145 lines
15 KiB
XML
145 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document id="CF49C2259138945D95BFB5DB2E8BFD8A" ID-CLB-Dataset="28309" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.831.31381" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d90986fd-8a3d-4616-a111-e8342fac7bd2" ID-PMC="PMC6433812" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970--71" ID-PubMed="30930641" ID-ZooBank="ADF28EE6510B46E8A13190DBBEEF403B" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="1313-2970--71" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys " ModsDocTitle="Four notable additions to the South African echinoid fauna (Echinodermata, Echinoidea)" checkinTime="1553117397661" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Filander, Zoleka, Samyn, Yves & Griffiths, Charles" docDate="2019" docId="3D98F5877769F549E9B4BB62988EAA47" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 831: 71-80" docOrigin="ZooKeys 831" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.831.31381" docTitle="Echinothrix diadema Linnaeus 1758" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="74" masterDocId="FFB7FFF8D9207156162AFFC5FFE06254" masterDocTitle="Four notable additions to the South African echinoid fauna (Echinodermata, Echinoidea)" masterLastPageNumber="80" masterPageNumber="71" pageNumber="72" updateTime="1701379631595" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E79E405CD249CD8F1AF3434ED6B59186">
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<mods:title id="7FEEFC98EEA8A620788D4AB2CAE63C95">Four notable additions to the South African echinoid fauna (Echinodermata, Echinoidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D42F146E88C76A06346766F700D8E71E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="529CC63FF4FAD504AFB255D327848537">Filander, Zoleka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AD0C718298420746D52CB009C55006B9">Samyn, Yves</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="53739B0AB2DBE10B42B8722BDA6EFFF5">Griffiths, Charles</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="73CE754A6783CCECEFF633C873691592">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="E5C5C3E34E08062D5223291DD35B4D34">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="25EFF8215C516C74379B598B74908E80">
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<mods:date id="FF3B94366EE6F185766AF7B730E82EFA">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="8114B546DF72890BE2A9F1D751521D9C" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="CDAB0D85AE3F9E55F860087AA14BD3EE">831</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="F2610BA91B7E906AFC7B7619B97D438D">71</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="8AC301608AFF0CA1020B920244F157DC">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.831.31381</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="AB7F3C3766BD7F1D4B7791988ABBF4B6">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B72F255658C1E6FF44D9D9BBAFBA7E79" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.831.31381</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="3D98F5877769F549E9B4BB62988EAA47" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154472187" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D98F5877769F549E9B4BB62988EAA47" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D98F5877769F549E9B4BB62988EAA47" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
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<subSubSection id="79A1E6F05AF23FCD4AFA5B8769B7DFB0" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9C2381DDBD114960B84FD051749B26E5" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
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<taxonomicName id="CEA1A66ED791FB48B726B5D8AF6AA704" ID-CoL="38LCX" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Echinoidea" family="Diadematidae" genus="Echinothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinothrix diadema" order="Diadematoida" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="diadema">Echinothrix diadema (Linnaeus, 1758)</taxonomicName>
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Fig. 1C, D
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D1D5E0C8BC343A98A78760CC35C58A83" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="0ADDACA4A94DA126651686344A965DE7" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
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<taxonomicName id="DEA05EBADF1E00D0793CF7CC687F3B8F" class="Echinoidea" family="Diadematidae" genus="Garelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Garelia cincta" order="Diadematoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cincta">
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<pageBreakToken id="47B212D50CA0AF2A6DE3E4B6DDF490E1" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" start="start">Garelia</pageBreakToken>
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cincta
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="6DC89C9ED83CFCB82E681E66391CFF05" author="Agassiz, A" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" pagination="17 - 28" title="List of the echinoderms sent to different institutions in exchange for other specimens, with annotations." volume="1" year="1863">Agassiz 1863</bibRefCitation>
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: 18-19.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C3FC313FF021E56F00FA66D226F970CB" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
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<taxonomicName id="841E72EBC766A02CF6A7B159D7B3BB22" class="Echinoidea" family="Diadematidae" genus="Echinothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinothrix diadema" order="Diadematoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="diadema">Echinothrix diadema</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="56D8AC558543A4DFDE1D8EC000353363" author="Mortensen, T" journalOrPublisher="CA Reitzel, Copenhagen" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" title="A Monograph of the Echinoidea. III, 1. Aulodonta, with Additions to Vol. II (Lepidocentroida and Stirodonta)." year="1940">Mortensen 1940</bibRefCitation>
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: 290-295, pl. XLIII, figs 1-2, pl. XLV, figs 1-8, pl. XLVI, figs 2-4, pl. XLVII, figs 4, 6-7, pl. XLVIII, fig. 4, pl. LXXI, figs 1, 3 [synonym and description];
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<bibRefCitation id="E197D2F4A427E3619A7D82AD6FD0D221" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Clark and Rowe 1971</bibRefCitation>
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: 153, fig. 64a [description and distribution];
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<bibRefCitation id="22636DCDD5F85D1E3440F180B1C2C5E7" author="Samyn, Y" journalOrPublisher="Journal of East African Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" pagination="1 - 34" title="Annotated checklist of the echinoderms from the Kiunga Marine National Reserve, Kenya - Part I: Echinoidea and Holothuroidea." volume="89" year="2000">Samyn and Vanden Berghe 2000</bibRefCitation>
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: 11 [distribution].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="471E6167FE4F3EBEAB1D3DF2A9ECD3AD" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" type="identification">
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<paragraph id="0A8FDE58EA4A93295258D7D7EC77F086" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Identification.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8DDF371E989A99C7B43A94176697E198" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
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Test large sized (test diameter = 120 mm). Ambulacra not bulging, with one primary tubercle per three pore-pairs. Interambulacra with distinctively large, perforated, and crenulated primary tubercles, where each plate is surrounded by six smaller tubercles. Areoles slightly deepened. Apical system with insert plates, where gonopores are positioned distally on genital plates. Spines banded, long, and needle-like,
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<pageBreakToken id="BD5B236EEE336D73976C2C90F2580F49" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" start="start">with</pageBreakToken>
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a ridged surface. Denuded test creamy white and reported by
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<bibRefCitation id="BD9DB5F724829123431CCCFDC287C0A2" author="Samyn, Y" journalOrPublisher="Journal of East African Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" pagination="1 - 34" title="Annotated checklist of the echinoderms from the Kiunga Marine National Reserve, Kenya - Part I: Echinoidea and Holothuroidea." volume="89" year="2000">Samyn and Vanden Berghe (2000)</bibRefCitation>
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to be sometimes reddish.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1DF5899B7E3D37465EFFD1BED3AB33E7" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="CD37EB1A0FCB58D10C191DA5CF11495F" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0DD2042FA836F10A136CABAA0CF2B553" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">RMCA.2561: one specimen collected from the intertidal zone of Isipingo Beach in August 1999; RMCA.2568: one specimen collected by SCUBA diving off 2-Mile Reef in August 1999, at 15 m. All were complete specimens which were fixed and originally preserved in 90-70% ethanol. At present they are preserved dry.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E6424D2627BCF2F747684199A2A5EE43" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" type="habitat">
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<paragraph id="CACEC9E3D0ECCD94753F68B8A9E94C47" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">Habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7DA3D75B615A93AA830111542E450EAE" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">Littoral and reef habitats.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="623D8E86FEE81C6C979286556D783CC9" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="C12801C246A1B1B9697395AF580296F1" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">Global distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B910D9A80A28211A116012E07EB70CBA" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
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Indo-Pacific: Paumotu, Tahiti, Hawaii to Japan, north Australia; to Madagascar, East Africa to Red Sea (
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<bibRefCitation id="DA27165988BE4474FDC1184ADA756D5D" author="Mortensen, T" journalOrPublisher="CA Reitzel, Copenhagen" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" title="A Monograph of the Echinoidea. III, 1. Aulodonta, with Additions to Vol. II (Lepidocentroida and Stirodonta)." year="1940">Mortensen 1940</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="A8E4FA3E30D7576CE3E9AC931ADF475B" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">Clark and Rowe 1971</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="850E633B374AAE7DCC39B0F369382C4B" author="Samyn, Y" journalOrPublisher="Journal of East African Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" pagination="1 - 34" title="Annotated checklist of the echinoderms from the Kiunga Marine National Reserve, Kenya - Part I: Echinoidea and Holothuroidea." volume="89" year="2000">Samyn and Vanden Berghe 2000</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B2231755910AA4C596033D70CC49CDDF" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="7E09C9CE1C82D5899051D0179A62A923" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">South African distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C31DDDB40777F6630477F425A66834EB" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
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East coast of South Africa, south of Durban off Isipingo Beach (
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<geoCoordinate id="0EBFE7B34AD849FBEE8E0B5ADADB84C5" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-30.0036">30.0036°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="BC6B8BC652EA731DA1B503957EB26D4B" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="30.9425">30.9425°E</geoCoordinate>
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: approximate co-ordinates), and off 2-Mile Reef, Sodwana Bay (
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<geoCoordinate id="FCE74F2765958672C56DF61648F443F0" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-27.5129">27.5129°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="94E74564225F8AE42C0EEF0B7F59F91D" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="32.6862">32.6862°E</geoCoordinate>
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: approximate co-ordinates).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A8102FF885884AB8E91347F8848A1ED6" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="189313195E5E33710C7A65C25AE204C6" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C772F13B87153FD81B13F04BD16ADF39" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
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<taxonomicName id="8511295A0BFCA7464688EBB26B681811" class="Echinoidea" family="Diadematidae" genus="Echinothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinothrix diadema" order="Diadematoida" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="diadema">Echinothrix diadema</taxonomicName>
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closely resembles
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<taxonomicName id="C1D0231338F48BCFEA0D8FFF0B2C2F88" lsidName="E. calamaris" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" rank="species" species="calamaris">E. calamaris</taxonomicName>
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(Pallas, 1774), but differs in coloration, patterns of ambulacra, interambulacra, and apical plates.
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<taxonomicName id="E6F14F0F41A084B86772786EE52B6D4F" class="Echinoidea" family="Diadematidae" genus="Echinothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinothrix diadema" order="Diadematoida" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="diadema">Echinothrix diadema</taxonomicName>
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is not reported to have a greenish denuded test, lacks a conspicuous naked interambulacral space, and the ambulacral tubercles increase in size at the ambitus; the apical plates have numerous tubercles (
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<bibRefCitation id="D79E6B0FB425894940C2B7BF1DA75EED" author="Mortensen, T" journalOrPublisher="CA Reitzel, Copenhagen" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" title="A Monograph of the Echinoidea. III, 1. Aulodonta, with Additions to Vol. II (Lepidocentroida and Stirodonta)." year="1940">Mortensen 1940</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7C01EC632125CD561A436118199B8D08" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
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The current record was not included in previous South African reviews (
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<bibRefCitation id="C4F122293608EF4D62807D9BB60F56A3" author="Filander, Z" journalOrPublisher="African Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" pagination="47 - 56" title="Additions to and revision of the South African echinoid fauna (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)." volume="10" year="2014">Filander and Griffiths 2014</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="9960CF1AF6ED9682AE875E07C5815EBC" author="Filander, Z" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 72" title="Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4296.1.1" volume="4296" year="2017">Filander and Griffiths 2017</bibRefCitation>
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) because these publications were based on Iziko South African Museum samples and online accessible samples. Presented here is new material from the Royal Museum for Central Africa, which was not known by the authors at the time (
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<bibRefCitation id="85D92C78875F561B3C16C9715230AEE0" author="Filander, Z" journalOrPublisher="African Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" pagination="47 - 56" title="Additions to and revision of the South African echinoid fauna (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)." volume="10" year="2014">Filander and Griffiths 2014</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="6B2093A8F5C7CF56AABC5D8452BD1FA6" author="Filander, Z" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 72" title="Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4296.1.1" volume="4296" year="2017">Filander and Griffiths 2017</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |