320 lines
38 KiB
XML
320 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="BF8B28DFFD67CDE69041F7C4DA1F42C6" ID-CLB-Dataset="42365" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3908.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6f1d1977-6b97-4789-828c-76ed250cf1ae" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="242729" ID-ZooBank="D6AD2B49-170B-4D9C-84AA-DBE0FEEAD8BE" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460936415633" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gravili, Cinzia, Vito, Doris De, Camillo, Cristina Gioia Di, Martell, Luis, Piraino, Stefano & Boero, Ferdinando" docDate="2015" docId="03F887DEFF64FF2A9CD60FD1D5BEFC8A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03908p187.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3908 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Clytia noliformis McCrady 1859" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="148" masterDocId="FFC1FFA6FFF6FFB99C410F49D739FFD6" masterDocTitle="The non-Siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide" masterLastPageNumber="187" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="147" updateTime="1698583517399" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="88D0F72953363EFDDB3FCE23FE1B75AD">
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<mods:title id="FB718F57E7C63A2FED2E41130DC29198">The non-Siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="CA4B0F9EB51B4F9A5554045B2E9C7CBF" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="29035F2F11184F5EFA2F66A90C5C5F33">Gravili, Cinzia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5DF4D33D04E36D79A8A8EA896083022A">Vito, Doris De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="4FF1E649E53A395CE0D9B6656736FF39">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A1FEB069C2CB600CD925DCD2064B6993">Camillo, Cristina Gioia Di</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="7B268DD57942D9F4B1EE7B91A1B6208A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A68BC726408C79AED4A69781F818FB71">Martell, Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="7E69A59085A157893AB78D454AE8485F" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="FC9E2410AAF5DA71B72D1736453D9041">Piraino, Stefano</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="87BF398DABE1D756E746DCEF7D929F90">Boero, Ferdinando</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="ADE28271353302BF1A95D8D0F20D1D89">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="045917BC024FF720844F671C9F3769ED">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="02276A60941451BF5C731E0C1C8F90E3" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="C4551DA250CE55DE6759DDE24A60898E">3908</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03F887DEFF64FF2A9CD60FD1D5BEFC8A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6107200" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119591271" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6107200" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F887DEFF64FF2A9CD60FD1D5BEFC8A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F887DEFF64FF2A9CD60FD1D5BEFC8A" lastPageId="147" lastPageNumber="148" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FF64FF2B9CD60FD1D564FECE" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF64FF2B9CD60FD1D507FF64" blockId="146.[151,574,152,211]" box="[151,574,152,178]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">
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<heading id="D0A681A4FF64FF2B9CD60FD1D507FF64" bold="true" box="[151,574,152,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF64FF2B9CD60FD1D507FF64" ID-CoL="5ZFBL" authority="McCrady, 1859" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,574,152,178]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noliformis">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF64FF2B9CD60FD1D507FF64" bold="true" box="[151,574,152,178]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF64FF2B9CD60FD1D65AFF64" bold="true" box="[151,355,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Clytia noliformis</emphasis>
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(McCrady, 1859)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF64FF2B9CD60FF3D610FF04" blockId="146.[151,574,152,211]" box="[151,297,186,211]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">
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<figureCitation id="136A2A4DFF64FF2B9CD60FF3D7CCFF05" box="[151,245,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 104" captionStartId="146.[151,250,1262,1284]" captionTargetBox="[358,1232,339,1232]" captionTargetId="figure@146.[348,1238,333,1240]" captionTargetPageId="146" captionText="FIGURE 104. Clytia noliformis: A, hydranth and gonotheca; B, mature medusa (A modified after Boero 1981 c; B redrawn and modified after Vannucci & Ribeiro 1955 by C. G. Di Camillo). Scale bars: A, 1.0 mm; B, 3.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242833/files/figure.png" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Fig. 104</figureCitation>
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A, B
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF64FF2B9CD60E4BD564FECE" blockId="146.[151,605,258,280]" box="[151,605,258,280]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">
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See
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF64FF2B9C830E4BD676FECE" author="Calder" box="[194,335,258,280]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" refString="Calder, D. R. (1991) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda. The Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contribution, 154, i - iv, 1 - 140. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1352274" type="journal article" year="1991">Calder (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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for a complete synonymy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF2E6640FF64FF2B9CD60BA7D349FAF4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242833/files/figure.png" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" targetBox="[358,1232,339,1232]" targetPageId="146">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF64FF2B9CD60BA7D349FAF4" blockId="146.[151,1435,1262,1314]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF64FF2B9CD60BA7D612FAD5" bold="true" box="[151,299,1262,1284]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">FIGURE 104.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF64FF2B9D700BA7D6E5FAD2" box="[305,476,1262,1284]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noliformis">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF64FF2B9D700BA7D6E5FAD2" box="[305,476,1262,1284]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Clytia noliformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF64FF2B9DAB0BA7D6C5FAD5" bold="true" box="[490,508,1262,1283]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">A</emphasis>
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, hydranth and gonotheca;
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF64FF2B9F460BA7D42EFAD5" bold="true" box="[775,791,1262,1283]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">B</emphasis>
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, mature medusa (A modified after Boero 1981c; B redrawn and modified after Vannucci & Ribeiro 1955 by C.G. Di Camillo). Scale bars: A, 1.0 mm; B, 3.0 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FF64FF2B9CD60A03D688FA51" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF64FF2B9CD60A03D688FA51" blockId="146.[151,1437,1354,2027]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">
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||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF64FF2B9CD60A03D6B4FAB5" bold="true" box="[151,397,1354,1379]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Material examined.</emphasis>
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HCUS-S 111 (Hydrozoa Collection, University of Salento—fauna of the Salento Peninsula)—polyp stage.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FF64FF2A9C860ADBD262FEB2" lastPageId="147" lastPageNumber="148" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF64FF2B9C860ADBD462FA7C" blockId="146.[151,1437,1354,2027]" box="[199,859,1426,1451]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF64FF2B9C860ADBD66BFA7D" bold="true" box="[199,338,1426,1451]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Description</emphasis>
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(after
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF64FF2B9DDD0ADBD511FA7C" author="Calder" box="[412,552,1426,1451]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" refString="Calder, D. R. (1991) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda. The Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contribution, 154, i - iv, 1 - 140. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1352274" type="journal article" year="1991">Calder 1991</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF64FF2B9E750ADBD476FA7C" author="Lindner" box="[564,847,1426,1451]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" refString="Lindner, A. & Migotto, A. E. (2002) The life cycle of Clytia linearis and Clytia noliformis: metagenic campanulariids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) with contrasting polyp and medusa stages. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 82 (4), 541 - 553. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315402005866" type="journal article" year="2002">Lindner & Migotto 2002</bibRefCitation>
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):
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF64FF2B9C860AFCD312F9ED" blockId="146.[151,1437,1354,2027]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF64FF2B9C860AFCD60AFA18" bold="true" box="[199,307,1461,1486]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Hydroid.</emphasis>
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Hydrorhiza as creeping stolons; colonies stolonal; pedicel strongly annulated basally and distally; hydranth with about 25–30 filiform tentacles; hydrothecae campanulate, thick diaphragm, basal chamber shallow, subspherical, margin with about 13–15 blunt, broadly triangular teeth. Colours: hydranth and coenosarc yellowish. Gonothecae laterally flattened, arising from hydrorhiza, on short annulated stalks.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF64FF2B9C86090CD7E6F954" blockId="146.[151,1437,1354,2027]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF64FF2B9C86090CD65CF988" bold="true" box="[199,357,1605,1630]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">
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Habitat
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<typeStatus id="54EA886AFF64FF2B9D6A090CD659F988" box="[299,352,1605,1630]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">type</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF64FF2B9D2D090CD6E4F988" box="[364,477,1605,1630]" class="Liliopsida" family="Posidoniaceae" genus="Posidonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF64FF2B9D2D090CD6E4F988" box="[364,477,1605,1630]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Posidonia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF64FF2B9DAF090FD5BCF988" author="Boero" box="[494,645,1605,1630]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" refString="Boero, F. (1981 a) Systematics and ecology of the hydroid population of two Posidonia oceanica meadows. Pubblicazioni della Stazione zoologica di Napoli, 2 (3), 181 - 197. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1981. tb 00093. x" type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="a">Boero 1981a</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF64FF2B9ECB090CD5A3F988" author="Boero" box="[650,666,1605,1630]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" refString="Boero, F. (1981 b) Bathimetric distribution of the epifauna of a Posidonia meadow of the Isle of Ischia (Naples): Hydroids. Rapports et Proces-Verbaux des Reunions Commision Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee, Monaco, 27 (2), 197 - 198." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
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); on eupelagic
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF64FF2B9F04090FD487F98B" box="[837,958,1606,1629]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fucales" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Heterokontophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF64FF2B9F04090FD487F98B" box="[837,958,1606,1629]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Sargassum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the open North Atlantic Ocean (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF64FF2B9911090CD7EAF954" author="Calder" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" refString="Calder, D. R. (1991) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda. The Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contribution, 154, i - iv, 1 - 140. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1352274" type="journal article" year="1991">Calder 1991</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF64FF2B9C8609C4D33BF970" blockId="146.[151,1437,1354,2027]" box="[199,1026,1677,1702]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF64FF2B9C8609C4D678F970" bold="true" box="[199,321,1677,1702]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Substrate.</emphasis>
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Algae,
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF64FF2B9DD809C4D532F970" box="[409,523,1677,1702]" class="Liliopsida" family="Posidoniaceae" genus="Posidonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF64FF2B9DD809C4D532F970" box="[409,523,1677,1702]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Posidonia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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leaves and rhizomes, mussels, and hydroids.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF64FF2B9C8609FBD498F8E0" blockId="146.[151,1437,1354,2027]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF64FF2B9C8609FBD614F91D" bold="true" box="[199,301,1714,1739]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Medusa.</emphasis>
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Adult. Umbrella flatter than a hemisphere,
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<quantity id="4CA99B2DFF64FF2B9F7709FBD442F91C" box="[822,891,1714,1739]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
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wide,
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<quantity id="4CA99B2DFF64FF2B9F8E09FBD32CF91C" box="[975,1045,1714,1738]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="146" pageNumber="147" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
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high; manubrium tubular; mouth quadrate, with 4 simple lips; 4 radial canals; gonads elongated, on the distal third or fourth of the radial canals, female gonads bearing 20–35 large ova; 16 marginal tentacles; 16 intervening statocysts. Colours: bell transparent; gonads, manubrium, bulbs and tentacles assuming the colour of food.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF64FF2B9C86080BD3DBF810" blockId="146.[151,1437,1354,2027]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Developmental stages. Newly released medusa with hemispherical umbrella; manubrium 0.4 height of umbrella; mouth quadrate, with 4 smooth lips; 4 perradial canals and one circular canal; velum broad; gonads absent; 4 perradial marginal tentacular bulbs and 2 or 4 interradial secondary atentacular bulbs usually present; 4 hollow tentacles, with a terminal nematocyst cluster; 8 adradial statocysts, each with one statolith.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF64FF2A9C86089BD638FF03" blockId="146.[151,1437,1354,2027]" lastBlockId="147.[151,1436,151,861]" lastPageId="147" lastPageNumber="148" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF64FF2B9C86089BD602F83D" bold="true" box="[199,315,2002,2027]" pageId="146" pageNumber="147">Cnidome.</emphasis>
|
||
A-type microbasic mastigophores and merotrichous isorhizas (polyp); A-, C-, and D-type microbasic mastigophores and holotrichous isorhizas (medusa) (nematocyst nomenclature follows that of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF65FF2A997F0FDED7D9FF03" author="Ostman" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" refString="Ostman, C. (1979 a) Two types of nematocysts in Campanulariidae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. Zoologica Scripta, 8 (1 - 4), 5 - 12. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1979. tb 00614. x" type="journal article" year="1979" yearSuffix="a">Östman, 1979a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF65FF2A9CA40FF5D7CDFF03" author="Ostman" box="[229,244,188,213]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" refString="Ostman, C. (1979 b) Nematocysts in the Phialidium medusae of Clytia hemisphaerica (Hydrozoa, Campanulariidae) studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. Zoon, 7 (2), 125 - 142." type="journal article" year="1979" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF65FF2A9C860F96D4C4FE96" blockId="147.[151,1436,151,861]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF65FF2A9C860F96D66DFF2E" bold="true" box="[199,340,223,248]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148">Seasonality.</emphasis>
|
||
January (Puce
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF65FF2A9E400FA8D50AFF2E" box="[513,563,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="147" pageNumber="148">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009), April, August (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF65FF2A9F7A0FA9D318FF2E" author="Boero" box="[827,1057,223,248]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), June (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF65FF2A98390F96D259FF2E" author="Llobet" box="[1144,1376,223,248]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" refString="Llobet Nadal, I. (1987) Faunistica y distribucion espacio-temporal de una poblacion de hydropolipos epibiontes del alga Halimeda tuna en el Mediterraneo occidental. MS Thesis. [pagination unkown]" type="book" year="1987">Llobet i Nadal 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and July (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF65FF2A9C990E4DD689FECA" author="Llobet" box="[216,432,260,285]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" refString="Llobet, I., Gili, J. M. & Hughes, R. G. (1991) Horizontal, vertical and seasonal distributions of epiphytic Hydrozoa on the alga Halimeda tuna in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Marine Biology Berlin, 110 (1), 151 - 159. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 01313102" type="journal article" year="1991">
|
||
Llobet
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF65FF2A9D6E0E4CD65CFECB" box="[303,357,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="147" pageNumber="148">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1991
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in the western Mediterranean; October, February (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF65FF2A98510E4DD22DFECA" author="Faucci" box="[1040,1300,260,285]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" refString="Faucci, A. & Boero, F. (2000) Structure of an epiphytic hydroid community on Cystoseira at two sites of different wave exposure. In: Mills, C. E., Boero, F., Migotto, A. & Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Trends in Hydrozoan Biology - IV. Scientia Marina, 64 (Supplement 1), pp. 255 - 264. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2000.64 s 1255" type="journal article" year="2000">Faucci & Boero 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in Salento waters; January–May, July–December (for a review see Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF65FF2A9F340E60D494FE96" box="[885,941,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="147" pageNumber="148">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF65FF2A9C860E05D262FEB2" blockId="147.[151,1436,151,861]" box="[199,1371,332,357]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF65FF2A9C860E05D6FDFEB3" bold="true" box="[199,452,332,357]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148">Reproductive period.</emphasis>
|
||
January (Puce
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF65FF2A9E310E04D598FEB3" box="[624,673,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="147" pageNumber="148">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009), and August (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF65FF2A9FCC0E05D356FEB3" author="Boero" box="[909,1135,332,357]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in the Ligurian Sea.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FF65FF2A9C860E26D555FDCE" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF65FF2A9C860E26D6A0FE06" blockId="147.[151,1436,151,861]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF65FF2A9C860E26D659FE5E" bold="true" box="[199,352,367,392]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Atlantic, Indo-Pacific, Mediterranean (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF65FF2A9F5F0E26D3B3FE5E" author="Medel" box="[798,1162,367,392]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" refString="Medel, M. D. & Lopez-Gonzalez, P. J. (1996) Updated catalogue of the Hydrozoans from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands with remarks on zoogeography and affinities. Scientia Marina, 60 (1), 183 - 209." type="journal article" year="1996">Medel & López-González 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Morri & Bianchi 1999; Morri
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF65FF2A9C9E0EDCD629FE7B" box="[223,272,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="147" pageNumber="148">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1999;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF65FF2A9D250EDDD542FE7A" author="Lindner" box="[356,635,404,429]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" refString="Lindner, A. & Migotto, A. E. (2002) The life cycle of Clytia linearis and Clytia noliformis: metagenic campanulariids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) with contrasting polyp and medusa stages. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 82 (4), 541 - 553. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315402005866" type="journal article" year="2002">Lindner & Migotto 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF65FF2A9EAE0EDCD41EFE7B" box="[751,807,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="147" pageNumber="148">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF65FF2A9F350EDDD368FE7A" author="Gravili" box="[884,1105,404,429]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF65FF2A9F8B0EDCD4C2FE7B" box="[970,1019,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="147" pageNumber="148">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Puce
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF65FF2A98D80EDCD3E8FE7B" box="[1177,1233,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="147" pageNumber="148">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF65FF2A995C0EDDD6B7FE06" author="Soto" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" refString="Soto Angel, J. J. & Pena Cantero, A. L. (2013) Shallow-water benthic hydroids from the Maltese Islands (Central Mediterranean). Marine Ecology, 34 (s 1), 177 - 196. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / maec. 12035" type="journal article" year="2013">Soto Ãngel & Peña Cantero 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF65FF2A9C860E95D555FDCE" blockId="147.[151,1436,151,861]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF65FF2A9C860E95D696FE23" bold="true" box="[199,431,476,501]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148">Records in Salento.</emphasis>
|
||
Rare at: La Strea, Porto Cesareo (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF65FF2A9F730E95D312FE22" author="Faucci" box="[818,1067,476,501]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" refString="Faucci, A. & Boero, F. (2000) Structure of an epiphytic hydroid community on Cystoseira at two sites of different wave exposure. In: Mills, C. E., Boero, F., Migotto, A. & Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Trends in Hydrozoan Biology - IV. Scientia Marina, 64 (Supplement 1), pp. 255 - 264. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2000.64 s 1255" type="journal article" year="2000">Faucci & Boero 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF65FF2A98760E94D3EBFE22" author="Ventura" box="[1079,1234,476,500]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" refString="Ventura, P. (2011) Comparison between hydroid fauna of Porto Cesareo (Ionian Sea) and Otranto (Adriatic Sea). Master thesis submitted for the partial fulfillment of the title of Master of Science in Marine Biodiversity and Conservation within the ERASMUS MUNDUS Master Programme EMBC. [unknown pagination]" type="book" year="2011">Ventura 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Otranto (Gravili 2006;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF65FF2A9C9C0EB6D682FDCE" author="Gravili" box="[221,443,511,536]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF65FF2A9D750D48D65CFDCE" box="[308,357,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="147" pageNumber="148">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF65FF2A9D870D49D559FDCE" author="Ventura" box="[454,608,512,536]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" refString="Ventura, P. (2011) Comparison between hydroid fauna of Porto Cesareo (Ionian Sea) and Otranto (Adriatic Sea). Master thesis submitted for the partial fulfillment of the title of Master of Science in Marine Biodiversity and Conservation within the ERASMUS MUNDUS Master Programme EMBC. [unknown pagination]" type="book" year="2011">Ventura 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FF65FF2A9C860D6DD5FFFD7E" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF65FF2A9C860D6DD5FFFD7E" blockId="147.[151,1436,151,861]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF65FF2A9C860D6DD602FDEB" bold="true" box="[199,315,548,573]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Only the hydroid stage was seen in the present study.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF65FF2A9F840D6DD235FDEA" author="Lindner" box="[965,1292,548,573]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" refString="Lindner, A. & Migotto, A. E. (2002) The life cycle of Clytia linearis and Clytia noliformis: metagenic campanulariids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) with contrasting polyp and medusa stages. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 82 (4), 541 - 553. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315402005866" type="journal article" year="2002">Lindner and Migotto (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stressed the importance of the knowledge of life cycle and cnidome for species identification, especially for the confused
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF65FF2A99C30D01D633FD53" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noliformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF65FF2A99C30D01D633FD53" italics="true" pageId="147" pageNumber="148">C. noliformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
synonymy. The newly liberated medusa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF65FF2A9EAE0D24D4BBFD53" box="[751,898,620,645]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noliformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF65FF2A9EAE0D24D4BBFD53" box="[751,898,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="147" pageNumber="148">C. noliformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, indeed, differs from corresponding stages of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFF65FF2A99C30D24D608FD7E" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hemiphaerica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF65FF2A99C30D24D608FD7E" italics="true" pageId="147" pageNumber="148">C. hemiphaerica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the complete absence of gonads.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FF65FF2A9C860DFDD5BEFC8A" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FF65FF2A9C860DFDD5BEFC8A" blockId="147.[151,1436,151,861]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF65FF2A9C860DFDD669FD1B" bold="true" box="[199,336,692,717]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148">References.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF65FF2A9D1F0DFDD521FD1A" author="Stechow" box="[350,536,692,717]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" refString="Stechow, E. (1919) Zur Kenntnis der Hydroidenfauna des Mittelmeeres, Amerikas und anderer Gebiete, nebst Angaben uber einige Kirchenpauersche Typen von Plumulariden. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abeilung fur Systematik, 42 (1), 1 - 172." type="journal article" year="1919">Stechow (1919)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Picard (1949),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF65FF2A9EA00DFDD4D1FD1B" author="Brian" box="[737,1000,692,717]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" refString="Brian, A. & Peres, J. M. (1954) Recherches recentes sur les invertebres bentiques dans la Mediterranee et l'Adriatique. Rapports et Proces-Verbaux des Reunions Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee, 12, 143 - 161." type="journal article" year="1954">Brian & Pérès (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF65FF2A9FBA0DFDD27DFD1B" author="Vannucci" box="[1019,1348,692,717]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" refString="Vannucci, M. & Ribeiro, L. C. (1955) O ciclo reprodutivo de Clytia cylindrica L. Agass., 1862 (Hydrozoa: Campanulariidae). Dusenia, 6 (3 - 4), 69 - 80." type="journal article" year="1955">Vannucci & Ribeiro (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF65FF2A99160DFCD7D3FD26" author="Boero" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" refString="Boero, F. (1981 a) Systematics and ecology of the hydroid population of two Posidonia oceanica meadows. Pubblicazioni della Stazione zoologica di Napoli, 2 (3), 181 - 197. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1981. tb 00093. x" type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="a">Boero (1981a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF65FF2A9CAF0D9ED7C7FD26" author="Boero" box="[238,254,727,752]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" refString="Boero, F. (1981 b) Bathimetric distribution of the epifauna of a Posidonia meadow of the Isle of Ischia (Naples): Hydroids. Rapports et Proces-Verbaux des Reunions Commision Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee, Monaco, 27 (2), 197 - 198." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF65FF2A9D420D9ED629FD26" author="Boero" box="[259,272,727,752]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" refString="Boero, F. (1981 c) Osservazioni ecologiche sugli idroidi de la fascia a mitili della Riviera Ligure di Levante. Cahiers de Biologie marine, 22 (1), 107 - 117." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="c">c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF65FF2A9D6B0D91D516FD26" author="Boero" box="[298,559,727,752]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Gili (1986),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF65FF2A9E960D9ED482FD26" author="Llobet" box="[727,955,727,752]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" refString="Llobet, I., Gili, J. M. & Barange, M. (1986) Estudio de una poblacion de hidropolipos epibiontes de Halimeda tuna. Study of a population of epibiont hydropolyps on Halimeda tuna. Miscelanea Zoologica Barcelona, 10, 33 - 43." type="journal article" year="1986">
|
||
Llobet
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF65FF2A9F6D0D90D453FD26" box="[812,874,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="147" pageNumber="148">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1986
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF65FF2A9F8D0D91D33EFD26" author="Llobet" box="[972,1031,728,752]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" refString="Llobet, I., Gili, J. M. & Hughes, R. G. (1991) Horizontal, vertical and seasonal distributions of epiphytic Hydrozoa on the alga Halimeda tuna in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Marine Biology Berlin, 110 (1), 151 - 159. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 01313102" type="journal article" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF65FF2A98600D9ED3FCFD26" author="Calder" box="[1057,1221,727,752]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" refString="Calder, D. R. (1991) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda. The Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contribution, 154, i - iv, 1 - 140. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1352274" type="journal article" year="1991">Calder (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Medel & López- González (1996), Morri & Bianchi (1999), Morri
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF65FF2A9EA00DB4D42FFCC3" box="[737,790,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="147" pageNumber="148">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1999),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF65FF2A9FC50DB5D34DFCC2" box="[900,1140,764,789]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" refString="Piraino, S., Brandini, E., Denitto, F., Esposito, L. & Avian, M. (1999) La diversita degli Cnidari nella riserva marina di Ustica. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 6 (1), 272 - 274." type="journal article">
|
||
Piraino
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF65FF2A9FA10DB4D324FCC3" box="[992,1053,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="147" pageNumber="148">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1999)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF65FF2A98C50DB5D2AEFCC2" author="Faucci" box="[1156,1431,764,789]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" refString="Faucci, A. & Boero, F. (2000) Structure of an epiphytic hydroid community on Cystoseira at two sites of different wave exposure. In: Mills, C. E., Boero, F., Migotto, A. & Gili, J. M. (Eds.), Trends in Hydrozoan Biology - IV. Scientia Marina, 64 (Supplement 1), pp. 255 - 264. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2000.64 s 1255" type="journal article" year="2000">Faucci & Boero (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF65FF2A9CD60C56D6F9FCEE" author="Lindner" box="[151,448,799,824]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" refString="Lindner, A. & Migotto, A. E. (2002) The life cycle of Clytia linearis and Clytia noliformis: metagenic campanulariids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) with contrasting polyp and medusa stages. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 82 (4), 541 - 553. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315402005866" type="journal article" year="2002">Lindner & Migotto (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF65FF2A9E750C68D555FCEE" box="[564,620,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="147" pageNumber="148">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2004), Gravili (2006),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF65FF2A9F380C56D35FFCEE" box="[889,1126,799,824]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article">
|
||
Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFF65FF2A9F8F0C68D4C6FCEE" box="[974,1023,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="147" pageNumber="148">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2008a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
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, Puce
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF65FF2A98EF0C68D3DFFCEE" box="[1198,1254,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="147" pageNumber="148">et al.</emphasis>
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(2009),
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF65FF2A99050C56D61BFC8A" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" refString="Bianchi, C. N., Dando, P. R. & Morri, C. (2011) Increased diversity of sessile epibenthos at subtidal hydrothermal vents: seven hypotheses based on observations at Milos Island, Aegean Sea. Advances in Oceanography and Limnology, 2 (1), 1 - 31. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 19475721.2011.565804" type="journal article">
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Bianchi
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFF65FF2A9CD60C0CD7F6FC8B" box="[151,207,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="147" pageNumber="148">et al.</emphasis>
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(2011)
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF65FF2A9D6C0C0CD6E1FC8A" author="Ventura" box="[301,472,836,860]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" refString="Ventura, P. (2011) Comparison between hydroid fauna of Porto Cesareo (Ionian Sea) and Otranto (Adriatic Sea). Master thesis submitted for the partial fulfillment of the title of Master of Science in Marine Biodiversity and Conservation within the ERASMUS MUNDUS Master Programme EMBC. [unknown pagination]" type="book" year="2011">Ventura (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FF65FF2A9DA20C0DD5BAFC8A" author="Calder" box="[483,643,836,861]" pageId="147" pageNumber="148" refString="Calder, D. R. (2013) Some shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the central east coast of Florida, USA. Zootaxa, 3648 (1), 1 - 72. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3648.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Calder (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |