157 lines
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157 lines
16 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.857.34938" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ac2d4aed-872a-48ad-91e8-f8a3f51f7c7f" ID-PMC="PMC6606671" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-857-59" ID-PubMed="31303805" ID-ZBK="27E52E850B31445EBC90C7D5D17C429A" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="1313-2970-857-59" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 857" ModsDocTitle="A new genus of Pelecotominae from Mexico, with notes on the genera Clinops and Scotoscopus and the description of new species (Coleoptera, Ripiphoridae)" checkinTime="1561532591110" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Engel, Michael S., Falin, Zachary H. & Batelka, Jan" docDate="2019" docId="1C12822F138BE761F59A647FAB882EFA" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 857: 59-84" docOrigin="ZooKeys 857" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.857.34938" docTitle="Clinops Gerstaecker" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="59" masterDocId="FFA5CF681E502B08FFCBFFCFFF8B2238" masterDocTitle="A new genus of Pelecotominae from Mexico, with notes on the genera Clinops and Scotoscopus and the description of new species (Coleoptera, Ripiphoridae)" masterLastPageNumber="84" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="59" updateTime="1668167435478" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new genus of Pelecotominae from Mexico, with notes on the genera Clinops and Scotoscopus and the description of new species (Coleoptera, Ripiphoridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Engel, Michael S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Falin, Zachary H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Batelka, Jan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>857</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>59</mods:start>
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<mods:end>84</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.857.34938</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.857.34938</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-857-59</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">27E52E850B31445EBC90C7D5D17C429A</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">27E52E850B31445EBC90C7D5D17C429A</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="158387748" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1C12822F138BE761F59A647FAB882EFA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C12822F138BE761F59A647FAB882EFA" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName authority="Gerstaecker" class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Clinops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clinops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Clinops Gerstaecker</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Clinops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clinops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Clinops</taxonomicName>
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Gerstaecker, 1855a: 16. Type species:
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Clinops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clinops badius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="badius">Clinops badius</taxonomicName>
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Gerstaecker, 1855, by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
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Body slender; elytra 3.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–3.4×">-3.4x</normalizedToken>
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as long as pronotal disc; coloration light to dark brown, with fine, short golden to light or dark brown setae; head with postocular genae expanded into lobes; compound eye not expanded beyond mandibular base and with a small extra-antennal sclerotous emargination; antenna with eleven antennomeres; male antenna with antennomeres
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–III">I-III</normalizedToken>
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simple,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="IV–X">IV-X</normalizedToken>
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with inner-facing, flabellate, compressed rami, XI similar in shape to preceding rami; female antenna similar to male with much shorter, pectinate, compressed rami; ultimate maxillary palpomere trapezoidal, apical width slightly less than maximum length, with blunt, truncate apex, not grossly enlarged; distal sensory duct on ultimate maxillary palpomere elongate, strongly oblique. Lateral aspect of pronotum with a ventrally bowed sulcus; pronotal disc without longitudinal medial impression; mesosternum weakly convex, without medial keel; metepisternum without elytron-receiving carina; posterior aspect of metepimeron slightly expanded. Metacoxa with strongly developed posterior flange; ventral surface of pro- and mesofemora in males without densely setose patch; tibial spur formula 0-0-2; pretarsal claws apically bifid, with or without a small, peg-like subsidiary tooth at midlength. Male genitalia with parameres weakly curved with apices widely separated from each other.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="comments">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
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The identity of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Clinops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clinops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Clinops</taxonomicName>
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has presented quite a historical challenge.
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<bibRefCitation author="Gerstaecker, [CE] A" journalOrPublisher="Schlesinger, Berolini" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" title="Rhipiphoridum Coleopterorum familiae dispositio systematica. Dissertatio Inauguralis Zoologica quam consensu et auctoritate amplissimi philosophorum ordinis in alma litterarum universitate Friderica Guilelma pro summis in philosophia honoribus rite capessendis die IV. M. Julii a MDCCCLV. Hora XII. Publice defendet auctor A. Gerstaecker, med. Dr. Berolinensis." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68430" year="1855 a">Gerstaecker (1855a</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Gerstaecker, CEA" journalOrPublisher="Schlesinger, Berolini" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68430" year="1855 b">1855b</bibRefCitation>
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) described the tibial spur formula for
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Clinops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clinops badius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="badius">Clinops badius</taxonomicName>
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Gerstaecker as 0-?-2 ("tibiis anticis muticis,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="mediis–">mediis-</normalizedToken>
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?, posticis bispinosis"), as both midlegs were missing in his female holotype (Figs 15-16).
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<bibRefCitation pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Falin (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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proposed a formula of 0-0-2 for the genus, basing his conclusion on a specimen he interpreted as
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. badius" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="badius">C. badius</taxonomicName>
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from TMSA (herein recognized as a separate species, vide
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. inexpectatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="inexpectatus">C. inexpectatus</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov., infra). This interpretation for the genus is followed herein as it is consistent with what little is known of the tibial spur formulas for the three South African species we recognize:
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. badius" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="badius">C. badius</taxonomicName>
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0-?-2,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. inexpectatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="inexpectatus">C. inexpectatus</taxonomicName>
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0-0-2, and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. perpessus" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="perpessus">C. perpessus</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. 0-0-?. Accordingly, the tibial spur formula for
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Clinops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clinops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Clinops</taxonomicName>
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differs from that of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Scotoscopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scotoscopus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Scotoscopus</taxonomicName>
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Brenske and Reitter (vide infra), and the two genera are considered distinct, pending phylogenetic work throughout the subfamily.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
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There is a possibility that the differences observed between
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. inexpectatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="inexpectatus">C. inexpectatus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. perpessus" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="perpessus">C. perpessus</taxonomicName>
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are only sex differences rather than species distinctions. There are sexual dimorphisms known among pelecotomines, such as differences in the ultimate maxillary palpomeres of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Ancholaemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ancholaemus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ancholaemus</taxonomicName>
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Gerstaecker or color of the pronotal disc in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Scotoscopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scotoscopus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Scotoscopus</taxonomicName>
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. Nonetheless, we believe the differences in head and pronotal shape reflect features specific to species, particularly as these are not known to be sexually variable in any other pelecotomines. Accordingly, we believe that the material described here represents distinct taxa. Naturally, the discovery of further material from a variety of localities will allow for further testing of this hypothesis.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
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It is interesting to note that while the form of the pretarsal claws has historically been used as a distinguishing feature for many genera, such as the conditions of bifid or pectinate, and in many cases such a difference does concord with other attributes, there is variation within
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Clinops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clinops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Clinops</taxonomicName>
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. Among the species included here are those with strictly bifid claws, i.e., with a subapical ramus (tooth) that opposes the apical terminus of the claw, as well as one (
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. inexpectatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="inexpectatus">C. inexpectatus</taxonomicName>
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) that has the typical bifid form coupled with the presence of a smaller, subsidiary tooth at about midlength (Fig. 26). It is therefore fascinating that with the addition of more and more such subsidiary teeth one progresses naturally into a pectinate condition. The claw of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Scotoscopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scotoscopus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Scotoscopus</taxonomicName>
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(vide infra: Fig. 29) is somewhat similar albeit less pronounced, in that there is at least one, exceptionally short and blunt projection (appearing like a worn tooth) proximal to the initial ramus forming the bifid claw. It will be illuminating to more fully explore the complete ranges of variation in claw structure across the subfamily once more material and more species are discovered, and to develop clear homologies for the various elements in both bifid and pectinate claws and see how these various homologous elements distribute in a cladistic framework.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
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The genus is presently recorded only from South Africa. The precise locality from which
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Gerstaecker’s">Gerstaecker's</normalizedToken>
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holotype of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. badius" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="badius">C. badius</taxonomicName>
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was collected is not known.
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<bibRefCitation author="Gerstaecker, [CE] A" journalOrPublisher="Schlesinger, Berolini" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" title="Rhipiphoridum Coleopterorum familiae dispositio systematica. Dissertatio Inauguralis Zoologica quam consensu et auctoritate amplissimi philosophorum ordinis in alma litterarum universitate Friderica Guilelma pro summis in philosophia honoribus rite capessendis die IV. M. Julii a MDCCCLV. Hora XII. Publice defendet auctor A. Gerstaecker, med. Dr. Berolinensis." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68430" year="1855 a">Gerstaecker (1855a</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Gerstaecker, CEA" journalOrPublisher="Schlesinger, Berolini" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68430" year="1855 b">1855b)</bibRefCitation>
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indicated the type locality only as
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Caffraria”">"Caffraria"</normalizedToken>
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. This name (properly Kaffraria) was a historical, descriptive term for the southeastern region of the Eastern Cape (in which case the type locality was somewhere more southward coastally from the localities where the other two species were found). The newly described species,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. inexpectatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="inexpectatus">C. inexpectatus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. perpessus" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="perpessus">C. perpessus</taxonomicName>
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, were collected on the eastern coast of South Africa, the former northeast of Durban toward Swaziland, and the latter somewhere in the region of Durban.
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<bibRefCitation author="Franciscolo, ME" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, Series B, Taxonomy" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" pagination="155 - 163" title="On the systematic position of the genus Ctenidia Castelnau, 1840 (Coleoptera). (Contribution XXXIV to the knowledge of the Mordellidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1952.tb01038.x" volume="21" year="1952">Franciscolo (1952</bibRefCitation>
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: antenna in his fig. 37) reported a female of "
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Pelecotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pelecotoma" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pelecotoma</taxonomicName>
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sp." from Cape Town, undoubtedly a misidentification for a specimen of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ripiphoridae" genus="Clinops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clinops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Clinops</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Batelka, J" journalOrPublisher="Folia Heyrovskyana, Serie A" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" pagination="27 - 34" title="New synonym of the genus Clinops (Coleoptera: Ripiphoridae) with bionomical and distributional notes on C. spectabilis." volume="13" year="2005">Batelka 2005</bibRefCitation>
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), but the whereabouts of this specimen is unknown to us. The genus is probably widely distributed in woodlands of South Africa, perhaps escaping the attention of entomologists owing to its parasitoid biology.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |