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<document id="DC37EE5867524B74842625FA32EF1CC4" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2599" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12806098" ID-ZooBank="4EEAB64C-EB8D-4208-9EE2-76FA07201EED" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="karina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="karina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="karina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="karina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1721824832049" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Chen, Hsuan-Pu, Lee, Mao-Ying &amp; Chen, Wei-Jen" docDate="2024" docId="5021F049FF8D2471FDD3FE60FD4A1A06" docLanguage="en" docName="EJT.2024.943.239-287.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 943" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2599" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Lophiomus immaculioralis Chen, Lee &amp; Chen, 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="271" masterDocId="AC188831FF932451FF95FFF0FF8E1C73" masterDocTitle="Integrative taxonomy reveals unanticipated hidden diversity in the monotypic goosefish genus Lophiomus (Teleostei, Lophiidae), with description of three new species and resurrection of Chirolophius laticeps Ogilby, 1910" masterLastPageNumber="287" masterPageNumber="239" pageNumber="269" updateTime="1721938142367" updateUser="karina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="EBD41FD7D146EEEDBD35B641F7031D46">Integrative taxonomy reveals unanticipated hidden diversity in the monotypic goosefish genus Lophiomus (Teleostei, Lophiidae), with description of three new species and resurrection of Chirolophius laticeps Ogilby, 1910</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="5C8950040FCEDC6D575B8F8833A4BBC2" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="A4A437688A11AE33C21076CC1993A858">Chen, Hsuan-Pu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DB7CA6F25C49ABFBBAEBCEFEE23441E7">Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6651DBC5DC0D336CD54D1B8405CF6D96" type="email">pooh890510@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E22ADC40A84B73214E8CA9D0EC1B511C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="203BE8656188DEE061181950FA3C95E8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="16E0249370CB4BF631A3339B30804C31">Lee, Mao-Ying</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="26E43DBADAAB8D85D6FDD49432B9049C">Marine Fisheries Division, Fisheries Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 199 Hou-Ih Road, Keelung 202008, Taiwan.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F26E463C9BD1B98E8D6621C28E1FFD28" type="email">coleopetera@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="9E02BED299D5A14130D7BF4F2C3C8243">Chen, Wei-Jen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="40637AFCE8713AFFB37B2F87D493E322">Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="38C3355659D111F0E4CB1C1C1F7B9244" type="email">wjchen.actinops@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="4B98582C3CD149FCF73DE333ED4CA80E">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F5C109AAA0AEC0979007284410C781F6">
<mods:date id="18F428AD2F7A1E4011AB3DDA4B4A0CE0">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="792C803FE072EBA98BCF1DC5A0901056">2024-07-15</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="635F5EA80F713084EFD4467BF2D973C2">943</mods:number>
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<treatment id="5021F049FF8D2471FDD3FE60FD4A1A06" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5021F049FF8D2471FDD3FE60FD4A1A06" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5021F049FF8D2471FDD3FE60FD4A1A06" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="271" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">
<subSubSection id="909212D4FF8D244FFDD3FE60FB341DBC" pageId="30" pageNumber="269" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D837415FFF8D244FFDD3FE60FC601DD8" blockId="30.[377,1210,400,498]" box="[582,1006,400,427]" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">
<heading id="837FF633FF8D244FFDD3FE60FC601DD8" box="[582,1006,400,427]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="269" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8D244FFDD3FE60FC601DD8" authorityName="Chen &amp; Lee &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2024" box="[582,1006,400,427]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="269" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="immaculioralis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8D244FFDD3FE60FC031DD8" bold="true" box="[582,909,400,427]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">Lophiomus immaculioralis</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F1CF2036FF8D244FFC01FE61FC601DD8" box="[916,1006,401,427]" pageId="30" pageNumber="269" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="AC2E7B8AFF8D244FFD0DFE44FB341DBC" box="[664,1210,436,463]" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">F6FE6067-613F-41C5-8C0E-7750F473F7EE</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="909212D4FF8D244FFDF2FE27FC421D82" box="[615,972,471,498]" pageId="30" pageNumber="269" type="description">
<paragraph id="D837415FFF8D244FFDF2FE27FC421D82" blockId="30.[377,1210,400,498]" box="[615,972,471,498]" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">
<figureCitation id="40B35DDAFF8D244FFDF2FE27FD4E1D82" box="[615,704,471,497]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[199,1388,278,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-11@31.[189,1398,268,1874]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 12. Lophiomus immaculioralis sp. nov., holotype (NTUM16313, sample ID: WJC7777). A. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. B. Ditto, ventral view. C. Ditto, fresh specimen. D. Ditto, floor of mouth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12806123" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12806123/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">Figs 12</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="40B35DDAFF8D244FFD59FE27FC8E1D81" box="[716,768,471,498]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[334,1254,265,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-17@40.[334,1254,265,1777]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 15. X-ray radiographs in dorsal view and zoom-in images of left pectoral-fin of Lophiomus spp. collected in this study for visualizing interspecific variations in pectoral-fin ray counts. A. Lm. setigerus (Vahl, 1797), neotype (NTUM10408, sample ID: WJC0905). B. Lm. laticeps (Ogilby, 1910) stat. rev. (NTUM13463, sample ID: NC1375). C. Lm. immaculioralis sp. nov., holotype (NTUM16313, sample ID: WJC7777). D. Lm. nigriventris sp. nov., holotype (NTUM15096, sample ID: WJC5808). E. Lm. carusoi sp. nov., holotype (MNHN 2024-0099, sample ID: NC2059)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12806129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12806129/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">15C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="40B35DDAFF8D244FFC99FE27FCCC1D82" box="[780,834,471,497]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="41.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,618,1772]" captionTargetId="figure-121@41.[189,1398,573,1780]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Fig. 16. Esca of Lophiomus spp. A. Lm. laticeps (Ogilby, 1910) stat. rev. (NTUM13463, sample ID: NC1375). B. Ditto (NTUM13468, sample ID: NC964). C. Lm. nigriventris sp. nov., holotype (NTUM15096, sample ID: WJC5808). D. Lm. immaculioralis sp. nov., holotype (NTUM16313, sample ID: WJC7777). E. Lm. carusoi sp. nov., holotype (MNHN 2024-0099, sample ID: NC2059). F. Ditto, paratype (NTUM17682, sample ID: NC1978).G. Lm. setigerus (Vahl, 1797) (NTUM14414, sample ID: WJC7223). H. Ditto (NTUM14414, sample ID: WJC7224). Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12806131" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12806131/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">16D</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="950A74E4FF8D244FFCD8FE27FC421D82" box="[845,972,471,497]" captionStart-0="Table 3" captionStart-1="Table 4" captionStart-2="Table 5" captionStart-3="Table 6" captionStartId-0="12.[186,256,660,688]" captionStartId-1="13.[185,255,622,650]" captionStartId-2="14.[187,257,727,755]" captionStartId-3="15.[186,256,703,731]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionTargetPageId-2="14" captionTargetPageId-3="15" captionText-0="Table 3. Standard length and the measurements expressed in percent (%) of standard length of species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883 described in this study. Values are expressed as ranges; values in parentheses are means ±standard deviations. Definitions and measurement abbreviations follow Caruso (1981). Abbreviations: HT = Holotype; N/A = unavailable; NT = neotype; ST = syntypes." captionText-1="Table 4. Measurements expressed in percent (%) of head lengths of species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883 described in this study. Values are expressed as ranges; values in parentheses are means±standard deviations. Definitions and measurement abbreviations follow Caruso (1981). Abbreviations: HT = Holotype; N/A = unavailable; NT = neotype; ST = syntypes." captionText-2="Table 5. Meristic counts of species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883 described in this study. Values are counted from both sides and expressed as ranges; values expressed in parentheses indicate counts from the right side. Abbreviations: HT = Holotype; N/A = unavailable; NT = neotype; ST = syntypes." captionText-3="Table 6. Frequency distribution of left (upper row) and right (lower row) pectoral-fin rays and vertebrae meristic counts of species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883 described in this study. The star mark indicates the count of the name-bearing type. Abbreviations: Mean = arithmetic mean of meristic counts; N = number of examined specimens." pageId="30" pageNumber="269">Tables 3–6</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="909212D4FF8D244FFF28FDE8FB7418E5" pageId="30" pageNumber="269" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="D837415FFF8D244FFF28FDE8FEB81E41" blockId="30.[189,310,536,562]" box="[189,310,536,562]" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">
<heading id="837FF633FF8D244FFF28FDE8FEB81E41" bold="true" box="[189,310,536,562]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="269" reason="3">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8D244FFF28FDE8FEB81E41" bold="true" box="[189,310,536,562]" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF8D244FFF28FDB7FC0D1EDB" blockId="30.[189,1399,583,680]" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">This new species can be separated from other congeners by the combination of dorsal-fin spines 5, pelvic-fin rays 7, pectoral-fin rays 21–22, OPSOP 22.2% of HL, brown body coloration, and the absence of conspicuous dark marking on the light floor of the mouth.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF8D244FFF28FD3FFE471E9A" blockId="30.[189,457,719,745]" box="[189,457,719,745]" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">
<heading id="837FF633FF8D244FFF28FD3FFE471E9A" bold="true" box="[189,457,719,745]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="269" reason="3">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8D244FFF28FD3FFE471E9A" bold="true" box="[189,457,719,745]" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">Differential diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF8D244FFF28FD0EFACA1FF1" blockId="30.[186,1399,765,898]" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8D244FFF28FD0EFE771F6B" authorityName="Chen &amp; Lee &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2024" box="[189,505,765,792]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="269" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="immaculioralis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8D244FFF28FD0EFE2F1F64" box="[189,417,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">Lm. immaculioralis</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F1CF2036FF8D244FFE30FD0EFE731F6B" box="[421,509,766,792]" pageId="30" pageNumber="269" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to its sister species
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8D244FFC16FD0EFBAF1F64" authorityName="sensu Caruso" authorityYear="1983" box="[899,1057,766,791]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="269" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigerus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8D244FFC16FD0EFBAF1F64" box="[899,1057,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">Lm. setigerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in brown body coloration and pectoral-fin ray counts but differs in having a lower count of dorsal-fin spines (5 vs
<quantity id="1F70ECBAFF8D244FFB05FCD1FB331F48" box="[1168,1213,801,827]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="30" pageNumber="269" unit="in" value="6.0">6 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8D244FFB52FCD2FAEB1F48" authorityName="sensu Caruso" authorityYear="1983" box="[1223,1381,802,827]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="269" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigerus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8D244FFB52FCD2FAEB1F48" box="[1223,1381,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">Lm. setigerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), shorter OPSOP (22.2% HL vs 46.1–60.0% HL in
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8D244FFD6BFCB5FC151F2D" authorityName="sensu Caruso" authorityYear="1983" box="[766,923,837,862]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="269" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigerus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8D244FFD6BFCB5FC151F2D" box="[766,923,837,862]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">Lm. setigerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), a tassel-like flap esca (mostly pennant-like in
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8D244FFE9BFC98FE231FF2" authorityName="sensu Caruso" authorityYear="1983" box="[270,429,872,897]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="269" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigerus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8D244FFE9BFC98FE231FF2" box="[270,429,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">Lm. setigerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and a peritoneum without dark or gray pigmentation (gray in
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8D244FFB00FC98FABD1FF2" authorityName="sensu Caruso" authorityYear="1983" box="[1173,1331,872,897]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="269" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigerus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8D244FFB00FC98FABD1FF2" box="[1173,1331,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">Lm. setigerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF8D244FFF28FC59FB7418E5" blockId="30.[187,1400,937,1174]" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">
Since this new species is described based on a single specimen, the molecular differential diagnosis between the two species at
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8D244FFE0FFC3CFE421F95" box="[410,460,972,998]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">COI</emphasis>
gene level shown below is especially provided for aiding species identification: Nos. 45 (T vs C), 87 (G vs A), 90 (G vs A), 102 (T vs C), 103 (T vs C), 105 (A vs G), 106 (G vs C), 168 (T vs C), 177 (A vs G), 204 (C vs T), 207 (G vs A), 210 (C vs T), 255 (A vs G), 273 (C vs T), 282 (C vs T), 337 (C vs T), 348 (A vs G), 363 (G vs A), 369 (T vs C), 372 (G vs A), 453 (C vs T), 522 (A vs G), 555 (G vs A), 558 (G vs A), 561 (C vs T), 585 (T vs A), 618 (T vs C). Numbering of the position starts from the first nucleotide site of the gene. The differences can translate into a 4.9% sequence divergence.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="909212D4FF8D244FFF28FB4DFEEE193F" pageId="30" pageNumber="269" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="D837415FFF8D244FFF28FB4DFECA18A4" blockId="30.[189,324,1213,1239]" box="[189,324,1213,1239]" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">
<heading id="837FF633FF8D244FFF28FB4DFECA18A4" bold="true" box="[189,324,1213,1239]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="269" reason="3">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8D244FFF28FB4DFECA18A4" bold="true" box="[189,324,1213,1239]" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF8D244FFF28FB1CFEEE193F" blockId="30.[189,1401,1260,1356]" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">
The name
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8D244FFED4FB1CFE7D1975" authorityName="Chen &amp; Lee &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2024" box="[321,499,1260,1286]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="269" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="immaculioralis">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8D244FFED4FB1CFE7D1975" box="[321,499,1260,1286]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">immaculioralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is derived from the Latin ‘
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8D244FFCD2FB1CFC301975" box="[839,958,1260,1286]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">immaculi-</emphasis>
’ (meaning ‘unstained’) plus ‘
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8D244FFABFFB1CFAE01975" box="[1322,1390,1260,1286]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">oralis</emphasis>
’ (meaning ‘oral’). It refers to the floor of the mouth in this species being light, without conspicuous dark pigmentation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="909212D4FF8D244FFF28FA83FCEE1A55" pageId="30" pageNumber="269" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="D837415FFF8D244FFF28FA83FE2419FE" blockId="30.[189,426,1395,1421]" box="[189,426,1395,1421]" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">
<heading id="837FF633FF8D244FFF28FA83FE2419FE" bold="true" box="[189,426,1395,1421]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="269" reason="3">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8D244FFF28FA83FE2419FE" bold="true" box="[189,426,1395,1421]" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF8D244FFF7FFA52FED219CF" blockId="30.[189,1398,1442,1575]" box="[234,348,1442,1468]" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8D244FFF7FFA52FED219CF" bold="true" box="[234,348,1442,1468]" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">
<typeStatus id="0733FFFDFF8D244FFF7FFA52FED219CF" box="[234,348,1442,1468]" pageId="30" pageNumber="269" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF8D244FFF28FA36FCEE1A55" blockId="30.[189,1398,1442,1575]" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">
<materialsCitation id="68E04B02FF8D244FFF28FA36FCEE1A55" collectingDate="2018-03-21" collectionCode="COI" country="Thailand" elevation="150" location="Ranong" pageId="30" pageNumber="269" specimenCode="NTUM16313" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ranong" typeStatus="holotype">
ANDAMAN SEA • 243.0 mm SL, sample ID: WJC7777;
<collectingCountry id="A09F01CFFF8D244FFCFFFA35FC5B19AC" box="[874,981,1477,1503]" name="Thailand" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">Thailand</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="1A4C8FBDFF8D244FFC74FA36FBB11993" box="[993,1087,1478,1504]" country="Thailand" name="Ranong" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">Ranong</collectingRegion>
, Ranong fish landing port; ca
<quantity id="1F70ECBAFF8D244FFF77FA19FEE51A70" box="[226,363,1513,1539]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="269" unit="m" value="150.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="100.0">
<elevation id="53A5A66CFF8D244FFF77FA19FEE51A70" box="[226,363,1513,1539]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="269" unit="m" value="150.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="100.0">100–200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
deep;
<date id="AC36679FFF8D244FFE54FA19FDE71A70" box="[449,617,1513,1539]" pageId="30" pageNumber="269" value="2018-03-21">
<collectingDate id="BC729E77FF8D244FFE54FA19FDE71A70" box="[449,617,1513,1539]" pageId="30" pageNumber="269" value="2018-03-21">21 Mar. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
; GenBank nos:
<accessionNumber id="C7DBDCBCFF8D244FFCBAFA18FC211A71" box="[815,943,1512,1538]" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">OR261060</accessionNumber>
(
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8D244FFC51FA19FC791A70" box="[964,1015,1513,1539]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">COI</emphasis>
),
<accessionNumber id="C7DBDCBCFF8D244FFB86FA18FB1D1A70" box="[1043,1171,1512,1539]" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">OR257552</accessionNumber>
(
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8D244FFB3CFA18FB541A71" box="[1193,1242,1512,1538]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">cytb</emphasis>
),
<accessionNumber id="C7DBDCBCFF8D244FFB63FA18FAF81A70" box="[1270,1398,1512,1539]" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">OR260579</accessionNumber>
(
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8D244FFF52F9FCFEB31A55" box="[199,317,1548,1574]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">rhodopsin</emphasis>
),
<accessionNumber id="C7DBDCBCFF8D244FFEC3F9FCFE581A54" box="[342,470,1548,1575]" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">OR257564</accessionNumber>
(
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8D244FFE72F9FCFDA11A55" box="[487,559,1548,1574]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">RAG1</emphasis>
); Voucher:
<specimenCode id="882EE924FF8D244FFD2CF9FCFCD21A55" box="[697,860,1548,1574]" collectionCode="NTUM" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">NTUM16313</specimenCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="909212D4FF8D2471FF28F9BDFEB71800" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="271" pageId="30" pageNumber="269" type="description">
<paragraph id="D837415FFF8D244FFF28F9BDFEC01A14" blockId="30.[189,334,1613,1639]" box="[189,334,1613,1639]" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">
<heading id="837FF633FF8D244FFF28F9BDFEC01A14" bold="true" box="[189,334,1613,1639]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="269" reason="3">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8D244FFF28F9BDFEC01A14" bold="true" box="[189,334,1613,1639]" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF8D244FFF7FF98BFEBC1AE6" blockId="30.[189,1399,1659,1827]" box="[234,306,1659,1685]" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8D244FFF7FF98BFEBC1AE6" bold="true" box="[234,306,1659,1685]" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">Adult</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF8D244FFF28F96FFED91B50" blockId="30.[189,1399,1659,1827]" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">
<smallCapsWord id="DED1D783FF8D244FFF28F96FFEE01AC4" baselines="1714,1714" box="[189,366,1695,1721]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Measurements" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">MEASUREMENTS</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="DED1D783FF8D244FFEE0F955FE2C1ACB" baselines="1715" box="[373,418,1701,1720]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="and" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">AND</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="DED1D783FF8D244FFE3CF954FD841AC4" baselines="1714" box="[425,522,1700,1719]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="meristic" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">MERISTIC</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="DED1D783FF8D244FFD84F954FDEA1AC4" baselines="1714" box="[529,612,1700,1719]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="counts" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">COUNTS</smallCapsWord>
. Morphometric values given in
<tableCitation id="950A74E4FF8D244FFC4EF96FFBB31ACA" box="[987,1085,1695,1721]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="12.[186,256,660,688]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Table 3. Standard length and the measurements expressed in percent (%) of standard length of species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883 described in this study. Values are expressed as ranges; values in parentheses are means ±standard deviations. Definitions and measurement abbreviations follow Caruso (1981). Abbreviations: HT = Holotype; N/A = unavailable; NT = neotype; ST = syntypes." pageId="30" pageNumber="269">Tables 3</tableCitation>
and
<tableCitation id="950A74E4FF8D244FFBE0F96FFB091ACA" box="[1141,1159,1695,1721]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="13.[185,255,622,650]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Table 4. Measurements expressed in percent (%) of head lengths of species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883 described in this study. Values are expressed as ranges; values in parentheses are means±standard deviations. Definitions and measurement abbreviations follow Caruso (1981). Abbreviations: HT = Holotype; N/A = unavailable; NT = neotype; ST = syntypes." pageId="30" pageNumber="269">4</tableCitation>
. Dorsal-fin spines 5; dorsal-fin rays 8; anal-fin rays 6; pectoral-fin rays 21–22; pelvic-fin rays 7; branchiostegal rays 5; quadrate spine 1; interopercular spines 2; vertebrae 19; outermost row of premaxillary teeth 33–35 (
<tableCitation id="950A74E4FF8D244FFF50F8F8FEC51B50" box="[197,331,1800,1827]" captionStart-0="Table 5" captionStart-1="Table 6" captionStartId-0="14.[187,257,727,755]" captionStartId-1="15.[186,256,703,731]" captionTargetPageId-0="14" captionTargetPageId-1="15" captionText-0="Table 5. Meristic counts of species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883 described in this study. Values are counted from both sides and expressed as ranges; values expressed in parentheses indicate counts from the right side. Abbreviations: HT = Holotype; N/A = unavailable; NT = neotype; ST = syntypes." captionText-1="Table 6. Frequency distribution of left (upper row) and right (lower row) pectoral-fin rays and vertebrae meristic counts of species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883 described in this study. The star mark indicates the count of the name-bearing type. Abbreviations: Mean = arithmetic mean of meristic counts; N = number of examined specimens." pageId="30" pageNumber="269">Tables 5–6</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF8D2471FF28F8B8FDD01E58" blockId="30.[186,1398,1864,2023]" lastBlockId="32.[187,1400,265,555]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="271" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">
<smallCapsWord id="DED1D783FF8D244FFF28F8B8FF721B13" baselines="1883,1883" box="[189,252,1864,1890]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Head" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">HEAD</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="DED1D783FF8D244FFE91F8BDFEBF1B13" baselines="1883" box="[260,305,1869,1888]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="and" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">AND</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="DED1D783FF8D244FFEADF8BDFEFD1B13" baselines="1883" box="[312,371,1869,1888]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="body" pageId="30" pageNumber="269">BODY</smallCapsWord>
. Head relatively short (31.9% of SL) and narrow (54.9% of HL); eyes suboval; anterior half of premaxilla with three rows of enlarged teeth, largest on innermost row followed by single row of small teeth on posterior half; maxilla toothless; palatine with single row of small teeth, with some enlarged; dentary with three rows of teeth, outer teeth minute, and innermost teeth largest; fifth ceratobranchial with two rows of small teeth, forming V-shaped patch; teeth on second and third pharyngobranchials forming small and rounded patches; gill rakers and pseudobranch absent. Palatine spines sharp, with posterior one stronger; frontal ridges and outer surface of maxilla, dentary, and quadrate bones bearing low and conical knobs; frontal spines sharp, with posterior one sharper, stronger, and bearing small knobs; inner sphenotic spines blunt, low, and broad; outer sphenotic spines sharp and strong; pterotic, parietal, epiotic, and posttemporal spines low, broad, and blunt; articular spines sharp and strong, with single spine anterior to jaw joint; quadrate spines sharp and strong; hyomandibular spines low but sharp; opercular spines blunt, low, and broad; interopercular and subopercular spines strong and sharp; cleithral spines strong; humeral spines well developed, with five sharp spinelets at tips; edge of head and caudal peduncle covered by black tendrils.
</paragraph>
<caption id="8CF711D7FF8C244EFF28F878FE9E1B9B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12806123" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12806123" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12806123/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="270" startId="31.[189,232,1928,1954]" targetBox="[199,1388,278,1864]" targetPageId="31">
<paragraph id="D837415FFF8C244EFF28F878FE9E1B9B" blockId="31.[189,1399,1928,2024]" pageId="31" pageNumber="270">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8C244EFF28F878FEA81BD1" bold="true" box="[189,294,1928,1954]" pageId="31" pageNumber="270">Fig. 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8C244EFEACF878FD0E1BD1" authorityName="Chen &amp; Lee &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2024" box="[313,640,1928,1954]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="270" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="immaculioralis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8C244EFEACF878FD0E1BD1" box="[313,640,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="270">Lophiomus immaculioralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F1CF2036FF8C244EFD06F878FD721BD1" box="[659,764,1928,1954]" pageId="31" pageNumber="270" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype (NTUM16313, sample ID: WJC7777).
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8C244EFF28F85BFF5C1BB6" bold="true" box="[189,210,1963,1989]" pageId="31" pageNumber="270">A</emphasis>
. Preserved specimen, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8C244EFDE4F85BFD0A1BB6" bold="true" box="[625,644,1963,1989]" pageId="31" pageNumber="270">B</emphasis>
. Ditto, ventral view.
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8C244EFCEAF85BFC1A1BB6" bold="true" box="[895,916,1963,1989]" pageId="31" pageNumber="270">C</emphasis>
. Ditto, fresh specimen.
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8C244EFB3AF85BFB4A1BB6" bold="true" box="[1199,1220,1963,1989]" pageId="31" pageNumber="270">D</emphasis>
. Ditto, floor of mouth.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="D837415FFFB32471FF28FDA1FAA31F62" blockId="32.[189,1400,591,785]" pageId="32" pageNumber="271">
<smallCapsWord id="DED1D783FFB32471FF28FDA1FF601E1A" baselines="612,612" box="[189,238,593,619]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Fins" pageId="32" pageNumber="271">FINS</smallCapsWord>
. Illicium short (30.7% of SL), without tendrils and reaching basal ⅓ of retracted third dorsal-fin spine; esca tassel-like flap with long dark cirri; second dorsal-fin spine relatively short (18.3% of SL), slender, reaching position of inner sphenotic spines, with dark tendrils; third dorsal-fin spine relatively short (23.5% of SL), pale and slender, reaching from about ⅓ of retracted fourth dorsal-fin spine, without tendrils; fourth dorsal-fin spine pale, slender, without tendrils; fifth dorsal-fin spine long, mostly imbedded under skin; sixth dorsal-fin spine absent; posterior dorsal-fin rays shorter than anterior.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFFB32471FF28FCC6FB681FA7" blockId="32.[189,1400,821,980]" pageId="32" pageNumber="271">
<smallCapsWord id="DED1D783FFB32471FF28FCC6FEC61F3D" baselines="841,841" box="[189,328,822,848]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Coloration" pageId="32" pageNumber="271">COLORATION</smallCapsWord>
(
<smallCapsWord id="DED1D783FFB32471FEC9FCCBFE5F1F3D" baselines="841" box="[348,465,827,846]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="preserved" pageId="32" pageNumber="271">PRESERVED</smallCapsWord>
). Body color reddish brown, uniformly covered with irregularly shaped pale spots on dorsal surface, denser in caudal peduncle; ventral surface pale, with peritoneum light; floor of mouth light, without conspicuous dark marking, with minute dark spot scarcely; dorsal surfaces of pectoral-fins dark apically and pigmented as adjacent area of body basally; dorsal-fin and dorsal-fin rays pale; caudal fin dark basally and apically, with color pattern same as adjacent area of body.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFFB32471FF28FC09FC9D1860" blockId="32.[189,787,1017,1044]" box="[189,787,1017,1044]" pageId="32" pageNumber="271">
<smallCapsWord id="DED1D783FFB32471FF28FC09FEC61861" baselines="1036,1037" box="[189,328,1017,1043]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Coloration" pageId="32" pageNumber="271">COLORATION</smallCapsWord>
(
<smallCapsWord id="DED1D783FFB32471FECCFC0FFE171861" baselines="1037" box="[345,409,1023,1042]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="fresh" pageId="32" pageNumber="271">
<collectionCode id="BE99D99AFFB32471FECCFC0FFE171861" box="[345,409,1023,1042]" pageId="32" pageNumber="271">FRESH</collectionCode>
</smallCapsWord>
). Same as preserved coloration.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFFB32471FF7FFBC8FED21821" blockId="32.[189,348,1080,1139]" box="[234,348,1080,1106]" pageId="32" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFFB32471FF7FFBC8FED21821" bold="true" box="[234,348,1080,1106]" pageId="32" pageNumber="271">Subadult</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFFB32471FF28FBA9FEB71800" blockId="32.[189,348,1080,1139]" box="[189,313,1113,1139]" pageId="32" pageNumber="271">Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="909212D4FFB32471FF28FB68FBAA18AC" box="[189,1060,1176,1248]" pageId="32" pageNumber="271" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="D837415FFFB32471FF28FB68FED818C1" blockId="32.[189,342,1176,1202]" box="[189,342,1176,1202]" pageId="32" pageNumber="271">
<heading id="837FF633FFB32471FF28FB68FED818C1" bold="true" box="[189,342,1176,1202]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="271" reason="3">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFFB32471FF28FB68FED818C1" bold="true" box="[189,342,1176,1202]" pageId="32" pageNumber="271">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFFB32471FF28FB35FBAA18AC" blockId="32.[189,1060,1221,1248]" box="[189,1060,1221,1248]" pageId="32" pageNumber="271">
Andaman Sea, waters off
<collectingRegion id="1A4C8FBDFFB32471FE79FB36FDC41893" box="[492,586,1222,1248]" country="Thailand" name="Ranong" pageId="32" pageNumber="271">Ranong</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="A09F01CFFFB32471FDC3FB35FD3018AC" box="[598,702,1221,1247]" name="Thailand" pageId="32" pageNumber="271">Thailand</collectingCountry>
(
<typeStatus id="0733FFFDFFB32471FD58FB35FCB91893" box="[717,823,1221,1248]" pageId="32" pageNumber="271" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
) (this study,
<figureCitation id="40B35DDAFFB32471FC5AFB35FB9C18AC" box="[975,1042,1221,1247]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[195,1393,783,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-199@2.[189,1398,777,1888]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Bathymetric terrain map of eastern Indian Ocean and West Pacific showing the occurrence points of species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883 based on the samples/sequences included in the analyses of this study. White circle: type locality of the species of Lophiomus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12806100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12806100/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="271">Fig.1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="909212D4FFB32471FF28FAF4FD4A1A06" pageId="32" pageNumber="271" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="D837415FFFB32471FF28FAF4FEA1196D" blockId="32.[189,303,1284,1310]" box="[189,303,1284,1310]" pageId="32" pageNumber="271">
<heading id="837FF633FFB32471FF28FAF4FEA1196D" bold="true" box="[189,303,1284,1310]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="271" reason="3">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFFB32471FF28FAF4FEA1196D" bold="true" box="[189,303,1284,1310]" pageId="32" pageNumber="271">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFFB32471FF28FAC1FD4A1A06" blockId="32.[188,1399,1329,1653]" pageId="32" pageNumber="271">
Comparing with two previously described nominal species of
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFFB32471FC07FAC1FB9A1938" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1883" box="[914,1044,1329,1355]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFFB32471FC07FAC1FB9A1938" box="[914,1044,1329,1355]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="271">Lophiomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that are also distributed in the Indian Ocean, namely
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFFB32471FE56FAA3FDCB191F" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1889" box="[451,581,1362,1388]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFFB32471FE56FAA3FDCB191F" box="[451,581,1362,1388]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="271">Lp. indicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFFB32471FDE8FAA2FCBC191F" authorityName="Samuel" authorityYear="1963" box="[637,818,1362,1388]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Chirolophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malabaricus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFFB32471FDE8FAA2FCBC191F" box="[637,818,1362,1388]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="271">C. malabaricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this new species is different from both by having floor of mouth without conspicuous dark marking (black with circular white patches in
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFFB32471FB7CFA84FAE119FE" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1889" box="[1257,1391,1395,1421]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFFB32471FB7CFA84FAE119FE" box="[1257,1391,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="271">Lp. indicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, unknown in
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFFB32471FECEFA64FD9819DD" authorityName="Samuel" authorityYear="1963" box="[347,534,1428,1454]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Chirolophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malabaricus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFFB32471FECEFA64FD9819DD" box="[347,534,1428,1454]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="271">C. malabaricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), lower pectoral-fin ray count (21–22 vs
<quantity id="1F70ECBAFFB32471FB8AFA64FB0219DD" box="[1055,1164,1428,1454]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.715" metricValueMax="5.842" metricValueMin="5.588" pageId="32" pageNumber="271" unit="in" value="22.5" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="22.0">22–23 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFFB32471FB0CFA65FAAF19DD" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1889" box="[1177,1313,1428,1454]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFFB32471FB0CFA65FAAF19DD" box="[1177,1313,1428,1454]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="271">Lp. indicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<quantity id="1F70ECBAFFB32471FAA0FA64FAF919DD" box="[1333,1399,1428,1454]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.096" pageId="32" pageNumber="271" unit="in" value="24.0">24 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFFB32471FF28FA45FEFA19BC" authorityName="Samuel" authorityYear="1963" box="[189,372,1461,1487]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Chirolophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malabaricus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFFB32471FF28FA45FEFA19BC" box="[189,372,1461,1487]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="271">C. malabaricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and lower dorsal-fin spine count (5 vs
<quantity id="1F70ECBAFFB32471FCCFFA45FC0719BC" box="[858,905,1461,1487]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="32" pageNumber="271" unit="in" value="6.0">6 in</quantity>
both nominal species) (
<figureCitation id="40B35DDAFFB32471FB32FA45FAA019BC" box="[1191,1326,1461,1487]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[189,232,1767,1793]" captionTargetBox="[197,1391,275,1711]" captionTargetId="figure-12@23.[189,1398,267,1718]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 9. Lophius indicus Alock, 1889. A–D. Large syntype (BMNH 1890.11.28.45). E–H. Small syntype (BMNH 1890.11.28.45.46). A. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. B. Ditto, ventral view. C. Ditto, floor of mouth. D. Ditto, X-ray radiograph. E. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. F. Ditto, ventral view. G. Ditto, floor of mouth. H. Ditto, X-ray radiograph. Photographed by L. Goodayle. © Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London (available under CC-BY 4.0)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12806117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12806117/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="271">Figs 9C, G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="40B35DDAFFB32471FAA9FA45FAFF19BC" box="[1340,1393,1461,1487]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[199,1388,278,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-11@31.[189,1398,268,1874]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 12. Lophiomus immaculioralis sp. nov., holotype (NTUM16313, sample ID: WJC7777). A. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. B. Ditto, ventral view. C. Ditto, fresh specimen. D. Ditto, floor of mouth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12806123" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12806123/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="271">12D</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="950A74E4FFB32471FF28FA26FEAF1983" box="[189,289,1494,1520]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[185,255,702,730]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of the original description of all previously described nominal species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883." pageId="32" pageNumber="271">Tables 1</tableCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="950A74E4FFB32471FEA7FA26FECD1982" box="[306,323,1494,1521]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="14.[187,257,727,755]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Table 5. Meristic counts of species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883 described in this study. Values are counted from both sides and expressed as ranges; values expressed in parentheses indicate counts from the right side. Abbreviations: HT = Holotype; N/A = unavailable; NT = neotype; ST = syntypes." pageId="32" pageNumber="271">5</tableCitation>
). Given the non-overlapping distribution between two nominal species (Andaman Sea off Ranong vs Bay of Bengal, for
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFFB32471FD8EFA08FD121A62" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1889" box="[539,668,1527,1553]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFFB32471FD8EFA08FD121A62" box="[539,668,1527,1553]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="271">Lp. indicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<collectingRegion id="1A4C8FBDFFB32471FD46FA07FCAF1A62" box="[723,801,1527,1553]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="32" pageNumber="271">Kerala</collectingRegion>
coast, southwest
<collectingCountry id="A09F01CFFFB32471FC79FA07FBA51A62" box="[1004,1067,1527,1553]" name="India" pageId="32" pageNumber="271">India</collectingCountry>
, for
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFFB32471FBC8FA08FA9C1A62" authorityName="Samuel" authorityYear="1963" box="[1117,1298,1527,1554]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Chirolophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malabaricus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFFB32471FBC8FA08FA9C1A62" box="[1117,1298,1527,1554]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="271">C. malabaricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="40B35DDAFFB32471FABFFA07FAE11A62" box="[1322,1391,1527,1553]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[195,1393,783,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-199@2.[189,1398,777,1888]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Bathymetric terrain map of eastern Indian Ocean and West Pacific showing the occurrence points of species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883 based on the samples/sequences included in the analyses of this study. White circle: type locality of the species of Lophiomus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12806100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12806100/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="271">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="950A74E4FFB32471FF29F9E8FE9F1A41" box="[188,273,1560,1586]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[185,255,702,730]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of the original description of all previously described nominal species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883." pageId="32" pageNumber="271">Table 1</tableCitation>
), along with substantial genetic differences (16.1% at
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFFB32471FC12F9E9FC341A40" box="[903,954,1561,1587]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="271">COI</emphasis>
gene) to ‘
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFFB32471FBBBF9E9FB211A41" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1889" box="[1070,1199,1560,1586]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFFB32471FBBBF9E9FB211A41" box="[1070,1199,1560,1586]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="271">Lp. indicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ (
<tableCitation id="950A74E4FFB32471FB51F9E8FA901A40" box="[1220,1310,1560,1587]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="16.[186,256,640,668]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Table 7. Mean pairwise K2P distances and estimated variance of COI and cytb sequences of specie of Lophiomus Gill, 1883 included in this study. The values in the lower left of the matrix represent the K2P distances, and the upper right represents the variances estimated by the Bootstrap method in 500 replications. Bolding indicates the species newly described in this study. Abbreviations: EAU = Eastern Australia; NC = New Caledonia; N/A = unavailable." pageId="32" pageNumber="271">Table 7</tableCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="40B35DDAFFB32471FABFF9E8FAE01A41" box="[1322,1390,1560,1586]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,1681,1707]" captionTargetBox="[196,1373,838,1602]" captionTargetId="figure-255@8.[189,1398,813,1636]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 2. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree of the species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883 based on the MT dataset (1806 bp, COI: 663 bp; cytb: 1143 bp; TN+ F +I (1–663 bp), GTR+ F +I+G4 (664–1806 bp)) with species delimitation analyses (vertical bars on the right side of the tree). Branch lengths of the phylogenetic tree are proportional to the inferred nucleotide substitutions except for the one connecting to the distant outgroup of Lophiodes mutilus. Node numbers represent ‘SH-aLRT/ UFBoot’ values in percent (%). Locality abbreviations: AU = Australia (NSW = New South Wales; Qld = Queensland; WA = Western Australia); CS = Coral Sea; HN = Hainan Island; IN = India; NC = New Caledonia; PH = Penghu Island; PL = Philippine; PNG = Papua New Guinea; SCS = South China Sea; TH = Thailand; TW = Taiwan. Text next to final decisions represents inferred taxon names and numbers of supported criteria covering all available criteria, with proportions in parentheses." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12806102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12806102/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="271">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) and the mentioned morphological distinctions, this new species is considered a distinct species from the two nominal species from the Indian Ocean.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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