444 lines
56 KiB
XML
444 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document id="0B427AAEE1FB6FDB5F8509D5AB3E4718" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3602.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5259143" ID-ZooBank="10304FBF-3969-4EFA-83F1-BB8A5E2B37F3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629836269209" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="TAYLOR, M. L., CAIRNS, S. D., AGNEW, D. J. & ROGERS, A. D." docDate="2013" docId="EE36E867FFC2FFA0FF0AADB5FD5C0B4F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03602p105.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3602 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3602.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Thouarella parachilensis TAYLOR & CAIRNS & AGNEW & ROGERS 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="76" masterDocId="120F901FFF85FFEBFF9DAB72FFEA0E66" masterDocTitle="<strong> A revision of the genus <em> Thouarella </ em> Gray, 1870 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae), including an illustrated dichotomous key, a new species description, and comments on <em> Plumarella </ em> Gray, 1870 and <em> Dasystenella </ em>, Versluys, 1906 </ strong>" masterLastPageNumber="105" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="72" updateTime="1699119148921" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5156CABC8A684C2F68CE2634310D2469">
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<mods:title id="70CA8867688EAFAB05AF09FA33D9B26E"><strong> A revision of the genus <em> Thouarella </ em> Gray, 1870 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae), including an illustrated dichotomous key, a new species description, and comments on <em> Plumarella </ em> Gray, 1870 and <em> Dasystenella </ em>, Versluys, 1906 </ strong></mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="123E1920A7BFDA12CCAE539D4B183217" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="CDFC74E70AAA5B5C2C8C79DC211708D9">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F89A41A5891B6388ABDA97659D1A0559">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="B5BE6808840B79F225F4CD6365F4A787">TAYLOR, M. L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="E66362F59AEEE03AB801A0FDDA44CE31">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9E77D2DFEC44856F699F252D61250C4D">CAIRNS, S. D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="21AC2C11364C83368BC750F671C4A065" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="9CCE1E0E58ADD69190A16E02204F2664">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D30CB46E32CC9B16EF868407247346E6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3E561F329EDEBD5C1AF65A2580A0CAFC">AGNEW, D. J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="A882E0127C26CCFAC8972A29B4861B97" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7DE1288CB4D9CD473105150CAEF913F0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="C56DDF69BD31942BA779D60862ED127A">ROGERS, A. D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7E36E7F226B60E73A16FFAEA6615FE8F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="7B86C150E7602997018F74DF9C9C8B8E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="7FB06AF60BF559905288562D74B872A8">
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<mods:date id="417629EDEF1B8761A98A3E766100D4E1">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0831365D2C78E1B61F2B2F6650010F0B">2013-01-14</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="DAA96486B7127B0602DABB17292FF202" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="7D329495A4A50EBC8E68C27078A60B59">3602</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="0770E0A435619A21B65B5A6BBF0E7099" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="87CA64EB0F85ED0C157D9E6A29F15D09">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="0DF9889F4602EA25175B0B3A45480E1B">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="FCD2D6F9236645315245751531232463">105</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="5EB5438820CCFCAB395486378BE13470">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3602.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="9E415AD1CAC0AE167AB68DC9B94394CE">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="98E7498D7A27717D39E52558BA108AE5" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3602.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="327DB71AB15284FD6E1220D268912F57" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="EE36E867FFC2FFA0FF0AADB5FD5C0B4F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EE36E867FFC2FFA0FF0AADB5FD5C0B4F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EE36E867FFC2FFA0FF0AADB5FD5C0B4F" lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<subSubSection id="2E850AFAFFC2FFACFF0AADB5FDBD0887" box="[151,599,1735,1761]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="66205971FFC2FFACFF0AADB5FDBD0887" blockId="71.[151,599,1735,1794]" box="[151,599,1735,1761]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<emphasis id="54EB8563FFC2FFACFF0AADB5FDBD0887" bold="true" box="[151,599,1735,1761]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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17.
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<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFC2FFACFF5EADB5FE180887" ID-CoL="56L5Y" authority="TAYLOR & CAIRNS & AGNEW & ROGERS, 2013" authorityName="TAYLOR & CAIRNS & AGNEW & ROGERS" authorityYear="2013" box="[195,498,1735,1761]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parachilensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="54EB8563FFC2FFACFF5EADB5FE180887" bold="true" box="[195,498,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Thouarella parachilensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="4FD83818FFC2FFACFE67ADB5FDBD0887" box="[506,599,1735,1761]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="2E850AFAFFC2FFACFF0AAD98FDCB09BC" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="66205971FFC2FFACFF0AAD98FEFE0964" blockId="71.[151,599,1735,1794]" box="[151,276,1770,1794]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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||
<figureCitation id="FEA445F4FFC2FFACFF0AAD98FF060964" box="[151,236,1770,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="73.[151,250,1977,2000]" captionTargetBox="[208,1379,177,1972]" captionTargetId="figure-53@73.[208,1379,157,1974]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 28. Thouarella parachilensis sp. nov, holotype, USNM 98338: a) colony, 29 cm long, 20 cm wide; b,c) close up of ‘barrel-shaped’ clusters of polyps; d) abaxial polyp view; e) stereo opercular view. Photo by SJ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5259238/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Figs 28</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="FEA445F4FFC2FFACFF65AD98FEFE0964" box="[248,276,1770,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="74.[151,250,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[221,1366,177,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-84@74.[221,1366,167,1901]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 29. Thouarella parachilensis sp. nov, holotype, USNM 98338: a,f) inner and b–e) outer surface of opercular sclerites; g) outer and h) inner surface of marginal scales; i,k) outer and j) inner surface of submarginal scales; l,n,p,q) outer and m,o) inner surface of body-wall scales; r) coenenchymal scales—top row right, middle row right, bottom row left show the outer surface, remainder inner surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5259240/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">29</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="66205971FFC2FFACFF0AAC41FDCB09BC" blockId="71.[151,1436,1842,2010]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFC2FFACFF0AAC41FE86092D" box="[151,364,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Material examined</emphasis>
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:
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<materialsCitation id="D6F7532CFFC2FFACFEE0AC41FC550908" collectingDate="1975-06-07" collectorName="V Islas" country="South Georgia Island" elevation="225" location="South Georgia Island" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFC2FFACFEE0AC41FE00092D" bold="true" box="[381,490,1843,1867]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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||
<typeStatus id="B924E7D3FFC2FFACFEE0AC41FE00092D" box="[381,490,1843,1867]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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, USNM 98338, R/
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<collectorName id="CB6A3CA7FFC2FFACFD5EAC40FCFF092D" box="[707,789,1842,1867]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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||
V
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<emphasis id="54EB8563FFC2FFACFD7DAC41FCFF092D" box="[736,789,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Islas</emphasis>
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||
</collectorName>
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Orcadas, cruise 575, sta. 90,
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<collectingCountry id="1E8819E1FFC2FFACFBF1AC40FAB5092C" box="[1132,1375,1842,1866]" name="South Georgia Island" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">South Georgia Island</collectingCountry>
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, sub- Antarctic, 54˚50’36”S, 37˚23’48”W,
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||
<quantity id="A167F494FFC2FFACFDA6AC24FD540908" box="[571,702,1878,1902]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.27" metricValueMin="2.23" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="225.0" valueMax="227.0" valueMin="223.0">
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||
<elevation id="EDB2BE42FFC2FFACFDA6AC24FD540908" box="[571,702,1878,1902]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.27" metricValueMin="2.23" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="225.0" valueMax="227.0" valueMin="223.0">223–227 m</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
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||
,
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||
<date id="12217FB1FFC2FFACFD56AC25FCA10908" box="[715,843,1878,1902]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1975-06-07">
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||
<collectingDate id="02658659FFC2FFACFD56AC25FCA10908" box="[715,843,1878,1902]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1975-06-07">7 Jun 1975</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
, 1 colony
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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<materialsCitation id="D6F7532CFFC2FFACFC51AC25FE5009D0" collectingDate="1986-12-06" collectionCode="SEM" collectorName="V Professor Siedlecki" country="South Georgia Island" elevation="95" location="South Georgia Island" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFC2FFACFC51AC25FBD30909" bold="true" box="[972,1081,1879,1903]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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||
<typeStatus id="B924E7D3FFC2FFACFC51AC25FBD30909" box="[972,1081,1879,1903]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
: USNM 98190 (
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||
<collectionCode id="008EC1B4FFC2FFACFB65AC24FAD90908" box="[1272,1331,1878,1902]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">SEM</collectionCode>
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||
images), R/
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||
<collectorName id="CB6A3CA7FFC2FFACFF2FAC08FE4209F5" box="[178,424,1914,1939]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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||
V
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||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFC2FFACFF53AC09FE4209F5" box="[206,424,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Professor Siedlecki</emphasis>
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||
</collectorName>
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, cruise 86–01, sta. 121, 53˚57’S, 38˚10’W,
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<collectingCountry id="1E8819E1FFC2FFACFC02AC08FB7809F4" box="[927,1170,1914,1938]" name="South Georgia Island" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">South Georgia Island</collectingCountry>
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||
, sub-Antarctic,
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<quantity id="A167F494FFC2FFACFAD5AC08FF4509D0" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="95.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="90.0">
|
||
<elevation id="EDB2BE42FFC2FFACFAD5AC08FF4509D0" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="95.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="90.0">90–100 m</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
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,
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<date id="12217FB1FFC2FFACFF20ACECFEAE09D0" box="[189,324,1950,1974]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1986-12-06">
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||
<collectingDate id="02658659FFC2FFACFF20ACECFEAE09D0" box="[189,324,1950,1974]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1986-12-06">6 Dec 1986</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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, 1 colony
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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<materialsCitation id="D6F7532CFFC2FFACFE5BACEDFDF609BC" collectingDate="2009-01-18" collectionCode="ZSL" country="South Georgia Island" elevation="125" location="South Georgia Island" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" specimenCode="SG09" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFC2FFACFE5BACEDFDD909D1" bold="true" box="[454,563,1951,1975]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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||
<typeStatus id="B924E7D3FFC2FFACFE5BACEDFDD909D1" box="[454,563,1951,1975]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
,
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||
<collectionCode id="008EC1B4FFC2FFACFDD9ACECFD9F09D0" box="[580,629,1950,1974]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">ZSL</collectionCode>
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||
<specimenCode id="3639F10AFFC2FFACFDE3ACECFD2B09D0" box="[638,705,1950,1974]" collectionCode="ZSL" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">SG09</specimenCode>
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||
, Ev. 35, 53˚44.07’S, 37˚14.58’W, NW of
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<collectingCountry id="1E8819E1FFC2FFACFB3EACECFA7D09D0" box="[1187,1431,1950,1974]" name="South Georgia Island" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">South Georgia Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, sub-Antarctic,
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||
<quantity id="A167F494FFC2FFACFEA0ACB0FE6C09BC" box="[317,390,1986,2010]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="125.0">
|
||
<elevation id="EDB2BE42FFC2FFACFEA0ACB0FE6C09BC" box="[317,390,1986,2010]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="125.0">125 m</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
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||
,
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||
<date id="12217FB1FFC2FFACFE0FACB0FDF609BC" box="[402,540,1986,2010]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2009-01-18">
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||
<collectingDate id="02658659FFC2FFACFE0FACB0FDF609BC" box="[402,540,1986,2010]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2009-01-18">18 Jan 2009</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2E850AFAFFCDFFA0FF5AABE5FD5C0B4F" lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFCDFFA3FF5AABE5FE2E0CE2" blockId="72.[151,1436,151,644]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCDFFA3FF5AABE5FE630ED6" bold="true" box="[199,393,151,176]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Other material:</emphasis>
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||
USNM 84341, R/V
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||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCDFFA3FDE6ABEAFCB00ED6" box="[635,858,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Professor Siedlecki</emphasis>
|
||
, cruise 86–01, sta. 122, 53˚55’S, 38˚03’W,
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||
<collectingCountry id="1E8819E1FFCDFFA3FAC5ABE5FEAE0EB2" name="South Georgia Island" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">South Georgia Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, sub-Antarctic,
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFCDFFA3FE61ABCEFD6A0EB5" box="[508,640,188,212]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2449999999999999" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.19" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="124.5" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="119.0">119–130 m</quantity>
|
||
,
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||
<date id="12217FB1FFCDFFA3FD16ABCEFCCB0EB2" box="[651,801,188,212]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1986-12-16">16 Dec 1986</date>
|
||
; USNM 97951, R/V
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCDFFA3FB89ABCEFB5E0EB2" box="[1044,1204,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
Islas
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||
<collectingCountry id="1E8819E1FFCDFFA3FBCFABCEFB5E0EB2" box="[1106,1204,188,212]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Orcadas</collectingCountry>
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||
</emphasis>
|
||
, cruise 575, sta. 12, 53˚38’12”S, 37˚54’42”W,
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<collectingCountry id="1E8819E1FFCDFFA3FE56ABADFD2F0E91" box="[459,709,223,247]" name="South Georgia Island" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">South Georgia Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, sub-Antarctic,
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFCDFFA3FCE3ABADFBE90E91" box="[894,1027,223,247]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.335" metricValueMax="1.3699999999999999" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="133.5" valueMax="137.0" valueMin="130.0">130–137 m</quantity>
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||
,
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||
<date id="12217FB1FFCDFFA3FB8DABADFB440E91" box="[1040,1198,223,248]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1975-05-13">13 May 1975</date>
|
||
; USNM 98087, R/V
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<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCDFFA3FF0AAA76FE9C0F7A" box="[151,374,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Professor Siedlecki</emphasis>
|
||
, cruise 86–01, sta. 19, 54˚02’S, 39˚06’W,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1E8819E1FFCDFFA3FCFFAA76FBB00F7A" box="[866,1114,260,284]" name="South Georgia Island" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">South Georgia Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, sub-Antarctic,
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFCDFFA3FA8FAA76FA7D0F7D" box="[1298,1431,260,284]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.18" metricValueMax="2.2399999999999998" metricValueMin="2.12" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="218.0" valueMax="224.0" valueMin="212.0">212–224 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="12217FB1FFCDFFA3FF0AAA55FEDA0F59" box="[151,304,295,319]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1986-12-02">2 Dec 1986</date>
|
||
; USNM 98387, R/V
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFCDFFA3FDD8AA5BFD950F26" authorityName="Alder & Hancock" authorityYear="1855" box="[581,639,297,320]" class="Gastropoda" family="Heroidae" genus="Hero" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCDFFA3FDD8AA5BFD950F26" box="[581,639,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Hero</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, cruise 721, sta. 1144, Bismarck Strait, Anvers Island, Palmer Archipelago, Antarctic Peninsula, 64˚52’09”S, 63˚50’09”W,
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFCDFFA3FCF1AA3EFC1F0F05" box="[876,1013,332,356]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="4.4" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="460.0" valueMax="480.0" valueMin="440.0">440–480 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="12217FB1FFCDFFA3FB98AA3EFB4E0F02" box="[1029,1188,332,356]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1972-03-14">14 Mar 1972</date>
|
||
; USNM 98361, R/V
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFCDFFA3FF0AAA03FF3B0FEE" authorityName="Alder & Hancock" authorityYear="1855" box="[151,209,369,392]" class="Gastropoda" family="Heroidae" genus="Hero" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCDFFA3FF0AAA03FF3B0FEE" box="[151,209,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Hero</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, cruise 731, sta. 1884, Quintana Island, Wilhelm Archipelago, Antarctic Peninsula, 65˚06’12”S, 64˚59’51”W,
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFCDFFA3FEAAAAE6FE550FCD" box="[311,447,404,428]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="140.0" valueMax="180.0" valueMin="100.0">100–180 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="12217FB1FFCDFFA3FE53AAE6FDB70FCA" box="[462,605,404,428]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1973-03-03">3 Mar 1973</date>
|
||
; USNM 98104, R/V
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCDFFA3FCC1AAE6FBD50FCA" box="[860,1087,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Professor Siedlecki</emphasis>
|
||
, cruise 86–01, sta. 9 and 10, Shag Rocks,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1E8819E1FFCDFFA3FEADAAC5FDC00FA9" box="[304,554,439,463]" name="South Georgia Island" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">South Georgia Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, sub-Antarctic, 53˚3’S, 41˚57’W,
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFCDFFA3FC2AAAC5FBD70FA9" box="[951,1085,439,463]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.49" metricValueMax="1.65" metricValueMin="1.33" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="149.0" valueMax="165.0" valueMin="133.0">133–165 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="12217FB1FFCDFFA3FBD7AAC5FB0F0FA9" box="[1098,1253,439,463]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1986-11-30">30 Nov 1986</date>
|
||
; USNM 98173, R/V
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCDFFA3FF53AAAEFEC90F92" box="[206,291,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Eltanin</emphasis>
|
||
, cruise 22, sta. 1536, west tip
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1E8819E1FFCDFFA3FD1EAAAEFC900F92" box="[643,890,476,500]" name="South Georgia Island" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">South Georgia Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, sub-Antarctic, 54˚30’S, 39˚20’W,
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFCDFFA3FA8FAAAEFA7D0F95" box="[1298,1431,476,500]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.725" metricValueMax="6.859999999999999" metricValueMin="6.59" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="672.5" valueMax="686.0" valueMin="659.0">659–686 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="12217FB1FFCDFFA3FF0AAA8DFEF50C71" box="[151,287,511,535]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1966-02-08">8 Feb 1966</date>
|
||
; USNM 98085, R/V
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCDFFA3FD87A972FD9C0C7E" box="[538,630,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Eltanin,</emphasis>
|
||
cruise 12, sta. 993, west of Aspland Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Ocean, 61˚25’01”S, 56˚31’01”W,
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFCDFFA3FD07A956FD0C0C5D" box="[666,742,548,572]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="12217FB1FFCDFFA3FD6EA956FC430C5A" box="[755,937,548,572]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1963-03-13">13 March 1963</date>
|
||
; USNM 98159, R/V
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFCDFFA3FB3CA957FB310C5A" authorityName="Alder & Hancock" authorityYear="1855" box="[1185,1243,549,572]" class="Gastropoda" family="Heroidae" genus="Hero" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCDFFA3FB3CA957FB310C5A" box="[1185,1243,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Hero</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, cruise 731, sta. 1944, Neumayer Channel, Anvers Island, Palmer Archipelago, Antarctic Peninsula, 64˚46’40”S, 63˚25’33”W,
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFCDFFA3FF0AA91EFEF60CE5" box="[151,284,620,644]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="125.0" valueMax="150.0" valueMin="100.0">100–150 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="12217FB1FFCDFFA3FEB5A91EFE2A0CE2" box="[296,448,620,644]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1973-03-11">11 Mar 1973</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFCDFFA3FF0AA9C6FEE50CAA" blockId="72.[151,1085,692,752]" box="[151,271,692,716]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCDFFA3FF0AA9C6FEE50CAA" box="[151,271,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFCDFFA3FF0AA9A5FBD70C89" blockId="72.[151,1085,692,752]" box="[151,1085,727,752]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
The name refers to
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCDFFA3FEEDA9AAFDB10C96" box="[368,603,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFCDFFA3FEEDA9AAFDB20C96" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityYear="1919" box="[368,600,728,752]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="chilensis">Thouarella chilensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
for which this species was often mistaken.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFCDFFA3FF0AA852FEF10D51" blockId="72.[151,1437,800,1862]" box="[151,283,800,823]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCDFFA3FF0AA852FEF10D51" box="[151,283,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFCDFFA3FF0AA836FED50A69" blockId="72.[151,1437,800,1862]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
The colonies are flabellate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FEA445F4FFCDFFA3FE51A836FDC00D3A" box="[460,554,836,860]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="73.[151,250,1977,2000]" captionTargetBox="[208,1379,177,1972]" captionTargetId="figure-53@73.[208,1379,157,1974]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 28. Thouarella parachilensis sp. nov, holotype, USNM 98338: a) colony, 29 cm long, 20 cm wide; b,c) close up of ‘barrel-shaped’ clusters of polyps; d) abaxial polyp view; e) stereo opercular view. Photo by SJ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5259238/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 28a</figureCitation>
|
||
), sparsely branched, and usually brown-red in coloration. The largest specimen (the
|
||
<typeStatus id="B924E7D3FFCDFFA3FF56A815FEC50D19" box="[203,303,871,895]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) is
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFCDFFA3FEC7A815FE520D19" box="[346,440,871,895]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="290.0">290 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFCDFFA3FDB1A815FD630D19" box="[556,649,871,895]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="200.0">200 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide. The branches are feather-shaped with shorter branchlets at the apex and towards the base. The branchlets are sturdy, departing perpendicular to the branch on all sides, in a bottlebrush arrangement. There are 3–5 branchlets per cm, they are usually a maximum of
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFCDFFA3FB2FA8DDFAE80DA1" box="[1202,1282,943,967]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, shorter towards colony base, mostly simple with some secondary branching, and ramification usually occurs close to the branchlet base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFCDFFA3FF5AAF6EFCFC0B6C" blockId="72.[151,1437,800,1862]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
The polyps of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="B924E7D3FFCDFFA3FE0AAF6EFE130A52" box="[407,505,1052,1076]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
are clavate and bulbous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FEA445F4FFCDFFA3FC81AF6EFC780A52" box="[796,914,1052,1076]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="73.[151,250,1977,2000]" captionTargetBox="[208,1379,177,1972]" captionTargetId="figure-53@73.[208,1379,157,1974]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 28. Thouarella parachilensis sp. nov, holotype, USNM 98338: a) colony, 29 cm long, 20 cm wide; b,c) close up of ‘barrel-shaped’ clusters of polyps; d) abaxial polyp view; e) stereo opercular view. Photo by SJ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5259238/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 28b,c</figureCitation>
|
||
), sometimes with a flat adaxial surface (being compressed against neighbouring inner polyps;
|
||
<figureCitation id="FEA445F4FFCDFFA3FD26AF4DFCF70A31" box="[699,797,1087,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="73.[151,250,1977,2000]" captionTargetBox="[208,1379,177,1972]" captionTargetId="figure-53@73.[208,1379,157,1974]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 28. Thouarella parachilensis sp. nov, holotype, USNM 98338: a) colony, 29 cm long, 20 cm wide; b,c) close up of ‘barrel-shaped’ clusters of polyps; d) abaxial polyp view; e) stereo opercular view. Photo by SJ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5259238/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 28e</figureCitation>
|
||
). The polyps are
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFCDFFA3FC75AF4DFB9B0A31" box="[1000,1137,1087,1111]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="2.65" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="2.5">2.5–2.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, placed at an almost right-angle to the branchlets at the branchlet base but upwardly inclined towards the branchlet tip (up to 45˚). They are spaced at 9–30 per cm at branchlet base and in a dense cluster at branchlet tip, where they form an almost solid cylinder of polyps (‘barrel-shaped’,
|
||
<figureCitation id="FEA445F4FFCDFFA3FDABAFD9FD7E0AA5" box="[566,660,1195,1219]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="73.[151,250,1977,2000]" captionTargetBox="[208,1379,177,1972]" captionTargetId="figure-53@73.[208,1379,157,1974]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 28. Thouarella parachilensis sp. nov, holotype, USNM 98338: a) colony, 29 cm long, 20 cm wide; b,c) close up of ‘barrel-shaped’ clusters of polyps; d) abaxial polyp view; e) stereo opercular view. Photo by SJ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5259238/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 28c</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 18–48 per cm. Each polyp has 8 longitudinal rows of scales, 8–15 scales in the abaxial rows (average 11,
|
||
<figureCitation id="FEA445F4FFCDFFA3FD50AFBCFCDC0A80" box="[717,822,1230,1254]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="73.[151,250,1977,2000]" captionTargetBox="[208,1379,177,1972]" captionTargetId="figure-53@73.[208,1379,157,1974]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 28. Thouarella parachilensis sp. nov, holotype, USNM 98338: a) colony, 29 cm long, 20 cm wide; b,c) close up of ‘barrel-shaped’ clusters of polyps; d) abaxial polyp view; e) stereo opercular view. Photo by SJ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5259238/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 28d</figureCitation>
|
||
), and a reduced number adaxially. The scales are progressively wider and shorter from polyp head to base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFCDFFA3FF5AAE64FDD10B86" blockId="72.[151,1437,800,1862]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
The operculum is flat. The operculars are arrowhead or lanceolate in shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FEA445F4FFCDFFA3FBB5AE64FB750B48" box="[1064,1183,1302,1326]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="74.[151,250,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[221,1366,177,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-84@74.[221,1366,167,1901]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 29. Thouarella parachilensis sp. nov, holotype, USNM 98338: a,f) inner and b–e) outer surface of opercular sclerites; g) outer and h) inner surface of marginal scales; i,k) outer and j) inner surface of submarginal scales; l,n,p,q) outer and m,o) inner surface of body-wall scales; r) coenenchymal scales—top row right, middle row right, bottom row left show the outer surface, remainder inner surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5259240/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 29a–f</figureCitation>
|
||
) but can be wider and pentagonal, up to 420–510 µm high (average 460 µm), 230–410 µm wide (average 340 µm), with an average H:W of 1.4 (1.2–1.8). The inner opercular surface has a large, multi-keel (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FEA445F4FFCDFFA3FC05AE2FFBEC0B13" box="[920,1030,1373,1397]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="74.[151,250,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[221,1366,177,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-84@74.[221,1366,167,1901]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 29. Thouarella parachilensis sp. nov, holotype, USNM 98338: a,f) inner and b–e) outer surface of opercular sclerites; g) outer and h) inner surface of marginal scales; i,k) outer and j) inner surface of submarginal scales; l,n,p,q) outer and m,o) inner surface of body-wall scales; r) coenenchymal scales—top row right, middle row right, bottom row left show the outer surface, remainder inner surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5259240/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 29a,f</figureCitation>
|
||
) and many adjacent ridges resulting in a serrate distal edge whilst the proximal half is tuberculate. The outer scale surface has a deep longitudinal indentation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FEA445F4FFCDFFA3FEB8AED7FE480BDB" box="[293,418,1445,1469]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="74.[151,250,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[221,1366,177,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-84@74.[221,1366,167,1901]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 29. Thouarella parachilensis sp. nov, holotype, USNM 98338: a,f) inner and b–e) outer surface of opercular sclerites; g) outer and h) inner surface of marginal scales; i,k) outer and j) inner surface of submarginal scales; l,n,p,q) outer and m,o) inner surface of body-wall scales; r) coenenchymal scales—top row right, middle row right, bottom row left show the outer surface, remainder inner surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5259240/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 29b–e</figureCitation>
|
||
), large granules extend into ridges that run perpendicular to the distal edge, and there can be tubercles along the proximal edge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFCDFFA3FF5AAE9EFA7108F5" blockId="72.[151,1437,800,1862]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
The marginals are wider than the operculars, 340–510 µm (average 440 µm), 380–470 µm high (average 430 µm), with an average H:W of 1 (range from 0.7–1.2). The marginals are elliptical in shape with a pointed distal edge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FEA445F4FFCDFFA3FF02AD46FEFF082A" box="[159,277,1588,1612]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="74.[151,250,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[221,1366,177,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-84@74.[221,1366,167,1901]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 29. Thouarella parachilensis sp. nov, holotype, USNM 98338: a,f) inner and b–e) outer surface of opercular sclerites; g) outer and h) inner surface of marginal scales; i,k) outer and j) inner surface of submarginal scales; l,n,p,q) outer and m,o) inner surface of body-wall scales; r) coenenchymal scales—top row right, middle row right, bottom row left show the outer surface, remainder inner surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5259240/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFCDFFA3FF4EAD46FEEA082A" box="[211,256,1588,1612]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.9" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="g" value="29.0">29g</quantity>
|
||
,h
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). The inner surface has a small, simple keel with smaller adjacent keels leading to a serrated distal edge. The proximal two-thirds is tuberculate and distal third smooth lateral to the keel and ridges. The outer surface has a longitudinal groove with sparse, large granules occurring towards the proximal edge, where tubercles are also visible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFCDFFA3FF5AADEDFB540920" blockId="72.[151,1437,800,1862]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
The submarginals are clearly visible from an anterior polyp view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FEA445F4FFCDFFA3FC27ADEDFBF008D1" box="[954,1050,1695,1719]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="73.[151,250,1977,2000]" captionTargetBox="[208,1379,177,1972]" captionTargetId="figure-53@73.[208,1379,157,1974]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 28. Thouarella parachilensis sp. nov, holotype, USNM 98338: a) colony, 29 cm long, 20 cm wide; b,c) close up of ‘barrel-shaped’ clusters of polyps; d) abaxial polyp view; e) stereo opercular view. Photo by SJ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5259238/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 28e</figureCitation>
|
||
) as the distal edges curve slightly away from the polyp body. They are elliptical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FEA445F4FFCDFFA3FD28ADB1FCDA08BD" box="[693,816,1731,1755]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="74.[151,250,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[221,1366,177,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-84@74.[221,1366,167,1901]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 29. Thouarella parachilensis sp. nov, holotype, USNM 98338: a,f) inner and b–e) outer surface of opercular sclerites; g) outer and h) inner surface of marginal scales; i,k) outer and j) inner surface of submarginal scales; l,n,p,q) outer and m,o) inner surface of body-wall scales; r) coenenchymal scales—top row right, middle row right, bottom row left show the outer surface, remainder inner surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5259240/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 29i–k</figureCitation>
|
||
), wider than the marginals, 540–890 µm (average 700 µm), and about the same height, 350–550 µm (average 430 µm), with an average H:W of 0.6 (range from 0.4–0.9). The ridges are infrequent on the inner surface perpendicular to distal edge, the edge being serrate whilst the remainder of the inner surface is tuberculate. The outer surface has sparse granules proximally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="32E009F9FFCCFFA2FF0AACCBFB8A0988" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259238" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5259238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5259238/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" startId="73.[151,250,1977,2000]" targetBox="[208,1379,177,1972]" targetPageId="73">
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFCCFFA2FF0AACCBFB8A0988" blockId="73.[151,1436,1977,2030]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCCFFA2FF0AACCBFECB09B6" bold="true" box="[151,289,1977,2000]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">FIGURE 28.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFCCFFA2FEBAACCBFDCD09A9" authority="TAYLOR & CAIRNS & AGNEW & ROGERS, 2013" authorityName="TAYLOR & CAIRNS & AGNEW & ROGERS" authorityYear="2013" box="[295,551,1977,1999]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parachilensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCCFFA2FEBAACCBFDCD09A9" box="[295,551,1977,1999]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Thouarella parachilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4FD83818FFCCFFA2FDB3ACC8FD9309A9" box="[558,633,1978,1999]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype, USNM 98338: a) colony, 29 cm long, 20 cm wide; b,c) close up of ‘barrel-shaped’ clusters of polyps; d) abaxial polyp view; e) stereo opercular view. Photo by SJ.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="32E009F9FFCFFFA1FF0AAC0DFE0E0994" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259240" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5259240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5259240/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" startId="74.[151,250,1919,1942]" targetBox="[221,1366,177,1901]" targetPageId="74">
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFCFFFA1FF0AAC0DFE0E0994" blockId="74.[151,1436,1919,2034]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCFFFA1FF0AAC0DFEF509F0" bold="true" box="[151,287,1919,1942]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">FIGURE 29.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFCFFFA1FEB9ACF2FDC809F0" authority="TAYLOR & CAIRNS & AGNEW & ROGERS, 2013" authorityName="TAYLOR & CAIRNS & AGNEW & ROGERS" authorityYear="2013" box="[292,546,1920,1942]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parachilensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCFFFA1FEB9ACF2FDC809F0" box="[292,546,1920,1942]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Thouarella parachilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4FD83818FFCFFFA1FDB5ACF2FD9B09F3" box="[552,625,1920,1941]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype, USNM 98338: a,f) inner and b–e) outer surface of opercular sclerites; g) outer and h) inner surface of marginal scales; i,k) outer and j) inner surface of submarginal scales; l,n,p,q) outer and m,o) inner surface of body-wall scales; r) coenenchymal scales—top row right, middle row right, bottom row left show the outer surface, remainder inner surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFCEFFA0FF5AABE5FE050F04" blockId="75.[151,1436,151,426]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
The body-wall scales are elliptical, very broad (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FEA445F4FFCEFFA0FD75ABE5FC880EC9" box="[744,866,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="74.[151,250,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[221,1366,177,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-84@74.[221,1366,167,1901]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 29. Thouarella parachilensis sp. nov, holotype, USNM 98338: a,f) inner and b–e) outer surface of opercular sclerites; g) outer and h) inner surface of marginal scales; i,k) outer and j) inner surface of submarginal scales; l,n,p,q) outer and m,o) inner surface of body-wall scales; r) coenenchymal scales—top row right, middle row right, bottom row left show the outer surface, remainder inner surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5259240/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 29l–q</figureCitation>
|
||
), curved around the polyp circumference, average height 380 µm (270–520 µm), width 790 µm (620–1000 µm), with an average H:W of 0.5 (range from 0.4–0.6). The inner surface is tuberculate with a narrow smooth band along the distal edge. The outer surface has large, sparse, peaked granules concentrated in the centre of the scale and sporadic tubercles proximally with the remainder being smooth whilst the distal edge has large serrations. All of the above sclerites of this species have a coarsely lobate proximal edge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFCEFFA0FF5AAA1CFB4A0FCC" blockId="75.[151,1436,151,426]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
The coenenchymal scales are circular to elliptical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FEA445F4FFCEFFA0FD62AA1CFCB60FE0" box="[767,860,366,390]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="74.[151,250,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[221,1366,177,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-84@74.[221,1366,167,1901]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 29. Thouarella parachilensis sp. nov, holotype, USNM 98338: a,f) inner and b–e) outer surface of opercular sclerites; g) outer and h) inner surface of marginal scales; i,k) outer and j) inner surface of submarginal scales; l,n,p,q) outer and m,o) inner surface of body-wall scales; r) coenenchymal scales—top row right, middle row right, bottom row left show the outer surface, remainder inner surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5259240/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 29r</figureCitation>
|
||
), 240–320 µm diameter, with similar dimensions to the small body-wall scales, but flatter, with less curvature, and a strongly jagged distal edge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFCEFFA0FF0AAAABFECA0F97" blockId="75.[151,1436,473,569]" box="[151,288,473,497]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCEFFA0FF0AAAABFECA0F97" box="[151,288,473,497]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFCEFFA0FF0AAA8FFD690C5F" blockId="75.[151,1436,473,569]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFCEFFA0FF0AAA8FFE590C73" authorityName="TAYLOR & CAIRNS & AGNEW & ROGERS" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,435,509,533]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parachilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCEFFA0FF0AAA8FFE590C73" box="[151,435,509,533]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Thouarella parachilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="D6F7532CFFCEFFA0FE21AA8FFD690C5F" country="South Georgia Island" elevation="285" location="Antarctic Peninsula" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" specimenCount="1">
|
||
has been found
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFCEFFA0FDE9AA8FFD300C73" box="[628,730,509,533]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="km" value="1000.0">1000 km</quantity>
|
||
west of, and around, the waters of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1E8819E1FFCEFFA0FBE5AA8FFA800C73" box="[1144,1386,509,533]" name="South Georgia Island" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">South Georgia Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
and south to the
|
||
<location id="63400FAAFFCEFFA0FEBDA953FDEA0C5F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EE36E867FFC2FFA0FF0AADB5FD5C0B4F:63400FAAFFCEFFA0FEBDA953FDEA0C5F" box="[288,512,545,569]" country="South Georgia Island" name="Antarctic Peninsula" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Antarctic Peninsula</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFCEFFA0FD96A953FD940C5F" box="[523,638,545,569]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="285.0" valueMax="480.0" valueMin="90.0">
|
||
<elevation id="EDB2BE42FFCEFFA0FD96A953FD940C5F" box="[523,638,545,569]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="285.0" valueMax="480.0" valueMin="90.0">90–480 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFCEFFA0FF0AA91AFF130CE6" blockId="75.[151,1436,616,747]" box="[151,249,616,640]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCEFFA0FF0AA91AFF130CE6" box="[151,249,616,640]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFCEFFA0FF0AA9FEFD6D0C8D" blockId="75.[151,1436,616,747]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
The specimens of this species have long been incorrectly identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFCEFFA0FC2CA9FEFB7C0CC2" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityYear="1919" box="[945,1174,652,676]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="chilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCEFFA0FC2CA9FEFB7C0CC2" box="[945,1174,652,676]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Thouarella chilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because of the densely clustered polyps at the branchlet tip that were mistaken for the densely arranged polyps found on that species, as described by Kükenthal (1908; 1915; 1924).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFCEFFA0FF0AA869FEC60D55" blockId="75.[151,1436,795,1212]" box="[151,300,795,819]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCEFFA0FF0AA869FEC60D55" box="[151,300,795,819]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Comparisons</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFCEFFA0FF0AA84DFE9D0DA7" blockId="75.[151,1436,795,1212]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
It is the cylindrical arrangement of the clustered, bulbous polyps at the branchlet tip that make
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFCEFFA0FB7AA832FA760D31" authorityName="TAYLOR & CAIRNS & AGNEW & ROGERS" authorityYear="2013" box="[1255,1436,831,855]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parachilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCEFFA0FB7AA832FA760D31" box="[1255,1436,831,855]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">T. parachilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
noticeably different from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFCEFFA0FD97A811FD090D1C" box="[522,739,866,891]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCEFFA0FD97A811FD6F0D1D" box="[522,645,867,891]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Thouarella</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFCEFFA0FCE8A811FC1D0D1D" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityYear="1919" box="[885,1015,867,891]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="chilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCEFFA0FCE8A811FC1D0D1D" box="[885,1015,867,891]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">T. chilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFCEFFA0FB97A811FAC20D1D" authorityName="TAYLOR & CAIRNS & AGNEW & ROGERS" authorityYear="2013" box="[1034,1320,867,891]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parachilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCEFFA0FB97A811FAC20D1D" box="[1034,1320,867,891]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Thouarella parachilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has 8–15 abaxial body-wall scales per row (average of 11), a comparable number to
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCEFFA0FC6CA8F5FA710DF8" box="[1009,1435,902,926]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFCEFFA0FC6CA8F5FB900DF8" baseAuthorityName="Kukenthal" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[1009,1146,902,926]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="koellikeri">T. koellikeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFCEFFA0FB1AA8F5FAE30DF8" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityYear="1919" box="[1159,1289,902,926]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="chilensis">T. chilensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFCEFFA0FA8BA8F5FA710DF8" box="[1302,1435,902,926]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crenelata">T. crenelata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFCEFFA0FF5BA8D9FE9A0DA4" authorityName="Wright and Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[198,368,938,962]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brevispinosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCEFFA0FF5BA8D9FE9A0DA4" box="[198,368,938,962]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">T. brevispinosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFCEFFA0FF5AA8BCFAC70A37" blockId="75.[151,1436,795,1212]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
The polyps of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFCEFFA0FEF4A8BDFE040D80" baseAuthorityName="Kukenthal" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[361,494,974,998]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="koellikeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCEFFA0FEF4A8BDFE040D80" box="[361,494,974,998]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">T. koellikeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have 7–10 scales in the abaxial rows and a tall operculum of large operculars with a simple keel. This is distinct from
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCEFFA0FDB6A880FD020A6F" box="[555,744,1009,1033]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFCEFFA0FDB6A880FD0F0A6F" authorityName="TAYLOR & CAIRNS & AGNEW & ROGERS" authorityYear="2013" box="[555,741,1009,1033]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parachilensis">T. parachilensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
which has a flat operculum with much smaller operculars bearing a complex keel.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFCEFFA0FE31AF67FD570A4B" authorityName="Wright and Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[428,701,1045,1069]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brevispinosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCEFFA0FE31AF67FD570A4B" box="[428,701,1045,1069]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Thouarella brevispinosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has 6–8 scales in the abaxial rows, which are distally flared, and colonies have more evenly spaced polyps than the clavate, clustered polyps of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFCEFFA0FB95AF48FB500A37" authorityName="TAYLOR & CAIRNS & AGNEW & ROGERS" authorityYear="2013" box="[1032,1210,1081,1105]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parachilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCEFFA0FB95AF48FB500A37" box="[1032,1210,1081,1105]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">T. parachilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="2B1D6CCAFFCEFFA0FB55AF4BFAF50A37" box="[1224,1311,1081,1105]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="18.[147,206,477,493]" captionText="TABLE 3. Tabular key for the species of Thouarella." pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFCEFFA0FF5AAF2EFAD80ADA" blockId="75.[151,1436,795,1212]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
The polyps of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFCEFFA0FEF2AF2FFDC90A13" authorityName="TAYLOR & CAIRNS & AGNEW & ROGERS" authorityYear="2013" box="[367,547,1117,1141]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parachilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCEFFA0FEF2AF2FFDC90A13" box="[367,547,1117,1141]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">T. parachilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are bulbous and more rounded, usually with a higher number of scales in the abaxial rows than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFCEFFA0FE54AFF3FDA70AFE" box="[457,589,1152,1176]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crenelata">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCEFFA0FE54AFF3FDA70AFE" box="[457,589,1152,1176]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">T. crenelata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFCEFFA0FDE8AFF3FD1E0AFE" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityYear="1919" box="[629,756,1152,1176]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="chilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCEFFA0FDE8AFF3FD1E0AFE" box="[629,756,1152,1176]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">T. chilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The polyps of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFCEFFA0FC35AFF3FBC70AFE" box="[936,1069,1152,1176]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crenelata">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCEFFA0FC35AFF3FBC70AFE" box="[936,1069,1152,1176]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">T. crenelata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a more open operculum in anterior view than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFCEFFA0FE57AFD7FD960ADA" authorityName="TAYLOR & CAIRNS & AGNEW & ROGERS" authorityYear="2013" box="[458,636,1188,1212]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parachilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCEFFA0FE57AFD7FD960ADA" box="[458,636,1188,1212]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">T. parachilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and polyps of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFCEFFA0FCBEAFD7FC4A0ADA" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityYear="1919" box="[803,928,1188,1212]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="chilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCEFFA0FCBEAFD7FC4A0ADA" box="[803,928,1188,1212]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">T. chilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are more stout and stocky in shape.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFCEFFA0FF0AAE7DFD5C0B4F" blockId="75.[151,694,1295,1321]" box="[151,694,1295,1321]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFCEFFA0FF0AAE7DFD5C0B4F" bold="true" box="[151,694,1295,1321]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Species Group 2—polyps in pairs or whorls</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |