357 lines
40 KiB
XML
357 lines
40 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="9BA27760265942DE6500E6FB27D2AD76">
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<mods:title id="980FEE1AB8127729A54BC10DEAF0F991">The non-Siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="76EA5C25FB14304DE31217DF7F3E2D5D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="62C5A3BBE5CDD3F0515A5059F8849EAB">Gravili, Cinzia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F95CB618F20D801AD7CEFCD0EA5E41DB">Vito, Doris De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8E08D780DF735185F6571593B6FD7409">Camillo, Cristina Gioia Di</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5101724465F046607B7D0AEE2CFD8D9E">Martell, Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="22E8DBE14443D21B75AD719AA2309892">Piraino, Stefano</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C432C116D66F8B5BAF3BCEFE37B4AB82">Boero, Ferdinando</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="01954B127138BAE6F777AE73331435BF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0572846DB4DD1C7D51004AE3D9DF608C">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5D6E7D8F029B4B9EB8AB7F85EC5ABC63">3908</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03F887DEFFC1FF819CD60CB1D275F8D2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6107021" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119591097" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6107021" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F887DEFFC1FF819CD60CB1D275F8D2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F887DEFFC1FF819CD60CB1D275F8D2" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFC1FF8E9CD60CB1D4AFFBAE" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFC1FF8E9CD60CB1D592FBC4" blockId="55.[151,683,1016,1075]" box="[151,683,1016,1042]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<heading id="D0A681A4FFC1FF8E9CD60CB1D592FBC4" bold="true" box="[151,683,1016,1042]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFC1FF8E9CD60CB1D592FBC4" ID-CoL="4ZLY9" authority="Haeckel, 1879" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,683,1016,1042]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corynidae" genus="Stauridiosarsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ophiogaster">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFC1FF8E9CD60CB1D592FBC4" bold="true" box="[151,683,1016,1042]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFC1FF8E9CD60CB1D6D8FBC4" bold="true" box="[151,481,1016,1042]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Stauridiosarsia ophiogaster</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFC1FF8E9DB00CB1D59AFBC4" author="Haeckel" box="[497,675,1016,1042]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refString="Haeckel, E. (1879) Das System der Medusen. Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen [Craspedotae]. Denkschriften der medicinisch - naturwissenschaftlichen. Gesellschaft. Jena, 1, 360 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1086 / 272662" type="book" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFC1FF8E9CD60B53D622FBE4" blockId="55.[151,683,1016,1075]" box="[151,283,1050,1075]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<figureCitation id="136A2A4DFFC1FF8E9CD60B53D7DEFBE5" box="[151,231,1050,1075]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="55.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[268,1317,1199,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[264,1324,1197,1925]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 38. Stauridiosarsia ophiogaster: A, hydranth with medusa buds; B, medusa (A drawn by F. Boero; B drawn by C. G. Di Camillo). Scale bars: A, 0.1 mm; B, 2.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242767/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
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A, B
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFC1FF8E9CD60B2BD4AFFBAE" blockId="55.[151,918,1122,1144]" box="[151,918,1122,1144]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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See
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFC1FF8E9C830B2BD691FBAE" box="[194,424,1122,1144]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refString="Nawrocki, A. M., Schuchert, P. & Cartwright, P. (2010) Phylogenetics and evolution of Capitata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), and the systematics of Corynidae. Zoologica Scripta, 39 (3), 290 - 304. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.2009.00419. x" type="journal article">
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Nawrocki
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFC1FF8E9D6D0B2AD666FBAE" box="[300,351,1122,1144]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
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(2010)
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</bibRefCitation>
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and Schuchert (2010) for a complete synonymy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF2E6640FFC1FF8E9CD608D3D544F819" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242767/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" targetBox="[268,1317,1199,1921]" targetPageId="55">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFC1FF8E9CD608D3D544F819" blockId="55.[151,1436,1946,1999]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFC1FF8E9CD608D3D619F879" bold="true" box="[151,288,1946,1968]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">FIGURE 38.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFC1FF8E9D6708D3D578F866" box="[294,577,1946,1968]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corynidae" genus="Stauridiosarsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ophiogaster">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFC1FF8E9D6708D3D578F866" box="[294,577,1946,1968]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Stauridiosarsia ophiogaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFC1FF8E9E0E08D3D558F879" bold="true" box="[591,609,1946,1967]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">A</emphasis>
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, hydranth with medusa buds;
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFC1FF8E9FD508D3D49CF879" bold="true" box="[916,933,1946,1967]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">B</emphasis>
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, medusa (A drawn by F. Boero; B drawn by C.G. Di Camillo). Scale bars: A, 0.1 mm; B, 2.0 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFCEFF819CD60FDED688FF03" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFCEFF819CD60FDED688FF03" blockId="56.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFCEFF819CD60FDED6B4FF66" bold="true" box="[151,397,151,176]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Material examined.</emphasis>
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HCUS-S 0 43 (Hydrozoa Collection, University of Salento—fauna of the Salento Peninsula)—polyp stage.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFCEFF819C860F96D7E6FAE6" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFCEFF819C860F96D570FECA" blockId="56.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFCEFF819C860F96D668FF2E" bold="true" box="[199,337,223,248]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Description</emphasis>
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(based on our own observations;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF819E8C0F96D4ECFF2E" author="Brinckmann-Voss" box="[717,981,223,248]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Brinckmann-Voss, A. (1970) Anthomedusae / Athecata (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the Mediterranean. Part I. Capitata. Fauna Flora Golfo di Napoli, 39, 1 - 96." type="journal article" year="1970">Brinckmann-Voss 1970</bibRefCitation>
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as
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFCEFF819FBA0FA9D3F6FF2E" box="[1019,1231,223,248]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corynidae" genus="Sarsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ophiogaster">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFCEFF819FBA0FA9D3F6FF2E" box="[1019,1231,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Sarsia ophiogaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF81989E0F96D2A5FF2E" author="Schuchert" box="[1247,1436,223,248]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Schuchert, P. (2001 b) Survey of the family Corynidae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 108 (4), 739 - 878." type="journal article" year="2001" yearSuffix="b">Schuchert 2001b</bibRefCitation>
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as
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFCEFF819CF40E4CD6CDFECA" box="[181,500,260,285]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corynidae" genus="Dipurena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ophiogaster">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFCEFF819CF40E4CD693FECB" box="[181,426,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Dipurena ophiogaster</emphasis>
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, 2010
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</taxonomicName>
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, 2012):
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFCEFF819C860E6ED4B7FDCE" blockId="56.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFCEFF819C860E6ED60AFE96" bold="true" box="[199,307,295,320]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Hydroid.</emphasis>
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Hydrorhiza as creeping, ramified tubules; colonies stolonal, up to
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<quantity id="4CA99B2DFFCEFF81985D0E61D364FEE9" box="[1052,1117,296,320]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
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high; hydrocaulus generally unbranched or branched once, covered by thin, smooth perisarc that widens distally allowing the basal part of hydranth to retract into this enlargement; hydranth clavate to cylindrical; hypostome, large and rounded, ectoderm of hypostome differentiating into a well developed cap of glandular cells; with 10–18 capitate tentacles in one oral whorl of 4 tentacles and below them lower capitate tentacles scattered or in indistinct whorls; with one aboral whorl of 2–6 filiform tentacles (often reduced or absent); medusa buds developing in 2–3 clusters below the capitate tentacles and above filiform tentacles, 2–6 buds per cluster.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFCEFF819C860D6DD65CFDB6" blockId="56.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFCEFF819C860D6DD651FDEB" bold="true" box="[199,360,548,573]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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Habitat
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<typeStatus id="54EA886AFFCEFF819D6F0D6DD65AFDEB" box="[302,355,548,573]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">type</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Rocky infralittoral zone (depth-range: 0–50) (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF819FC90D6DD3A1FDEA" author="Brinckmann-Voss" box="[904,1176,548,573]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Brinckmann-Voss, A. (1970) Anthomedusae / Athecata (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the Mediterranean. Part I. Capitata. Fauna Flora Golfo di Napoli, 39, 1 - 96." type="journal article" year="1970">Brinckmann-Voss 1970</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF8198E90D6CD2AEFDEB" author="Boero" box="[1192,1431,548,573]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF819CD60D0ED660FDB6" author="Schuchert" box="[151,345,583,608]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Schuchert, P. (2001 b) Survey of the family Corynidae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 108 (4), 739 - 878." type="journal article" year="2001" yearSuffix="b">Schuchert 2001b</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFCEFF819C860D25D5CBFD53" blockId="56.[151,1437,151,1797]" box="[199,754,620,645]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFCEFF819C860D25D678FD53" bold="true" box="[199,321,620,645]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Substrate.</emphasis>
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Algae, bryozoans, barnacles, mussels.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFCEFF819C860DC6D563FD39" blockId="56.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFCEFF819C860DC6D66DFD7E" bold="true" box="[199,340,655,680]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Seasonality.</emphasis>
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From February to May, scarce from June to January (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF819FFD0DC6D3F1FD7E" author="Brinckmann-Voss" box="[956,1224,655,680]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Brinckmann-Voss, A. (1970) Anthomedusae / Athecata (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the Mediterranean. Part I. Capitata. Fauna Flora Golfo di Napoli, 39, 1 - 96." type="journal article" year="1970">Brinckmann-Voss 1970</bibRefCitation>
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) in the Tyrrhenian Sea; from October to May (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF819D8E0DFDD58AFD1B" author="Boero" box="[463,691,692,717]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
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) in the Ligurian Sea; from October to February, May, August (De Vito 2006; this study) in Salento waters.
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFCEFF819C860DB5D588FCEE" blockId="56.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFCEFF819C860DB5D6F1FCC3" bold="true" box="[199,456,764,789]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Reproductive period.</emphasis>
|
||
April–May (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF819E200DB5D44BFCC2" author="Brinckmann-Voss" box="[609,882,764,789]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Brinckmann-Voss, A. (1970) Anthomedusae / Athecata (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the Mediterranean. Part I. Capitata. Fauna Flora Golfo di Napoli, 39, 1 - 96." type="journal article" year="1970">Brinckmann-Voss 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); February–March (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF8198180DB5D270FCC3" author="Boero" box="[1113,1353,764,789]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); April (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF819CDF0C69D62AFCEE" author="Goy" box="[158,275,800,824]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Goy, J. (1997) The medusae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) and their trophic environment: An example in the Northwestern Mediterranean. Annales de l'Institut Oceanographique, 73 (2), 159 - 171." type="journal article" year="1997">Goy 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); January (De Vito 2006; this study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFCEFF819C860C0DD471FB76" blockId="56.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFCEFF819C860C0DD614FC8B" bold="true" box="[199,301,836,861]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Medusa.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult. Umbrella bell-shaped, 4–5.5 mm high, 1.5 times higher than wide, mesoglea unevenly thick, becoming gradually thicker from margin towards top, at apex 3 times as thick as lateral walls, with distinct rounded apical chamber; manubrium with a long thin serpentine proximal part and a broader distal (oral) extremity, very long, up to 3 times the umbrella height; mouth simple, tubular; 4 narrow radial canals and circular canal; gonads distributed in 2–9 broad rings, encircling completely manubrium leaving upper third free, most distal one covering the distal swollen part; relaxed velum spanning half to two-fifths of radius; 4 marginal bulbs, rather flat, with cnidocyst pads, bulb cavity egg-shaped; circular canal entering bulbs adaxially; each marginal bulb with one very long and thin tentacle, length up to 5 times umbrella height, with numerous, irregularly distributed cnidocyst clusters and a small terminal cluster; with an abaxial ocellus on each marginal bulb. Colours: ocelli black-brown, bulbs and apical chamber yellowish brown or reddish yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFCEFF819C860BE5D4EDFB3E" blockId="56.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Developmental stages. The newly released medusae have 8 distinct, broad, adradial rows of spherical exumbrellar nematocysts, tentacles bear 18 and more nematocyst clusters.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFCEFF819C860BBDD7E6FAE6" blockId="56.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFCEFF819C860BBDD602FADB" bold="true" box="[199,315,1268,1293]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Cnidome.</emphasis>
|
||
Stenoteles (polyp); stenoteles and rarely a few isorhizas along the radial canals (medusa) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF8199790BBDD7EAFAE6" author="Bouillon" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Bouillon, J. (1971) Sur quelques Hydroides de Roscoff. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 12 (3), 323 - 364." type="journal article" year="1971">Bouillon 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFCEFF819C860A75D5E3FA16" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFCEFF819C860A75D405FAAE" blockId="56.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFCEFF819C860A75D659FA83" bold="true" box="[199,352,1340,1365]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Atlantic, Indo-Pacific, Mediterranean (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF819F580A75D31CFA82" author="Brinckmann-Voss" box="[793,1061,1340,1365]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Brinckmann-Voss, A. (1970) Anthomedusae / Athecata (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the Mediterranean. Part I. Capitata. Fauna Flora Golfo di Napoli, 39, 1 - 96." type="journal article" year="1970">Brinckmann-Voss 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF8198700A75D2AEFA83" author="Medel" box="[1073,1431,1340,1365]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Medel, M. D. & Lopez-Gonzalez, P. J. (1996) Updated catalogue of the Hydrozoans from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands with remarks on zoogeography and affinities. Scientia Marina, 60 (1), 183 - 209." type="journal article" year="1996">Medel & López-González 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF819CD60A16D661FAAE" author="Schuchert" box="[151,344,1375,1400]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Schuchert, P. (2001 b) Survey of the family Corynidae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 108 (4), 739 - 878." type="journal article" year="2001" yearSuffix="b">Schuchert 2001b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFCEFF819D8D0A28D53DFAAE" box="[460,516,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF819E100A16D409FAAE" author="Gravili" box="[593,816,1375,1400]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFCEFF819EE90A28D5D9FAAE" box="[680,736,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFCEFF819C860ACDD5E3FA16" blockId="56.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFCEFF819C860ACDD68DFA4B" bold="true" box="[199,436,1412,1437]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Records in Salento.</emphasis>
|
||
Rare at: Grotta del Ciolo (Denitto
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFCEFF819F130ACCD4BFFA4B" box="[850,902,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007); Otranto (De Vito 2006; Gravili 2006;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF819CD60AEED64CFA16" author="Gravili" box="[151,373,1447,1472]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFCEFF819CAC0AE0D61CFA16" box="[237,293,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF819D3E0AEED56BFA16" author="Piraino" box="[383,594,1447,1472]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Piraino, S., De Vito, D., Brodbeck, E., Di Camillo, G. C., Fanelli, G. & Boero, F. (2013) Destructive standard squares or lowimpact visually driven collection? A comparison of methods for quantitative samplings of benthic hydrozoans. Italian Journal of Zoology, 80 (3), 424 - 436. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250003.2013.787461" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Piraino
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFCEFF819D960AE0D529FA16" box="[471,528,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; this study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFCEFF819C860A85D225F9FA" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFCEFF819C860A85D225F9FA" blockId="56.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFCEFF819C860A85D602FA33" bold="true" box="[199,315,1484,1509]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Only the hydroid stage and the new born medusa were seen in the present study. The adult medusa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFCEFF819CF70AB9D663F9DE" box="[182,346,1519,1544]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corynidae" genus="Dipurena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ophiogaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFCEFF819CF70AB9D663F9DE" box="[182,346,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">S. ophiogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not easily distinguishable from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFCEFF819EA50AB8D405F9DE" box="[740,828,1521,1544]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corynidae" genus="Dipurena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="reesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFCEFF819EA50AB8D405F9DE" box="[740,828,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">D. reesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF819F3A0AA6D3BFF9DE" author="Brinckmann-Voss" box="[891,1158,1519,1544]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Brinckmann-Voss, A. (1970) Anthomedusae / Athecata (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the Mediterranean. Part I. Capitata. Fauna Flora Golfo di Napoli, 39, 1 - 96." type="journal article" year="1970">Brinckmann-Voss 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF8198D20AA6D26FF9DE" author="Schuchert" box="[1171,1366,1519,1544]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Schuchert, P. (2001 b) Survey of the family Corynidae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 108 (4), 739 - 878." type="journal article" year="2001" yearSuffix="b">Schuchert 2001b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This species was previously included in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFCEFF819ED5095CD5C7F9FA" box="[660,766,1557,1580]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corynidae" genus="Dipurena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFCEFF819ED5095CD5C7F9FA" box="[660,766,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Dipurena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF819F78095DD31FF9FA" author="Nawrocki" box="[825,1062,1556,1581]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Nawrocki, A. M., Schuchert, P. & Cartwright, P. (2010) Phylogenetics and evolution of Capitata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), and the systematics of Corynidae. Zoologica Scripta, 39 (3), 290 - 304. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.2009.00419. x" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Nawrocki
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFCEFF819FEE095CD4D9F9FB" box="[943,992,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and Schuchert 2010).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFCEFF819C86097ED275F8D2" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFCEFF819C86097ED275F8D2" blockId="56.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFCEFF819C86097ED669F986" bold="true" box="[199,336,1591,1616]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">References.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF819D1D0971D6C2F986" author="Mayer" box="[348,507,1592,1616]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1910) Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae. Vol. I & II. Washington, Carnegie Institution, 735 pp." type="book" year="1910">Mayer (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFCEFF819E6A097ED4CFF986" authority="Hartlaub (1917)" authorityName="Hartlaub" authorityYear="1917" box="[555,1014,1591,1616]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corynidae" genus="Slabberia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ophiogaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFCEFF819E6A097ED411F986" box="[555,808,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Slabberia ophiogaster</emphasis>
|
||
, Hartlaub (1917)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF819846097ED27AF986" author="Tregouboff" box="[1031,1347,1591,1616]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Tregouboff, G. & Rose, M. (1957) Manuel de Planctonologie Mediterraneenne. Tome I & II. C. N. R. S., Paris, 587 pp. & 31 pls. [pls. 62 - 93]." type="book chapter" year="1957">Trégouboff & Rose (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF819914097ED7D7F9A3" author="Picard" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Picard, J. (1958 a) Origines et affinites de la faune d'hydropolypes (Gymnoblastes et Calyptoblastes) et d'hydromeduses (Anthomeduses et Leptomeduses) de la Mediterranee. Rapports et proces verbaux des Reunions de la Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee Monaco, 14, 187 - 199." type="journal article" year="1958" yearSuffix="a">Picard (1958a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFCEFF819D5A0914D58EF9A3" authority="Kramp" authorityName="Kramp" authorityYear="1959" box="[283,695,1628,1653]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corynidae" genus="Slabberia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ophiogaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFCEFF819D5A0914D687F9A3" box="[283,446,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">S. ophiogaster</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF819D900914D554F9A3" author="Kramp" box="[465,621,1628,1653]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1959) The Hydromedusae of the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters. Dana-Report, 46, 1 - 283." type="journal article" year="1959">Kramp (1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF819E3D0915D58EF9A3" author="Kramp" box="[636,695,1628,1653]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1961) Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 40, 1 - 469. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315400007347" type="journal article" year="1961">1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF819E8E0915D4DFF9A2" author="Brinckmann-Voss" box="[719,998,1628,1653]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Brinckmann-Voss, A. (1970) Anthomedusae / Athecata (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the Mediterranean. Part I. Capitata. Fauna Flora Golfo di Napoli, 39, 1 - 96." type="journal article" year="1970">Brinckmann-Voss (1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF819FB40915D317F9A2" author="Brinckmann-Voss" box="[1013,1070,1628,1652]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Brinckmann-Voss, A. (1987) Seasonal distribution of hydromedusae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Gulf of Naples and vicinity, with observations on sexual and asexual reproduction in some species. In: Bouillon, J., Boero, F., Cicogna, F. & Cornelius, P. F. S. (Eds.), Modern trends in the Systematics, Ecology and Evolution of Hydroids and Hydromedusae. Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 133 - 141." type="book chapter" year="1987">1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFCEFF8198220914D7EAF94E" authority="Goy" authorityName="Goy" authorityYear="1973" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corynidae" genus="Slabberia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ophiogaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFCEFF8198220914D23EF9A3" box="[1123,1287,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">S. ophiogaster</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF8199580915D2AEF9A2" author="Goy" box="[1305,1431,1628,1652]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Goy, J. (1973) Les Hydromeduses de la mer Ligure. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, Serie 3 (Zoologie), 83 (62), 965 - 1008." type="journal article" year="1973">Goy (1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF819CD609C9D7EAF94E" author="Goy" box="[151,211,1664,1688]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Goy, J. (1997) The medusae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) and their trophic environment: An example in the Northwestern Mediterranean. Annales de l'Institut Oceanographique, 73 (2), 159 - 171." type="journal article" year="1997">1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF819CA809C9D6B4F94E" author="Boero" box="[233,397,1664,1688]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Boero, F. (1981 c) Osservazioni ecologiche sugli idroidi de la fascia a mitili della Riviera Ligure di Levante. Cahiers de Biologie marine, 22 (1), 107 - 117." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="c">Boero (1981c)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFCEFF819DF709C9D5B4F94E" ID-CoL="79PNH" box="[438,653,1663,1688]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corynidae" genus="Sarsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ophiogaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFCEFF819DF709C9D5B4F94E" box="[438,653,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Sarsia ophiogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF819EDC0936D4FBF94E" author="Lakkis" box="[669,962,1663,1688]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Lakkis, S. & Zeidane, R. (1985) Les hydromeduses des eaux neritiques libanaises: composition et distribution. Rapports et Proces-Verbaux des Reunions Commision Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee, Monaco, 29 (9), 179 - 180." type="journal article" year="1985">Lakkis & Zeidane (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF819F8E09C9D3FEF94E" author="Boero" box="[975,1223,1663,1688]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFCEFF8198B109C9D2ADF94E" ID-CoL="79PNH" box="[1264,1428,1663,1688]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corynidae" genus="Sarsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ophiogaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFCEFF8198B109C9D2ADF94E" box="[1264,1428,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">S. ophiogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF819CD609EDD668F96A" author="Goy" box="[151,337,1700,1725]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Goy, J., Lakkis, S. & Zeidane, R. (1988) Les Meduses de la Mediterranee orientale. Rapports et Proces-Verbaux des Reunions Commision Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee, Monaco, 31 (2), 299." type="journal article" year="1988">
|
||
Goy
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFCEFF819C8F09ECD63EF96B" box="[206,263,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1988
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF819D1C09EDD6A1F96A" author="Goy" box="[349,408,1700,1724]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Goy, J., Lakkis, S. & Zeidane, R. (1990) Les Meduses de la Mediterranee orientale. In: Godeaux, J. (Ed.), A propos des migrations lessepsiennes. Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique de Monaco, No. Spec. 7, pp. 79 - 88." type="journal article" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF819DE509EDD6E6F96A" author="Goy" box="[420,479,1700,1724]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Goy, J., Lakkis, S. & Zeidane, R. (1991) Les meduses (Cnidaria) des eaux Libanaises. The medusae Cnidaria of Lebanese waters. Annales de l'Institut Oceanographique de Monaco, 67 (2), 99 - 128." type="journal article" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
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),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF819DB209EDD455F96B" author="Medel" box="[499,876,1700,1725]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Medel, M. D. & Lopez-Gonzalez, P. J. (1996) Updated catalogue of the Hydrozoans from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands with remarks on zoogeography and affinities. Scientia Marina, 60 (1), 183 - 209." type="journal article" year="1996">Medel & López-González (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF819F3909EDD394F96A" author="Buecher" box="[888,1197,1700,1725]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Buecher, E., & Gibbons, M. J. (1999) Temporal persistence in the vertical structure of the assemblage of planktonic medusae in the NW Mediterranean Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 189, 105 - 115. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3354 / meps 189105" type="journal article" year="1999">Buecher & Gibbons (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF8198F809EDD2A5F96A" box="[1209,1436,1700,1725]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Piraino, S., Brandini, E., Denitto, F., Esposito, L. & Avian, M. (1999) La diversita degli Cnidari nella riserva marina di Ustica. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 6 (1), 272 - 274." type="journal article">
|
||
Piraino
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFCEFF81995309ECD273F96B" box="[1298,1354,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1999)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFCEFF819CF40981D548F936" ID-CoL="79PNH" authority="Schuchert" authorityName="Schuchert" authorityYear="2001" box="[181,625,1735,1760]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corynidae" genus="Sarsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ophiogaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFCEFF819CF40981D66CF936" box="[181,341,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">S. ophiogaster</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF819D22098ED515F936" author="Schuchert" box="[355,556,1735,1760]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Schuchert, P. (2001 b) Survey of the family Corynidae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 108 (4), 739 - 878." type="journal article" year="2001" yearSuffix="b">Schuchert (2001b</bibRefCitation>
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||
, 2010
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 2012), Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFCEFF819F750980D455F936" box="[820,876,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2004) as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFCEFF819FA00980D249F936" ID-CoL="79PNH" authority="Touzri et al. (2004)" authorityName="Touzri et al." authorityYear="2004" box="[993,1392,1735,1760]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corynidae" genus="Sarsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ophiogaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFCEFF819FA00980D3B1F936" box="[993,1160,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">D. ophiogaster</emphasis>
|
||
, Touzri
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFCEFF8198A50980D225F936" box="[1252,1308,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2004)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, De Vito (2006), Gravili (2006), Denitto
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFCEFF819E7109A4D55BF8D3" box="[560,610,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2007),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF819E8909A5D464F8D2" author="Galea" box="[712,861,1772,1797]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Galea, H. R. (2007) Hydrozoa, La Ciotat and nearby areas, Mediterranean coast of France. Check List, 3 (3), 193 - 199." type="journal article" year="2007">Galea (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF819F2809A5D361F8D2" box="[873,1112,1772,1797]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article">
|
||
Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFCEFF819FFE09A4D4C1F8D3" box="[959,1016,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFCEFF81982509A5D271F8D2" box="[1124,1352,1772,1797]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Piraino, S., De Vito, D., Brodbeck, E., Di Camillo, G. C., Fanelli, G. & Boero, F. (2013) Destructive standard squares or lowimpact visually driven collection? A comparison of methods for quantitative samplings of benthic hydrozoans. Italian Journal of Zoology, 80 (3), 424 - 436. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250003.2013.787461" type="journal article">
|
||
Piraino
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFCEFF8198FA09A4D3CDF8D3" box="[1211,1268,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |