138 lines
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138 lines
11 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380" ID-PMC="PMC6033956" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-102-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" ID-PubMed="30002597" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1306325" ModsDocID="1314-2003-102-1" checkinTime="1530324112772" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="DeFilipps, Robert A. & Krupnick, Gary A." docDate="2018" docId="DF3A6BAD23A9ABCF5FA492F392B5F2AE" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 102: 1-341" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 102" docPubDate="2018-06-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380" docTitle="Cassia fistula L." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" lastPageNumber="81" masterDocId="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" masterDocTitle="The medicinal plants of Myanmar" masterLastPageNumber="341" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="80" updateTime="1668138950833" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The medicinal plants of Myanmar</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>DeFilipps, Robert A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Deceased</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Krupnick, Gary A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1357-4826</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC- 166, Washington, DC, 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">krupnick@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2018-06-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>102</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>341</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-102-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1306325</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="150768883" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF3A6BAD23A9ABCF5FA492F392B5F2AE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DF3A6BAD23A9ABCF5FA492F392B5F2AE" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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<subSubSection pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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<taxonomicName LSID="DF3A6BAD-23A9-ABCF-5FA4-92F392B5F2AE" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Cassia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cassia fistula" order="Fabales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fistula">Cassia fistula L.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="names">
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<paragraph pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Names.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Myanmar</emphasis>
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:
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">mai-lum</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">ngu</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">ngu-shwe</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">ngushwe-ama</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">ngu pin</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">gawhgu</emphasis>
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(Kachin),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">ka-zo</emphasis>
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(Kayin).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">English</emphasis>
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: golden shower tree, Indian laburnum, pudding pipe tree, purging cassia.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="range">
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<paragraph pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Range.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="79" pageNumber="80">India, Sri Lanka. Grows naturally all over Myanmar; prefers a hot and humid climate but also does well in hot and dry climates; can be found and cultivated up to 1220 m altitude; also grown as ornamental trees.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="uses">
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<paragraph pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Uses.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Whole plant</emphasis>
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: The five parts - roots, bark, fruit, flower, and leaf - are mixed with water to form a paste and applied to ringworm, scabies, and skin disorders stemming from impurities in the blood.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Leaf</emphasis>
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: Sweet yet bitter with a strong taste, act as a laxative. The tender leaves can be made into a soup and taken for constipation. Heated leaves are used as a poultice over swollen joints. Liquid from leaves stone-ground with vinegar is applied to treat leprosy and other skin diseases. Juice from crushed leaves is applied liberally as a remedy for herpes facialis.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fruit</emphasis>
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: Used as a laxative. Stimulates the tastebuds, alleviates leprosy, and controls phlegm. The pulp is taken either alone or mixed with an equal amount of tamarind (
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Tamarindus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tamarindus indica" order="Fabales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Tamarindus indica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) fruit pulp to promote regular bowel movements. Paste from pulp is applied around the navel of infants to alleviate colic and bloated stomach; for others, the pulp paste is rubbed onto the navel to treat urinary disorders, pain around the urethra and during urination, and blood in the urine. Liquid from boiling the pulp is used as eardrops to clear infections.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Root</emphasis>
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: Used as a purgative. Milk in which roots have been boiled is taken as a remedy for flatulence.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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Medicinal uses of this species in India are discussed in
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<bibRefCitation author="Jain, SK" journalOrPublisher="Phytotherapy Research" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" refId="B50" refString="Jain, SK, DeFilipps, RA, 1991. Medicinal Plants of India. 2 Vols. Reference Publications, Inc, Algonac." title="Medicinal Plants of India. 2 Vols. Reference Publications, Inc, Algonac." year="1991">Jain and DeFilipps (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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. Chemical constituents, pharmacological action, and medicinal use of this species in Indian Ayurveda are discussed in detail by
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<bibRefCitation author="Kapoor, LD" journalOrPublisher="Phytotherapy Research" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" refId="B51" refString="Kapoor, LD, 1990. CRC Handbook of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton." title="CRC Handbook of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton." year="1990">Kapoor (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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. Medicinal uses of this species in China are discussed by
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<bibRefCitation author="Duke, JA" journalOrPublisher="Lipid / Fett" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" refId="B34" refString="Duke, JA, Ayensu, ES, 1985. Medicinal Plants of China. 2 Vols. Reference Publications, Inc., Algonac." title="Medicinal Plants of China. 2 Vols. Reference Publications, Inc., Algonac." year="1985">Duke and Ayensu (1985)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="80" pageNumber="81" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
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chemistry, pharmacology, history, and medicinal uses of this species in Latin America are discussed in detail by
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<bibRefCitation author="Gupta, MP" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" refId="B42" refString="Gupta, MP, 1995. 270 Plantas Medicinales Iberoamericanas. Convenio Andres Bello (CYTED, SECAB, UNESCO), Bogota." title="270 Plantas Medicinales Iberoamericanas. Convenio Andres Bello (CYTED, SECAB, UNESCO), Bogota." year="1995">Gupta (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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. Details of the active chemical compounds, effects, herbal usage, and pharmacological literature of this plant are given in
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<bibRefCitation author="Fleming, T" journalOrPublisher="ARS Pharmaceutica" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" refId="B36" refString="Fleming, T, 2000. PDR for Herbal Medicines (2nd edn). Medical Economics Company, Montvale." title="PDR for Herbal Medicines (2 nd edn). Medical Economics Company, Montvale." year="2000">Fleming (2000)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Dilleniaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. fistula" order="Gunnerales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="fistula">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">C. fistula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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bark, leaves and seeds contain chrysarobin, an irritant and allergen (
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<bibRefCitation author="Lan, CG" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural Products" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="B63" refString="Lan, CG, Chang, S, Keat, GCK, Leng, HGK, Yee, HK, 1998. A Guide to Toxic Plants of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore." title="A Guide to Toxic Plants of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore." year="1998">Lan et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="references">
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<paragraph pageId="80" pageNumber="81">References.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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<bibRefCitation author="Nordal, A" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="B85" refString="Nordal, A, 1963. The Medicinal Plants and Crude Drugs of Burma. Hellstrom & Nordahls Boktrykkeri, Oslo." title="The Medicinal Plants and Crude Drugs of Burma. Hellstrom & Nordahls Boktrykkeri, Oslo." year="1963">Nordal (1963)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Agricultural Corporation" journalOrPublisher="Phytotherapy Research" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" refId="B3" refString="Agricultural Corporation, 1980. Burmese Medicinal Plants. Agricultural Corporation, Rangoon. [In Burmese]" title="Burmese Medicinal Plants. Agricultural Corporation, Rangoon. [In Burmese]" year="1980">Agricultural Corporation (1980)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Forest Department" journalOrPublisher="ARS Pharmaceutica" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" refId="B37" refString="Forest Department, 1999. Medicinal Plants of Popa Mountain Park. Ministry of Forestry, Yangon, Myanmar." title="Medicinal Plants of Popa Mountain Park. Ministry of Forestry, Yangon, Myanmar." year="1999">Forest Department (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |