422 lines
58 KiB
XML
422 lines
58 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="B3D38AE71D39BACA5F584CEC22526C11"><strong> A revision of the genus <em> Thouarella </ em> Gray, 1870 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae), including an illustrated dichotomous key, a new species description, and comments on <em> Plumarella </ em> Gray, 1870 and <em> Dasystenella </ em>, Versluys, 1906 </ strong></mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2D1B732AACA7209E2F93EB4A7E2E7DC9">CAIRNS, S. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:number id="8DFD392143E794DED7B5C47C6665731B">3602</mods:number>
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<paragraph id="66205971FFAEFFC0FF0AAD3CFD8E080E" blockId="43.[151,612,1614,1673]" box="[151,612,1614,1640]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<emphasis id="54EB8563FFAEFFC0FF0AAD3CFD8E080E" bold="true" box="[151,612,1614,1640]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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7.
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<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFAEFFC0FF29AD3CFD8E080E" ID-CoL="56L5K" authority="Kukenthal, 1907" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityYear="1907" box="[180,612,1614,1640]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striata">
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<emphasis id="54EB8563FFAEFFC0FF29AD3CFE65080E" bold="true" box="[180,399,1614,1640]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Thouarella striata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFAEFFC0FE0BAD3CFD8E080E" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[406,612,1614,1640]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="202 - 212" refId="ref63292" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1907) Gorgoniden der Deutschen Tiefsee - Expedition. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 31, 202 - 212." type="journal article" year="1907">Kükenthal, 1907</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="66205971FFAEFFC0FF0AAD03FEFE08EF" blockId="43.[151,612,1614,1673]" box="[151,276,1649,1673]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<figureCitation id="FEA445F4FFAEFFC0FF0AAD03FF0608EF" box="[151,236,1649,1673]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1971,1994]" captionTargetBox="[216,1371,193,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-53@45.[216,1371,193,1950]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 16. Thouarella striata, SMF 1966, sta. 285: a) 14 cm long colony. Holotype, MNHWU: b) 2.5 cm long fragment; c) lateral polyp view; d) abaxial polyp view; e) stereo opercular view. Photo b) by ZGR." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259179" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5259179/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Figs 16</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="FEA445F4FFAEFFC0FF65AD03FEFE08EF" box="[248,276,1649,1673]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[220,1368,177,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-83@46.[220,1368,157,1921]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 17. Thouarella striata, holotype, MNHWU: a) outer and b,c) inner surface of operculars; d,f) outer and e) inner surface of marginal scales; g,h) inner surface of submarginal scales; i) abaxial body-wall scale with sculpted distal edge, j,l) inner surface of circular body-wall scales, k) inner and m) outer surface of body-wall scales; n–p) outer and q) inner surface of coenenchymal scales." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259181" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5259181/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">17</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitation id="E73E7F60FFAEFFC0FF0AADCBFD8608A9" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[151,620,1721,1743]" page="205" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="1907">
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<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFAEFFC0FF0AADCBFD8608A9" ID-CoL="56L5K" authority="Kukenthal, 1907: 204 - 205" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityPageNumber="204 - 205" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,620,1721,1743]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striata">
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<emphasis id="54EB8563FFAEFFC0FF0AADCBFEBA08A9" box="[151,336,1721,1743]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Thouarella striata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFAEFFC0FEC5ADCBFD8608A9" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[344,620,1721,1743]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="202 - 212" refId="ref63292" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1907) Gorgoniden der Deutschen Tiefsee - Expedition. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 31, 202 - 212." type="journal article" year="1907">Kükenthal, 1907: 204–205</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="E73E7F60FFAEFFC0FDEAADCBFD3408A9" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[631,734,1721,1743]" page="150" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="1915">
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<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFAEFFC0FDEAADCBFD3408A9" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[631,734,1721,1743]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="142 - 158" refId="ref63379" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1915) System und Stammesgeschichte der Primnoidae. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 46 (5), 142 - 158." type="journal article" year="1915">1915: 150</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(key); 1919: 426–428, text figs 197–201;
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<treatmentCitation id="E73E7F60FFAEFFC0FB0EADCBFAB608A9" author="Broch, H." box="[1171,1372,1721,1743]" page="31" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="1965">
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<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFAEFFC0FB0EADCBFAB608A9" author="Broch, H." box="[1171,1372,1721,1743]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="19 - 38" refId="ref62035" refString="Broch, H. (1965) Some octocorals from Antarctica waters. Scientific results of the " Brategg " expedition, 1947 - 48. Christensens Hvalfangstmuseum I Sandeford Publikasjon, 26, 19 - 38." type="journal article" year="1965">Broch 1965: 31–32</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, pl. 7, figs 20–21 (sample not seen)
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="66205971FFAEFFC0FF0AAD85FC72096A" blockId="43.[151,1436,1721,1897]" box="[151,920,1783,1805]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="468F7E5FFFAEFFC0FF0AAD85FC72096A" box="[151,920,1783,1805]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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Not
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<treatmentCitation id="E73E7F60FFAEFFC0FF5EAD85FDDC096B" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[195,566,1783,1805]" page="69" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="1912">
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||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFAEFFC0FF5EAD85FDDC096B" ID-CoL="56L5K" authority="Nutting, 1912: 69" authorityName="Nutting" authorityPageNumber="69" authorityYear="1912" box="[195,566,1783,1805]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striata">
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<emphasis id="54EB8563FFAEFFC0FF5EAD85FE91096B" box="[195,379,1783,1805]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Thouarella striata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFAEFFC0FE1CAD85FDDC096B" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[385,566,1783,1805]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 104" refId="ref63865" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1912) Descriptions of the Alcyonaria collected by the U. S. Fisheries steamer " Albatross ", mainly in Japanese waters, during 1906. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution, 43, 1 - 104. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.43 - 1923.1" type="journal article" year="1912">Nutting, 1912: 69</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
, pl. 10 figs 2, 2a (sample not seen)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="66205971FFAEFFC0FF0AAC67FCBF094D" blockId="43.[151,1436,1721,1897]" box="[151,853,1813,1835]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="468F7E5FFFAEFFC0FF0AAC67FCBF094D" box="[151,853,1813,1835]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<treatmentCitation id="E73E7F60FFAEFFC0FF0AAC67FDFC094D" author="Molander, A. R." box="[151,534,1813,1835]" page="75" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="1929">
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<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFAEFFC0FF0AAC67FDFC094D" authority="Molander 1929: 75" authorityName="Molander" authorityPageNumber="75" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,534,1813,1835]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stricta">
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<emphasis id="54EB8563FFAEFFC0FF0AAC67FEA4094D" box="[151,334,1813,1835]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Thouarella stricta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFAEFFC0FEC9AC67FDFC094D" author="Molander, A. R." box="[340,534,1813,1835]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 86" refId="ref63767" refString="Molander, A. R. (1929) Die Octactiniarien. Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901 - 1903, 2 (2), 1 - 86." type="journal article" year="1929">Molander 1929: 75</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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(incorrect subsequent spelling)
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="66205971FFAEFFC0FF0AAC46FCC4092C" blockId="43.[151,1436,1721,1897]" box="[151,814,1844,1866]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="468F7E5FFFAEFFC0FF0AAC46FCC4092C" box="[151,814,1844,1866]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<treatmentCitation id="E73E7F60FFAEFFC0FF0AAC46FCC4092C" author="Thomson, J. A. & Rennet, N. I." box="[151,814,1844,1866]" page="27" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="1931">
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||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFAEFFC0FF0AAC46FCC4092C" ID-CoL="56L5K" authority="Thomson & Rennet 1931: 27" authorityName="Thomson & Rennet" authorityPageNumber="27" authorityYear="1931" box="[151,814,1844,1866]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striata" subGenus="Parathouarella">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFAEFFC0FF0AAC46FDEB092C" box="[151,513,1844,1866]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Thouarella (Parathouarella) striata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFAEFFC0FD9AAC46FCC4092C" author="Thomson, J. A. & Rennet, N. I." box="[519,814,1844,1866]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref64853" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Rennet, N. I. (1931) Alcyonaria, Madreporaria, and Antipatharia. Scientific Reports, Australasian Antarctic Expedition 1911 - 1914, (C- Zoology and Botany), 9 (3), 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1931">Thomson & Rennet 1931: 27</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="66205971FFAEFFC0FF0AAC21FCC2090E" blockId="43.[151,1436,1721,1897]" box="[151,808,1874,1897]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="468F7E5FFFAEFFC0FF0AAC21FCC2090E" box="[151,808,1874,1897]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<treatmentCitation id="E73E7F60FFAEFFC0FF0AAC21FD30090E" author="Cairns, S. D. & Bayer, F. M." box="[151,730,1874,1897]" page="27" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="2009">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFAEFFC0FF0AAC21FD30090E" ID-CoL="56L5K" authority="Cairns & Bayer 2009: 27" authorityName="Cairns & Bayer" authorityPageNumber="27" authorityYear="2009" box="[151,730,1874,1897]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striata" subGenus="Thouarella">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFAEFFC0FF0AAC21FE3C090E" box="[151,470,1875,1897]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Thouarella (Thouarella) striata</emphasis>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFAEFFC0FE41AC20FD30090E" author="Cairns, S. D. & Bayer, F. M." box="[476,730,1874,1896]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref62273" refString="Cairns, S. D. & Bayer, F. M. (2009) A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 629, 1 - 79. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.629" type="journal article" year="2009">Cairns & Bayer 2009: 27</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(listed)
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="66205971FFAEFFC0FF0AACE7FB6D09CB" blockId="43.[151,1436,1941,2037]" box="[151,1159,1941,1966]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFAEFFC0FF0AACE7FE8109CB" box="[151,363,1941,1965]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="D6F7532CFFAEFFC0FEE7ACE4FB6D09CB" box="[378,1159,1941,1966]" collectionCode="MNHWU" country="Bouvet Island" elevation="457" latitude="-54.433334" location="Bouvet Island" longLatPrecision="1070" longitude="3.4" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="457" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFAEFFC0FEE7ACE4FE0D09C8" bold="true" box="[378,487,1942,1966]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<typeStatus id="B924E7D3FFAEFFC0FEE7ACE4FE0D09C8" box="[378,487,1942,1966]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="008EC1B4FFAEFFC0FE68ACE4FD8209CB" box="[501,616,1942,1965]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">MNHWU</collectionCode>
|
||
, Nr. 57,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1E8819E1FFAEFFC0FD5AACE4FC8F09CB" box="[711,869,1941,1965]" name="Bouvet Island" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Bouvet Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="03AB3FB6FFAEFFC0FCECACE7FC2509CB" box="[881,975,1941,1965]" degrees="54" direction="south" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" precision="925" value="-54.433334">54°26’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="03AB3FB6FFAEFFC0FC46ACE7FBC609CB" box="[987,1068,1941,1965]" degrees="3" direction="east" minutes="24" orientation="longitude" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" precision="925" value="3.4">3°24’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="709992F8FFAEFFC0FBA4ACE7FB6D09CB" box="[1081,1159,1941,1965]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFAEFFC0FBA4ACE7FB6809CB" box="[1081,1154,1941,1965]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.57" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="457.0">
|
||
<elevation id="EDB2BE42FFAEFFC0FBA4ACE7FB6809CB" box="[1081,1154,1941,1965]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.57" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="457.0">457 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFAEFFC0FF5AACCBFA7E0993" blockId="43.[151,1436,1941,2037]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFAEFFC0FF5AACCBFE6909B4" bold="true" box="[199,387,1977,2002]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Other material:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="008EC1B4FFAEFFC0FE17ACC8FE2209B7" box="[394,456,1978,2001]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="Museum">ZMH</collectionCode>
|
||
, R/V
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFAEFFC0FD97ACC8FD6A09B7" box="[522,640,1978,2001]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">W. Herwig</emphasis>
|
||
, sta. 285, Patagonian Shelf, SW Atlantic, 42˚19’S, 58˚01’W,
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFAEFFC0FAB1ACCBFA9F09B7" box="[1324,1397,1977,2001]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.25" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="825.0">825 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="12217FB1FFAEFFC0FA1DACCBFF150993" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1966-06-21">21 Jun 1966</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFAEFFC0FE96ACAFFEBD0993" box="[267,343,2013,2037]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
fragment;
|
||
<collectionCode id="008EC1B4FFAEFFC0FE4FACACFDFA0993" box="[466,528,2014,2037]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="Museum">ZMH</collectionCode>
|
||
, R/V
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFAEFFC0FDC9ACACFD200993" box="[596,714,2014,2037]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">W. Herwig</emphasis>
|
||
, sta. 244, SW Atlantic, 36˚51’S, 54˚01’W,
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFAEFFC0FB32ACAFFB120993" box="[1199,1272,2013,2037]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="12217FB1FFAEFFC0FA99ACAFFA7A0993" box="[1284,1424,2013,2037]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1966-06-14">14 Jun 1966</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFA9FFC7FF0AABEAFEF10EC9" blockId="44.[151,1436,152,1436]" box="[151,283,152,175]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFA9FFC7FF0AABEAFEF10EC9" box="[151,283,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFA9FFC7FF0AABCEFF310F02" blockId="44.[151,1436,152,1436]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
As only a
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFA9FFC7FE88ABCEFE8F0EB5" box="[277,357,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
fragment of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="B924E7D3FFA9FFC7FDADABCEFD780EB2" box="[560,658,188,212]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was examined, the general morphology is taken from the original description (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFA9FFC7FEB9ABADFE360E91" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[292,476,223,247]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="202 - 212" refId="ref63292" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1907) Gorgoniden der Deutschen Tiefsee - Expedition. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 31, 202 - 212." type="journal article" year="1907">Kükenthal 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the new specimens listed above. The colonies are branched once or twice and flabellate, with branchlets in a bottlebrush arrangement. The branchlets are mostly simple (rare secondary branching),
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFA9FFC7FEBCAA55FE980F59" box="[289,370,295,319]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, emerging from the main stem at almost 90˚; some branchlets are arranged in one plane.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFA9FFC7FF5AAA1DFCD30F95" blockId="44.[151,1436,152,1436]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
The polyps are isolated, weakly inclined towards the branchlets at 45–80˚ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FEA445F4FFA9FFC7FB97AA1DFB820FE1" box="[1034,1128,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1971,1994]" captionTargetBox="[216,1371,193,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-53@45.[216,1371,193,1950]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 16. Thouarella striata, SMF 1966, sta. 285: a) 14 cm long colony. Holotype, MNHWU: b) 2.5 cm long fragment; c) lateral polyp view; d) abaxial polyp view; e) stereo opercular view. Photo b) by ZGR." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259179" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5259179/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 16b</figureCitation>
|
||
) and closely spaced, 14–20 per cm (more densely arranged at branchlet base). They are variable in shape, some clavate, some modestly flared distally (the
|
||
<typeStatus id="B924E7D3FFA9FFC7FEBBAAC5FE620FA9" box="[294,392,439,463]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
has distally flared polyps,
|
||
<figureCitation id="FEA445F4FFA9FFC7FD23AAC5FCD90FA9" box="[702,819,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1971,1994]" captionTargetBox="[216,1371,193,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-53@45.[216,1371,193,1950]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 16. Thouarella striata, SMF 1966, sta. 285: a) 14 cm long colony. Holotype, MNHWU: b) 2.5 cm long fragment; c) lateral polyp view; d) abaxial polyp view; e) stereo opercular view. Photo b) by ZGR." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259179" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5259179/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 16c,d</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFA9FFC7FCD7AAC5FC3B0FA9" box="[842,977,439,463]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="1.85" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
high (average
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFA9FFC7FBE2AAC5FB020FA9" box="[1151,1256,439,463]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="1.85">1.85 mm</quantity>
|
||
). There are 4–6 scales in abaxial rows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FEA445F4FFA9FFC7FE06AAAEFE100F92" box="[411,506,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1971,1994]" captionTargetBox="[216,1371,193,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-53@45.[216,1371,193,1950]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 16. Thouarella striata, SMF 1966, sta. 285: a) 14 cm long colony. Holotype, MNHWU: b) 2.5 cm long fragment; c) lateral polyp view; d) abaxial polyp view; e) stereo opercular view. Photo b) by ZGR." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259179" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5259179/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 16d</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFA9FFC7FDA4AAAEFD6A0F92" box="[569,640,476,500]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.89" metricValueMax="10.16" metricValueMin="7.62" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="in" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 in</quantity>
|
||
the adaxial row.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFA9FFC7FF5AAA8DFBB70CC1" blockId="44.[151,1436,152,1436]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
The operculars are triangle to lanceolate-shaped and acutely pointed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FEA445F4FFA9FFC7FC4BAA8DFBB30C71" box="[982,1113,511,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[220,1368,177,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-83@46.[220,1368,157,1921]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 17. Thouarella striata, holotype, MNHWU: a) outer and b,c) inner surface of operculars; d,f) outer and e) inner surface of marginal scales; g,h) inner surface of submarginal scales; i) abaxial body-wall scale with sculpted distal edge, j,l) inner surface of circular body-wall scales, k) inner and m) outer surface of body-wall scales; n–p) outer and q) inner surface of coenenchymal scales." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259181" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5259181/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 17 a–c</figureCitation>
|
||
), 520–780 µm high (average 660 µm), 230–350 µm wide (average 295 µm), with an average H:W of 2.3. The inner opercular surface is keeled with the keel often having multiple longitudinal striations (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FEA445F4FFA9FFC7FCB1A935FC750C39" box="[812,927,583,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[220,1368,177,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-83@46.[220,1368,157,1921]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 17. Thouarella striata, holotype, MNHWU: a) outer and b,c) inner surface of operculars; d,f) outer and e) inner surface of marginal scales; g,h) inner surface of submarginal scales; i) abaxial body-wall scale with sculpted distal edge, j,l) inner surface of circular body-wall scales, k) inner and m) outer surface of body-wall scales; n–p) outer and q) inner surface of coenenchymal scales." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259181" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5259181/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 17b,c</figureCitation>
|
||
) that spread radially from proximal keel area towards lateral edges of the scale. The proximal third of the inner surface is tuberculate. The outer surface is concave longitudinally with low striations radiating from a proximal centre (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FEA445F4FFA9FFC7FC6DA9FDFBBA0CC1" box="[1008,1104,655,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[220,1368,177,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-83@46.[220,1368,157,1921]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 17. Thouarella striata, holotype, MNHWU: a) outer and b,c) inner surface of operculars; d,f) outer and e) inner surface of marginal scales; g,h) inner surface of submarginal scales; i) abaxial body-wall scale with sculpted distal edge, j,l) inner surface of circular body-wall scales, k) inner and m) outer surface of body-wall scales; n–p) outer and q) inner surface of coenenchymal scales." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259181" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5259181/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 17a</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFA9FFC7FF5AA9C6FE7A0DC2" blockId="44.[151,1436,152,1436]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
The marginals are arranged in 2 alternate circles of 4, one inner and one outer (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FEA445F4FFA9FFC7FBDBA9C6FB4C0CAA" box="[1094,1190,692,716]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1971,1994]" captionTargetBox="[216,1371,193,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-53@45.[216,1371,193,1950]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 16. Thouarella striata, SMF 1966, sta. 285: a) 14 cm long colony. Holotype, MNHWU: b) 2.5 cm long fragment; c) lateral polyp view; d) abaxial polyp view; e) stereo opercular view. Photo b) by ZGR." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259179" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5259179/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 16e</figureCitation>
|
||
), (although this is not consistent), and they are wider than the operculars, 530–680 µm (average 600 µm), and slightly shorter, 520–680 µm (average of 600 µm), with an average H:W of 1. They have a triangular distal area and are more squared proximally than the operculars (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FEA445F4FFA9FFC7FD83A86DFD740D51" box="[542,670,799,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[220,1368,177,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-83@46.[220,1368,157,1921]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 17. Thouarella striata, holotype, MNHWU: a) outer and b,c) inner surface of operculars; d,f) outer and e) inner surface of marginal scales; g,h) inner surface of submarginal scales; i) abaxial body-wall scale with sculpted distal edge, j,l) inner surface of circular body-wall scales, k) inner and m) outer surface of body-wall scales; n–p) outer and q) inner surface of coenenchymal scales." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259181" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5259181/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 17d–f</figureCitation>
|
||
) and they have a strong, multi-channelled keel with striations perpendicular to the distal edge. The proximal half of the inner surface is heavily tuberculate whilst the outer surface is densely covered with granules, with some scales having shallow radial striations towards the distal edge of the scale (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FEA445F4FFA9FFC7FEB8A8FEFE690DC2" box="[293,387,908,932]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[220,1368,177,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-83@46.[220,1368,157,1921]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 17. Thouarella striata, holotype, MNHWU: a) outer and b,c) inner surface of operculars; d,f) outer and e) inner surface of marginal scales; g,h) inner surface of submarginal scales; i) abaxial body-wall scale with sculpted distal edge, j,l) inner surface of circular body-wall scales, k) inner and m) outer surface of body-wall scales; n–p) outer and q) inner surface of coenenchymal scales." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259181" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5259181/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 17f</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFA9FFC7FF5AA8DDFDA80A52" blockId="44.[151,1436,152,1436]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
The submarginals are shorter than the marginals, 530–540 µm high, 520–700 µm (average 610 µm) wide, with an average H:W of 0.88, and have a modest distal point (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FEA445F4FFA9FFC7FCB7A8A6FC490D8A" box="[810,931,980,1004]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[220,1368,177,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-83@46.[220,1368,157,1921]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 17. Thouarella striata, holotype, MNHWU: a) outer and b,c) inner surface of operculars; d,f) outer and e) inner surface of marginal scales; g,h) inner surface of submarginal scales; i) abaxial body-wall scale with sculpted distal edge, j,l) inner surface of circular body-wall scales, k) inner and m) outer surface of body-wall scales; n–p) outer and q) inner surface of coenenchymal scales." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259181" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5259181/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFA9FFC7FCFDA8A6FC670D8A" box="[864,909,980,1004]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.7" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="g" value="17.0">17g</quantity>
|
||
,h
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). The inner surface is tuberculate across the basal four-fifths of the scale, with a band of striations running perpendicular to the distal edge. The outer surface is covered with densely placed granules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFA9FFC7FF5AAF4DFC070B6A" blockId="44.[151,1436,152,1436]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
The body-wall scales are generally rounded (average H:W 1;
|
||
<figureCitation id="FEA445F4FFA9FFC7FC17AF4DFBFA0A31" box="[906,1040,1087,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[220,1368,177,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-83@46.[220,1368,157,1921]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 17. Thouarella striata, holotype, MNHWU: a) outer and b,c) inner surface of operculars; d,f) outer and e) inner surface of marginal scales; g,h) inner surface of submarginal scales; i) abaxial body-wall scale with sculpted distal edge, j,l) inner surface of circular body-wall scales, k) inner and m) outer surface of body-wall scales; n–p) outer and q) inner surface of coenenchymal scales." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259181" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5259181/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 17 j–m</figureCitation>
|
||
) with a pointed arch-shaped distal edge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FEA445F4FFA9FFC7FF43AF16FE8B0A1A" box="[222,353,1124,1148]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[220,1368,177,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-83@46.[220,1368,157,1921]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 17. Thouarella striata, holotype, MNHWU: a) outer and b,c) inner surface of operculars; d,f) outer and e) inner surface of marginal scales; g,h) inner surface of submarginal scales; i) abaxial body-wall scale with sculpted distal edge, j,l) inner surface of circular body-wall scales, k) inner and m) outer surface of body-wall scales; n–p) outer and q) inner surface of coenenchymal scales." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259181" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5259181/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 17k,m</figureCitation>
|
||
). Some abaxial body-wall scales have a sculpted distal edge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FEA445F4FFA9FFC7FBA8AF16FB7E0A1A" box="[1077,1172,1124,1148]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[220,1368,177,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-83@46.[220,1368,157,1921]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 17. Thouarella striata, holotype, MNHWU: a) outer and b,c) inner surface of operculars; d,f) outer and e) inner surface of marginal scales; g,h) inner surface of submarginal scales; i) abaxial body-wall scale with sculpted distal edge, j,l) inner surface of circular body-wall scales, k) inner and m) outer surface of body-wall scales; n–p) outer and q) inner surface of coenenchymal scales." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259181" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5259181/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 17i</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body-wall scales are 270–580 µm high (average 428 µm), 240–650 µm wide (average 448 µm), progressively reducing in size from the polyp head to base. The body-wall scales have a heavily tuberculate inner surface, with a smooth band bearing a few ridges perpendicular to the distal edge and the outer surface is covered in granules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FEA445F4FFA9FFC7FB08AFBDFB100A81" box="[1173,1274,1231,1255]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[220,1368,177,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-83@46.[220,1368,157,1921]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 17. Thouarella striata, holotype, MNHWU: a) outer and b,c) inner surface of operculars; d,f) outer and e) inner surface of marginal scales; g,h) inner surface of submarginal scales; i) abaxial body-wall scale with sculpted distal edge, j,l) inner surface of circular body-wall scales, k) inner and m) outer surface of body-wall scales; n–p) outer and q) inner surface of coenenchymal scales." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259181" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5259181/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 17k</figureCitation>
|
||
). Some scales have deep radial striations running from the central proximal area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FEA445F4FFA9FFC7FC18AF86FC0A0B6A" box="[901,992,1268,1292]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[220,1368,177,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-83@46.[220,1368,157,1921]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 17. Thouarella striata, holotype, MNHWU: a) outer and b,c) inner surface of operculars; d,f) outer and e) inner surface of marginal scales; g,h) inner surface of submarginal scales; i) abaxial body-wall scale with sculpted distal edge, j,l) inner surface of circular body-wall scales, k) inner and m) outer surface of body-wall scales; n–p) outer and q) inner surface of coenenchymal scales." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259181" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5259181/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 17i</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFA9FFC7FF5AAE65FB660B49" blockId="44.[151,1436,152,1436]" box="[199,1164,1303,1327]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">All the sclerites have an irregular distal edge and the proximal edge is coarsely lobate.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFA9FFC7FF5AAE4EFEF10BFA" blockId="44.[151,1436,152,1436]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
The coenenchymal scales are elliptical to circular-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FEA445F4FFA9FFC7FCCCAE4EFC270B32" box="[849,973,1340,1364]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[220,1368,177,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-83@46.[220,1368,157,1921]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 17. Thouarella striata, holotype, MNHWU: a) outer and b,c) inner surface of operculars; d,f) outer and e) inner surface of marginal scales; g,h) inner surface of submarginal scales; i) abaxial body-wall scale with sculpted distal edge, j,l) inner surface of circular body-wall scales, k) inner and m) outer surface of body-wall scales; n–p) outer and q) inner surface of coenenchymal scales." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259181" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5259181/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 17n–q</figureCitation>
|
||
) with serrated edges and are 100–500 µm long. The outer surface is covered in granules or is heavily sculpted (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FEA445F4FFA9FFC7FC34AE2DFBE30B11" box="[937,1033,1375,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[220,1368,177,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-83@46.[220,1368,157,1921]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 17. Thouarella striata, holotype, MNHWU: a) outer and b,c) inner surface of operculars; d,f) outer and e) inner surface of marginal scales; g,h) inner surface of submarginal scales; i) abaxial body-wall scale with sculpted distal edge, j,l) inner surface of circular body-wall scales, k) inner and m) outer surface of body-wall scales; n–p) outer and q) inner surface of coenenchymal scales." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259181" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5259181/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 17q</figureCitation>
|
||
) whilst the inner surface is densely tuberculate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFA9FFC7FF0AAEBBFECA0B87" blockId="44.[151,1436,1481,1613]" box="[151,288,1481,1505]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFA9FFC7FF0AAEBBFECA0B87" box="[151,288,1481,1505]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFA9FFC7FF0AAE9FFF36082B" blockId="44.[151,1436,1481,1613]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
This species has been recorded from the South Atlantic, including
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1E8819E1FFA9FFC7FC19AE9CFBCB0863" box="[900,1057,1517,1541]" name="Bouvet Island" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Bouvet Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
to Burdwood Bank (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFA9FFC7FA90AE9FFA7E0863" author="Broch, H." box="[1293,1428,1517,1541]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="19 - 38" refId="ref62035" refString="Broch, H. (1965) Some octocorals from Antarctica waters. Scientific results of the " Brategg " expedition, 1947 - 48. Christensens Hvalfangstmuseum I Sandeford Publikasjon, 26, 19 - 38." type="journal article" year="1965">Broch 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the Patagonian Shelf at depths from
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFA9FFC7FDF4AD63FD06084F" box="[617,748,1553,1577]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.285" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.57" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="628.5" valueMax="800.0" valueMin="457.0">
|
||
457–
|
||
<specimenCount id="709992F8FFA9FFC7FD3CAD63FD06084F" box="[673,748,1553,1577]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="generic">800 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. Broch’s unconfirmed identification (1965) was from
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFA9FFC7FAC8AD63FA76084F" box="[1365,1436,1553,1577]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="110.0">110 m</quantity>
|
||
depth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFA9FFC7FF0AADF2FF1308FE" blockId="44.[151,1436,1664,1831]" box="[151,249,1664,1688]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFA9FFC7FF0AADF2FF1308FE" box="[151,249,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFA9FFC7FF0AADD6FEEA0962" blockId="44.[151,1436,1664,1831]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFA9FFC7FF0AADD6FE8808DA" authorityName="Cairns & Bayer" authorityYear="2009" box="[151,354,1700,1724]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striata">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFA9FFC7FF0AADD6FE8808DA" box="[151,354,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Thouarella striata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a variable polyp form. The surfaces of scales of the polyps from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="B924E7D3FFA9FFC7FB11ADD6FB1B08DA" box="[1164,1265,1700,1724]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, both inner and outer, are deeply striated. Other specimens have finer striations on the outer surface but similar deep striations on the inner.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFA9FFC7FF5AAC7DFC320941" blockId="44.[151,1436,1664,1831]" box="[199,984,1807,1831]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
The specimen from station 244 from
|
||
<collectionCode id="008EC1B4FFA9FFC7FDF5AC62FD4C0941" box="[616,678,1808,1831]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="Museum">ZMH</collectionCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<date id="12217FB1FFA9FFC7FD28AC7DFCC30941" box="[693,809,1807,1831]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1966-06">June 1966</date>
|
||
) was brooding.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFA9FFC7FF0AAC21FEC6090D" blockId="44.[151,1436,1875,1971]" box="[151,300,1875,1899]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFA9FFC7FF0AAC21FEC6090D" box="[151,300,1875,1899]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Comparisons</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFA9FFC7FF0AAC04FB3409D4" blockId="44.[151,1436,1875,1971]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
With the number of abaxial scales on the polyps ranging from 4–6,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFA9FFC7FC32AC05FBFD09E8" authorityName="Cairns & Bayer" authorityYear="2009" box="[943,1047,1911,1934]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striata">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFA9FFC7FC32AC05FBFD09E8" box="[943,1047,1911,1934]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">T. striata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is comparable to several species, namely
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFA9FFC7FF6DACE9FC7709D5" box="[240,925,1947,1971]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFA9FFC7FF6DACE9FE9009D5" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityYear="1912" box="[240,378,1947,1971]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="variabilis">T. variabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFA9FFC7FE18ACE9FE0009D5" authorityName="Broch" authorityYear="1965" box="[389,490,1947,1971]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brucei">T. brucei</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFA9FFC7FE6BACE9FD6E09D5" baseAuthorityName="Roule" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[502,644,1947,1971]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pendulina">T. pendulina</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFA9FFC7FD12ACE9FCE009D5" authorityName=", Thomson" authorityYear="1911" box="[655,778,1947,1971]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hicksoni">T. hicksoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFA9FFC7FC8BACE9FC7709D5" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2006" box="[790,925,1947,1971]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bipinnata">T. bipinnata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFA9FFC7FC49ACE9FBAA09D5" authorityName="Zapata-Guardiola and Lopez-Gonzalez" authorityYear="2010" box="[980,1088,1947,1971]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="andeep">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFA9FFC7FC49ACE9FBAA09D5" box="[980,1088,1947,1971]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">T. andeep</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<tableCitation id="2B1D6CCAFFA9FFC7FBE6ACE8FB3A09D4" box="[1147,1232,1946,1970]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="18.[147,206,477,493]" captionText="TABLE 3. Tabular key for the species of Thouarella." pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="32E009F9FFA8FFC6FF0AACC1FC10098E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259179" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5259179" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5259179/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" startId="45.[151,250,1971,1994]" targetBox="[216,1371,193,1950]" targetPageId="45">
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFA8FFC6FF0AACC1FC10098E" blockId="45.[151,1436,1971,2024]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFA8FFC6FF0AACC1FECA09AC" bold="true" box="[151,288,1971,1994]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFA8FFC6FEBBACC6FDB009AF" authority=", SMF 1966" authorityName=", SMF" authorityYear="1966" box="[294,602,1971,1994]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striata">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFA8FFC6FEBBACC6FE3409AF" box="[294,478,1972,1994]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Thouarella striata</emphasis>
|
||
, SMF 1966
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sta. 285: a) 14 cm long colony. Holotype, MNHWU: b) 2.5 cm long fragment; c) lateral polyp view; d) abaxial polyp view; e) stereo opercular view. Photo b) by ZGR.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="32E009F9FFABFFC5FF0AAC0CFE990996" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259181" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5259181" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5259181/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" startId="46.[151,250,1918,1941]" targetBox="[220,1368,177,1913]" targetPageId="46">
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFABFFC5FF0AAC0CFE990996" blockId="46.[151,1436,1918,2032]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFABFFC5FF0AAC0CFEC809F3" bold="true" box="[151,290,1918,1941]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFABFFC5FEB6AC0DFE0C09F2" authorityName=", SMF" authorityYear="1966" box="[299,486,1919,1941]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striata">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFABFFC5FEB6AC0DFE0C09F2" box="[299,486,1919,1941]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Thouarella striata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype, MNHWU: a) outer and b,c) inner surface of operculars; d,f) outer and e) inner surface of marginal scales; g,h) inner surface of submarginal scales; i) abaxial body-wall scale with sculpted distal edge, j,l) inner surface of circular body-wall scales, k) inner and m) outer surface of body-wall scales; n–p) outer and q) inner surface of coenenchymal scales.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFAAFFC4FF5AABEAFB820F04" blockId="47.[151,1436,151,569]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFAAFFC4FF5AABEAFE5D0ED6" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityYear="1912" box="[199,439,152,176]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="variabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFAAFFC4FF5AABEAFE5D0ED6" box="[199,439,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Thouarella variabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
generally has fewer scales in the abaxial row than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFAAFFC4FB97ABEBFB9B0EC9" authorityName=", SMF" authorityYear="1966" box="[1034,1137,152,176]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striata">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFAAFFC4FB97ABEBFB9B0EC9" box="[1034,1137,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">T. striata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and lacks wide triangular marginals and striations on the distal edge of the inner surface of marginal and opercular scales. This lack of striations is the primary difference between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFAAFFC4FD19AB92FD020E91" authorityName=", SMF" authorityYear="1966" box="[644,744,224,247]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striata">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFAAFFC4FD19AB92FD020E91" box="[644,744,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">T. striata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the other species listed above. In addition, the operculars of the polyps of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFAAFFC4FED2AA76FE560F7D" authorityName="Zapata-Guardiola and Lopez-Gonzalez" authorityYear="2010" box="[335,444,259,283]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="andeep">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFAAFFC4FED2AA76FE560F7D" box="[335,444,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">T. andeep</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a smooth inner surface and a rounded distal edge whereas operculars of the polyps of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFAAFFC4FF28AA5AFEF30F59" authorityName=", SMF" authorityYear="1966" box="[181,281,296,319]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striata">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFAAFFC4FF28AA5AFEF30F59" box="[181,281,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">T. striata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are triangular with a strong keel. The polyps of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFAAFFC4FCAFAA5AFC740F59" authorityName="Zapata-Guardiola and Lopez-Gonzalez" authorityYear="2010" box="[818,926,295,319]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="andeep">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFAAFFC4FCAFAA5AFC740F59" box="[818,926,295,319]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">T. andeep</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also have fewer scales in the abaxial row and have accessory operculars, which have so far not been found in specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFAAFFC4FC61AA39FB8A0F04" authorityName=", SMF" authorityYear="1966" box="[1020,1120,331,354]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striata">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFAAFFC4FC61AA39FB8A0F04" box="[1020,1120,331,354]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">T. striata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFAAFFC4FF5AAA1CFF340FA8" blockId="47.[151,1436,151,569]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
When compared to the polyps of
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFAAFFC4FDDCAA1DFD470FE0" box="[577,685,367,390]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFAAFFC4FDDCAA1DFD430FE0" authorityName=", SMF" authorityYear="1966" box="[577,681,367,390]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striata">T. striata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFAAFFC4FC8AAA1DFC490FE0" baseAuthorityName="Roule" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[791,931,366,390]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pendulina">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFAAFFC4FC8AAA1DFC490FE0" box="[791,931,366,390]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">T. pendulina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are smaller and more tightly placed, and the outer surface of the sclerites lack striations. In addition, the colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFAAFFC4FC2AAAE1FBA80FCC" baseAuthorityName="Roule" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[951,1090,402,426]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pendulina">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFAAFFC4FC2AAAE1FBA80FCC" box="[951,1090,402,426]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">T. pendulina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a true bottlebrush colony shape.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFAAFFC4FF5AAAABFB4E0F97" blockId="47.[151,1436,151,569]" box="[199,1188,473,497]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
The polyps of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFAAFFC4FEF4AAA8FE080F97" authorityName=", Thomson" authorityYear="1911" box="[361,482,473,497]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hicksoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFAAFFC4FEF4AAA8FE080F97" box="[361,482,473,497]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">T. hicksoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are smaller and more densely arranged than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFAAFFC4FBA4AAA8FB770F97" authorityName=", SMF" authorityYear="1966" box="[1081,1181,474,497]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striata">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFAAFFC4FBA4AAA8FB770F97" box="[1081,1181,474,497]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">T. striata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFAAFFC4FF5AAA8FFE0C0C5F" blockId="47.[151,1436,151,569]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
Colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFAAFFC4FECCAA8CFE3D0C73" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2006" box="[337,471,509,533]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bipinnata">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFAAFFC4FECCAA8CFE3D0C73" box="[337,471,509,533]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">T. bipinnata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are uniplanar whereas those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFAAFFC4FCA3AA8CFC4E0C73" authorityName=", SMF" authorityYear="1966" box="[830,932,510,533]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striata">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFAAFFC4FCA3AA8CFC4E0C73" box="[830,932,510,533]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">T. striata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a bushy, bottlebrush shape. The polyps of the former are also clavate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |