449 lines
55 KiB
XML
449 lines
55 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F18953DC925AE0FEB9E1D12BF58894B4">The non-Siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F25FAC18ABE82031FDAD3B0CAD8272DF">Gravili, Cinzia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C277F04BB6059EC527BD31319DF8C473">Vito, Doris De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="66BC442C5FAA593743A07F6F9926E4E1">Camillo, Cristina Gioia Di</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BB6510C00B475B46222379491461260A">Martell, Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="091D433DA0FF5EABD71504F2A3F0680E">Piraino, Stefano</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="772DA4F105E0AACBE4124F516BE70221">Boero, Ferdinando</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="DAA5CC1CB81DB567904EA8FE06017C5B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6988681AEDE86BC315FD557AB355A59E">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="628925D91047044FED5F0C4C5C779A8C">3908</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03F887DEFF66FF289CD60DB5D397F86E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6107196" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119591269" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6107196" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F887DEFF66FF289CD60DB5D397F86E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F887DEFF66FF289CD60DB5D397F86E" lastPageId="145" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FF66FF299CD60DB5D564FCAA" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF66FF299CD60DB5D52EFCC0" blockId="144.[151,535,764,823]" box="[151,535,764,790]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
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<heading id="D0A681A4FF66FF299CD60DB5D52EFCC0" bold="true" box="[151,535,764,790]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF66FF299CD60DB5D52EFCC0" ID-CoL="5ZFBT" authority="Thornely, 1900" authorityName="Thornely" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,535,764,790]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="linearis">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF66FF299CD60DB5D52EFCC0" bold="true" box="[151,535,764,790]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF66FF299CD60DB5D678FCC0" bold="true" box="[151,321,764,790]" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Clytia linearis</emphasis>
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(Thornely, 1900)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF66FF299CD60C57D613FCE1" blockId="144.[151,535,764,823]" box="[151,298,798,823]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
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<figureCitation id="136A2A4DFF66FF299CD60C57D7CBFCE1" box="[151,242,798,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 103" captionStartId="144.[151,250,1941,1963]" captionTargetBox="[448,1142,949,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@144.[438,1148,942,1920]" captionTargetPageId="144" captionText="FIGURE 103. Clytia linearis: A, colony; B, hydrotheca; C, diaphragm; D, gonotheca with two medusa buds; E, newlyreleased medusa; F, eight-tentacles stage, with mature gonads; G, 15 - tentacles stage with mature gonad (modified after Boero et al. 2005). Scale bars: A, 3.0 mm; B, D, 0.5 mm; C, F, G, 1.0 mm; E, 0.3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242832/files/figure.png" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Fig. 103</figureCitation>
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A–G
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF66FF299CD60C2FD564FCAA" blockId="144.[151,605,870,892]" box="[151,605,870,892]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
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See
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF66FF299C830C2FD676FCAA" author="Calder" box="[194,335,870,892]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" refString="Calder, D. R. (1991) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda. The Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contribution, 154, i - iv, 1 - 140. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1352274" type="journal article" year="1991">Calder (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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for a complete synonymy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF2E6640FF66FF299CD608DCD498F83F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242832/files/figure.png" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" targetBox="[448,1142,949,1912]" targetPageId="144">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF66FF299CD608DCD498F83F" blockId="144.[151,1436,1941,2025]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF66FF299CD608DCD609F87D" bold="true" box="[151,304,1941,1963]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">FIGURE 103.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF66FF299D7B08DCD6E9F87D" box="[314,464,1941,1963]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="linearis">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF66FF299D7B08DCD6E9F87D" box="[314,464,1941,1963]" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Clytia linearis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF66FF299DA008DFD6CAF87D" bold="true" box="[481,499,1942,1963]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">A</emphasis>
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, colony;
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF66FF299E1B08DFD552F87D" bold="true" box="[602,619,1942,1963]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">B</emphasis>
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, hydrotheca;
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF66FF299EBC08DCD436F87D" bold="true" box="[765,783,1941,1963]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">C</emphasis>
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, diaphragm;
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF66FF299FDF08DFD489F87D" bold="true" box="[926,944,1942,1963]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">D</emphasis>
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, gonotheca with two medusa buds;
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF66FF29997508DFD27CF87D" bold="true" box="[1332,1349,1942,1963]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">E</emphasis>
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, newlyreleased medusa;
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF66FF299D0B08FCD66EF81C" bold="true" box="[330,343,1973,1994]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">F</emphasis>
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||
, eight-tentacles stage, with mature gonads;
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF66FF299F5108FDD418F81C" bold="true" box="[784,801,1972,1994]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">G</emphasis>
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, 15-tentacles stage with mature gonad (modified after Boero
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF66FF2999CB08FCD792F83F" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">et al</emphasis>
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. 2005). Scale bars: A, 3.0 mm; B, D, 0.5 mm; C, F, G, 1.0 mm; E, 0.3 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FF67FF289CD60FDED59AFF03" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF67FF289CD60FDED59AFF03" blockId="145.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
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||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF289CD60FDED6B9FF66" bold="true" box="[151,384,151,176]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Material examined.</emphasis>
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HCUS-S 110p and HCUS-S
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<quantity id="4CA99B2DFF67FF289E860FD1D43CFF66" box="[711,773,152,176]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" unit="m" value="110.0">110m</quantity>
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(Hydrozoa Collection, University of Salento—fauna of the Salento Peninsula)—polyp and medusa stages.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FF67FF289C860F96D3E5FB13" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF67FF289C860F96D27EFF2E" blockId="145.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[199,1351,223,248]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
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||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF289C860F96D66BFF2E" bold="true" box="[199,338,223,248]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Description</emphasis>
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(based on our own observations; Cornelius 1987; Altuna 1994;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF2898610F96D203FF2E" author="Lindner" box="[1056,1338,223,248]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Lindner, A. & Migotto, A. E. (2002) The life cycle of Clytia linearis and Clytia noliformis: metagenic campanulariids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) with contrasting polyp and medusa stages. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 82 (4), 541 - 553. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315402005866" type="journal article" year="2002">Lindner & Migotto 2002</bibRefCitation>
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||
):
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF67FF289C860E4DD3F0FE23" blockId="145.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF289C860E4DD60AFECB" bold="true" box="[199,307,260,285]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Hydroid.</emphasis>
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Hydrorhiza as a highly ramified stolonal system; colonies stolonal or erect, up to
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<quantity id="4CA99B2DFF67FF2899450E4DD261FECA" box="[1284,1368,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
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high; pedicels (hydrocauli) unbranched or subsympodially branched, ringed basally and distally, topped by hydrothecae; branches (hydrocladia) arising laterally, at the upper part of the axis; hydrothecae very deep, cylindrical, sides almost parallel, narrowing basally, with a thin diaphragm, straight or slightly oblique, with wide margin, 10–12 acute cusps with characteristic longitudinal central perisarcal inwards ridges extended further of the cusps, giving a striated appearance to hydrotheca. Gonothecae elongate-oval, truncate distally, narrow sub-distally and basally, borne usually on axils, on short and ringed pedicels, enclosing up to 8 developing medusa buds.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF67FF289C860EB6D5D4FDEA" blockId="145.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF289C860EB6D65DFDCE" bold="true" box="[199,356,511,536]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
|
||
Habitat
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<typeStatus id="54EA886AFF67FF289D680EB6D667FDCE" box="[297,350,511,536]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">type</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Littoral and shelf species that has been found from the tidal level to
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<quantity id="4CA99B2DFF67FF2898220D49D393FDC1" box="[1123,1194,512,536]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
|
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depth (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF2898BC0EB6D7EBFDEA" author="Marinopoulos" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Marinopoulos, J. (1981) Contribution a la connaissence des Hydraires profonds de la Mediterranee. Rapports et Proces Verbaux des Reunions, Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee, 27 (2), 175 - 176." type="journal article" year="1981">Marinopoulos 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289C9C0D6CD687FDEB" author="Boero" box="[221,446,548,573]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in the Mediterranean Sea.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF67FF289C860D0ED6D3FD53" blockId="145.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF289C860D0ED678FDB6" bold="true" box="[199,321,583,608]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Substrate.</emphasis>
|
||
Algae,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF67FF289DE30D0ED5BCFDB6" box="[418,645,583,608]" class="Liliopsida" family="Posidoniaceae" genus="Posidonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oceanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF289DE30D0ED5BCFDB6" box="[418,645,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Posidonia oceanica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, rock, hydroids, sponges, bryozoans, polychaete tubes, anthozoans, cirripedes, and mollusc shells.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF67FF289C860DC6D2A3FD1A" blockId="145.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF289C860DC6D66DFD7E" bold="true" box="[199,340,655,680]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Seasonality.</emphasis>
|
||
July–August (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289E410DD9D4DBFD7E" author="Pena" box="[512,994,656,680]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Garcia Carrascosa, A. M. (2002) The benthic hydroid fauna of the Chafarinas Islands (Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 337, 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="2002">Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), throughout the year (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF2898B00DD9D7EAFD1B" author="Boero" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289C9C0DFDD691FD1A" author="Llobet" box="[221,424,692,717]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Llobet, I., Gili, J. M. & Hughes, R. G. (1991) Horizontal, vertical and seasonal distributions of epiphytic Hydrozoa on the alga Halimeda tuna in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Marine Biology Berlin, 110 (1), 151 - 159. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 01313102" type="journal article" year="1991">
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||
Llobet
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||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF289D6F0DFCD667FD1B" box="[302,350,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1991
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
; De Vito 2006; Puce
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF289ED70DFCD5F1FD1B" box="[662,712,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009; this study) in several localities of the Mediterranean Sea.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF67FF289C860D9ED3E3FC8B" blockId="145.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF289C860D9ED6FEFD26" bold="true" box="[199,455,727,752]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Reproductive period.</emphasis>
|
||
January (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289E780D9ED5F1FD26" author="Picard" box="[569,712,727,752]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Picard, J. (1955) Nouvelles recherches sur les hydromeduses des Herbiers mediterraneens de Posidonies. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine D'Endoume, 15 (Bulleton 9), 59 - 71." type="journal article" year="1955">Picard 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), April (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289F6D0D91D321FD26" author="Boero" box="[812,1048,727,752]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Gili 1986), June (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF2898B50D91D7EAFCC3" author="Boero" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289C9F0DB4D665FCC3" author="Roca" box="[222,348,764,789]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Roca, I. (1986) Estudio de los Cnidarios Bentonicos de las aguas costeras de Mallorca. Tesis, Universitat de les illes Balears, Facultat de Ciencies, Palma de Mallorca, 32 pp." type="book" year="1986">Roca 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), July (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289DEE0DB5D446FCC2" author="Pena" box="[431,895,764,788]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Garcia Carrascosa, A. M. (2002) The benthic hydroid fauna of the Chafarinas Islands (Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 337, 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="2002">Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), August (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289FB50DB5D3E3FCC3" author="Boero" box="[1012,1242,764,789]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF2898A60DB4D69EFCEE" author="Pena" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Garcia Carrascosa, A. M. (2002) The benthic hydroid fauna of the Chafarinas Islands (Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 337, 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="2002">Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), September (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289E030C69D411FCEE" author="Boero" box="[578,808,799,824]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and November (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289FB10C56D3B0FCEE" author="Picard" box="[1008,1161,799,824]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Picard, J. (1951 a) Les hydraires des formations coralligenes des cotes francaises de la Mediterranee. Vie Milieu, 2 (2), 255 - 261." type="journal article" year="1951" yearSuffix="a">Picard 1951a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF2898D40C69D24EFCEE" author="Boero" box="[1173,1399,799,824]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in the western Mediterranean; from April to December in Salento waters (De Vito 2006; this study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF67FF289C860C2ED58CFC3B" blockId="145.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF289C860C2ED614FC56" bold="true" box="[199,301,871,896]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Medusa.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult. Umbrella hemispherical during contraction, calotte-shaped or almost flat when relaxed; manubrium cruciform; mouth with 4 simple lips; gonads oval on distal half of radial canals; with up to 20–29 marginal tentacular bulbs; 28 statocysts, each with one statolith. Colours: bell transparent; gonads, manubrium, bulbs and tentacles assuming the colour of food.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF67FF289C860CBED6A2FBAB" blockId="145.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Developmental stages. Newly released medusa with hemispherical umbrella; manubrium quadrate or laterally collapsed; 4 perradial and one ring canals; gonads on median region of radial canals; 4 perradial tentacular bulbs and 4 interradial developing bulbs; tentacles hollow, with a terminal nematocyst cluster; 4–8 adradial statocysts, each with one statolith.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF67FF289C860BCED3E5FB13" blockId="145.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF289C860BCED602FB76" bold="true" box="[199,315,1159,1184]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Cnidome.</emphasis>
|
||
A- and B-type microbasic mastigophores (hydroid); A-, C-, and D-type microbasic mastigophores and holotrichous isorhizas (medusa) (nematocyst nomenclature follows that of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF28984C0BE5D382FB13" author="Ostman" box="[1037,1211,1196,1221]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Ostman, C. (1979 a) Two types of nematocysts in Campanulariidae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. Zoologica Scripta, 8 (1 - 4), 5 - 12. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1979. tb 00614. x" type="journal article" year="1979" yearSuffix="a">Östman, 1979a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF2898810BE5D3F6FB13" author="Ostman" box="[1216,1231,1196,1221]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Ostman, C. (1979 b) Nematocysts in the Phialidium medusae of Clytia hemisphaerica (Hydrozoa, Campanulariidae) studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. Zoon, 7 (2), 125 - 142." type="journal article" year="1979" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FF67FF289C860B86D36CF9DE" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF67FF289C860B86D342FA82" blockId="145.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF289C860B86D659FB3E" bold="true" box="[199,352,1231,1256]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Tropical and subtropical waters of Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans, Mediterranean Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289CDF0BBDD678FADB" author="Yamada" box="[158,321,1268,1293]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Yamada, M. (1959) Hydroid fauna of Japanese and its adjacent waters. Publications from the Akkeshi Marine Biological Station, 9, 1 - 101." type="journal article" year="1959">Yamada 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289D0E0BBDD6D1FADB" author="Millard" box="[335,488,1268,1293]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289DB60BBDD5BEFADA" author="Calder" box="[503,647,1268,1293]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Calder, D. R. (1991) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda. The Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contribution, 154, i - iv, 1 - 140. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1352274" type="journal article" year="1991">Calder 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Ramil & Vervoort 1992;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289FFA0BBDD215FADB" author="Medel" box="[955,1324,1268,1293]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Medel, M. D. & Lopez-Gonzalez, P. J. (1996) Updated catalogue of the Hydrozoans from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands with remarks on zoogeography and affinities. Scientia Marina, 60 (1), 183 - 209." type="journal article" year="1996">Medel & López-González 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Morri & Bianchi 1999;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289D030A51D420FAE6" author="Pena" box="[322,793,1304,1328]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Garcia Carrascosa, A. M. (2002) The benthic hydroid fauna of the Chafarinas Islands (Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 337, 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="2002">Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF289FD50A50D4F6FAE6" box="[916,975,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF2898620A5ED231FAE6" author="Gravili" box="[1059,1288,1303,1328]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">Gravili et al. 2008a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF2899570A5ED7EAFA82" author="Morri" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Morri, C., Puce, S., Bianchi, C. N., Bitar, G., Zibrowius, H. & Bavestrello, G. (2009) Hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Levant Sea (mainly Lebanon), with emphasis on alien species. Journal of the Marine Bioogical Association of the United Kingdom, 89 (1), 49 - 62. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315408002749" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Morri
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF2899200A50D2A5FAE6" box="[1377,1436,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289C9C0A75D53AFA82" author="Occhipinti-Ambrogi" box="[221,515,1340,1365]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Occhipinti-Ambrogi, A., Marchini, A., Cantone, G., Castelli, A., Chimenz, C., Cormaci, M., Froglia, C., Furnari, G., Gambi, M. C., Giaccone, G., Giangrande, A., Gravili, C., Mastrototaro, F., Mazziotti, C., Orsi-Relini, L. & Piraino, S. (2011) Alien species along the Italian coasts: an overview. Biological Invasions, 13 (1), 215 - 237. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10530 - 010 - 9803 - y" type="journal article" year="2011">Occhipinti-Ambrogi 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289E4E0A75D4B2FA82" author="Soto" box="[527,907,1340,1365]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Soto Angel, J. J. & Pena Cantero, A. L. (2013) Shallow-water benthic hydroids from the Maltese Islands (Central Mediterranean). Marine Ecology, 34 (s 1), 177 - 196. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / maec. 12035" type="journal article" year="2013">Soto Ãngel & Peña Cantero 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289FD70A75D356FA82" author="Bianchi" box="[918,1135,1340,1365]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Bianchi, C. N., Corsini-Foka, M., Morri, C. & Zenetos, A. (2014) Thirty years after: dramatic change in the coastal marine ecosystems of Kos Island (Greece), 1981 - 2013. Mediterranean Marine Science, 15 (3), 482 - 497." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Bianchi
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF289FB20A74D312FA83" box="[1011,1067,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF67FF289C860A16D36CF9DE" blockId="145.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF289C860A16D689FAAE" bold="true" box="[199,432,1375,1400]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Records in Salento.</emphasis>
|
||
Common at: Torre S. Emiliano,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF67FF289F650A16D44CFAAE" box="[804,885,1375,1400]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zosteraceae" genus="Zostera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="145" pageNumber="186" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marina">Marina</taxonomicName>
|
||
di Corsano, Ponte del Ciolo (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF2898870A16D250FAAE" author="Presicce" box="[1222,1385,1375,1400]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Presicce, M. M. (1991) Gli idroidi (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) del litorale salentino. Degree Thesis, Marine Biology, Universita degli Studi di Lecce, 143 pp." type="book" year="1991">Presicce 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); La Strea, S.ta Caterina, S.ta Maria al Bagno (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289E2F0ACDD43FFA4B" author="Denitto" box="[622,774,1412,1437]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Denitto, F. (1996) Etologia alimentare e cicli vitali di alcune specie di Hydroidomedusae: Anthomedusae / Filifera e Leptomedusae (Hydrozoa). Degree Thesis, Biology, Universita degli Studi di Lecce, 176 pp." type="book" year="1996">Denitto 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289F530ACDD4C4FA4A" author="Miglietta" box="[786,1021,1412,1437]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Miglietta, M. P., Della Tommasa, L., Denitto, F., Gravili, C., Pagliara, P., Bouillon, J. & Boero, F. (2000) Approaches to the ethology of hydroids and medusae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). In: Mills, C. E., Boero, F., Migotto, A. & Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Trends in Hydrozoan Biology - IV. Scientia Marina, 64 (Supplement 1), pp. 63 - 71. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2000.64 s 163" type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Miglietta
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF289FC10ACCD480FA4B" box="[896,953,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Otranto (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF2898340ACDD237FA4B" author="Denitto" box="[1141,1294,1412,1437]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Denitto, F. (1996) Etologia alimentare e cicli vitali di alcune specie di Hydroidomedusae: Anthomedusae / Filifera e Leptomedusae (Hydrozoa). Degree Thesis, Biology, Universita degli Studi di Lecce, 176 pp." type="book" year="1996">Denitto 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF28995B0ACDD7C3FA16" author="Miglietta" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Miglietta, M. P., Della Tommasa, L., Denitto, F., Gravili, C., Pagliara, P., Bouillon, J. & Boero, F. (2000) Approaches to the ethology of hydroids and medusae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). In: Mills, C. E., Boero, F., Migotto, A. & Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Trends in Hydrozoan Biology - IV. Scientia Marina, 64 (Supplement 1), pp. 63 - 71. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2000.64 s 163" type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Miglietta
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF2899C90ACCD78DFA16" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; De Vito 2006; Gravili 2006;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289E1F0AEED42BFA16" author="Andreano" box="[606,786,1447,1472]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Andreano, F. (2007) Identificazione degli idroidi (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) nella fascia batimetrica dei 0 - 5 m. Degree Thesis, Marine Biology, University of Salento, 152 pp." type="book" year="2007">Andreano 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289F600AEED333FA16" author="Gravili" box="[801,1034,1447,1472]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF289F3A0AE0D48EFA16" box="[891,951,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF2898590AEED3D5FA16" author="Stabili" box="[1048,1260,1447,1472]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Stabili, L., Gravili, C., Tredici, S. M., Boero, F. & Alifano, P. (2011) Association of a luminous Vibrio sp., taxonomically related to Vibrio harveyi, with Clytia linearis (Thornely, 1900) (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 396 (2), 77 - 82. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jembe. 2010.10.004" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Stabili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF28982D0AE0D391FA16" box="[1132,1192,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF2898BD0AE1D2AEFA16" author="Ventura" box="[1276,1431,1448,1472]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Ventura, P. (2011) Comparison between hydroid fauna of Porto Cesareo (Ionian Sea) and Otranto (Adriatic Sea). Master thesis submitted for the partial fulfillment of the title of Master of Science in Marine Biodiversity and Conservation within the ERASMUS MUNDUS Master Programme EMBC. [unknown pagination]" type="book" year="2011">Ventura 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289CD60A85D654FA32" author="Piraino" box="[151,365,1484,1509]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Piraino, S., De Vito, D., Brodbeck, E., Di Camillo, G. C., Fanelli, G. & Boero, F. (2013) Destructive standard squares or lowimpact visually driven collection? A comparison of methods for quantitative samplings of benthic hydrozoans. Italian Journal of Zoology, 80 (3), 424 - 436. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250003.2013.787461" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Piraino
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF289CB10A84D61BFA33" box="[240,290,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; this study); Grotta del Ciolo (Denitto
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF289F690A84D463FA33" box="[808,858,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289FF30A85D23EFA32" author="Moscatello" box="[946,1287,1484,1509]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Moscatello, S. & Belmonte, G. (2007) The plankton of a shallow submarine cave (' Grotta di Ciolo', Salento Peninsula, SE Italy). Marine Ecology, 28 (s 1), 47 - 59. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.2007.00167. x" type="journal article" year="2007">Moscatello & Belmonte 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); S. Maria di Leuca (Mastrototaro
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF289DC20AB8D68DF9DE" box="[387,436,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010); Il Chiapparo (C. Gravili unpublished observations).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FF67FF289C86095DD374F9A3" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF67FF289C86095DD374F9A3" blockId="145.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF289C86095DD602F9FB" bold="true" box="[199,315,1556,1581]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The whole life cycle was examined in the present study.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF67FF289F84095CD302F9FB" box="[965,1083,1556,1581]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF289F84095CD302F9FB" box="[965,1083,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">C. linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is probably the first successful Lessepsian hydroid that colonized the Mediterranean Sea from the Suez Canal and, then from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3467658FF67FF2898FF097ED21CF986" box="[1214,1317,1591,1616]" name="Gibraltar" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Gibraltar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, expanded its distribution to the Atlantic coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3467658FF67FF289E070915D5BFF9A3" box="[582,646,1628,1653]" name="Spain" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
(for more details see Boero
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF289F840914D4C4F9A3" box="[965,1021,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FF67FF289C860936D397F86E" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF67FF289C860936D397F86E" blockId="145.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF289C860936D670F94E" bold="true" box="[199,329,1663,1688]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">References</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289D100936D54DF94E" box="[337,628,1663,1688]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Picard, J. & Le Roch, S. (1949) Les cnidaires epiphytes des zosteres de la Mediterranee (note preliminaire). La Feuille des Naturalistes, 4 (9 - 10), 93 - 94." type="journal article">Picard & Le Roch (1949)</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289EC00936D41BF94E" author="Picard" box="[641,802,1663,1688]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Picard, J. (1951 a) Les hydraires des formations coralligenes des cotes francaises de la Mediterranee. Vie Milieu, 2 (2), 255 - 261." type="journal article" year="1951" yearSuffix="a">Picard (1951a</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289F660936D40FF94E" author="Picard" box="[807,822,1663,1688]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Picard, J. (1951 b) Note sur les hydraires littoraux de Banyuls-sur-Mer. Vie Milieu, 2 (3), 338 - 349." type="journal article" year="1951" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289F020936D446F94E" author="Picard" box="[835,895,1663,1688]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Picard, J. (1952) Les Hydrozoaires des herbiers de Zosteracees des cotes francaises de la Mediterranee. Vie Milieu, 2 (Supplement), 217 - 233." type="journal article" year="1952">1952</bibRefCitation>
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),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289FD20936D31EF94E" author="Rossi" box="[915,1063,1663,1688]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Rossi, L. (1961) Idroidi viventi sulle scogliere del promontorio di Portofino (Golfo di Genova). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 72, 68 - 85." type="journal article" year="1961">Rossi (1961)</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF2898720936D3E5F94E" author="Millard" box="[1075,1244,1663,1688]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, García-Corrales
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF289CD609ECD7E8F96B" box="[151,209,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1978),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289D7409EDD51FF96A" author="Marinopoulos" box="[309,550,1700,1725]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Marinopoulos, J. (1979) Distribution des Eudendrium dans la region Marseillaise. Etude preliminaire. Rapports et Proces Verbaux des Reunions, Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee, 25 - 26 (4), 117 - 118." type="journal article" year="1979">Marinopoulos (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
all as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF67FF289E3409ECD5CBF96A" ID-CoL="5ZFB5" box="[629,754,1701,1724]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gravieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF289E3409ECD5CBF96A" box="[629,754,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">C. gravieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289F4509ECD49DF96B" author="Boero" box="[772,932,1700,1725]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Boero, F. (1981 a) Systematics and ecology of the hydroid population of two Posidonia oceanica meadows. Pubblicazioni della Stazione zoologica di Napoli, 2 (3), 181 - 197. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1981. tb 00093. x" type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="a">Boero (1981a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289FE809EDD480F96B" author="Boero" box="[937,953,1700,1725]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Boero, F. (1981 b) Bathimetric distribution of the epifauna of a Posidonia meadow of the Isle of Ischia (Naples): Hydroids. Rapports et Proces-Verbaux des Reunions Commision Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee, Monaco, 27 (2), 197 - 198." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289FFC09EDD4F3F96B" author="Boero" box="[957,970,1700,1725]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Boero, F. (1981 c) Osservazioni ecologiche sugli idroidi de la fascia a mitili della Riviera Ligure di Levante. Cahiers de Biologie marine, 22 (1), 107 - 117." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="c">c</bibRefCitation>
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||
), García
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF28987409EDD23FF96A" author="Carrascosa" box="[1077,1286,1700,1724]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Garcia-Carrascosa, A. M. (1981) Hidrozoos tecados (Hydrozoa Calyptoblastea) del litoral mediterraneo espanol: faunistica, ecologia, bionomia bentonica y biogeografia. Tesis Doctoral Universidad Valencia, 464 pp." type="book" year="1981">Carrascosa (1981)</bibRefCitation>
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||
, Boero
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||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF28992309ECD2A5F96B" box="[1378,1436,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1985),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289CB1098ED501F936" author="Gili" box="[240,568,1735,1760]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Gili, J. M. & Garcia-Rubies, A. (1985) Contribution a la connaissance de la faune d'hydropolipes de l'ile de Majorque. Anales de Biologia, Biologia Animal Series, 3 (1), 37 - 53." type="journal article" year="1985">Gili & García-Rubíes (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289E040981D405F936" author="Boero" box="[581,828,1735,1760]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi (1986)</bibRefCitation>
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||
, Gili (1986),
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289F97098ED395F936" author="Llobet" box="[982,1196,1735,1760]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Llobet, I., Gili, J. M. & Barange, M. (1986) Estudio de una poblacion de hidropolipos epibiontes de Halimeda tuna. Study of a population of epibiont hydropolyps on Halimeda tuna. Miscelanea Zoologica Barcelona, 10, 33 - 43." type="journal article" year="1986">
|
||
Llobet
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||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF2898660980D360F936" box="[1063,1113,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1986
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF2898F90981D3CAF936" author="Llobet" box="[1208,1267,1736,1760]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Llobet, I., Gili, J. M. & Hughes, R. G. (1991) Horizontal, vertical and seasonal distributions of epiphytic Hydrozoa on the alga Halimeda tuna in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Marine Biology Berlin, 110 (1), 151 - 159. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 01313102" type="journal article" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF2899480981D2AEF936" author="Roca" box="[1289,1431,1735,1760]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Roca, I. (1986) Estudio de los Cnidarios Bentonicos de las aguas costeras de Mallorca. Tesis, Universitat de les illes Balears, Facultat de Ciencies, Palma de Mallorca, 32 pp." type="book" year="1986">Roca (1986)</bibRefCitation>
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, Östman
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF289CB909A4D615F8D3" box="[248,300,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">et al</emphasis>
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. (1987),
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289DD809A4D556F8D2" box="[409,623,1772,1797]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Roca, I., Moreno, I. & Barcelo, R. (1991) Distribucion espacial y temporal de los hidroideos de Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile en una predera del Illot del Sec (Bahia de Palma, Baleares). Boletin del Instituto espanol de Oceanografia, 7 (1), 67 - 74." type="journal article">
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Roca
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF289D9D09A4D529F8D3" box="[476,528,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">et al</emphasis>
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. (1991)
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</bibRefCitation>
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, Ramil & Vervoort (1992), Bianchi
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF28985509A4D377F8D3" box="[1044,1102,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">et al.</emphasis>
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(1993, 2014), Altuna (1994, 1995),
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289CA70846D559F8FE" author="Medel" box="[230,608,1807,1832]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Medel, M. D. & Lopez-Gonzalez, P. J. (1996) Updated catalogue of the Hydrozoans from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands with remarks on zoogeography and affinities. Scientia Marina, 60 (1), 183 - 209." type="journal article" year="1996">Medel & López-González (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF289E2D0846D422F8FE" author="Migotto" box="[620,795,1807,1832]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Migotto, A. E. (1996) Benthic shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the coast of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, including a checklist of Brazilian hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 306, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1996">Migotto (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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, Morri & Bianchi (1999),
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF67FF2898050846D210F8FE" box="[1092,1321,1807,1832]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Piraino, S., Brandini, E., Denitto, F., Esposito, L. & Avian, M. (1999) La diversita degli Cnidari nella riserva marina di Ustica. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 6 (1), 272 - 274." type="journal article">
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Piraino
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF2898DD0858D3ECF8FE" box="[1180,1237,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">et al.</emphasis>
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(1999)
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Miglietta
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF289CD6087CD7E9F89B" box="[151,208,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">et al.</emphasis>
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(2000)
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(2004), Touzri
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF289CD60810D7E9F8A6" box="[151,208,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">et al.</emphasis>
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(2004), De Vito (2006), Gravili (2006), Denitto
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF289EB60810D411F8A6" box="[759,808,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">et al</emphasis>
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. (2007),
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,
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF67FF28985C08E8D377F86F" box="[1053,1102,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">et al</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |