013-01-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5EFADB432A1D36AC99E5573C7F2BCFB6">3602</mods:number>
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<treatment id="EE36E867FFC7FFA8FF0AAC78FBA809F5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EE36E867FFC7FFA8FF0AAC78FBA809F5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EE36E867FFC7FFA8FF0AAC78FBA809F5" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<subSubSection id="2E850AFAFFC7FFA9FF0AAC78FD830942" box="[151,617,1802,1828]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="66205971FFC7FFA9FF0AAC78FD830942" blockId="66.[151,617,1802,1828]" box="[151,617,1802,1828]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis id="54EB8563FFC7FFA9FF0AAC78FD830942" bold="true" box="[151,617,1802,1828]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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13.
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<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFC7FFA9FF5EAC78FD830942" ID-CoL="56L59" authority="Cairns, 2006" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2006" box="[195,617,1802,1828]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bipinnata">
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<emphasis id="54EB8563FFC7FFA9FF5EAC78FE2E0942" bold="true" box="[195,452,1802,1828]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Thouarella bipinnata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFC7FFA9FE51AC78FD830942" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[460,617,1802,1828]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="161 - 194" refId="ref62073" refString="Cairns, S. D. (2006) Studies on western Atlantic Octocorallia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). Part 6: The genera Primnoella Gray, 1858; Thouarella Gray, 1870; Dasystenella Versluys, 1906. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 119 (2), 161 - 194. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2988 / 0006 - 324 X (2006) 119 [161: SOWAOC] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2006">Cairns, 2006</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="2E850AFAFFC7FFA9FF0AAC23FBFE0901" box="[151,1044,1873,1895]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="66205971FFC7FFA9FF0AAC23FBFE0901" blockId="66.[151,1044,1873,1895]" box="[151,1044,1873,1895]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="468F7E5FFFC7FFA9FF0AAC23FBFE0901" box="[151,1044,1873,1895]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<treatmentCitation id="E73E7F60FFC7FFA9FF0AAC23FDB70901" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[151,605,1873,1895]" page="181" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" year="2006">
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<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFC7FFA9FF0AAC23FDB70901" ID-CoL="56L59" authority="Cairns, 2006: 176 - 181" authorityName="Cairns" authorityPageNumber="176 - 181" authorityYear="2006" box="[151,605,1873,1895]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bipinnata">
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<emphasis id="54EB8563FFC7FFA9FF0AAC23FE840901" box="[151,366,1873,1895]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Thouarella bipinnata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFC7FFA9FEE9AC23FDB70901" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[372,605,1873,1895]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="161 - 194" refId="ref62073" refString="Cairns, S. D. (2006) Studies on western Atlantic Octocorallia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). Part 6: The genera Primnoella Gray, 1858; Thouarella Gray, 1870; Dasystenella Versluys, 1906. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 119 (2), 161 - 194. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2988 / 0006 - 324 X (2006) 119 [161: SOWAOC] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2006">Cairns, 2006: 176–181</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, figs 8, 9;
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<treatmentCitation id="E73E7F60FFC7FFA9FD55AC23FC2C0901" author="Cairns, S. D. & Bayer, F. M." box="[712,966,1873,1895]" page="28" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" year="2009">
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<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFC7FFA9FD55AC23FC2C0901" author="Cairns, S. D. & Bayer, F. M." box="[712,966,1873,1895]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref62273" refString="Cairns, S. D. & Bayer, F. M. (2009) A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 629, 1 - 79. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.629" type="journal article" year="2009">Cairns & Bayer 2009: 28</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(listed)
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2E850AFAFFC7FFA8FF0AACE6FBA809F5" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="66205971FFC7FFA9FF0AACE6FD0D09B6" blockId="66.[151,1436,1940,2036]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis id="54EB8563FFC7FFA9FF0AACE6FE8009CA" box="[151,362,1940,1964]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Material examined</emphasis>
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||
:
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||
<materialsCitation id="D6F7532CFFC7FFA9FEE4ACE6FD0D09B6" collectingDate="1963-06-30" country="Bahamas" county="Bank" elevation="686" location="Straits of Florida" municipality="Little" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="54EB8563FFC7FFA9FEE4ACE6FE0C09CA" bold="true" box="[377,486,1940,1964]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<typeStatus id="B924E7D3FFC7FFA9FEE4ACE6FE0C09CA" box="[377,486,1940,1964]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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||
, USNM 53015,
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||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFC7FFA9FD00ACE6FD0E09CA" authorityName="Claparede & Lachmann" authorityYear="1858" box="[669,740,1940,1964]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Ophrydiidae" genus="Gerda" kingdom="Chromista" order="Peritrichida" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFC7FFA9FD00ACE6FD0E09CA" box="[669,740,1940,1964]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Gerda</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
177,
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||
<location id="63400FAAFFC7FFA9FCBFACE6FC0A09CA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EE36E867FFC7FFA8FF0AAC78FBA809F5:63400FAAFFC7FFA9FCBFACE6FC0A09CA" box="[802,992,1940,1964]" country="Bahamas" county="Bank" municipality="Little" name="Straits of Florida" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Straits of Florida</location>
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||
, off northwest corner of
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="8644C30BFFC7FFA9FB6FACE6FAC409CA" box="[1266,1326,1940,1964]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Little</collectingMunicipality>
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<collectingCountry id="1E8819E1FFC7FFA9FAA8ACE6FA7609CA" box="[1333,1436,1940,1964]" name="Bahamas" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
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<collectingCounty id="8F4121FDFFC7FFA9FF0AACCAFF3F09B6" box="[151,213,1976,2000]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Bank</collectingCounty>
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||
, 27˚17’N, 79˚34’W,
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||
<elevation id="EDB2BE42FFC7FFA9FE20ACCAFDA609B6" box="[445,588,1976,2000]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.859999999999999" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="m" value="686.0">
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<quantity id="A167F494FFC7FFA9FE20ACCAFDEE09B6" box="[445,516,1976,2000]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.859999999999999" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="m" value="686.0">686 m</quantity>
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depth
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</elevation>
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||
,
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||
<date id="12217FB1FFC7FFA9FDCAACCAFD0909B6" box="[599,739,1976,2000]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="1963-06-30">
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||
<collectingDate id="02658659FFC7FFA9FDCAACCAFD0909B6" box="[599,739,1976,2000]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="1963-06-30">30 Jun 1963</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
.
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||
</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="66205971FFC7FFA9FF5AACA9FB970992" blockId="66.[151,1436,1940,2036]" box="[199,1149,2011,2036]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFC7FFA9FF5AACA9FE6E0992" bold="true" box="[199,388,2011,2036]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Other material:</emphasis>
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all other specimens are from the original description (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFC7FFA9FC7EACAEFB9B0992" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[995,1137,2012,2036]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="161 - 194" refId="ref62073" refString="Cairns, S. D. (2006) Studies on western Atlantic Octocorallia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). Part 6: The genera Primnoella Gray, 1858; Thouarella Gray, 1870; Dasystenella Versluys, 1906. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 119 (2), 161 - 194. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2988 / 0006 - 324 X (2006) 119 [161: SOWAOC] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2006">Cairns 2006</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="66205971FFC6FFA8FF0AABEAFEF10EC9" blockId="67.[151,1436,152,1399]" box="[151,283,152,175]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="54EB8563FFC6FFA8FF0AABEAFEF10EC9" box="[151,283,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Description</emphasis>
|
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="66205971FFC6FFA8FF0AABCEFD190EB2" blockId="67.[151,1436,152,1399]" box="[151,755,188,212]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
Description modified from the original (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFC6FFA8FDC4ABCEFD020EB2" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[601,744,188,212]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="161 - 194" refId="ref62073" refString="Cairns, S. D. (2006) Studies on western Atlantic Octocorallia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). Part 6: The genera Primnoella Gray, 1858; Thouarella Gray, 1870; Dasystenella Versluys, 1906. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 119 (2), 161 - 194. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2988 / 0006 - 324 X (2006) 119 [161: SOWAOC] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2006">Cairns 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="66205971FFC6FFA8FF5AABADFC520FE1" blockId="67.[151,1436,152,1399]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
Colonies are uniplanar, delicate, and irregularly pinnate to bipinnate (occasionally 2 branchlets occur contiguously on the same side of the stem). The largest specimen (the
|
||
<typeStatus id="B924E7D3FFC6FFA8FC31AA76FBFA0F7A" box="[940,1040,260,284]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) is
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFC6FFA8FBA5AA76FB850F7D" box="[1080,1135,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="cm" value="9.0">9 cm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFC6FFA8FB7DAA76FACF0F7D" box="[1248,1317,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
|
||
wide with a basal axis diameter of
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFC6FFA8FE31AA55FDEC0F59" box="[428,518,295,319]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="B924E7D3FFC6FFA8FDDBAA55FD420F59" box="[582,680,295,319]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
has 4 larger diameter branchlets near the colony base, each with a series of smaller branchlets, up to
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFC6FFA8FDBFAA3EFD980F05" box="[546,626,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, that are placed roughly alternately at intervals of
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFC6FFA8FB69AA3EFA8E0F05" box="[1268,1380,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="5.0">5–15 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The axis is golden-yellow colour with a white calcareous discoidal holdfast.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFC6FFA8FF5AAAE6FE820CE2" blockId="67.[151,1436,152,1399]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
The polyps occur on the main stem and branchlets in a roughly alternating arrangement. Occasionally 2 polyps are arranged opposite to each other but there is no consistent tendency towards pairing or whorls. The polyps of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="B924E7D3FFC6FFA8FEABAAAEFE700F92" box="[310,410,476,500]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
are orientated toward one face of the colony, with a density of 11–14 per cm, they stand perpendicular to the branchlet, are modestly clavate, and up to
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFC6FFA8FCF3AA8DFC2F0C71" box="[878,965,511,535]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
high with a H:W of 1.8–2.2. Each polyp has 6–8 longitudinal rows of scales with
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFC6FFA8FDE7A956FD2E0C5A" box="[634,708,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" metricValueMax="1.27" metricValueMin="0.762" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="in" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 in</quantity>
|
||
the abaxial row. The scales increase in size proximally as the polyp diameter decreases such that at the polyp base there are no adaxial scales and the inner-laterals are either reduced or absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFC6FFA8FF5AA9FDFC7A0D72" blockId="67.[151,1436,152,1399]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">The operculars are lanceolate to arrowhead-shaped, up to 900 µm high, with a H:W of 2.1–2.9, and form a well-defined operculum. The outer surface has radial striations from the proximal centre and a deep depression, corresponding to a large simple keel on the inner surface, the keel having many adjacent striations. Tubercules cover the proximal third of the inner surface of the opercular scales.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFC6FFA8FF5AA86DFC450DA1" blockId="67.[151,1436,152,1399]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">The marginals are arranged in inner and outer rings of 4 scales each with their distal edges overlapping. The marginal scales are the same size as the operculars but more rounded proximally and have a pointed distal edge and a lower H:W of 1.3–2.1. The inner surface bears a complex keel with wide lateral projections whilst the remaining inner surface area is tuberculate with a narrow smooth distal band along the lateral edges. The outer surface has low radial striations from the proximal centre and some granular markings.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFC6FFA8FF5AA8A6FF0C0A31" blockId="67.[151,1436,152,1399]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">The submarginals are elliptical, with a short, pointed distal edge, and are 500–600 µm high with a H:W of 0.9–0.95. The inner surface is tuberculate with a wide smooth edge distally and some ridges perpendicular to the edge whilst the outer surface is mostly smooth with rare granules arranged radially from the proximal centre.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFC6FFA8FF5AAF16FF0C0B6A" blockId="67.[151,1436,152,1399]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">The body-wall scales are roughly rectangular, sometimes rounded, usually broader than wide (H:W of 0.85–0.9), and can be 800 µm wide towards the polyp base. The proximal outer surface is covered in granules and sometimes striations. The inner surface is tuberculate, often with ridges perpendicular to the distal edge. As with all polyp sclerites of this species, the distal edge is finely serrate and the proximal edge coarsely lobate.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFC6FFA8FF5AAE65FF050B32" blockId="67.[151,1436,152,1399]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">The coenenchymal scales are irregular shaped, up to 600 µm in diameter, and have a highly concave outer surface.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFC6FFA8FF5AAE12FDF20B11" blockId="67.[151,1436,152,1399]" box="[199,536,1375,1399]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
For images see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFC6FFA8FEEBAE2DFDFE0B11" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[374,532,1375,1399]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="161 - 194" refId="ref62073" refString="Cairns, S. D. (2006) Studies on western Atlantic Octocorallia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). Part 6: The genera Primnoella Gray, 1858; Thouarella Gray, 1870; Dasystenella Versluys, 1906. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 119 (2), 161 - 194. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2988 / 0006 - 324 X (2006) 119 [161: SOWAOC] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2006">Cairns (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFC6FFA8FF0AAEDAFECA0BA6" blockId="67.[151,1435,1448,1543]" box="[151,288,1448,1472]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFC6FFA8FF0AAEDAFECA0BA6" box="[151,288,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFC6FFA8FF0AAEBEFEC10861" blockId="67.[151,1435,1448,1543]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
Blake Plateau, off northern Florida, and Straits of Florida, off Little
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1E8819E1FFC6FFA8FC32AEBEFBFC0B82" box="[943,1046,1484,1508]" name="Bahamas" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
Bank, to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1E8819E1FFC6FFA8FB17AEBEFB0E0B82" box="[1162,1252,1484,1508]" name="Guyana" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
, from depths of
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFC6FFA8FF0AAE9DFECD0861" box="[151,295,1519,1543]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.534999999999999" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.07" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="m" value="753.5" valueMax="1000.0" valueMin="507.0">507–1000 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFC6FFA8FF0AAD4AFEC60836" blockId="67.[151,1435,1592,1940]" box="[151,300,1592,1616]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFC6FFA8FF0AAD4AFEC60836" box="[151,300,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Comparisons</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFC6FFA8FF0AAD2EFBA809F5" blockId="67.[151,1435,1592,1940]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFC6FFA8FF0AAD2EFE7E0812" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2006" box="[151,404,1628,1652]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bipinnata">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFC6FFA8FF0AAD2EFE7E0812" box="[151,404,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Thouarella bipinnata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only species within Group 1 that is truly uniplanar with bipinnate to pinnate branching. There are several species that can appear bilateral e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFC6FFA8FC26ADF3FBA108FE" baseAuthorityName="Kukenthal" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[955,1099,1664,1688]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="koellikeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFC6FFA8FC26ADF3FBA108FE" box="[955,1099,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">T. koellikeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the colonies of which also have roughly alternating polyps of a similar size to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFC6FFA8FD72ADD7FC9608DA" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2006" box="[751,892,1700,1724]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bipinnata">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFC6FFA8FD72ADD7FC9608DA" box="[751,892,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">T. bipinnata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the polyps of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFC6FFA8FB3FADD7FAC408DA" baseAuthorityName="Kukenthal" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[1186,1326,1700,1724]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="koellikeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFC6FFA8FB3FADD7FAC408DA" box="[1186,1326,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">T. koellikeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are more rounded, there are double the number of scales in the abaxial rows (7–10, rather than
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFC6FFA8FBE1ADB5FB2E08B9" box="[1148,1220,1735,1759]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" metricValueMax="1.27" metricValueMin="0.762" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="in" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFC6FFA8FB51ADBBFAB30886" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2006" box="[1228,1369,1736,1760]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bipinnata">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFC6FFA8FB51ADBBFAB30886" box="[1228,1369,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">T. bipinnata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and polyps of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFC6FFA8FE91AD9FFE7D0962" baseAuthorityName="Kukenthal" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[268,407,1772,1796]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="koellikeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFC6FFA8FE91AD9FFE7D0962" box="[268,407,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">T. koellikeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a lower opercular cone than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFC6FFA8FC10AD9FFBF00962" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2006" box="[909,1050,1772,1796]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bipinnata">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFC6FFA8FC10AD9FFBF00962" box="[909,1050,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">T. bipinnata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFC6FFA8FBB4AD9EFB100962" authorityName="Cairns & Bayer" authorityYear="2009" box="[1065,1274,1772,1796]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFC6FFA8FBB4AD9EFB100962" box="[1065,1274,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Thouarella affinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFC6FFA8FAA9AD9FFA710962" authorityName="Zapata-Guardiola and Lopez-Gonzalez" authorityYear="2010" box="[1332,1435,1772,1796]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFC6FFA8FAA9AD9FFA710962" box="[1332,1435,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">T. viridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have colonies that can both appear bilateral, however, the polyps of both have more scales in the abaxial rows (6–7) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFC6FFA8FE8AAC47FE4E092A" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2006" box="[279,420,1844,1868]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bipinnata">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFC6FFA8FE8AAC47FE4E092A" box="[279,420,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">T. bipinnata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFC6FFA8FE29AC46FD6C092A" authorityName="Broch" authorityYear="1965" box="[436,646,1844,1868]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brucei">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFC6FFA8FE29AC46FD6C092A" box="[436,646,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Thouarella brucei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFC6FFA8FD5DAC47FCDB092A" authorityName="Zapata-Guardiola and Lopez-Gonzalez" authorityYear="2010" box="[704,817,1844,1868]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="andeep">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFC6FFA8FD5DAC47FCDB092A" box="[704,817,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">T. andeep</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can have a bilateral colony shape and both have 4–5 scales in the abaxial rows of polyps, comparable to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFC6FFA8FD67AC2BFC620916" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2006" box="[762,904,1880,1904]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bipinnata">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFC6FFA8FD67AC2BFC620916" box="[762,904,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">T. bipinnata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFC6FFA8FB8CAC2BFB740916" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2006" box="[1041,1182,1880,1904]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bipinnata">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFC6FFA8FB8CAC2BFB740916" box="[1041,1182,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">T. bipinnata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has modestly clavate polyps, very different from the distally flared polyps of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFC6FFA8FCB5AC0FFC7209F2" authorityName="Zapata-Guardiola and Lopez-Gonzalez" authorityYear="2010" box="[808,920,1916,1940]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="andeep">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFC6FFA8FCB5AC0FFC7209F2" box="[808,920,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">T. andeep</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFC6FFA8FC4EAC0FFBD009F2" authorityName="Broch" authorityYear="1965" box="[979,1082,1916,1940]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brucei">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFC6FFA8FC4EAC0FFBD009F2" box="[979,1082,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">T. brucei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |