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<document id="8DD29E0BC079828807AE3E0097463C9F" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2599" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12806098" ID-ZooBank="4EEAB64C-EB8D-4208-9EE2-76FA07201EED" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="karina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="karina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="karina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="karina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1721824832049" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Chen, Hsuan-Pu, Lee, Mao-Ying &amp; Chen, Wei-Jen" docDate="2024" docId="5021F049FF872448FDDAFEF8FAF619CF" docLanguage="en" docName="EJT.2024.943.239-287.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 943" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2024.943.2599" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Lophiomus setigerus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="264" masterDocId="AC188831FF932451FF95FFF0FF8E1C73" masterDocTitle="Integrative taxonomy reveals unanticipated hidden diversity in the monotypic goosefish genus Lophiomus (Teleostei, Lophiidae), with description of three new species and resurrection of Chirolophius laticeps Ogilby, 1910" masterLastPageNumber="287" masterPageNumber="239" pageNumber="259" updateTime="1721938142367" updateUser="karina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="B2E024DA72D5BF779EECF3E2A724F4F2">Integrative taxonomy reveals unanticipated hidden diversity in the monotypic goosefish genus Lophiomus (Teleostei, Lophiidae), with description of three new species and resurrection of Chirolophius laticeps Ogilby, 1910</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5DB46760E2A7F73EF7DB4E45AB9A8C3B">Chen, Hsuan-Pu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="45919F2227A366FED2BAA96EAE778A18">Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FA25F4F91E165FD07D24A4F14429EA3C">Lee, Mao-Ying</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E0F4AB2ADEBB58298E2E5B7D05867A78">Marine Fisheries Division, Fisheries Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 199 Hou-Ih Road, Keelung 202008, Taiwan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="C5B885046C71423BE27EFE7B425CB501">Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="1C7363C7AF224B965B7F9ED3C177E174">2024</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF872445FDDAFEF8FC6A1D50" ID-CoL="3W28B" authority="(Vahl, 1797)" baseAuthorityName="Vahl" baseAuthorityYear="1797" box="[591,996,264,291]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigerus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF872445FDDAFEF8FCC51D50" bold="true" box="[591,843,264,291]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">Lophiomus setigerus</emphasis>
(Vahl, 1797)
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<paragraph id="D837415FFF872445FDB0FEA0FB801D19" blockId="20.[359,1228,264,363]" box="[549,1038,336,363]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">
<figureCitation id="40B35DDAFF872445FDB0FEA0FD0D1D18" box="[549,643,336,363]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[210,1373,651,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-104@18.[189,1398,625,1923]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Cranial comparative osteology of the three lophiid genera. A. Lophiodes mutilus (Alcock, 1894). B. Lophius litulon (Jordan, 1902). C. Lophiomus setigerus (Vahl, 1797). Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12806113" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12806113/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">Figs 7C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="40B35DDAFF872445FD05FEA1FD301D18" box="[656,702,337,363]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="22.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionStartId-1="23.[189,232,1767,1793]" captionTargetBox-0="[207,1380,275,1839]" captionTargetBox-1="[197,1391,275,1711]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@22.[197,1390,265,1849]" captionTargetId-1="figure-12@23.[189,1398,267,1718]" captionTargetPageId-0="22" captionTargetPageId-1="23" captionText-0="Fig. 8. Lophiomus setigerus (Vahl, 1797). A–D. Neotype (NTUM10408, sample ID: WJC0905). E–H. Large specimens (NTUM14414, sample ID: WJC7223). A. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. B. Ditto, ventral view. C. Ditto, fresh specimen. D. Ditto, floor of mouth. E. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. F. Ditto, ventral view. G. Ditto, fresh specimen. H. Ditto, floor of mouth." captionText-1="Fig. 9. Lophius indicus Alock, 1889. A–D. Large syntype (BMNH 1890.11.28.45). E–H. Small syntype (BMNH 1890.11.28.45.46). A. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. B. Ditto, ventral view. C. Ditto, floor of mouth. D. Ditto, X-ray radiograph. E. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. F. Ditto, ventral view. G. Ditto, floor of mouth. H. Ditto, X-ray radiograph. Photographed by L. Goodayle. © Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London (available under CC-BY 4.0)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12806115" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12806117" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/12806115/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/12806117/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">8–9</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="40B35DDAFF872445FD5EFEA0FC8E1D18" box="[715,768,336,363]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[334,1254,265,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-17@40.[334,1254,265,1777]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 15. X-ray radiographs in dorsal view and zoom-in images of left pectoral-fin of Lophiomus spp. collected in this study for visualizing interspecific variations in pectoral-fin ray counts. A. Lm. setigerus (Vahl, 1797), neotype (NTUM10408, sample ID: WJC0905). B. Lm. laticeps (Ogilby, 1910) stat. rev. (NTUM13463, sample ID: NC1375). C. Lm. immaculioralis sp. nov., holotype (NTUM16313, sample ID: WJC7777). D. Lm. nigriventris sp. nov., holotype (NTUM15096, sample ID: WJC5808). E. Lm. carusoi sp. nov., holotype (MNHN 2024-0099, sample ID: NC2059)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12806129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12806129/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">15A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="40B35DDAFF872445FC99FEA0FCE81D19" box="[780,870,336,362]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="41.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,618,1772]" captionTargetId="figure-121@41.[189,1398,573,1780]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Fig. 16. Esca of Lophiomus spp. A. Lm. laticeps (Ogilby, 1910) stat. rev. (NTUM13463, sample ID: NC1375). B. Ditto (NTUM13468, sample ID: NC964). C. Lm. nigriventris sp. nov., holotype (NTUM15096, sample ID: WJC5808). D. Lm. immaculioralis sp. nov., holotype (NTUM16313, sample ID: WJC7777). E. Lm. carusoi sp. nov., holotype (MNHN 2024-0099, sample ID: NC2059). F. Ditto, paratype (NTUM17682, sample ID: NC1978).G. Lm. setigerus (Vahl, 1797) (NTUM14414, sample ID: WJC7223). H. Ditto (NTUM14414, sample ID: WJC7224). Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12806131" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12806131/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">16G–H</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="950A74E4FF872445FCE4FEA0FC5A1D18" box="[881,980,336,363]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[185,255,702,730]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of the original description of all previously described nominal species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883." pageId="20" pageNumber="259">Tables 1</tableCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="950A74E4FF872445FC77FEA0FB801D19" box="[994,1038,336,362]" captionStart-0="Table 3" captionStart-1="Table 4" captionStart-2="Table 5" captionStart-3="Table 6" captionStartId-0="12.[186,256,660,688]" captionStartId-1="13.[185,255,622,650]" captionStartId-2="14.[187,257,727,755]" captionStartId-3="15.[186,256,703,731]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionTargetPageId-2="14" captionTargetPageId-3="15" captionText-0="Table 3. Standard length and the measurements expressed in percent (%) of standard length of species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883 described in this study. Values are expressed as ranges; values in parentheses are means ±standard deviations. Definitions and measurement abbreviations follow Caruso (1981). Abbreviations: HT = Holotype; N/A = unavailable; NT = neotype; ST = syntypes." captionText-1="Table 4. Measurements expressed in percent (%) of head lengths of species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883 described in this study. Values are expressed as ranges; values in parentheses are means±standard deviations. Definitions and measurement abbreviations follow Caruso (1981). Abbreviations: HT = Holotype; N/A = unavailable; NT = neotype; ST = syntypes." captionText-2="Table 5. Meristic counts of species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883 described in this study. Values are counted from both sides and expressed as ranges; values expressed in parentheses indicate counts from the right side. Abbreviations: HT = Holotype; N/A = unavailable; NT = neotype; ST = syntypes." captionText-3="Table 6. Frequency distribution of left (upper row) and right (lower row) pectoral-fin rays and vertebrae meristic counts of species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883 described in this study. The star mark indicates the count of the name-bearing type. Abbreviations: Mean = arithmetic mean of meristic counts; N = number of examined specimens." pageId="20" pageNumber="259">3–6</tableCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="5929674EFF872445FF28FE62FDDC1DDE" box="[189,594,402,429]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF872445FF28FE62FDDC1DDE" ID-CoL="6QN4P" authority="Vahl, 1797: 215" authorityName="Vahl" authorityPageNumber="215" authorityYear="1797" box="[189,594,402,429]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigerus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF872445FF28FE62FE031DDF" box="[189,397,402,428]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">Lophius setigerus</emphasis>
Vahl, 1797: 215
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.
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="F8986671FF872445FF28FE46FC791DA2" box="[189,1015,438,465]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">
<treatmentCitation id="5929674EFF872445FF28FE46FD711DA3" author="Bloch M. E. &amp; Schneider J. G." box="[189,767,438,464]" page="142" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" year="1801">
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF872445FF28FE46FD711DA3" ID-CoL="3W2N8" authority="Bloch &amp; Schneider, 1801: 142" authorityName="Bloch &amp; Schneider" authorityPageNumber="142" authorityYear="1801" box="[189,767,438,464]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viviparus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF872445FF28FE46FE1E1DA3" box="[189,400,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">Lophius viviparus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BC193CAEFF872445FE02FE46FD711DA3" author="Bloch M. E. &amp; Schneider J. G." box="[407,767,438,464]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" refId="ref22473" refString="Bloch M. E. &amp; Schneider J. G. 1801. M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae Iconibus cx Ilustratum. Sumtibus auctoris impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano commissum, Berlin [Berolini]. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5750" type="book" year="1801">Bloch &amp; Schneider, 1801: 142</bibRefCitation>
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. Objective synonym.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF872445FF28FE2AFC721D87" blockId="20.[189,1136,402,536]" box="[189,1020,474,500]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F8986671FF872445FF28FE2AFC721D87" box="[189,1020,474,500]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">
<treatmentCitation id="5929674EFF872445FF28FE2AFDD51D87" author="Alcock A. W." box="[189,603,474,500]" page="302" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" year="1889">
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF872445FF28FE2AFDD51D87" ID-CoL="3W2M9" authority="Alcock, 1889: 302" authorityName="Alcock" authorityPageNumber="302" authorityYear="1889" box="[189,603,474,500]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF872445FF28FE2AFEF61D87" box="[189,376,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">Lophius indicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BC193CAEFF872445FEE8FE2AFDD51D87" author="Alcock A. W." box="[381,603,474,500]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" pagination="296 - 305" refId="ref22311" refString="Alcock A. W. 1889. Natural history notes from H. M. ' s Indian marine survey steamer ' Investigator ' no. 12. Descriptions of some new and rare species of fishes from the Bay of Bengal, obtained during the season of 1888 - 89. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 3: 296 - 305." type="journal article" year="1889">Alcock, 1889: 302</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
. Synonymized by 
<treatmentCitation id="5929674EFF872445FCA6FE2AFC791D87" author="Caruso J. H." box="[819,1015,474,500]" page="13" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="BC193CAEFF872445FCA6FE2AFC791D87" author="Caruso J. H." box="[819,1015,474,500]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" pagination="11 - 30" refId="ref22963" refString="Caruso J. H. 1983. The systematics and distribution of the lophiid anglerfishes: II. Revisions of the genera Lophiomus and Lophius. Copeia 1983 (1): 11 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1444694" type="journal article" year="1983">Caruso 1983: 13</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF872445FF28FE0EFBFE1E6B" blockId="20.[189,1136,402,536]" box="[189,1136,510,536]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F8986671FF872445FF28FE0EFBFE1E6B" box="[189,1136,510,536]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">
<treatmentCitation id="5929674EFF872445FF28FE0EFD411E6B" author="Tanaka S." box="[189,719,510,536]" page="227" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" year="1918">
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF872445FF28FE0EFD411E6B" ID-CoL="3W289" authority="Tanaka, 1918: 227" authorityName="Tanaka" authorityPageNumber="227" authorityYear="1918" box="[189,719,510,536]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longicephalus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF872445FF28FE0EFE621E6B" box="[189,492,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">Lophiomus longicephalus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BC193CAEFF872445FE67FE0EFD411E6B" author="Tanaka S." box="[498,719,510,536]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" pagination="223 - 227" refId="ref25472" refString="Tanaka S. 1918. Twelve new species of Japanese fishes. Dobutsugaku Zasshi 30: 223 - 227. Vahl M. 1797. Beskrivelse tvende nye arter af bredflab-slaegten Lophius. Skrivter af Naturhistorie- Selskabet KiObenhavn 4: 212 - 216. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 58273971 [accessed 19 Mar. 2023]." type="journal article" year="1918">Tanaka, 1918: 227</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. Synonymized by 
<treatmentCitation id="5929674EFF872445FC32FE0EFBE21E6B" author="Caruso J. H." box="[935,1132,510,536]" page="13" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="BC193CAEFF872445FC32FE0EFBE21E6B" author="Caruso J. H." box="[935,1132,510,536]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" pagination="11 - 30" refId="ref22963" refString="Caruso J. H. 1983. The systematics and distribution of the lophiid anglerfishes: II. Revisions of the genera Lophiomus and Lophius. Copeia 1983 (1): 11 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1444694" type="journal article" year="1983">Caruso 1983: 13</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="909212D4FF872445FF28FDCFFC471AA1" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="D837415FFF872445FF28FDCFFEB81E2A" blockId="20.[189,310,575,601]" box="[189,310,575,601]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">
<heading id="837FF633FF872445FF28FDCFFEB81E2A" bold="true" box="[189,310,575,601]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" reason="3">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF872445FF28FDCFFEB81E2A" bold="true" box="[189,310,575,601]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF872445FF28FD9FFB301EA3" blockId="20.[189,1398,623,721]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">
This species can be separated from other congeners by the combination of dorsal-fin spines 6, pelvic-fin rays mostly 7, pectoral-fin rays 21–23 (mostly 22; 
<tableCitation id="950A74E4FF872445FC8AFD62FCF51EDE" box="[799,891,658,685]" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="15.[186,256,703,731]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Table 6. Frequency distribution of left (upper row) and right (lower row) pectoral-fin rays and vertebrae meristic counts of species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883 described in this study. The star mark indicates the count of the name-bearing type. Abbreviations: Mean = arithmetic mean of meristic counts; N = number of examined specimens." pageId="20" pageNumber="259">Table 6</tableCitation>
), brown body coloration, peritoneum with gray pigmentation, and circular or irregular light pattern on the dark floor of the mouth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF872445FF28FD08FD961F9A" blockId="20.[187,1399,760,1001]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">
Pseudogene was detected from the DNA barcode region (COI-5P) of 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF872445FC7FFD08FB931F61" box="[1002,1053,760,786]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">COI</emphasis>
gene in real 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF872445FB21FD09FADC1F61" authorityName="Vahl" authorityYear="1797" box="[1204,1362,761,786]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigerus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF872445FB21FD09FADC1F61" box="[1204,1362,761,786]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">Lm. setigerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by primer pair FishF1–FishR1 (
<bibRefCitation id="BC193CAEFF872445FD9BFCECFD591F44" author="Ward R. D. &amp; Zemlak T. S. &amp; Innes B. H. &amp; Last P. R. &amp; Hebert P. D." box="[526,727,796,823]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" pagination="1847 - 1857" refId="ref25582" refString="Ward R. D., Zemlak T. S., Innes B. H., Last P. R. &amp; Hebert P. D. 2005. DNA barcoding Australia's fish species. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 360 (1462): 1847 - 1857. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rstb. 2005.1716" type="journal article" year="2005">
Ward 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF872445FDCDFCEDFD1D1F45" box="[600,659,796,822]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
) and cocktail primers C_VF1LFt1–C_VR1LRt (
<bibRefCitation id="BC193CAEFF872445FA83FCECFEB71F29" author="Ivanova N. &amp; Zemlak T. &amp; Hanner R. &amp; Hebert P." pageId="20" pageNumber="259" pagination="544 - 548" refId="ref23919" refString="Ivanova N., Zemlak T., Hanner R. &amp; Hebert P. 2007. Universal primer cocktails for fish DNA barcoding. Molecular Ecology Notes 7 (4): 544 - 548. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1471 - 8286.2007.01748. x" type="journal article" year="2007">
Ivanova 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF872445FF2BFCB0FF781F2A" box="[190,246,831,857]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
), with stop codon occurring at amino acid position 
<quantity id="1F70ECBAFF872445FCEAFCB0FC361F2A" box="[895,952,831,858]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.858" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" unit="in" value="27.0">27 in</quantity>
sample WJC0905 (nucleotide position 79–81 ‘AGG’, but ‘GGA’ normally), and position 
<quantity id="1F70ECBAFF872445FC97FC93FCB21F0E" box="[770,828,867,893]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0065999999999997" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" unit="in" value="79.0">79 in</quantity>
samples WJC0905, CFCS006-08, CFCS007-08, CFCS138-08, and CFCS139-08 (nucleotide position 235–237 ‘AGG’, but ‘GGG’ or ‘GGC’ normally) in the 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF872445FE90FC5BFEB61FB6" box="[261,312,939,965]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">COI</emphasis>
dataset in this study (Supp. file 3). Numbering of the position starts from the first amino acid or nucleotide site of the gene.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF872445FF28FBE0FE471859" blockId="20.[189,457,1040,1066]" box="[189,457,1040,1066]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">
<heading id="837FF633FF872445FF28FBE0FE471859" bold="true" box="[189,457,1040,1066]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" reason="3">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF872445FF28FBE0FE471859" bold="true" box="[189,457,1040,1066]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">Differential diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF872445FF28FBCFFE241943" blockId="20.[188,1398,1087,1328]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF872445FF28FBCFFE3E182A" baseAuthorityName="Vahl" baseAuthorityYear="1797" box="[189,432,1087,1113]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigerus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF872445FF28FBCFFE3E182A" box="[189,432,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">Lophiomus setigerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to its sibling species 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF872445FCC2FBB0FBB2182A" authorityName="Chen &amp; Lee &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2024" box="[855,1084,1087,1113]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="immaculioralis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF872445FCC2FBB0FBB2182A" box="[855,1084,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">Lm. immaculioralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F1CF2036FF872445FBD7FBB0FB121829" box="[1090,1180,1088,1114]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in the brown body coloration and pectoral-fin ray counts. However, it differs by having a higher count of dorsal-fin spines (6 vs 
<quantity id="1F70ECBAFF872445FF4BFB77FE8418D2" box="[222,266,1159,1186]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF872445FE84FB78FE7818D2" authorityName="Chen &amp; Lee &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2024" box="[273,502,1159,1185]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="immaculioralis">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF872445FE84FB78FE7818D2" box="[273,502,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">Lm. immaculioralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), an esca that is mostly pennant-like (tassel-like flap in 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF872445FB15FB78FAE818D2" authorityName="Chen &amp; Lee &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2024" box="[1152,1382,1159,1185]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="immaculioralis">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF872445FB15FB78FAE818D2" box="[1152,1382,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">Lm. immaculioralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), peritoneum with gray pigmentation (lacking dark or gray pigmentation in 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF872445FBD3FB5BFABE18B6" authorityName="Chen &amp; Lee &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2024" box="[1094,1328,1195,1221]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="immaculioralis">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF872445FBD3FB5BFABE18B6" box="[1094,1328,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">Lm. immaculioralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and a dark floor of the mouth with circular or irregular light patterns (absence of distinct dark markings in 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF872445FF48FB03FE48197F" authorityName="Chen &amp; Lee &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2024" box="[221,454,1266,1292]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="immaculioralis">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF872445FF48FB03FE48197F" box="[221,454,1266,1292]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">Lm. immaculioralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The molecular diagnosis is elaborated in the differential diagnosis section of 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF872445FF2AFAE7FE2C1943" authorityName="Chen &amp; Lee &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2024" box="[191,418,1302,1328]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="immaculioralis">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF872445FF2AFAE7FE2C1943" box="[191,418,1302,1328]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">Lm. immaculioralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF872445FF28FAA8FE5F1A56" blockId="20.[189,1399,1368,1573]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">
This species also shares similarities with the newly described species 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF872445FC7BFAA9FBF41901" authorityName="Chen &amp; Lee &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2024" box="[1006,1146,1369,1394]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carusoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF872445FC7BFAA9FBF41901" box="[1006,1146,1369,1394]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">Lm. carusoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F1CF2036FF872445FB14FAA8FB521901" box="[1153,1244,1368,1394]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in the brown body coloration but differs in having lower counts of dorsal-fin spines (21–23, mostly 22 vs 
<quantity id="1F70ECBAFF872445FA98FA8CFAF919E5" box="[1293,1399,1404,1430]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.968999999999999" metricValueMax="6.096" metricValueMin="5.842" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" unit="in" value="23.5" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="23.0">23–24 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF872445FF28FA50FEC219CA" authorityName="Chen &amp; Lee &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2024" box="[189,332,1440,1465]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carusoi">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF872445FF28FA50FEC219CA" box="[189,332,1440,1465]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">Lm. carusoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<tableCitation id="950A74E4FF872445FECBFA6FFE3419C9" box="[350,442,1439,1466]" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="15.[186,256,703,731]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Table 6. Frequency distribution of left (upper row) and right (lower row) pectoral-fin rays and vertebrae meristic counts of species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883 described in this study. The star mark indicates the count of the name-bearing type. Abbreviations: Mean = arithmetic mean of meristic counts; N = number of examined specimens." pageId="20" pageNumber="259">Table 6</tableCitation>
), a narrower HW (37.4–59.2% HL vs 58.1–68.6% HL in 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF872445FBEDFA50FA8919CA" authorityName="Chen &amp; Lee &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2024" box="[1144,1287,1440,1465]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carusoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF872445FBEDFA50FA8919CA" box="[1144,1287,1440,1465]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">Lm. carusoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F1CF2036FF872445FA84FA50FAFC19C9" box="[1297,1394,1440,1466]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; 
<tableCitation id="950A74E4FF872445FF28FA33FE9819AE" box="[189,278,1475,1501]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="13.[185,255,622,650]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Table 4. Measurements expressed in percent (%) of head lengths of species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883 described in this study. Values are expressed as ranges; values in parentheses are means±standard deviations. Definitions and measurement abbreviations follow Caruso (1981). Abbreviations: HT = Holotype; N/A = unavailable; NT = neotype; ST = syntypes." pageId="20" pageNumber="259">Table 4</tableCitation>
), a narrower ISP (33.0–49.0% HL vs 48.6–56.7% HL in 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF872445FC27FA34FBB019AE" authorityName="Chen &amp; Lee &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2024" box="[946,1086,1476,1501]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carusoi">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF872445FC27FA34FBB019AE" box="[946,1086,1476,1501]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">Lm. carusoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<tableCitation id="950A74E4FF872445FBDBFA33FB2919AE" box="[1102,1191,1475,1501]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="13.[185,255,622,650]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Table 4. Measurements expressed in percent (%) of head lengths of species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883 described in this study. Values are expressed as ranges; values in parentheses are means±standard deviations. Definitions and measurement abbreviations follow Caruso (1981). Abbreviations: HT = Holotype; N/A = unavailable; NT = neotype; ST = syntypes." pageId="20" pageNumber="259">Table 4</tableCitation>
), and a dark floor of the mouth with circular or irregular light patterns (a light floor of the mouth with a reticulate dark pattern in 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF872445FEA1F9FBFE4E1A57" authorityName="Chen &amp; Lee &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2024" box="[308,448,1547,1572]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carusoi">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF872445FEA1F9FBFE4E1A57" box="[308,448,1547,1572]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">Lm. carusoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF872445FF28F9BCFC471AA1" blockId="20.[188,1399,1612,1746]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">
Furthermore, this species can be distinguished from the potentially sympatric newly described species, 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF872445FF28F981FEF71AF9" authorityName="Chen &amp; Lee &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2024" box="[189,377,1649,1674]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigriventris" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF872445FF28F981FEF71AF9" box="[189,377,1649,1674]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">Lm. nigriventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F1CF2036FF872445FEEAF981FE551AF8" box="[383,475,1649,1675]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, by its brown body coloration (pale khaki of 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF872445FC77F981FB111AF9" authorityName="Chen &amp; Lee &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2024" box="[994,1183,1649,1674]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigriventris">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF872445FC77F981FB111AF9" box="[994,1183,1649,1674]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">Lm. nigriventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), gray peritoneum (dark in 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF872445FEB0F965FE6C1ADD" authorityName="Chen &amp; Lee &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2024" box="[293,482,1685,1710]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigriventris">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF872445FEB0F965FE6C1ADD" box="[293,482,1685,1710]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">Lm. nigriventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and a dark floor of the mouth with circular or irregular light patterns (light floor of the mouth with reticulate dark pattern in 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF872445FD6EF949FC361AA1" authorityName="Chen &amp; Lee &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2024" box="[763,952,1721,1746]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigriventris">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF872445FD6EF949FC361AA1" box="[763,952,1721,1746]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">Lm. nigriventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="909212D4FF872444FF28F909FEE21982" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="260" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="D837415FFF872445FF28F909FE241B60" blockId="20.[189,426,1785,1811]" box="[189,426,1785,1811]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">
<heading id="837FF633FF872445FF28F909FE241B60" bold="true" box="[189,426,1785,1811]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" reason="3">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF872445FF28F909FE241B60" bold="true" box="[189,426,1785,1811]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF872445FF7FF8D9FDAD1B37" blockId="20.[188,1398,1833,1967]" box="[234,547,1833,1860]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF872445FF7FF8D9FEDF1B30" bold="true" box="[234,337,1833,1859]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">
<typeStatus id="0733FFFDFF872445FF7FF8D9FEDF1B30" box="[234,337,1833,1859]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(designated here)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF872445FF28F8BDFA8B1BDD" blockId="20.[188,1398,1833,1967]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">
<materialsCitation id="68E04B02FF872445FF28F8BDFA8B1BDD" collectingDate="2012-04-13" collectionCode="COI" country="Taiwan" elevation="150" location="Donggang fish port" municipality="Taiwan" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" specimenCode="NTUM10408" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pingtung County" typeStatus="neotype">
TAIWAN STRAIT • 155.0 mm SL, sample ID: WJC0905; 
<collectingCountry id="A09F01CFFF872445FC12F8BCFC6E1B15" box="[903,992,1868,1894]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="1A4C8FBDFF872445FC7BF8BCFB341B14" box="[1006,1210,1868,1895]" country="Taiwan" name="Pingtung" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">Pingtung County</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="DD571784FF872445FB5DF8BDFF7E1BF8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5021F049FF872448FDDAFEF8FAF619CF:DD571784FF872445FB5DF8BDFF7E1BF8" country="Taiwan" municipality="Taiwan" name="Donggang fish port" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" stateProvince="Pingtung County">Donggang fish port</location>
; ca 
<quantity id="1F70ECBAFF872445FE89F880FE2E1BF8" box="[284,416,1904,1931]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" unit="m" value="150.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="100.0">
<elevation id="53A5A66CFF872445FE89F880FE2E1BF8" box="[284,416,1904,1931]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" unit="m" value="150.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="100.0">100–200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
deep; 
<date id="AC36679FFF872445FE78F880FD061BF9" box="[493,648,1904,1930]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" value="2012-04-13">
<collectingDate id="BC729E77FF872445FE78F880FD061BF9" box="[493,648,1904,1930]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259" value="2012-04-13">13 Apr. 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
; GenBank nos: 
<accessionNumber id="C7DBDCBCFF872445FCD5F880FC4F1BF9" box="[832,961,1904,1930]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">OR262148</accessionNumber>
(
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF872445FC44F881FB8A1BF8" box="[977,1028,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">COI</emphasis>
), 
<accessionNumber id="C7DBDCBCFF872445FB89F880FB121BF8" box="[1052,1180,1904,1931]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">OR257544</accessionNumber>
(
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF872445FB38F880FB501BF9" box="[1197,1246,1904,1930]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">cytb</emphasis>
), 
<accessionNumber id="C7DBDCBCFF872445FB63F880FAF81BF8" box="[1270,1398,1904,1931]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">OR260582</accessionNumber>
(
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF872445FF52F864FEB31BDD" box="[199,317,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">rhodopsin</emphasis>
), 
<accessionNumber id="C7DBDCBCFF872445FEC3F864FE581BDC" box="[342,470,1940,1967]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">OR257559</accessionNumber>
(
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF872445FE72F864FDA11BDD" box="[487,559,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">RAG1</emphasis>
), 
<accessionNumber id="C7DBDCBCFF872445FDDDF864FD461BDC" box="[584,712,1940,1967]" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">OR260592</accessionNumber>
(
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF872445FD4CF864FC821BDD" box="[729,780,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">COI</emphasis>
-like pseudogene); Voucher: 
<specimenCode id="882EE924FF872445FBC8F864FA8F1BDD" box="[1117,1281,1940,1966]" collectionCode="NTUM" pageId="20" pageNumber="259">NTUM10408</specimenCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF862444FF7FFEF9FE411D51" blockId="21.[189,1399,264,570]" box="[234,463,264,291]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF862444FF7FFEF9FE411D51" bold="true" box="[234,463,264,291]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">Non-type material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF862444FF28FEDBFB6E1E4A" blockId="21.[189,1399,264,570]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">
NORTHWEST PACIFIC • 
<materialsCitation id="68E04B02FF862444FD90FEDBFCD31DF8" collectingDate="2018-01-28" collectionCode="COI" collectorName="GenBank &amp; Voucher" country="Japan" elevation="150" location="Mimase fish port" municipality="Tosa Bay" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" specimenCode="NTUM14414" specimenCount="1">
<quantity id="1F70ECBAFF862444FD90FEDBFDF11D35" box="[517,639,299,326]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.843" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" unit="mm" value="284.3">284.3 mm</quantity>
SL, sample ID: WJC7223; 
<collectingCountry id="A09F01CFFF862444FC45FEDCFB981D35" box="[976,1046,300,326]" name="Japan" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">Japan</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="3853DB25FF862444FBB6FEDCFB1A1D35" box="[1059,1172,300,326]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">Tosa Bay</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="DD571784FF862444FB36FEDBFAFC1D35" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5021F049FF872448FDDAFEF8FAF619CF:DD571784FF862444FB36FEDBFAFC1D35" box="[1187,1394,299,326]" country="Japan" municipality="Tosa Bay" name="Mimase fish port" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">Mimase fish port</location>
; ca 
<quantity id="1F70ECBAFF862444FF76FEBEFEE21D1A" box="[227,364,334,361]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" unit="m" value="150.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="100.0">
<elevation id="53A5A66CFF862444FF76FEBEFEE21D1A" box="[227,364,334,361]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" unit="m" value="150.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="100.0">100–200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
deep; 
<date id="AC36679FFF862444FE56FEBEFDEA1D1B" box="[451,612,334,361]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" value="2018-01-28">
<collectingDate id="BC729E77FF862444FE56FEBEFDEA1D1B" box="[451,612,334,361]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" value="2018-01-28">28 Jan. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
; GenBank nos: 
<accessionNumber id="C7DBDCBCFF862444FCB9FEBEFC221D1A" box="[812,940,334,361]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">OR262050</accessionNumber>
(
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF862444FC57FEBFFC7B1D1A" box="[962,1013,335,361]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">COI</emphasis>
), 
<accessionNumber id="C7DBDCBCFF862444FB87FEBEFB1C1D1A" box="[1042,1170,334,361]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">OR257546</accessionNumber>
(
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF862444FB3DFEBEFB571D1B" box="[1192,1241,334,360]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">cytb</emphasis>
), 
<accessionNumber id="C7DBDCBCFF862444FB63FEBEFAF81D1A" box="[1270,1398,334,361]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">OR260589</accessionNumber>
(
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF862444FF52FE81FEB31DF8" box="[199,317,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">rhodopsin</emphasis>
), 
<accessionNumber id="C7DBDCBCFF862444FEC2FE81FE591DFF" box="[343,471,369,396]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">OR257560</accessionNumber>
(
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF862444FE7FFE81FDBF1DF8" box="[490,561,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">RAG1</emphasis>
); Voucher: 
<specimenCode id="882EE924FF862444FD28FE81FCD31DF8" box="[701,861,369,395]" collectionCode="NTUM" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">NTUM14414</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="68E04B02FF862444FCEDFE81FD591DDD" collectingDate="2018-01-28" collectionCode="NTUM" collectorName="Voucher" country="Japan" elevation="150" location="Mimase" municipality="Tosa Bay" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" specimenCode="NTUM14414" specimenCount="1">
<quantity id="1F70ECBAFF862444FCEDFE81FC7E1DFF" box="[888,1008,369,396]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.711" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" unit="mm" value="271.1">271.1 mm</quantity>
SL, sample ID: WJC7224; same data as for preceding; Voucher: 
<specimenCode id="882EE924FF862444FDA2FE64FD591DDD" box="[567,727,404,430]" collectionCode="NTUM" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">NTUM14414</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="68E04B02FF862444FD67FE64FDDD1DA3" collectingDate="2018-01-28" collectionCode="NTUM" collectorName="Voucher" country="Japan" elevation="150" location="Mimase" municipality="Tosa Bay" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" specimenCode="NTUM14414" specimenCount="1">
<quantity id="1F70ECBAFF862444FD67FE64FCE51DDD" box="[754,875,404,430]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.943" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" unit="mm" value="194.3">194.3 mm</quantity>
SL, sample ID: WJC7225; same data as for preceding; Voucher: 
<specimenCode id="882EE924FF862444FE26FE46FDDD1DA3" box="[435,595,438,464]" collectionCode="NTUM" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">NTUM14414</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="68E04B02FF862444FDFBFE46FE5E1D80" collectingDate="2018-01-28" collectionCode="NTUM" collectorName="Voucher" country="Japan" elevation="150" location="Mimase" municipality="Tosa Bay" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" specimenCode="NTUM14414" specimenCount="1">
<quantity id="1F70ECBAFF862444FDFBFE46FD681DA2" box="[622,742,438,465]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.108" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" unit="mm" value="210.8">210.8 mm</quantity>
SL, sample ID: WJC7226; same data as for preceding; Voucher: 
<specimenCode id="882EE924FF862444FEA5FE29FE5E1D80" box="[304,464,473,499]" collectionCode="NTUM" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">NTUM14414</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="68E04B02FF862444FE7BFE29FED31E65" collectingDate="2018-01-28" collectionCode="NTUM" collectorName="Voucher" country="Japan" elevation="150" location="Mimase" municipality="Tosa Bay" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" specimenCode="NTUM14414" specimenCount="1">
<quantity id="1F70ECBAFF862444FE7BFE29FDE61D87" box="[494,616,473,500]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9809999999999999" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" unit="mm" value="198.1">198.1 mm</quantity>
SL, sample ID: WJC7226; same data as for preceding; Voucher: 
<specimenCode id="882EE924FF862444FF28FE0CFED31E65" box="[189,349,508,534]" collectionCode="NTUM" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">NTUM14414</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="68E04B02FF862444FEE6FE0CFB521E4A" collectingDate="2018-01-31" collectionCode="COI" collectorName="GenBank &amp; Voucher" country="Japan" elevation="150" location="Saga fish port" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" specimenCode="NTUM14414" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tosa Bay">
<quantity id="1F70ECBAFF862444FEE6FE0CFE541E64" box="[371,474,508,535]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.19" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" unit="mm" value="81.9">81.9 mm</quantity>
SL, sample ID: WJC7283; 
<collectingCountry id="A09F01CFFF862444FC8CFE0DFCD11E64" box="[793,863,509,535]" name="Japan" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">Japan</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="1A4C8FBDFF862444FCFCFE0DFC581E64" box="[873,982,509,535]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">Tosa Bay</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="DD571784FF862444FC75FE0CFB0D1E64" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5021F049FF872448FDDAFEF8FAF619CF:DD571784FF862444FC75FE0CFB0D1E64" box="[992,1155,508,535]" country="Japan" name="Saga fish port" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" stateProvince="Tosa Bay">Saga fish port</location>
; ca 
<quantity id="1F70ECBAFF862444FB38FE0CFABF1E64" box="[1197,1329,508,535]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" unit="m" value="150.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="100.0">
<elevation id="53A5A66CFF862444FB38FE0CFABF1E64" box="[1197,1329,508,535]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" unit="m" value="150.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="100.0">100–200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
deep; 
<date id="AC36679FFF862444FF28FDEFFEDB1E4A" box="[189,341,543,569]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" value="2018-01-31">
<collectingDate id="BC729E77FF862444FF28FDEFFEDB1E4A" box="[189,341,543,569]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" value="2018-01-31">31 Jan. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
; GenBank nos: 
<accessionNumber id="C7DBDCBCFF862444FD85FDEFFD1F1E49" box="[528,657,543,570]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">OR262051</accessionNumber>
(
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF862444FD37FDEFFD5B1E4A" box="[674,725,543,569]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">COI</emphasis>
), 
<accessionNumber id="C7DBDCBCFF862444FD78FDEFFCE01E49" box="[749,878,543,570]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">OR257551</accessionNumber>
(
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF862444FCEAFDEFFC3E1E4A" box="[895,944,543,569]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">cytb</emphasis>
); Voucher: 
<specimenCode id="882EE924FF862444FBACFDEFFB521E4A" box="[1081,1244,543,569]" collectionCode="NTUM" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">NTUM14414</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF862444FF28FD90FAB51EB3" blockId="21.[189,1399,606,705]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">
PHILIPPINE SEA • 
<materialsCitation id="68E04B02FF862444FE56FD90FCD01EED" collectingDate="2007-05-20" collectionCode="ASIZP" country="Philippines" elevation="0" latitude="16.108334" location="Aurora" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="121.99583" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" specimenCode="ASIZP67752" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Aurora">
77.0 mm SL; 
<collectingCountry id="A09F01CFFF862444FDE2FD90FD701E09" box="[631,766,608,634]" name="Philippines" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="1A4C8FBDFF862444FC9AFD90FCEB1E09" box="[783,869,608,634]" country="Philippines" name="Aurora" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">Aurora</collectingRegion>
, stn CP2653; 
<geoCoordinate id="BDBC2798FF862444FB8EFD90FB4C1E09" box="[1051,1218,606,634]" degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" precision="15" seconds="45" value="121.99583">121°59′45″ E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="BDBC2798FF862444FB40FDAEFAFF1E09" box="[1237,1393,606,634]" degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="06" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" precision="15" seconds="30" value="16.108334">16°06′30″ N</geoCoordinate>
; 82.7 ± 50 m deep; 
<date id="AC36679FFF862444FE0EFD73FDCC1EEE" box="[411,578,643,670]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" value="2007-05-20">
<collectingDate id="BC729E77FF862444FE0EFD73FDCC1EEE" box="[411,578,643,670]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" value="2007-05-20">20 May 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
; Voucher: 
<specimenCode id="882EE924FF862444FD56FD73FCD01EED" box="[707,862,643,670]" collectionCode="ASIZP" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zgdx-i3kf" name="Academia Sinica Institute of Zoology, Ichthyology Collection" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">ASIZP67752</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="68E04B02FF862444FCEBFD73FAB91EB3" collectingDate="2007-05-20" collectionCode="ASIZP" country="Philippines" elevation="103" latitude="16.07889" location="Aurora" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="121.95833" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" specimenCode="ASIZP67786" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Aurora">
99.0 mm SL; same data as for preceding, stn CP2654; 
<geoCoordinate id="BDBC2798FF862444FEC0FD56FE7B1EB2" box="[341,501,677,705]" degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" precision="15" seconds="30" value="121.95833">121°57′30″ E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="BDBC2798FF862444FD97FD55FD191EB2" box="[514,663,677,705]" degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="04" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" precision="15" seconds="44" value="16.07889">16°04′44″ N</geoCoordinate>
; 
<quantity id="1F70ECBAFF862444FD31FD56FCBE1EB2" box="[676,816,678,705]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.027" metricValueMax="1.0699999999999998" metricValueMin="0.984" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" unit="m" value="102.7" valueMax="107.0" valueMin="98.4">
<elevation id="53A5A66CFF862444FD31FD56FCBE1EB2" box="[676,816,678,705]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.027" metricValueMax="1.0699999999999998" metricValueMin="0.984" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" unit="m" value="102.7" valueMax="107.0" valueMin="98.4">98.4–107 m</elevation>
</quantity>
deep; 
<date id="AC36679FFF862444FCEBFD56FB901EB3" box="[894,1054,678,705]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" value="2007-05-20">
<collectingDate id="BC729E77FF862444FCEBFD56FB901EB3" box="[894,1054,678,705]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" value="2007-05-20">20 May 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
; Voucher: 
<specimenCode id="882EE924FF862444FB0CFD56FAB91EB3" box="[1177,1335,678,704]" collectionCode="ASIZP" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zgdx-i3kf" name="Academia Sinica Institute of Zoology, Ichthyology Collection" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">ASIZP67786</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF862444FF28FD17FE5B1F34" blockId="21.[189,1399,743,839]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">
SOUTH 
<collectingCountry id="A09F01CFFF862444FEB2FD17FE0C1F72" box="[295,386,743,769]" name="China" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">CHINA</collectingCountry>
SEA • 
<materialsCitation id="68E04B02FF862444FE4EFD17FE5C1F34" collectingDate="2010-07-27" collectionCode="RAG, NTUM" elevation="150" location="Sanya fish port" municipality="China" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" specimenCode="NTUM10413" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hainan">
107.0 mm SL, sample ID: WJC1791; 
<collectingMunicipality id="3853DB25FF862444FC08FD17FC681F72" box="[925,998,743,769]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">China</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingRegion id="1A4C8FBDFF862444FC66FD17FBC51F72" box="[1011,1099,743,769]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">Hainan</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="DD571784FF862444FBC2FD17FA831F71" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5021F049FF872448FDDAFEF8FAF619CF:DD571784FF862444FBC2FD17FA831F71" box="[1111,1293,743,770]" municipality="China" name="Sanya fish port" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" stateProvince="Hainan">Sanya fish port</location>
; ca 
<quantity id="1F70ECBAFF862444FAA9FD17FE881F56" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" unit="m" value="150.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="100.0">
<elevation id="53A5A66CFF862444FAA9FD17FE881F56" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" unit="m" value="150.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="100.0">100– 200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
deep; 
<date id="AC36679FFF862444FEC4FCFAFE6F1F57" box="[337,481,778,804]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" value="2010-07-27">
<collectingDate id="BC729E77FF862444FEC4FCFAFE6F1F57" box="[337,481,778,804]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" value="2010-07-27">27 Jul. 2010</collectingDate>
</date>
; GenBank nos: 
<accessionNumber id="C7DBDCBCFF862444FD02FCFAFC961F56" box="[663,792,778,805]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">OR257545</accessionNumber>
(
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF862444FCB2FCFAFCD61F57" box="[807,856,778,804]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">cytb</emphasis>
), 
<accessionNumber id="C7DBDCBCFF862444FCFAFCFAFC7E1F56" box="[879,1008,778,805]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">OR260585</accessionNumber>
(
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF862444FC6AFCFAFBFB1F57" box="[1023,1141,778,804]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">rhodopsin</emphasis>
), 
<accessionNumber id="C7DBDCBCFF862444FB18FCFAFA801F56" box="[1165,1294,778,805]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">OR257561</accessionNumber>
(
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF862444FA88FCFAFAEA1F57" box="[1309,1380,778,804]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">RAG1</emphasis>
); Voucher: 
<specimenCode id="882EE924FF862444FEBBFCDDFE5C1F34" box="[302,466,813,839]" collectionCode="NTUM" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">NTUM10413</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF862444FF28FC9EFB4D1F82" blockId="21.[189,1399,878,1010]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">
<collectingCountry id="A09F01CFFF862444FF28FC9EFEA01FFB" box="[189,302,878,904]" name="Taiwan" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">TAIWAN</collectingCountry>
STRAIT • 
<materialsCitation id="68E04B02FF862444FE55FC9EFC261FDF" collectingDate="2017-02-27" collectionCode="NTUM" country="Taiwan" elevation="150" location="Donggang fish port" municipality="Taiwan" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" specimenCode="NTUM15739" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pingtung County">
<quantity id="1F70ECBAFF862444FE55FC9EFDA21FFB" box="[448,556,878,904]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.93" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" unit="mm" value="69.3">69.3 mm</quantity>
SL, sample ID: WJC7008; 
<collectingCountry id="A09F01CFFF862444FC16FC9EFC521FFB" box="[899,988,878,904]" name="Taiwan" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="1A4C8FBDFF862444FC7EFC9EFB361FFB" box="[1003,1208,878,904]" country="Taiwan" name="Pingtung" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">Pingtung County</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="DD571784FF862444FB52FC9EFF7E1FDF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5021F049FF872448FDDAFEF8FAF619CF:DD571784FF862444FB52FC9EFF7E1FDF" country="Taiwan" municipality="Taiwan" name="Donggang fish port" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" stateProvince="Pingtung County">Donggang fish port</location>
; ca 
<quantity id="1F70ECBAFF862444FE88FC61FE2C1FDF" box="[285,418,913,940]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" unit="m" value="150.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="100.0">
<elevation id="53A5A66CFF862444FE88FC61FE2C1FDF" box="[285,418,913,940]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" unit="m" value="150.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="100.0">100–200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
deep; 
<date id="AC36679FFF862444FE65FC61FD031FD8" box="[496,653,913,939]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" value="2017-02-27">
<collectingDate id="BC729E77FF862444FE65FC61FD031FD8" box="[496,653,913,939]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" value="2017-02-27">27 Feb. 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
; Voucher: 
<specimenCode id="882EE924FF862444FC9CFC61FC261FDF" box="[777,936,913,940]" collectionCode="NTUM" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">NTUM15739</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="68E04B02FF862444FC57FC61FB311F82" collectingDate="2015-05-03" collectionCode="RAG, NTUM" country="Taiwan" county="Taiwan" elevation="150" location="Magong third fish port" municipality="Island" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" specimenCode="NTUM14640" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Penghu">
<quantity id="1F70ECBAFF862444FC57FC61FBB71FDF" box="[962,1081,913,940]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.641" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" unit="mm" value="264.1">264.1 mm</quantity>
SL, sample ID: WJC5086; 
<collectingCountry id="A09F01CFFF862444FF28FC44FE981FBD" box="[189,278,948,974]" name="Taiwan" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="1A4C8FBDFF862444FEB2FC44FEF11FBD" box="[295,383,948,974]" country="Taiwan" name="Penghu" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">Penghu</collectingRegion>
<collectingMunicipality id="3853DB25FF862444FE1EFC44FE581FBD" box="[395,470,948,974]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">Island</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="DD571784FF862444FE72FC45FC8D1FBC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5021F049FF872448FDDAFEF8FAF619CF:DD571784FF862444FE72FC45FC8D1FBC" box="[487,771,948,975]" country="Taiwan" county="Taiwan" municipality="Island" name="Magong third fish port" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" stateProvince="Penghu">Magong third fish port</location>
; ca 
<quantity id="1F70ECBAFF862444FCAEFC44FC4B1FBC" box="[827,965,948,975]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" unit="m" value="150.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="100.0">
<elevation id="53A5A66CFF862444FCAEFC44FC4B1FBC" box="[827,965,948,975]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" unit="m" value="150.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="100.0">100–200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
deep; 
<date id="AC36679FFF862444FB88FC44FB371FBC" box="[1053,1209,948,975]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" value="2015-05-03">
<collectingDate id="BC729E77FF862444FB88FC44FB371FBC" box="[1053,1209,948,975]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" value="2015-05-03">3 May 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
; GenBank nos: 
<accessionNumber id="C7DBDCBCFF862444FF28FC27FEB01F81" box="[189,318,983,1010]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">OR257549</accessionNumber>
(
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF862444FEDAFC27FE0E1F82" box="[335,384,983,1009]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">cytb</emphasis>
), 
<accessionNumber id="C7DBDCBCFF862444FE0DFC27FD971F81" box="[408,537,983,1010]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">OR260580</accessionNumber>
(
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF862444FDBFFC27FD2E1F82" box="[554,672,983,1009]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">rhodopsin</emphasis>
), 
<accessionNumber id="C7DBDCBCFF862444FD2CFC27FCB41F81" box="[697,826,983,1010]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">OR257558</accessionNumber>
(
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF862444FCDEFC27FC1C1F82" box="[843,914,983,1009]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">RAG1</emphasis>
); Voucher: 
<specimenCode id="882EE924FF862444FB89FC27FB311F82" box="[1052,1215,983,1009]" collectionCode="NTUM" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">NTUM14640</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF862444FF28FBE8FC581955" blockId="21.[186,1398,1048,1318]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">
WEST PACIFIC • 
<materialsCitation id="68E04B02FF862444FE3BFBE8FCC0180B" collectingDate="2013-04-09" collectionCode="COI" collectorName="GenBank" country="Taiwan" elevation="150" latitude="24.940832" location="Dashi fish port" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="121.90083" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" specimenCode="NTUM10414" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yilan County">
180.0 mm SL, sample ID: WJC2070; 
<collectingCountry id="A09F01CFFF862444FC06FBE8FC621841" box="[915,1004,1048,1074]" name="Taiwan" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="1A4C8FBDFF862444FC68FBE8FB2C1841" box="[1021,1186,1048,1074]" country="Taiwan" name="Yilan" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">Yilan County</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="DD571784FF862444FB21FBE8FAFC1841" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5021F049FF872448FDDAFEF8FAF619CF:DD571784FF862444FB21FBE8FAFC1841" box="[1204,1394,1048,1074]" country="Taiwan" latitude="24.940832" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="121.90083" name="Dashi fish port" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" stateProvince="Yilan County">Dashi fish port</location>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="BDBC2798FF862444FF28FBCBFED41825" box="[189,346,1081,1110]" degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" precision="15" seconds="03" value="121.90083">121°54′03″ E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="BDBC2798FF862444FEF1FBCBFE781825" box="[356,502,1081,1110]" degrees="24" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" precision="15" seconds="27" value="24.940832">24°56′27″ N</geoCoordinate>
; ca 
<quantity id="1F70ECBAFF862444FD8BFBCBFD2E1825" box="[542,672,1083,1110]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" unit="m" value="150.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="100.0">
<elevation id="53A5A66CFF862444FD8BFBCBFD2E1825" box="[542,672,1083,1110]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" unit="m" value="150.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="100.0">100–200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
deep; 
<date id="AC36679FFF862444FD72FBCBFCE01826" box="[743,878,1083,1109]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" value="2013-04-09">
<collectingDate id="BC729E77FF862444FD72FBCBFCE01826" box="[743,878,1083,1109]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" value="2013-04-09">9Apr.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
; 
<collectorName id="757D2489FF862444FCE2FBCBFC681826" box="[887,998,1083,1109]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">GenBank</collectorName>
nos: 
<accessionNumber id="C7DBDCBCFF862444FB8AFBCBFB2E1826" box="[1055,1184,1083,1109]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">OR262149</accessionNumber>
(
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF862444FB3BFBCBFB6F1826" box="[1198,1249,1083,1109]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">COI</emphasis>
), 
<accessionNumber id="C7DBDCBCFF862444FB63FBCBFAF81825" box="[1270,1398,1083,1110]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">OR257548</accessionNumber>
(
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF862444FF52FBAEFF76180B" box="[199,248,1118,1144]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">cytb</emphasis>
), 
<accessionNumber id="C7DBDCBCFF862444FE86FBADFE1A180B" box="[275,404,1117,1144]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">OR260583</accessionNumber>
(
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF862444FE3DFBAEFD90180B" box="[424,542,1118,1144]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">rhodopsin</emphasis>
); Voucher: 
<specimenCode id="882EE924FF862444FD3BFBAEFCC0180B" box="[686,846,1118,1144]" collectionCode="NTUM" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">NTUM10414</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="68E04B02FF862444FCF9FBAEFCE018E9" collectingDate="2015-06-16" collectionCode="NTUM" collectorName="Voucher" country="Taiwan" elevation="150" latitude="24.940832" location="Dashi" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="121.90083" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" specimenCode="NTUM16309" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yilan">
204.0 mm SL, sample ID: WJC5434; same data as for preceding; 
<date id="AC36679FFF862444FE28FB70FDDB18E8" box="[445,597,1152,1179]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" value="2015-06-16">
<collectingDate id="BC729E77FF862444FE28FB70FDDB18E8" box="[445,597,1152,1179]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" value="2015-06-16">16 Jun. 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
; Voucher: 
<specimenCode id="882EE924FF862444FD5AFB70FCE018E9" box="[719,878,1152,1178]" collectionCode="NTUM" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">NTUM16309</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="68E04B02FF862444FC10FB70FCFD18CD" collectingDate="2018-04-14" collectionCode="NTUM" collectorName="Voucher" country="Taiwan" elevation="150" latitude="24.940832" location="Dashi" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="121.90083" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" specimenCode="NTUM15875" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yilan">
198.0 mm SL, sample ID: WJC8060; same data as for preceding; 
<date id="AC36679FFF862444FE2AFB53FDD718CE" box="[447,601,1187,1213]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" value="2018-04-14">
<collectingDate id="BC729E77FF862444FE2AFB53FDD718CE" box="[447,601,1187,1213]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" value="2018-04-14">14 Apr. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
; Voucher: 
<specimenCode id="882EE924FF862444FD41FB53FCFD18CD" box="[724,883,1187,1214]" collectionCode="NTUM" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">NTUM15875</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="68E04B02FF862444FC1EFB53FC7C1893" collectingDate="2003-02-27" collectionCode="COI" collectorName="Voucher" country="Taiwan" elevation="150" latitude="24.940832" location="GenBank" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="121.90083" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" specimenCode="ASIZP62543" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yilan">
190.0 mm SL; same data as for preceding; 
<date id="AC36679FFF862444FF28FB36FED41893" box="[189,346,1222,1248]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" value="2003-02-27">
<collectingDate id="BC729E77FF862444FF28FB36FED41893" box="[189,346,1222,1248]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" value="2003-02-27">27 Feb. 2003</collectingDate>
</date>
; GenBank no.: 
<accessionNumber id="C7DBDCBCFF862444FD9AFB36FD021893" box="[527,652,1222,1248]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">KP201930</accessionNumber>
(
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF862444FD0BFB36FD5F1893" box="[670,721,1222,1248]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">COI</emphasis>
); Voucher: 
<specimenCode id="882EE924FF862444FCC2FB35FC7C1893" box="[855,1010,1221,1248]" collectionCode="ASIZP" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zgdx-i3kf" name="Academia Sinica Institute of Zoology, Ichthyology Collection" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">ASIZP62543</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="68E04B02FF862444FB9FFB36FC521970" collectingDate="2003-02-27" collectionCode="COI" collectorName="Voucher" country="Taiwan" elevation="150" latitude="24.940832" location="GenBank" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="121.90083" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" specimenCode="ASIZP62544" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yilan">
193.0 mm SL; same data as for preceding; GenBank no.: 
<accessionNumber id="C7DBDCBCFF862444FE67FB18FDE11971" box="[498,623,1256,1282]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">KP201929</accessionNumber>
(
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF862444FD16FB19FD381970" box="[643,694,1257,1283]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">COI</emphasis>
); Voucher: 
<specimenCode id="882EE924FF862444FCD7FB18FC521970" box="[834,988,1256,1283]" collectionCode="ASIZP" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zgdx-i3kf" name="Academia Sinica Institute of Zoology, Ichthyology Collection" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">ASIZP62544</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="68E04B02FF862444FC6FFB18FC5C1955" collectingDate="2003-02-27" collectionCode="COI" collectorName="Voucher" country="Taiwan" elevation="150" latitude="24.940832" location="GenBank" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="121.90083" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" specimenCode="ASIZP62545" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yilan">
165.0 mm SL; same data as for preceding; GenBank no.: 
<accessionNumber id="C7DBDCBCFF862444FE7FFAFBFDE61956" box="[490,616,1291,1317]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">KP201931</accessionNumber>
(
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF862444FDECFAFBFD221956" box="[633,684,1291,1317]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">COI</emphasis>
); Voucher: 
<specimenCode id="882EE924FF862444FCA6FAFBFC5C1955" box="[819,978,1291,1318]" collectionCode="ASIZP" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zgdx-i3kf" name="Academia Sinica Institute of Zoology, Ichthyology Collection" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">ASIZP62545</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF862444FF7FFABCFD8E1915" blockId="21.[189,1399,1356,1521]" box="[234,512,1356,1382]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF862444FF7FFABCFD8E1915" bold="true" box="[234,512,1356,1382]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">Comparative material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF862444FF7FFA9EFD5319FB" blockId="21.[189,1399,1356,1521]" box="[234,733,1390,1417]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF862444FF7FFA9EFD5319FB" bold="true" box="[234,733,1390,1417]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">
<typeStatus id="0733FFFDFF862444FF7FFA9EFED419FB" box="[234,346,1390,1416]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF862444FE17FA9EFD5319FB" authority="Alock, 1889" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1889" box="[386,733,1390,1417]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF862444FE17FA9EFDCB19FA" bold="true" box="[386,581,1390,1417]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">Lophius indicus</emphasis>
Alock, 1889
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF862444FF28FA61FEE21982" blockId="21.[189,1399,1356,1521]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">
INDIAN OCEAN • 
<materialsCitation id="68E04B02FF862444FE20FA61FC9419BC" collectionCode="BMNH" country="India" elevation="51" location="Bay of Bengal" municipality="Ganjam" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" specimenCode="BMNH 1890.11.28.45" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
<quantity id="1F70ECBAFF862444FE20FA61FDAC19DF" box="[437,546,1425,1452]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.64" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" unit="mm" value="66.4">66.4 mm</quantity>
SL; 
<collectingCountry id="A09F01CFFF862444FDF4FA61FD2E19D8" box="[609,672,1425,1451]" name="India" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">India</collectingCountry>
, 
<location id="DD571784FF862444FD25FA62FCEA19D8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5021F049FF872448FDDAFEF8FAF619CF:DD571784FF862444FD25FA62FCEA19D8" box="[688,868,1425,1452]" country="India" municipality="Ganjam" name="Bay of Bengal" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">Bay of Bengal</location>
, 
<locationDeviation id="C985587DFF862444FCE6FA61FA8D19D8" box="[883,1283,1425,1452]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">
<quantity id="1F70ECBAFF862444FCE6FA61FC3C19D8" box="[883,946,1425,1451]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
(
<quantity id="1F70ECBAFF862444FC53FA61FBAF19DF" box="[966,1057,1425,1452]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.04672" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" unit="mi" value="5.0">5 miles</quantity>
) south of Ganjam
</locationDeviation>
; ca 
<quantity id="1F70ECBAFF862444FAA2FA61FAF919DF" box="[1335,1399,1425,1452]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" unit="m" value="51.0">
<elevation id="53A5A66CFF862444FAA2FA61FAF919DF" box="[1335,1399,1425,1452]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" unit="m" value="51.0">51 m</elevation>
</quantity>
(28 fathoms) deep; Voucher: 
<specimenCode id="882EE924FF862444FD86FA45FC9419BC" box="[531,794,1460,1487]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">BMNH 1890.11.28.45</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="68E04B02FF862444FCA6FA44FEE61982" collectionCode="BMNH" country="India" elevation="51" location="Bay of Bengal" municipality="Ganjam" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" specimenCode="BMNH 1890.11.28.46" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
<quantity id="1F70ECBAFF862444FCA6FA44FC1219BC" box="[819,924,1460,1487]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.53" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" unit="mm" value="35.3">35.3 mm</quantity>
SL; same data as for preceding; 
<specimenCode id="882EE924FF862444FA8AFA45FEE61982" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">BMNH 1890.11.28.46</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="909212D4FF862449FF28F9E8FAAE18FC" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="263" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" type="description">
<paragraph id="D837415FFF862444FF28F9E8FE511A41" blockId="21.[189,479,1560,1586]" box="[189,479,1560,1586]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">
<heading id="837FF633FF862444FF28F9E8FE511A41" bold="true" box="[189,479,1560,1586]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="260" reason="3">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF862444FF28F9E8FE511A41" bold="true" box="[189,479,1560,1586]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">Redescription of adults</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF862444FF28F9B7FED91ABA" blockId="21.[189,1399,1606,1737]" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">
<smallCapsWord id="DED1D783FF862444FF28F9B7FEE01A2C" baselines="1626,1626" box="[189,366,1607,1633]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Measurements" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">MEASUREMENTS</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="DED1D783FF862444FEE0F9BCFE2C1A2C" baselines="1626" box="[373,418,1612,1631]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="and" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">AND</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="DED1D783FF862444FE3CF9BCFD841A2C" baselines="1626" box="[425,522,1612,1631]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="meristic" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">MERISTIC</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="DED1D783FF862444FD84F9BCFDEA1A2C" baselines="1626" box="[529,612,1612,1631]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="counts" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">COUNTS</smallCapsWord>
. Morphometric values given in 
<tableCitation id="950A74E4FF862444FC4EF9B6FBB31A13" box="[987,1085,1606,1632]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="12.[186,256,660,688]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Table 3. Standard length and the measurements expressed in percent (%) of standard length of species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883 described in this study. Values are expressed as ranges; values in parentheses are means ±standard deviations. Definitions and measurement abbreviations follow Caruso (1981). Abbreviations: HT = Holotype; N/A = unavailable; NT = neotype; ST = syntypes." pageId="21" pageNumber="260">Tables 3</tableCitation>
and 
<tableCitation id="950A74E4FF862444FBE0F9B6FB091A13" box="[1141,1159,1606,1632]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="13.[185,255,622,650]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Table 4. Measurements expressed in percent (%) of head lengths of species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883 described in this study. Values are expressed as ranges; values in parentheses are means±standard deviations. Definitions and measurement abbreviations follow Caruso (1981). Abbreviations: HT = Holotype; N/A = unavailable; NT = neotype; ST = syntypes." pageId="21" pageNumber="260">4</tableCitation>
. Dorsal-fin spines 6; dorsal-fin rays 8; anal-fin rays 6; pectoral-fin rays 21–23; pelvic-fin rays 6–7; branchiostegal rays 5; quadrate spine 1; interopercular spines 2; vertebrae 18–19; outermost row of premaxillary teeth 17–24 (
<tableCitation id="950A74E4FF862444FF50F95EFEC51ABA" box="[197,331,1710,1737]" captionStart-0="Table 5" captionStart-1="Table 6" captionStartId-0="14.[187,257,727,755]" captionStartId-1="15.[186,256,703,731]" captionTargetPageId-0="14" captionTargetPageId-1="15" captionText-0="Table 5. Meristic counts of species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883 described in this study. Values are counted from both sides and expressed as ranges; values expressed in parentheses indicate counts from the right side. Abbreviations: HT = Holotype; N/A = unavailable; NT = neotype; ST = syntypes." captionText-1="Table 6. Frequency distribution of left (upper row) and right (lower row) pectoral-fin rays and vertebrae meristic counts of species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883 described in this study. The star mark indicates the count of the name-bearing type. Abbreviations: Mean = arithmetic mean of meristic counts; N = number of examined specimens." pageId="21" pageNumber="260">Tables 5–6</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF862449FF28F91FFB621E61" blockId="21.[189,1399,1774,2005]" lastBlockId="24.[187,1400,265,530]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="263" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">
<smallCapsWord id="DED1D783FF862444FF28F91FFF721B74" baselines="1794,1794" box="[189,252,1775,1801]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Head" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">HEAD</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="DED1D783FF862444FE91F904FEBE1B74" baselines="1794" box="[260,304,1780,1799]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="and" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">AND</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="DED1D783FF862444FEACF904FEFD1B74" baselines="1794" box="[313,371,1780,1799]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="body" pageId="21" pageNumber="260">BODY</smallCapsWord>
. Head length short to moderately long (27.3%–36.7% of SL, mean 32.1±0.02%); head width relatively narrow to moderately wide (37.4%–59.2% of HL (mean 54.5 ±0.05%); eyes suboval; anterior half of premaxilla with three rows of enlarged teeth, largest on innermost row, followed by single row of small teeth on posterior half; maxilla toothless; palatine with single row of small teeth, with some enlarged; dentary with three rows of teeth, outer teeth minute and innermost teeth largest; fifth ceratobranchial with two rows of small teeth, forming V-shaped patch; teeth on second and third pharyngobranchials forming small and rounded patches; gill rakers and pseudobranch absent. Palatine spines sharp, with posterior one stronger; frontal ridges and outer surface of maxilla, dentary bones bearing low and conical knobs; hyomandibular and symplectic bones sometimes rugose; frontal spines blunt, with posterior one sharper and stronger; inner sphenotic spines blunt; outer sphenotic spines blunt, stronger than inner one; pterotic spines low, broad, and blunt; parietal, epiotic, and posttemporal spines short and blunt, inconspicuous; articular spines strong and sharp, with single spine anterior to jaw joint; quadrate spines strong and blunt; hyomandibular spines blunt; opercular spines blunt; interopercular spines strong and blunt; subopercular spines strong; cleithral spines strong; humeral spines well developed, with three to four sharp spinelets at its tip; edge of head and caudal peduncle covered by black tendrils.
</paragraph>
<caption id="8CF711D7FF852447FF28F894FBD11B9B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12806115" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12806115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12806115/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="261" startId="22.[189,232,1892,1918]" targetBox="[207,1380,275,1839]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="D837415FFF852447FF28F894FBD11B9B" blockId="22.[188,1399,1892,2025]" pageId="22" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF852447FF28F894FE9C1B0C" bold="true" box="[189,274,1892,1919]" pageId="22" pageNumber="261">Fig. 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF852447FEB4F895FD461B0C" authority="(Vahl, 1797)" baseAuthorityName="Vahl" baseAuthorityYear="1797" box="[289,712,1893,1919]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="261" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigerus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF852447FEB4F895FD921B0C" box="[289,540,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="261">Lophiomus setigerus</emphasis>
(Vahl, 1797)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF852447FD4FF894FC9D1B0D" bold="true" box="[730,787,1892,1918]" pageId="22" pageNumber="261">A–D</emphasis>
. Neotype (NTUM10408, sample ID: WJC0905). 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF852447FF28F878FF781BD1" bold="true" box="[189,246,1928,1954]" pageId="22" pageNumber="261">E–H</emphasis>
. Large specimens (NTUM14414, sample ID: WJC7223). 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF852447FC29F878FC5F1BD1" bold="true" box="[956,977,1928,1954]" pageId="22" pageNumber="261">A</emphasis>
. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF852447FF28F85BFF5F1BB6" bold="true" box="[189,209,1963,1989]" pageId="22" pageNumber="261">B</emphasis>
. Ditto, ventral view. 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF852447FE53F85BFE551BB6" bold="true" box="[454,475,1963,1989]" pageId="22" pageNumber="261">C</emphasis>
. Ditto, fresh specimen. 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF852447FD64F85BFC881BB6" bold="true" box="[753,774,1963,1989]" pageId="22" pageNumber="261">D</emphasis>
. Ditto, floor of mouth. 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF852447FB83F85BFBA41BB6" bold="true" box="[1046,1066,1963,1989]" pageId="22" pageNumber="261">E</emphasis>
. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF852447FE96F83EFE9B1B9B" bold="true" box="[259,277,1998,2024]" pageId="22" pageNumber="261">F</emphasis>
. Ditto, ventral view. 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF852447FD98F83EFDAA1B9B" bold="true" box="[525,548,1998,2024]" pageId="22" pageNumber="261">G</emphasis>
. Ditto, fresh specimen. 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF852447FCA8F83EFCDA1B9B" bold="true" box="[829,852,1998,2024]" pageId="22" pageNumber="261">H</emphasis>
. Ditto, floor of mouth.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="8CF711D7FF842446FF28F917FCC11BFD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12806117" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12806117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12806117/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="262" startId="23.[189,232,1767,1793]" targetBox="[197,1391,275,1711]" targetPageId="23">
<paragraph id="D837415FFF842446FF28F917FCC11BFD" blockId="23.[188,1398,1767,1935]" pageId="23" pageNumber="262">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF842446FF28F917FE841B72" bold="true" box="[189,266,1767,1793]" pageId="23" pageNumber="262">Fig. 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF842446FE84F917FDEA1B72" authority="Alock, 1889" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1889" box="[273,612,1767,1793]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="262" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF842446FE84F917FE451B72" box="[273,459,1767,1793]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="262">Lophius indicus</emphasis>
Alock, 1889
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF842446FDF9F917FD2B1B72" bold="true" box="[620,677,1767,1793]" pageId="23" pageNumber="262">A–D</emphasis>
. Large syntype (BMNH 1890.11.28.45). 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF842446FB1DF917FB4C1B72" bold="true" box="[1160,1218,1767,1793]" pageId="23" pageNumber="262">E–H</emphasis>
. Small syntype (BMNH 1890.11.28.45.46). 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF842446FD93F8FAFD951B57" bold="true" box="[518,539,1802,1828]" pageId="23" pageNumber="262">A</emphasis>
. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF842446FC3AF8FBFC4D1B56" bold="true" box="[943,963,1803,1829]" pageId="23" pageNumber="262">B</emphasis>
. Ditto, ventral view. 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF842446FB21F8FAFB471B57" bold="true" box="[1204,1225,1802,1828]" pageId="23" pageNumber="262">C</emphasis>
. Ditto, floor of mouth. 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF842446FE83F8DEFEA51B3B" bold="true" box="[278,299,1838,1864]" pageId="23" pageNumber="262">D</emphasis>
. Ditto, X-ray radiograph. 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF842446FDCFF8DEFDE01B3B" bold="true" box="[602,622,1838,1864]" pageId="23" pageNumber="262">E</emphasis>
. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF842446FB93F8DEFB961B3B" bold="true" box="[1030,1048,1838,1864]" pageId="23" pageNumber="262">F</emphasis>
. Ditto, ventral view. 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF842446FA9BF8DDFAAB1B34" bold="true" box="[1294,1317,1837,1863]" pageId="23" pageNumber="262">G</emphasis>
. Ditto, floor of mouth. 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF842446FEEBF8A1FE1B1B18" bold="true" box="[382,405,1873,1899]" pageId="23" pageNumber="262">H</emphasis>
. Ditto, X-ray radiograph. Photographed by L. Goodayle. 
<superScript id="2FFDEC17FF842446FBDAF8A0FBD21B2C" attach="right" box="[1103,1116,1872,1887]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="262">©</superScript>
Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London (available under CC-BY 4.0).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF8B2449FF28FDC9FD551FF6" blockId="24.[189,1399,568,902]" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">
<smallCapsWord id="DED1D783FF8B2449FF28FDC9FF601E22" baselines="588,588" box="[189,238,569,595]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Fins" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">FINS</smallCapsWord>
. Illicium moderate to long (21.4%–32.7% SL, mean 26.2 ±0.03%), without tendrils and reaching beyond basal ⅓ of retracted third dorsal-fin spine; esca ranges from pennant-like flap to flag-like tassel, with cirri, sometimes with one or two dark, stalked, bulb-like appendages at base; second dorsal-fin spine short (15.0%–25.7% of SL, mean 18.7 ± 0.03%), stout, reaching between parietal spines and base of third dorsal-fin spine, with dark tendrils; third dorsal-fin spine short (16.3%–25.5% of SL, mean 21.8± 0.02%), slender, reaching from about ½ of retracted fourth dorsal-fin spine, base imbedded under skin, with dark tendrils; fourth dorsal-fin spine slender, about basal ⅓ imbedded under skin and with dark tendrils, reaching from fifth dorsal-fin spine to origin of dorsal-fin; fifth and sixth dorsal-fin spines short, mostly imbedded under skin and with dark tendrils; first dorsal-fin ray relatively close to second, both imbedded under skin, last two rays short.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF8B2449FF28FC5CFB2B183D" blockId="24.[188,1401,940,1103]" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">
<smallCapsWord id="DED1D783FF8B2449FF28FC5CFEC61FB7" baselines="959,959" box="[189,328,940,966]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Coloration" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">COLORATION</smallCapsWord>
(
<smallCapsWord id="DED1D783FF8B2449FECDFC41FE431FB7" baselines="959" box="[344,461,945,964]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="preserved" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">PRESERVED</smallCapsWord>
). Body color ranges from uniformly grayish to reddish brown, covered by scarce blackish brown spots on dorsal surface; ventral surface pale, with peritoneum gray; floor of mouth dark, with circular light pattern in smaller specimens, but irregular light pattern in larger specimens; dorsal surface of pectoral-fins dark apically, and pigmented as adjacent area of body basally; dorsal-fin pale; caudal fin dark basally and apically, with color pattern same as adjacent area of body.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF8B2449FF28FB85FAAE18FC" blockId="24.[189,1312,1141,1167]" box="[189,1312,1141,1167]" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">
<smallCapsWord id="DED1D783FF8B2449FF28FB85FEC618FE" baselines="1160,1160" box="[189,328,1141,1167]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Coloration" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">COLORATION</smallCapsWord>
(
<smallCapsWord id="DED1D783FF8B2449FECCFB8AFE1718FE" baselines="1160" box="[345,409,1146,1165]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="fresh" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">
<collectionCode id="BE99D99AFF8B2449FECCFB8AFE1718FE" box="[345,409,1146,1165]" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">FRESH</collectionCode>
</smallCapsWord>
). Similar to preserved coloration, but body color sometimes blackish brown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="909212D4FF8B2449FF28FB45FB2F1A7C" pageId="24" pageNumber="263" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="D837415FFF8B2449FF28FB45FED818BC" blockId="24.[189,342,1205,1231]" box="[189,342,1205,1231]" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">
<heading id="837FF633FF8B2449FF28FB45FED818BC" bold="true" box="[189,342,1205,1231]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="263" reason="3">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8B2449FF28FB45FED818BC" bold="true" box="[189,342,1205,1231]" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF8B2449FF28FB12FB2F1A7C" blockId="24.[188,1401,1250,1552]" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">
Northwest Pacific, East 
<collectingCountry id="A09F01CFFF8B2449FE42FB12FD93188F" box="[471,541,1250,1276]" name="China" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">China</collectingCountry>
Sea, South 
<collectingCountry id="A09F01CFFF8B2449FD3FFB12FD7E188F" box="[682,752,1250,1276]" name="China" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">China</collectingCountry>
Sea, Timor Sea, and adjacent to 
<collectingCountry id="A09F01CFFF8B2449FBE6FB13FB37188E" box="[1139,1209,1251,1277]" name="Japan" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">Japan</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="A09F01CFFF8B2449FB50FB12FA80188F" box="[1221,1294,1250,1276]" name="China" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">China</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="A09F01CFFF8B2449FA8CFB12FAFC188F" box="[1305,1394,1250,1276]" name="Taiwan" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, and 
<collectingRegion id="1A4C8FBDFF8B2449FF7BFAF5FE34196C" box="[238,442,1285,1311]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">western Australia</collectingRegion>
(this study, 
<figureCitation id="40B35DDAFF8B2449FDD2FAF5FD04196C" box="[583,650,1285,1311]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[195,1393,783,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-199@2.[189,1398,777,1888]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Bathymetric terrain map of eastern Indian Ocean and West Pacific showing the occurrence points of species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883 based on the samples/sequences included in the analyses of this study. White circle: type locality of the species of Lophiomus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12806100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12806100/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). It should be noted that the previously recorded ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8B2449FB44FAF5FAE1196D" baseAuthorityName="Vahl" baseAuthorityYear="1797" box="[1233,1391,1285,1310]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="263" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigerus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8B2449FB44FAF5FAE1196D" box="[1233,1391,1285,1310]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">Lm. setigerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ from the eastern coast of 
<collectingCountry id="A09F01CFFF8B2449FE7BFAD7FDD41932" box="[494,602,1319,1345]" name="Australia" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BC193CAEFF8B2449FDFEFAD7FC861932" author="Caruso J. H." box="[619,776,1319,1345]" pageId="24" pageNumber="263" pagination="11 - 30" refId="ref22963" refString="Caruso J. H. 1983. The systematics and distribution of the lophiid anglerfishes: II. Revisions of the genera Lophiomus and Lophius. Copeia 1983 (1): 11 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1444694" type="journal article" year="1983">Caruso 1983</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="A09F01CFFF8B2449FC8AFAD7FC581932" box="[799,982,1319,1345]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BC193CAEFF8B2449FC72FAD7FB531932" author="Kulbicki M. &amp; Randall J. E. &amp; Rivaton J." box="[999,1245,1319,1345]" pageId="24" pageNumber="263" pagination="1 - 43" refId="ref24252" refString="Kulbicki M., Randall J. E. &amp; Rivaton J. 1994. Checklist of the fishes of the Chesterfield islands (Coral Sea). Micronesica 27: 1 - 43." type="journal article" year="1994">
Kulbicki 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8B2449FBCEFAD8FB161932" box="[1115,1176,1319,1345]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">et al.</emphasis>
1994
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="BC193CAEFF8B2449FB7EFAD7FF701917" author="Ho H. - C. &amp; Chen W. - J." pageId="24" pageNumber="263" pagination="594 - 598" refId="ref23576" refString="Ho H. - C. &amp; Chen W. - J. 2013. DNA sequences and morphological variation in Lophiodes iwamotoi Ho, Seret &amp; Shao, 2011 based on new material from New Caledonia. Zootaxa 3682: 594 - 598. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3682.4.12" type="journal article" year="2013">Ho &amp; Chen 2013</bibRefCitation>
), and the Indian Ocean (
<bibRefCitation id="BC193CAEFF8B2449FDA9FABAFD521917" author="Caruso J. H." box="[572,732,1354,1380]" pageId="24" pageNumber="263" pagination="11 - 30" refId="ref22963" refString="Caruso J. H. 1983. The systematics and distribution of the lophiid anglerfishes: II. Revisions of the genera Lophiomus and Lophius. Copeia 1983 (1): 11 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1444694" type="journal article" year="1983">Caruso 1983</bibRefCitation>
) should belong to different species according to our phylogenetic and species delimitation results. Thus, previous distribution records of 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8B2449FB0DFA9DFAB819F5" baseAuthorityName="Vahl" baseAuthorityYear="1797" box="[1176,1334,1389,1414]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="263" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigerus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8B2449FB0DFA9DFAB819F5" box="[1176,1334,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">Lm. setigerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the localities above are considered doubtful and not included in this study. Due to limited sampling, records from the East Pacific (
<collectingCountry id="A09F01CFFF8B2449FDBEFA40FD0619B8" box="[555,648,1456,1483]" name="Mexico" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">Mexico</collectingCountry>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="BC193CAEFF8B2449FD37FA41FBAC19B8" author="De la Cruz-Aguero J. &amp; Galvan-Magana F. &amp; Abitia-Cardenas L. A. &amp; Rodriguez-Romero J. &amp; Sanchez F. J." box="[674,1058,1456,1483]" pageId="24" pageNumber="263" pagination="17 - 31" refId="ref23178" refString="De la Cruz-Aguero J., Galvan-Magana F., Abitia-Cardenas L. A., Rodriguez-Romero J. &amp; Gutierrez- Sanchez F. J. 1994. Systematic list of marine fishes from Bahia Magdalena, Baja California Sur (Mexico). Ciencias Marinas 20: 17 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.7773 / cm. v 20 i 1.956" type="journal article" year="1994">
De La Cruz-Agüero 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8B2449FC08FA41FC5419B9" box="[925,986,1456,1482]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">et al.</emphasis>
1994
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="BC193CAEFF8B2449FBA4FA41FB7319B8" author="Love M. S. &amp; Bizzarro J. J. &amp; Cornthwaite A. M. &amp; Frable B. W. &amp; Maslenikov K. P." box="[1073,1277,1456,1483]" pageId="24" pageNumber="263" pagination="1 - 285" refId="ref24491" refString="Love M. S., Bizzarro J. J., Cornthwaite A. M., Frable B. W. &amp; Maslenikov K. P. 2021. Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska - Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico. Zootaxa 5053 (1): 1 - 285. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5053.1.1" type="journal article" year="2021">
Love 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8B2449FBECFA41FB3819B9" box="[1145,1206,1456,1482]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
), Red Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="BC193CAEFF8B2449FF52FA22FED3199E" author="Khalaf M. A." box="[199,349,1490,1517]" pageId="24" pageNumber="263" pagination="23 - 50" refId="ref24134" refString="Khalaf M. A. 2004. Fish fauna of the Jordanian Coast, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Marine Sciences 15 (1): 23 - 50." type="journal article" year="2004">Khalaf 2004</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="BC193CAEFF8B2449FEFDFA22FD3E199E" author="Golani D. &amp; Bogorodsky S. V." box="[360,688,1490,1517]" pageId="24" pageNumber="263" pagination="1 - 135" refId="ref23420" refString="Golani D. &amp; Bogorodsky S. V. 2010. The fishes of the Red Sea - Reappraisal and updated checklist. Zootaxa 2463: 1 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2463.1.1" type="book chapter" year="2010">Golani &amp; Bogorodsky 2010</bibRefCitation>
), and Africa (
<bibRefCitation id="BC193CAEFF8B2449FCDEFA22FC62199E" author="Bianchi G." box="[843,1004,1490,1517]" pageId="24" pageNumber="263" refId="ref22410" refString="Bianchi G. 1985. Field Guide to the Commercial Marine and Brackish-water Species of Tanzania. FAO FAO Species Identification Field Guide for Fishery Purposes, Rome." type="book" year="1985">Bianchi 1985</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="BC193CAEFF8B2449FC62FA23FB01199F" author="Caruso J. H." box="[1015,1167,1490,1517]" pageId="24" pageNumber="263" pagination="363 - 366" refId="ref23050" refString="Caruso J. H. 1986. Lophiidae. In: Smith M. M. &amp; Heemstra P. C. (eds) Smiths' Sea Fishes: 363 - 366. Springer-Verlag, Berlin." type="book chapter" year="1986">Caruso 1986</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="BC193CAEFF8B2449FB0FFA22FAFC199E" author="Fischer W. &amp; Sousa I. &amp; Silva C. &amp; de Freitas A. &amp; Poutiers J. M. &amp; Schneider W. &amp; Borges T. C. &amp; Feral J. P. &amp; Massinga A." box="[1178,1394,1490,1517]" pageId="24" pageNumber="263" refId="ref23245" refString="Fischer W., Sousa I., Silva C., de Freitas A., Poutiers J. M., Schneider W., Borges T. C., Feral J. P. &amp; Massinga A. 1990. Guia de Campo das Especies comerciais marinhas e de Aguas salobras de Mocambique. Fichas FAO de Identificacao de Especies para Actividades de Pesca, Rome." type="book" year="1990">
Fischer 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8B2449FB61FA23FAA0199F" box="[1268,1326,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">et al.</emphasis>
1990
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="BC193CAEFF8B2449FF29FA05FE281A63" author="Sommer C. &amp; Schneider W. &amp; Poutiers J. - M." box="[188,422,1525,1552]" pageId="24" pageNumber="263" refId="ref25389" refString="Sommer C., Schneider W. &amp; Poutiers J. - M. 1996. The Living Marine Resources of Somalia. FAO Species Identification Field Guide for Fishery Purposes, Rome." type="book" year="1996">
Sommer 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8B2449FEBDFA05FEED1A7C" box="[296,355,1525,1551]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">et al.</emphasis>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
) could not be confirmed and are not included in this study either.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="909212D4FF8B2448FF28F9C5FAF619CF" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="264" pageId="24" pageNumber="263" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="D837415FFF8B2449FF28F9C5FEA11A3C" blockId="24.[189,303,1589,1615]" box="[189,303,1589,1615]" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">
<heading id="837FF633FF8B2449FF28F9C5FEA11A3C" bold="true" box="[189,303,1589,1615]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="263" reason="3">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8B2449FF28F9C5FEA11A3C" bold="true" box="[189,303,1589,1615]" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF8B2449FF28F992FC401B3A" blockId="24.[189,1400,1634,1866]" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">
The type specimens of the species described by Vahl (1797), including 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8B2449FC4BF992FB251A0F" authorityName="Vahl" authorityYear="1797" box="[990,1195,1634,1660]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="263" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigerus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8B2449FC4BF992FB251A0F" box="[990,1195,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">Lophius setigerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8B2449FB5AF993FAE41A0F" authorityName="Vahl" authorityYear="1797" box="[1231,1386,1635,1660]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="263" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigerus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8B2449FB5AF993FAE41A0F" box="[1231,1386,1635,1660]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">Lm. setigerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8B2449FF65F975FE341AEC" authorityName="Vahl" authorityYear="1797" box="[240,442,1669,1695]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="263" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stellatus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8B2449FF65F975FE341AEC" box="[240,442,1669,1695]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">Lophius stellatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8B2449FE7DF975FD461AEC" baseAuthorityName="Vahl" baseAuthorityYear="1797" box="[488,712,1669,1695]" family="Ogcocephalidae" genus="Halieutaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="263" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stellata">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8B2449FE7DF975FD461AEC" box="[488,712,1669,1695]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">Halieutaea stellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8B2449FD4DF975FC141AD3" box="[728,922,1669,1696]" family="Ogcocephalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="263" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ogcocephalidae</taxonomicName>
), have never been designated or located (
<bibRefCitation id="BC193CAEFF8B2449FF53F957FE111AB2" author="Fricke R. &amp; Eschmeyer W. N. &amp; van der Laan R." box="[198,415,1703,1729]" pageId="24" pageNumber="263" refId="ref23316" refString="Fricke R., Eschmeyer W. N. &amp; van der Laan R. 2022. Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Available from https: // researcharchive. calacademy. org / research / ichthyology / catalog / fishcatmain. asp [accessed 23 Apr. 2023]." type="url" year="2022">
Fricke 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8B2449FE8EF958FED61AB2" box="[283,344,1703,1729]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
; R. Fricke pers. com.). Although 
<bibRefCitation id="BC193CAEFF8B2449FCA7F957FB941AB2" author="Fricke R. &amp; Eschmeyer W. N. &amp; van der Laan R." box="[818,1050,1703,1729]" pageId="24" pageNumber="263" refId="ref23316" refString="Fricke R., Eschmeyer W. N. &amp; van der Laan R. 2022. Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Available from https: // researcharchive. calacademy. org / research / ichthyology / catalog / fishcatmain. asp [accessed 23 Apr. 2023]." type="url" year="2022">
Fricke 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8B2449FC1DF958FC4B1AB2" box="[904,965,1703,1729]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
reported one skeleton (
<collectionCode id="BE99D99AFF8B2449FAA0F957FAF81AB2" box="[1333,1398,1703,1729]" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">AMS</collectionCode>
I.25832-004) as a possible 
<typeStatus id="0733FFFDFF8B2449FD94F939FDD21A90" box="[513,604,1737,1763]" pageId="24" pageNumber="263" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8B2449FD11F93AFCAA1A90" authorityName="Vahl" authorityYear="1797" box="[644,804,1738,1763]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="263" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigerus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8B2449FD11F93AFCAA1A90" box="[644,804,1738,1763]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">Lm. setigerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(locality: 
<collectingCountry id="A09F01CFFF8B2449FC09F939FB821A97" box="[924,1036,1737,1764]" name="Australia" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">Australia</collectingCountry>
), this specimen has apparently been lost (not held in 
<collectionCode id="BE99D99AFF8B2449FE5AF91BFD9C1B76" box="[463,530,1771,1797]" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">AMS</collectionCode>
; A. Hay pers. com.) and was not collected from a locality close to the distribution center of 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8B2449FE2AF8FEFDD31B54" authorityName="Vahl" authorityYear="1797" box="[447,605,1806,1831]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="263" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigerus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8B2449FE2AF8FEFDD31B54" box="[447,605,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">Lm. setigerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inferred in this study. We feel that it is necessary and justifiable to propose a 
<typeStatus id="0733FFFDFF8B2449FEA3F8C0FE1D1B39" box="[310,403,1840,1866]" pageId="24" pageNumber="263" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
for 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8B2449FE56F8C0FDEF1B3A" authorityName="Vahl" authorityYear="1797" box="[451,609,1840,1865]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="263" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigerus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8B2449FE56F8C0FDEF1B3A" box="[451,609,1840,1865]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">Lm. setigerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to avoid taxonomic confusion.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF8B2448FF28F881FBD71D85" blockId="24.[189,1398,1905,2002]" lastBlockId="25.[187,1400,265,503]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="264" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">
Accordingly, a specimen (
<collectionCode id="BE99D99AFF8B2449FE63F881FDDE1BF8" box="[502,592,1905,1931]" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">NTUM</collectionCode>
10408, sample ID: 
<collectionCode id="BE99D99AFF8B2449FCA3F881FCFF1BFF" box="[822,881,1905,1932]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14896" name="William Jewell College" pageId="24" pageNumber="263" type="Herbarium">WJC</collectionCode>
0905) collected from the 
<collectingCountry id="A09F01CFFF8B2449FB36F881FB791BF8" box="[1187,1271,1905,1931]" name="Taiwan" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
Strait (off Donggang, 
<collectingRegion id="1A4C8FBDFF8B2449FED2F864FD9E1BDD" box="[327,528,1940,1966]" country="Taiwan" name="Pingtung" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">Pingtung County</collectingRegion>
, Taiwan), an area that could be encompassed within the type locality of 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8B2449FF28F848FEDB1BA2" authorityName="Vahl" authorityYear="1797" box="[189,341,1976,2001]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="263" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigerus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8B2449FF28F848FEDB1BA2" box="[189,341,1976,2001]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">Lm.setigerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– broad sense of ‘China’ in the 18 
<superScript id="2FFDEC17FF8B2449FD52F846FD5A1BB7" attach="right" box="[711,724,1974,1988]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">th</superScript>
century – is designated here as the 
<typeStatus id="0733FFFDFF8B2449FBC6F848FB201BA1" box="[1107,1198,1976,2002]" pageId="24" pageNumber="263" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
for 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8B2449FB40F848FAE31BA2" authorityName="Vahl" authorityYear="1797" box="[1237,1389,1976,2001]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="263" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigerus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8B2449FB40F848FAE31BA2" box="[1237,1389,1976,2001]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="263">Lm. setigerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This specimen aligns with the original description of 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8A2448FC8EFEFAFC381D50" authorityName="Vahl" authorityYear="1797" box="[795,950,266,291]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigerus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8A2448FC8EFEFAFC381D50" box="[795,950,266,291]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">Lm. setigerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the pattern of the floor of the mouth and general appearance (
<tableCitation id="950A74E4FF8A2448FE4DFEDCFDA11D35" box="[472,559,300,326]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[185,255,702,730]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of the original description of all previously described nominal species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883." pageId="25" pageNumber="264">Table 1</tableCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="40B35DDAFF8A2448FDA8FEDCFD181D35" box="[573,662,300,326]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[207,1380,275,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-17@22.[197,1390,265,1849]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 8. Lophiomus setigerus (Vahl, 1797). A–D. Neotype (NTUM10408, sample ID: WJC0905). E–H. Large specimens (NTUM14414, sample ID: WJC7223). A. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. B. Ditto, ventral view. C. Ditto, fresh specimen. D. Ditto, floor of mouth. E. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. F. Ditto, ventral view. G. Ditto, fresh specimen. H. Ditto, floor of mouth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12806115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12806115/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
) (Vahl 1797). Although the original description of 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8A2448FB49FEDDFAF91D35" authorityName="Vahl" authorityYear="1797" box="[1244,1399,301,326]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigerus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8A2448FB49FEDDFAF91D35" box="[1244,1399,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">Lm. setigerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
implied a pectoral-fin rays count of 10 (“ 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8A2448FD53FEA0FB011D1A" box="[710,1167,335,361]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">Pinnae pectorales …, decem-radiatae</emphasis>
[Pectoral-fin…tenradiated]”; Vahl 1797: 216), this count is distinct from the currently described species of 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8A2448FB37FE82FAAC1DFF" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1883" box="[1186,1314,370,396]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8A2448FB37FE82FAAC1DFF" box="[1186,1314,370,396]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">Lophiomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which typically have more than 21 rays. The discrepancy between the original and present descriptions may be attributed to limitations in microscope and X-ray techniques during that period. Therefore, the meristic counts from the original description are considered unreliable and incomparable.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF8A2448FF28FDEEFBFF1ED1" blockId="25.[189,1399,542,674]" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">
The name “ 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8A2448FED2FDEEFD951E44" authorityName="Bloch &amp; Schneider" authorityYear="1801" box="[327,539,542,568]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viviparus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8A2448FED2FDEEFD951E44" box="[327,539,542,568]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">Lophius viviparus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” was introduced as an unexplained new name for 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8A2448FBE6FDEEFA971E44" box="[1139,1305,542,567]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8A2448FBE6FDEEFA9A1E44" authorityName="Vahl" authorityYear="1797" box="[1139,1300,542,567]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigerus">Lm. setigerus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
lacking a voucher specimen designation. It is only accompanied by a brief description “ 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8A2448FBE9FDB2FE2E1E0D" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8A2448FBE9FDB2FAD81E28" authority=", Wahl" authorityName="Wahl" box="[1148,1366,577,603]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigerus">L. Setigerus, Wahl</taxonomicName>
in Skrivter af Naturh.
</emphasis>
… 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8A2448FE51FD94FD481E0D" box="[452,710,612,638]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">Habitat mare Sinense</emphasis>
[living in Chinese sea]” (
<bibRefCitation id="BC193CAEFF8A2448FC68FD94FAE71E0D" author="Bloch M. E. &amp; Schneider J. G." box="[1021,1385,612,638]" pageId="25" pageNumber="264" refId="ref22473" refString="Bloch M. E. &amp; Schneider J. G. 1801. M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae Iconibus cx Ilustratum. Sumtibus auctoris impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano commissum, Berlin [Berolini]. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5750" type="book" year="1801">Bloch &amp; Schneider 1801: 142</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="BC193CAEFF8A2448FF2AFD77FE111ED2" author="Fricke R. &amp; Eschmeyer W. N. &amp; van der Laan R." box="[191,415,647,673]" pageId="25" pageNumber="264" refId="ref23316" refString="Fricke R., Eschmeyer W. N. &amp; van der Laan R. 2022. Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Available from https: // researcharchive. calacademy. org / research / ichthyology / catalog / fishcatmain. asp [accessed 23 Apr. 2023]." type="url" year="2022">
Fricke 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8A2448FE9AFD78FEC41ED2" box="[271,330,647,673]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
consequently considered this name as an objective synonym.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF8A2448FF28FD39FC131F1C" blockId="25.[189,1401,713,880]" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8A2448FF28FD39FE601E90" authorityName="Tanaka" authorityYear="1918" box="[189,494,713,739]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longicephalus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8A2448FF28FD39FE601E90" box="[189,494,713,739]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">Lophiomus longicephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(for which the 
<typeStatus id="0733FFFDFF8A2448FD3EFD39FD501E90" box="[683,734,713,739]" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">type</typeStatus>
material has also been lost and was thus not examined in this study) (
<bibRefCitation id="BC193CAEFF8A2448FEFEFD1CFDB01F75" author="Fricke R. &amp; Eschmeyer W. N. &amp; van der Laan R." box="[363,574,748,774]" pageId="25" pageNumber="264" refId="ref23316" refString="Fricke R., Eschmeyer W. N. &amp; van der Laan R. 2022. Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Available from https: // researcharchive. calacademy. org / research / ichthyology / catalog / fishcatmain. asp [accessed 23 Apr. 2023]." type="url" year="2022">
Fricke 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8A2448FE2AFD1DFE751F75" box="[447,507,748,774]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
) was treated as a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8A2448FC6DFD1DFB191F75" box="[1016,1175,749,774]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigerus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8A2448FC6DFD1DFB191F75" box="[1016,1175,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">Lm. setigerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="BC193CAEFF8A2448FB50FD1CFAFD1F75" author="Caruso J. H." box="[1221,1395,748,774]" pageId="25" pageNumber="264" pagination="11 - 30" refId="ref22963" refString="Caruso J. H. 1983. The systematics and distribution of the lophiid anglerfishes: II. Revisions of the genera Lophiomus and Lophius. Copeia 1983 (1): 11 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1444694" type="journal article" year="1983">Caruso (1983)</bibRefCitation>
. Morphologically, it resembles 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8A2448FDB8FCE0FD451F5A" box="[557,715,784,809]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigerus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8A2448FDB8FCE0FD451F5A" box="[557,715,784,809]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">Lm. setigerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the original description, sharing characteristics such as a brown body coloration, a dark floor of the mouth pattern with white spots, and an overlapped distribution (
<tableCitation id="950A74E4FF8A2448FEC6FCA5FE251F03" box="[339,427,853,880]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[185,255,702,730]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of the original description of all previously described nominal species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883." pageId="25" pageNumber="264">Table 1</tableCitation>
). Herein, its synonym status is confirmed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF8A2448FF28FC67FCCC18F7" blockId="25.[187,1399,919,1156]" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">
Regarding 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8A2448FEA9FC67FE7B1FC2" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1889" box="[316,501,919,945]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8A2448FEA9FC67FE7B1FC2" box="[316,501,919,945]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">Lophius indicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, its 
<typeStatus id="0733FFFDFF8A2448FDB4FC67FD061FC2" box="[545,648,919,945]" pageId="25" pageNumber="264" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
share morphological features with 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8A2448FB8CFC68FB321FC2" box="[1049,1212,920,945]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8A2448FB8CFC68FB391FC2" box="[1049,1207,920,945]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigerus">Lm. setigerus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
both displaying a brown body color (
<figureCitation id="40B35DDAFF8A2448FE3AFC4AFDBE1FA6" box="[431,560,954,981]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[189,232,1767,1793]" captionTargetBox="[197,1391,275,1711]" captionTargetId="figure-12@23.[189,1398,267,1718]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 9. Lophius indicus Alock, 1889. A–D. Large syntype (BMNH 1890.11.28.45). E–H. Small syntype (BMNH 1890.11.28.45.46). A. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. B. Ditto, ventral view. C. Ditto, floor of mouth. D. Ditto, X-ray radiograph. E. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. F. Ditto, ventral view. G. Ditto, floor of mouth. H. Ditto, X-ray radiograph. Photographed by L. Goodayle. © Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London (available under CC-BY 4.0)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12806117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12806117/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">Fig. 9A, E</figureCitation>
), a dark floor of the mouth with circular light patterns (
<figureCitation id="40B35DDAFF8A2448FB22FC4AFAB91FA7" box="[1207,1335,954,980]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[189,232,1767,1793]" captionTargetBox="[197,1391,275,1711]" captionTargetId="figure-12@23.[189,1398,267,1718]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 9. Lophius indicus Alock, 1889. A–D. Large syntype (BMNH 1890.11.28.45). E–H. Small syntype (BMNH 1890.11.28.45.46). A. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. B. Ditto, ventral view. C. Ditto, floor of mouth. D. Ditto, X-ray radiograph. E. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. F. Ditto, ventral view. G. Ditto, floor of mouth. H. Ditto, X-ray radiograph. Photographed by L. Goodayle. © Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London (available under CC-BY 4.0)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12806117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12806117/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">Fig. 9C, G</figureCitation>
), and 22–23 pectoral-fin rays (
<tableCitation id="950A74E4FF8A2448FE4DFC2DFDBF1F8B" box="[472,561,989,1016]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="14.[187,257,727,755]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Table 5. Meristic counts of species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883 described in this study. Values are counted from both sides and expressed as ranges; values expressed in parentheses indicate counts from the right side. Abbreviations: HT = Holotype; N/A = unavailable; NT = neotype; ST = syntypes." pageId="25" pageNumber="264">Table 5</tableCitation>
). However, advanced morphological diagnoses are impeded by a lack of a direct morphometric comparison between 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8A2448FD56FBF1FCEF1869" box="[707,865,1025,1050]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigerus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8A2448FD56FBF1FCEF1869" box="[707,865,1025,1050]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">Lm. setigerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8A2448FC0EFBF1FB931869" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1889" box="[923,1053,1024,1050]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8A2448FC0EFBF1FB931869" box="[923,1053,1024,1050]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">Lp. indicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
due to relatively smaller size of the available 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8A2448FEEFFBD4FE73184D" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1889" box="[378,509,1060,1086]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8A2448FEEFFBD4FE73184D" box="[378,509,1060,1086]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">Lp. indicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="0733FFFDFF8A2448FD91FBD4FDE5184D" box="[516,619,1060,1086]" pageId="25" pageNumber="264" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
(SL = 
<quantity id="1F70ECBAFF8A2448FD28FBD3FCE4184D" box="[701,874,1059,1086]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.085" metricValueMax="6.64" metricValueMin="3.53" pageId="25" pageNumber="264" unit="mm" value="50.85" valueMax="66.4" valueMin="35.3">35.3–66.4 mm</quantity>
) (
<tableCitation id="950A74E4FF8A2448FC14FBD4FB88184D" box="[897,1030,1060,1086]" captionStart-0="Table 3" captionStart-1="Table 4" captionStartId-0="12.[186,256,660,688]" captionStartId-1="13.[185,255,622,650]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionText-0="Table 3. Standard length and the measurements expressed in percent (%) of standard length of species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883 described in this study. Values are expressed as ranges; values in parentheses are means ±standard deviations. Definitions and measurement abbreviations follow Caruso (1981). Abbreviations: HT = Holotype; N/A = unavailable; NT = neotype; ST = syntypes." captionText-1="Table 4. Measurements expressed in percent (%) of head lengths of species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883 described in this study. Values are expressed as ranges; values in parentheses are means±standard deviations. Definitions and measurement abbreviations follow Caruso (1981). Abbreviations: HT = Holotype; N/A = unavailable; NT = neotype; ST = syntypes." pageId="25" pageNumber="264">Tables 3–4</tableCitation>
). Along with its morphological similarity between 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8A2448FE0FFBB8FDB61812" box="[410,568,1095,1121]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigerus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8A2448FE0FFBB8FE311812" box="[410,447,1096,1121]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">Lm</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8A2448FE5BFBB8FDB61812" box="[462,568,1096,1121]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">setigerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the lack of further evidence, the synonym status of 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8A2448FB2FFBB8FAB51812" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1889" box="[1210,1339,1095,1121]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8A2448FB2FFBB8FAB51812" box="[1210,1339,1095,1121]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">Lp. indicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8A2448FF29FB9BFED418F7" box="[188,346,1131,1156]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigerus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8A2448FF29FB9BFED418F7" box="[188,346,1131,1156]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">Lm. setigerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
suggested by 
<bibRefCitation id="BC193CAEFF8A2448FD97FB9AFD2518F7" author="Caruso J. H." box="[514,683,1130,1156]" pageId="25" pageNumber="264" pagination="11 - 30" refId="ref22963" refString="Caruso J. H. 1983. The systematics and distribution of the lophiid anglerfishes: II. Revisions of the genera Lophiomus and Lophius. Copeia 1983 (1): 11 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1444694" type="journal article" year="1983">Caruso (1983)</bibRefCitation>
is remained.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D837415FFF8A2448FF28FB5BFAF619CF" blockId="25.[188,1400,1195,1468]" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8A2448FF28FB5BFE6018B6" authorityName="Samuel" authorityYear="1963" box="[189,494,1195,1221]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Chirolophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malabaricus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8A2448FF28FB5BFE6018B6" box="[189,494,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">Chirolophius malabaricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is another synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8A2448FD6FFB5CFBCB18B5" authority="(Caruso 1983)" baseAuthorityName="Caruso" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[762,1093,1196,1222]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigerus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8A2448FD6FFB5CFC1B18B6" box="[762,917,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">Lm. setigerus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BC193CAEFF8A2448FC36FB5CFBB218B5" author="Caruso J. H." box="[931,1084,1196,1222]" pageId="25" pageNumber="264" pagination="11 - 30" refId="ref22963" refString="Caruso J. H. 1983. The systematics and distribution of the lophiid anglerfishes: II. Revisions of the genera Lophiomus and Lophius. Copeia 1983 (1): 11 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1444694" type="journal article" year="1983">Caruso 1983</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. It was described based on the specimens collected from the Malabar Coast of southwestern 
<collectingCountry id="A09F01CFFF8A2448FC33FB3FFC6B189A" box="[934,997,1231,1257]" name="India" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">India</collectingCountry>
. Since a considerable geographical isolation to either 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8A2448FE18FB03FD80197F" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1889" box="[397,526,1266,1292]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8A2448FE18FB03FD80197F" box="[397,526,1266,1292]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">Lp. indicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="0733FFFDFF8A2448FD88FB02FDDF197F" box="[541,593,1266,1292]" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">type</typeStatus>
locality: Bay of Bengal) or 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8A2448FC01FB03FBBE197F" baseAuthorityName="Caruso" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[916,1072,1267,1292]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigerus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8A2448FC01FB03FBBE197F" box="[916,1072,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">Lm. setigerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(West Pacific), and a higher count of pectoral-fin rays than other congeners (24 vs 21–23, mostly 22) (
<tableCitation id="950A74E4FF8A2448FBA1FAE5FB14195C" box="[1076,1178,1301,1327]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[185,255,702,730]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of the original description of all previously described nominal species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883." pageId="25" pageNumber="264">Tables 1</tableCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="950A74E4FF8A2448FB3EFAE5FB35195C" box="[1195,1211,1301,1327]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="12.[186,256,660,688]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Table 3. Standard length and the measurements expressed in percent (%) of standard length of species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883 described in this study. Values are expressed as ranges; values in parentheses are means ±standard deviations. Definitions and measurement abbreviations follow Caruso (1981). Abbreviations: HT = Holotype; N/A = unavailable; NT = neotype; ST = syntypes." pageId="25" pageNumber="264">3</tableCitation>
), we opine that 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8A2448FF28FAC9FEFA1921" authorityName="Samuel" authorityYear="1963" box="[189,372,1336,1363]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Chirolophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malabaricus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8A2448FF28FAC9FEFA1921" box="[189,372,1336,1363]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">C. malabaricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could potentially be a distinct species of 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8A2448FCF3FAC8FC691921" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1883" box="[870,999,1336,1362]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophiomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8A2448FCF3FAC8FC691921" box="[870,999,1336,1362]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">Lophiomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that should be excluded from the synonymy of 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8A2448FEC9FAACFE771906" baseAuthorityName="Caruso" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[348,505,1372,1397]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigerus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8A2448FEC9FAACFE771906" box="[348,505,1372,1397]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">Lm. setigerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, the absence of a 
<typeStatus id="0733FFFDFF8A2448FCD5FAACFCFC1905" box="[832,882,1372,1398]" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">type</typeStatus>
examination of 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8A2448FBBAFAACFB6A1906" authorityName="Samuel" authorityYear="1963" box="[1071,1252,1371,1398]" family="Lophiidae" genus="Chirolophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malabaricus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8A2448FBBAFAACFB6A1906" box="[1071,1252,1371,1398]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">C. malabaricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the lack of direct genetic evidence (aside from our discussions on GenBank sequences of “ 
<taxonomicName id="1F883ADCFF8A2448FBEAFA70FA8F19EA" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1889" box="[1151,1281,1407,1433]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="EAFC9D4DFF8A2448FBEAFA70FA8F19EA" box="[1151,1281,1407,1433]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="264">Lp. indicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”) prevent us from formally resurrecting this nominal species. Therefore, we tentatively consider it as incertae sedis.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>