578 lines
76 KiB
XML
578 lines
76 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="5FB95B8D048F3D3D280BB65562341E5E">Paraphyly and low levels of genetic divergence in morphologically distinct taxa: revision of the Pseudoanthidium scapulare complex of carder bees (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03F887D2FF9AFFBAB089F92DFE7DF900" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6992800" ID-GBIF-Taxon="199061637" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6992800" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F887D2FF9AFFBAB089F92DFE7DF900" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F887D2FF9AFFBAB089F92DFE7DF900" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="1304" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C4FF9AFFA6B089F92DFD6CF958" blockId="15.[182,759,1753,1778]" box="[182,759,1753,1778]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302">
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<heading id="D0A681A8FF9AFFA6B089F92DFD6CF958" box="[182,759,1753,1778]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF9AFFA6B089F92DFD6CF958" ID-CoL="4NP4X" authority="(LATREILLE, 1809)" authorityName="Le Divelec" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1809" box="[182,759,1753,1778]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scapulare">
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<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF9AFFA6B089F92DFD85F95A" box="[182,542,1754,1777]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302">PSEUDOANTHIDIUM SCAPULARE</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B35FF9AFFA6B212F92EFD74F958" author="Latreille PA" box="[557,751,1753,1778]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302" pagination="1 - 507" refId="ref34730" refString="Latreille PA. 1809. Memoire sur le genre d'Anthidie, Anthidium, de Fabricius, classe des insectes, ordre des hymenopteres, famille des Apiaires. Annales du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris 13: 1 - 507." type="journal article" year="1809">LATREILLE, 1809</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C34B654FFF9AFFA6B0DDF908FD50F8B2" box="[226,715,1791,1816]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C4FF9AFFA6B0DDF908FD50F8B2" blockId="15.[226,715,1791,1816]" box="[226,715,1791,1816]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302">
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(
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<figureCitation id="136A2A41FF9AFFA6B0D5F908FEDCF8B2" box="[234,327,1791,1816]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[163,242,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[355,1250,197,1450]" captionTargetId="figure-132@7.[353,1252,195,1452]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Best-scoring maximum likelihood tree based on analysis of COI data. Numbers shown at nodes are maximum likelihood bootstrap values based on 1000 bootstrap replicates in RAxML. Only bootstrap values greater than 50% are shown. Terminals are labelled with a DNA extraction code, species name, collection locality and either as male (m) or female (f). Barcodes were obtained using Sanger sequencing technology, except for those corresponding to specimens 1802 and 1805, which were obtained from non-UCE assemblies generated during UCE sequencing. A, Pseudoanthidium tenellum, Burgenland, Austria (m), photo Bernhard Jacobi; B, P. cribratum, Bukhara, Uzbekistan (f), photo Jessica Litman; C, P. canariense, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain (m), photo Jessica Litman; D, P. stigmaticorne, Crimea, Russia, photo Alexander V. Fateryga; E, P. scapulare, Portugal, photo Ian Cross; F, P. nanum, photo Entomologie/Botanik, ETH Zürich / Albert Krebs; G, P. palestinicum, photo Jessica Litman." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6997744" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6997744/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302">FIGS 2E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136A2A41FF9AFFA6B16AF908FE34F8B2" box="[341,431,1791,1816]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="15.[163,243,1142,1164]" captionTargetBox="[355,1251,195,1102]" captionTargetId="figure-349@15.[355,1251,195,1102]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 9. Dorsal habitus, females. A, vertex Pseudoanthidium nanum (Kalpetran, Switzerland); B, vertex P. scapulare (Rich, Morocco); C, mesonotum P.nanum (Kalpetran, Switzerland); D, mesonotum P.scapulare (Rich, Morocco); E, metasoma P. nanum (Kalpetran, Switzerland); F, metasoma P. scapulare (Rich, Morocco)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6997760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6997760/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302">9B, D, F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136A2A41FF9AFFA6B183F908FE72F8B2" box="[444,489,1791,1816]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="16.[145,232,1448,1470]" captionTargetBox="[149,757,195,1408]" captionTargetId="figure-611@16.[149,757,195,1408]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 10. Gonostyli. A, Pseudoanthidium nanum (Thüringen, Germany); B, P. scapulare (Villeneuve-lès- Maguelone, France); C, P. tenellum (Krasnoperekopsk, Crimea)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6997762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6997762/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302">10B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136A2A41FF9AFFA6B1C8F908FDBFF8B2" box="[503,548,1791,1816]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="17.[164,243,1501,1523]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,1461]" captionTargetId="figure-186@17.[323,1283,195,1461]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 11. Sternal combs. A, Pseudoanthidium nanum (Dordogne, France); B, P. scapulare (Argèles-sur-Mer, France); C, P. stigmaticorne (Cabanes de Fleury, France); D, P. tenellum (Krasnoperekopsk, Crimea); E, P. palestinicum (Jerusalem, Israel); F, P. cribratum (Ayelet Hashar, Israel); G, P. kaspareki (Side, Turkey); H, P. rozeni (Hanna, Pakistan)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6997767" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6997767/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302">11B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136A2A41FF9AFFA6B20EF908FDC4F8B2" box="[561,607,1791,1816]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="18.[146,227,1493,1515]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1453]" captionTargetId="figure-192@18.[305,1265,195,1453]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 12. S3, males. A, Pseudoanthidium nanum (Dordogne, France); B, P. scapulare (Argèles-sur-Mer, France); C, P. stigmaticorne (Cabanes de Fleury, France); D, P. tenellum (Krasnoperekopsk, Crimea); E, P. palestinicum (Jerusalem, Israel); F, P. cribratum (Ayelet Hashar, Israel); G, P. kaspareki (Side, Turkey); H, P. rozeni (Hanna, Pakistan)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6997771" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6997771/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302">12B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136A2A41FF9AFFA6B253F908FD01F8B2" box="[620,666,1791,1816]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="19.[163,244,1498,1520]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,1458]" captionTargetId="figure-171@19.[323,1283,195,1458]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 13. S2, males. A, Pseudoanthidium nanum (Dordogne, France); B, P. scapulare (Argèles-sur-Mer, France); C, P. stigmaticorne (Cabanes de Fleury, France); D, P. tenellum (Krasnoperekopsk, Crimea); E, P. palestinicum (Jerusalem, Israel); F, P. cribratum (Ayelet Hashar, Israel); G, P. kaspareki (Side, Turkey); H, P. rozeni (Hanna, Pakistan)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6997773" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6997773/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302">13B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136A2A41FF9AFFA6B298F908FD58F8B2" box="[679,707,1791,1816]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="20.[145,223,1086,1108]" captionTargetBox="[150,1425,195,1047]" captionTargetId="figure-380@20.[145,1425,195,1047]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 14. Lectotype Anthidium frontale. A, dorsal view; B, face; C, labels; D, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6997775" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6997775/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302">14</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF010D5FF9AFFA6B09CF8DFFD33F894" author="Latreille PA" box="[163,680,1832,1854]" page="47" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302" year="1809">
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF9AFFA6B09CF8DFFD33F894" ID-CoL="8SFK2" authority="Latreille, 1809: 46 - 47" authorityName="Latreille" authorityPageNumber="46 - 47" authorityYear="1809" box="[163,680,1832,1854]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Anthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scapulare">
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<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF9AFFA6B09CF8DFFE07F897" box="[163,412,1832,1853]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302">Anthidium scapulare</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B35FF9AFFA6B19AF8DFFD33F894" author="Latreille PA" box="[421,680,1832,1854]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302" pagination="1 - 507" refId="ref34730" refString="Latreille PA. 1809. Memoire sur le genre d'Anthidie, Anthidium, de Fabricius, classe des insectes, ordre des hymenopteres, famille des Apiaires. Annales du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris 13: 1 - 507." type="journal article" year="1809">Latreille, 1809: 46–47</bibRefCitation>
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, 227, pl. 1,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136A2A41FF9AFFA6B0FEF8B0FE9EF8F6" box="[193,261,1863,1885]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="14.[146,224,814,836]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,196,774]" captionTargetId="figure-605@14.[145,1425,195,774]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 8. Lectotype Icteranthidium floripetum A, face; B, dorsal view; C, labels; D, vertex; E, T1–T3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6997756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6997756/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D57FD4DFF9AFFA6B129F8BDFEBEF8F6" box="[278,293,1866,1884]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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, Type locality: ‘Patria incognita’ [origin unknown].
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<typeStatus id="54EA8866FF9AFFA6B380FB03FBA8FAA3" box="[959,1075,1268,1289]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D57FD4DFF9AFFA6B400FB00FBD5FAA3" box="[1087,1102,1271,1289]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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, designated by
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF010D5FF9AFFA6B538FB03FCC1FA82" author="Tkalcu B" page="63" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302" year="1966">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B35FF9AFFA6B538FB03FCC1FA82" author="Tkalcu B" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302" pagination="62 - 66" refId="ref36204" refString="Tkalcu B. 1966. Revision of some Latreille's European species of the tribe Anthidi [i] ni with the description of a new species (Hymenoptera; Apoidea, Megachilidae). Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca 63: 62 - 66." type="journal article" year="1966">Tkalců, 1966: 63</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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: ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF9AFFA6B354FAE5FC46FA8D" ID-CoL="8SFK2" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[875,989,1298,1319]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Anthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scapulare">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF9AFFA6B354FAE5FC46FA8D" box="[875,989,1298,1319]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302">scapulare</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D57FD4DFF9AFFA6B3DAFAE2FC6FFA8D" box="[997,1012,1301,1319]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
’, ‘
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EA8866FF9AFFA6B433FAE4FB1AFA82" box="[1036,1153,1299,1320]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF9AFFA6B498FAE5FCEAFAED" ID-CoL="8SFK2" authority="Latr." authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Anthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scapulare">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF9AFFA6B498FAE5FA38FA8D" box="[1191,1443,1298,1319]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302">Anthidium scapulare</emphasis>
|
||
Latr.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D57FD4DFF9AFFA6B347FAC3FC1CFAEC" box="[888,903,1332,1350]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
1965 Tkalců det.’, ‘Type O.U.M.’ (OUMNH).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C4FF9AFFA6B36CFAA7FC39F93D" blockId="15.[827,1444,1267,1688]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4111EAFF9AFFA6B36CFAA7FC39F93D" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF010D5FF9AFFA6B36CFAA7FC76FA2E" author="Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau ALM" page="378" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302" year="1841">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF9AFFA6B36CFAA7FC76FA2E" ID-CoL="8SRWG" authority="Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1841: 377 - 378" authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau" authorityPageNumber="377 - 378" authorityYear="1841" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Anthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF9AFFA6B36CFAA7FBA6FACF" box="[851,1085,1360,1381]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302">Anthidium frontale</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B35FF9AFFA6B478FAA7FC76FA2E" author="Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau ALM" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302" refId="ref34771" refString="Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau ALM. 1841. Histoire naturelle des insectes. Hymenopteres, Vol. 2. Paris: Roret." type="book" year="1841">Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1841: 377–378</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D57FD4DFF9AFFA6B3C4FA86FB91FA29" box="[1019,1034,1393,1411]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, synon. nov. Type locality: ‘
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3467654FF9AFFA6B562FA98FA05FA2E" box="[1373,1438,1391,1412]" name="Algeria" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302">Oran</collectingCountry>
|
||
; envoyé par mon fils. Ma collection’ [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3467654FF9AFFA6B4CBFA7AFAADFA08" box="[1268,1334,1421,1442]" name="Algeria" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302">Oran</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3467654FF9AFFA6B57CFA7AFA05FA09" box="[1347,1438,1421,1443]" name="Algeria" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
; sent by my son. [My collection]
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EA8866FF9AFFA6B4E8FA5BFACFFA6B" box="[1239,1364,1452,1473]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D57FD4DFF9AFFA6B55BFA58FAE8FA6B" box="[1380,1395,1455,1473]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, by present designation: ‘anthidium
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF9AFFA6B4E1FA3DFAEFFA4A" ID-CoL="8SRWG" authority="LP." authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau" authorityYear="1841" box="[1246,1396,1482,1504]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Anthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontale">frontale LP.</taxonomicName>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D57FD4DFF9AFFA6B540FA3AFA15FA75" box="[1407,1422,1485,1503]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
.’, ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF9AFFA6B37EFA1EFB93F9B4" ID-CoL="8S88T" authority="Panz. J. Pasteels" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lituratum" subGenus="Paraanthidiellum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF9AFFA6B37EFA1EFB84FA54" box="[833,1055,1513,1534]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302">Pseudoanthidium</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF9AFFA6B40BFA1EFA8FFA54" box="[1076,1300,1513,1534]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302">Paraanthidiellum</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF9AFFA6B516FA1EFA38FA54" box="[1321,1443,1513,1534]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302">lituratum</emphasis>
|
||
Panz. J. Pasteels
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
det. 1966’, ‘
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EA8866FF9AFFA6B4A3F9FFFA8FF9B7" box="[1180,1300,1544,1565]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF9AFFA6B521F9FFFBE7F996" ID-CoL="8SRWG" authority="Lep. Le Divelec" authorityName="Lep. Le Divelec" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Anthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF9AFFA6B521F9FFFC3AF991" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302">Anthidium frontale</emphasis>
|
||
Lep. Le Divelec
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
des. 2020’ [red label] (MNHN), ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF9AFFA6B382F9B2FC64F9D0" ID-CoL="4NP4X" authority="(Latreille, 1809) Le Divelec" authorityName="Le Divelec" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1809" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scapulare">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF9AFFA6B382F9B2FA87F9F0" box="[957,1308,1605,1626]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302">Pseudoanthidium scapulare</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B35FF9AFFA6B510F9B2FCE8F9D3" author="Latreille PA" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302" pagination="1 - 507" refId="ref34730" refString="Latreille PA. 1809. Memoire sur le genre d'Anthidie, Anthidium, de Fabricius, classe des insectes, ordre des hymenopteres, famille des Apiaires. Annales du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris 13: 1 - 507." type="journal article" year="1809">Latreille, 1809</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) Le Divelec
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
det. 2020’, ‘MNHN, Paris EY24646’ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136A2A41FF9AFFA6B37CF975FC08F93D" box="[835,915,1666,1688]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="20.[145,223,1086,1108]" captionTargetBox="[150,1425,195,1047]" captionTargetId="figure-380@20.[145,1425,195,1047]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 14. Lectotype Anthidium frontale. A, dorsal view; B, face; C, labels; D, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6997775" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6997775/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B654FFF9AFFBAB304F93EFE7DF900" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="1306" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C4FF9AFFA6B304F93EFA01F954" blockId="15.[827,1441,1737,1790]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF9AFFA6B304F93EFBA0F974" box="[827,1083,1737,1758]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302">Material examined:</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D57FD4DFF9AFFA6B474F93EFB47F975" box="[1099,1244,1737,1759]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302" type="female">89 females</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D57FD4DFF9AFFA6B4D2F93EFAF8F975" box="[1261,1379,1737,1759]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302" type="male">83 males</specimenCount>
|
||
(see Supporting Information, Table S1 for specimen data).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C4FF9AFFA6B304F8D1FAF2F8F0" blockId="15.[827,1441,1830,1883]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF9AFFA6B304F8D1FC43F891" box="[827,984,1830,1851]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3467654FF9AFFA6B3D0F8D1FBD0F896" box="[1007,1099,1830,1852]" name="Algeria" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3467654FF9AFFA6B465F8D0FB2BF896" box="[1114,1200,1831,1852]" name="France" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3467654FF9AFFA6B480F8D0FABEF896" box="[1215,1317,1831,1852]" name="Morocco" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3467654FF9AFFA6B50CF8D1FA05F896" box="[1331,1438,1830,1852]" name="Portugal" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3467654FF9AFFA6B304F8B2FCE6F8F1" box="[827,893,1861,1883]" name="Spain" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
(including Mallorca) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3467654FF9AFFA6B49DF8B2FB62F8F1" box="[1186,1273,1861,1883]" name="Tunisia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136A2A41FF9AFFA6B537F8B2FAC2F8F1" box="[1288,1369,1861,1883]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[163,241,1175,1197]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,195,1135]" captionTargetId="figure-372@11.[163,1443,195,1135]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. Palaearctic distribution of A, Pseudoanthidium nanum; B, P. scapulare; C, P. stigmaticorne; D, P. tenellum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6997752" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6997752/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1302">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2E664CFF85FFB9B0AEFA5FFF76F9BC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6997762" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6997762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6997762/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" startId="16.[145,232,1448,1470]" targetBox="[149,757,195,1408]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C4FF85FFB9B0AEFA5FFF76F9BC" blockId="16.[145,761,1448,1558]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B0AEFA5FFE83FA17" bold="true" box="[145,280,1448,1470]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Gonostyli. A,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B1F3FA5FFD62FA14" box="[460,761,1448,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B1F3FA5FFD62FA14" box="[460,761,1448,1470]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">Pseudoanthidium nanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Thüringen, Germany); B,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B184FA31FDDAFA71" authorityName="Le Divelec" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1809" box="[443,577,1477,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scapulare">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B184FA31FDDAFA71" box="[443,577,1477,1499]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">P. scapulare</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Villeneuve-lès- Maguelone, France); C,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B1A0FA14FD87FA53" authorityName="Mocsary" authorityYear="1879" box="[415,540,1507,1529]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Anthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenellum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B1A0FA14FD87FA53" box="[415,540,1507,1529]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">P. tenellum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Krasnoperekopsk, Crimea).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C4FF85FFB9B0AEF9B4FD51F978" blockId="16.[145,761,1602,1747]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B0AEF9B4FE4FF9F2" box="[145,468,1602,1624]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">Host-plant associations:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B1CFF9B5FD1BF9F2" box="[496,640,1602,1624]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B2B1F9B5FD62F9FD" bold="true" box="[654,761,1602,1624]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3467654FF85FFB9B2B1F9B5FD62F9FD" box="[654,761,1602,1624]" name="Algeria" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B0AEF996FE0AF9DC" box="[145,401,1633,1654]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calcitrapa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B0AEF996FE0AF9DC" box="[145,401,1633,1654]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">Centaurea calcitrapa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B1FAF996FDC1F9DC" box="[453,602,1633,1654]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Carduus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B1FAF996FDB6F9DC" box="[453,557,1633,1654]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">Carduus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B255F996FE5EF93F" authority="Schousb." authorityName="Schousb." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Onopordum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macracanthum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B255F996FED0F93E" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">Onopordum macracanthum</emphasis>
|
||
Schousb.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B1EBF988FE85F919" authority="(Cass.) DC." authorityName="DC." baseAuthorityName="Cass." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Atractylis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serratuloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B1EBF988FD63F93E" box="[468,760,1663,1684]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">Atractylis serratuloides</emphasis>
|
||
(Cass.) DC.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B112F969FDB2F919" box="[301,553,1694,1715]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cynara" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cardunculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B112F969FDB2F919" box="[301,553,1694,1715]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">Cynara cardunculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B262F968FD63F91E" box="[605,760,1694,1716]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Verbenaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B0AEF94AFF74F979" bold="true" box="[145,239,1725,1747]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3467654FF85FFB9B0AEF94AFF74F979" box="[145,239,1725,1747]" name="Algeria" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B0CAF94AFE53F978" box="[245,456,1725,1746]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Verbena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="officinalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B0CAF94AFE53F978" box="[245,456,1725,1746]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">Verbena officinalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B35FF85FFB9B1CBF94AFD21F978" author="Aguib S & Louadi K & Schwarz M" box="[500,698,1725,1747]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" pagination="121 - 152" refId="ref32974" refString="Aguib S, Louadi K, Schwarz M. 2010. Les Anthidiini (Megachilidae, Megachilinae) d'Algerie avec trois especes nouvelles pour ce pays: Anthidium (Anthidium) florentinum (Fabricius, 1775), Anthidium (Proanthidium) amabile Alfken, 1932 et Pseudoanthidium (Exanthidium) enslini (Alfken, 1928). Entomofauna 31: 121 - 152." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Aguib
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B200F94AFDECF978" box="[575,631,1725,1746]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C4FF85FFB9B0AEF90CFB23FC8B" blockId="16.[145,761,1787,1901]" lastBlockId="16.[809,1426,197,1691]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B0AEF90CFF61F8BA" box="[145,250,1787,1808]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B35FF85FFB9B13AF90CFE07F8BB" author="Tkalcu B" box="[261,412,1787,1809]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" pagination="62 - 66" refId="ref36204" refString="Tkalcu B. 1966. Revision of some Latreille's European species of the tribe Anthidi [i] ni with the description of a new species (Hymenoptera; Apoidea, Megachilidae). Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca 63: 62 - 66." type="journal article" year="1966">Tkalců (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B35FF85FFB9B1F0F90CFDE6F8BB" author="Warncke K" box="[463,637,1787,1809]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" pagination="119 - 210" refId="ref36293" refString="Warncke K. 1980. Die Bienengattung Anthidium Fabricius, 1804 in der Westpalaarktis und im turkestanischen Becken. Entomofauna 1: 119 - 210." type="journal article" year="1980">Warncke (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B0AEF8EDFEBAF885" authorityName="Le Divelec" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1809" box="[145,289,1818,1839]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scapulare">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B0AEF8EDFEBAF885" box="[145,289,1818,1839]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">A. scapulare</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B200F8ECFD34F89A" box="[575,687,1819,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B200F8ECFD34F89A" box="[575,687,1819,1840]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">P. nanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(= as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B0AEF8CEFEC2F8E4" authority="Panzer" authorityName="Panzer" box="[145,345,1849,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lituratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B0AEF8CEFE9BF8E4" box="[145,256,1849,1870]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">lituratum</emphasis>
|
||
Panzer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), yet an examination of photographs of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EA8866FF85FFB9B0D8F8A0FEC3F8C7" box="[231,344,1879,1901]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B1B9F8AFFD62F8C7" authority="(Latreille, 1809)" authorityName="Le Divelec" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1809" box="[390,761,1879,1901]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scapulare">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B1B9F8AFFD85F8C6" box="[390,542,1879,1901]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">P. scapulare</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B35FF85FFB9B20BF8A0FD74F8C7" author="Latreille PA" box="[564,751,1879,1901]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" pagination="1 - 507" refId="ref34730" refString="Latreille PA. 1809. Memoire sur le genre d'Anthidie, Anthidium, de Fabricius, classe des insectes, ordre des hymenopteres, famille des Apiaires. Annales du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris 13: 1 - 507." type="journal article" year="1809">Latreille, 1809</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
demonstrate that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B3D0FF31FBE8FF70" authorityName="Le Divelec" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1809" box="[1007,1139,197,219]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scapulare">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B3D0FF31FBE8FF70" box="[1007,1139,197,219]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">P. scapulare</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B51CFF31FA10FF71" box="[1315,1419,198,219]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B51CFF31FA10FF71" box="[1315,1419,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">P. nanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B35FF85FFB9B316FF13FC43FF50" author="Tkalcu B" box="[809,984,227,250]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" pagination="165 - 190" refId="ref36247" refString="Tkalcu B. 1975. Sammelergebnisse der von RNDr. A. Hoffer geleiteten Algerien-Expeditionen in den Jahren 1971 und 1972 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). 1. Teil: Megachilidae. Acta Rerum Naturalium Musei Nationalis Slovaci Bratislava 21: 165 - 190." type="journal article" year="1975">Tkalců (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also came to this conclusion, but recognized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B399FEF4FBB7FEBD" authorityName="Le Divelec" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1809" box="[934,1068,258,280]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scapulare">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B399FEF4FBB7FEBD" box="[934,1068,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">P. scapulare</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B4C0FEF4FAF2FEB2" box="[1279,1385,259,280]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B4C0FEF4FAF2FEB2" box="[1279,1385,259,280]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">P. nanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B316FED6FC77FE9C" authority="Panzer" authorityName="Panzer" box="[809,1004,289,310]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lituratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B316FED6FC0DFE9C" box="[809,918,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">lituratum</emphasis>
|
||
Panzer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), rather than a distinct species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B35FF85FFB9B572FED5FCF5FEFF" author="Pridal A" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" pagination="29 - 66" refId="ref35730" refString="Pridal A. 2004. Checklist of the bees in the Czech Republic and Slovakia with comments on their distribution and taxonomy (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 52: 29 - 66." type="journal article" year="2004">Přidal (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
eventually removed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B467FEB7FB45FEFF" authorityName="Le Divelec" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1809" box="[1112,1246,320,341]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scapulare">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B467FEB7FB45FEFF" box="[1112,1246,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">P. scapulare</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B35EFEA8FC52FEDE" box="[865,969,351,372]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B35EFEA8FC52FEDE" box="[865,969,351,372]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">P. nanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B3CAFEA8FBE1FED9" box="[1013,1146,350,372]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lituratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B3CAFEA8FBE1FED9" box="[1013,1146,350,372]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">P. lituratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), considering it a distinct species. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EA8866FF85FFB9B383FE8AFBBFFE39" box="[956,1060,381,403]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B476FE89FB4EFE38" authorityName="Le Divelec" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1809" box="[1097,1237,381,403]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scapulare">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B476FE89FB4EFE38" box="[1097,1237,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">P. scapulare</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a badly worn female, but still corresponds to the morphological criteria associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B473FE4CFB40FE65" authorityName="Le Divelec" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1809" box="[1100,1243,442,464]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scapulare">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B473FE4CFB40FE65" box="[1100,1243,442,464]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">P. scapulare</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, namely in the relatively fine punctation on the second tergum and the overall aspect of the integument, which is glittery but not shiny. The male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B424FDE0FB04FD81" authorityName="Le Divelec" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1809" box="[1051,1183,534,556]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scapulare">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B424FDE0FB04FD81" box="[1051,1183,534,556]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">P. scapulare</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also clearly distinct from the males of other members of the complex, namely in the shape of the gonostylus, the shape of the sternal comb and the morphology of S2–S4. Ultra-conserved element analyses further demonstrate that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B533FD65FA0AFD0C" authorityName="Le Divelec" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1809" box="[1292,1425,657,679]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scapulare">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B533FD65FA0AFD0C" box="[1292,1425,657,679]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">P. scapulare</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is genetically distinct from other taxa in the complex, in particular from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B3C7FD38FBF9FD4E" box="[1016,1122,719,740]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B3C7FD38FBF9FD4E" box="[1016,1122,719,740]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">P. nanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We thus agree with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B35FF85FFB9B572FD38FCF5FCA8" author="Pridal A" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" pagination="29 - 66" refId="ref35730" refString="Pridal A. 2004. Checklist of the bees in the Czech Republic and Slovakia with comments on their distribution and taxonomy (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 52: 29 - 66." type="journal article" year="2004">Přidal (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B35FF85FFB9B39AFD1AFBEAFCA8" author="Aguib S & Louadi K & Schwarz M" box="[933,1137,749,771]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" pagination="121 - 152" refId="ref32974" refString="Aguib S, Louadi K, Schwarz M. 2010. Les Anthidiini (Megachilidae, Megachilinae) d'Algerie avec trois especes nouvelles pour ce pays: Anthidium (Anthidium) florentinum (Fabricius, 1775), Anthidium (Proanthidium) amabile Alfken, 1932 et Pseudoanthidium (Exanthidium) enslini (Alfken, 1928). Entomofauna 31: 121 - 152." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Aguib
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B3D1FD19FBBEFCA8" box="[1006,1061,749,771]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B533FD19FA0AFCA8" authorityName="Le Divelec" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1809" box="[1292,1425,749,771]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scapulare">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B533FD19FA0AFCA8" box="[1292,1425,749,771]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">P. scapulare</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a distinct species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B478FCFBFB2AFC8B" box="[1095,1201,780,801]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B478FCFBFB2AFC8B" box="[1095,1201,780,801]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">P. nanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C4FF85FFB9B37EFCDCFC29F930" blockId="16.[809,1426,197,1691]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">
|
||
A specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B3DEFCDDFC50FCF4" authority="Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1841" authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau" authorityYear="1841" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Anthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B3DEFCDDFB2CFC95" box="[993,1207,810,831]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">Anthidium frontale</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B35FF85FFB9B482FCDDFC50FCF4" author="Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau ALM" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" refId="ref34771" refString="Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau ALM. 1841. Histoire naturelle des insectes. Hymenopteres, Vol. 2. Paris: Roret." type="book" year="1841">Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1841</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was discovered in the collections at the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED40AE01FF85FFB9B316FC9FFCE7FCD7" box="[809,892,872,893]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136A2A41FF85FFB9B3B4FC9FFC4CFCD7" box="[907,983,872,894]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="20.[145,223,1086,1108]" captionTargetBox="[150,1425,195,1047]" captionTargetId="figure-380@20.[145,1425,195,1047]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 14. Lectotype Anthidium frontale. A, dorsal view; B, face; C, labels; D, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6997775" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6997775/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
). The handwriting on the label bearing the species name is discernible as that of Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau. As is typical of the Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau collection, the specimen bears no locality label; in this particular collection, such information is most often found pinned in the entomological drawer containing the specimens. Unfortunately, the individual in question has been dissociated from both its original drawer and some of its original labels; no information concerning its original collection locality is available. Although the specimen is not explicitly labelled as a type, the unusual yellow markings on the face are detailed in the species description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B3FEFB2FFBA8FB47" authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau" authorityYear="1841" box="[961,1075,1240,1261]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Anthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B3FEFB2FFBA8FB47" box="[961,1075,1240,1261]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">A. frontale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, giving us reason to believe that this individual was used as this basis for the original description. Furthermore, the specimen is prepared on a short, thick pin characteristic of the Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau collection. We hereby designate this specimen as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EA8866FF85FFB9B348FA86FC45FA2D" box="[887,990,1393,1415]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B433FA86FB1FFA2C" authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau" authorityYear="1841" box="[1036,1156,1393,1414]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Anthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B433FA86FB1FFA2C" box="[1036,1156,1393,1414]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">A. frontale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A careful examination indicates that it corresponds to the same taxon that we refer to here as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B3E2FA58FBFFFA69" authorityName="Le Divelec" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1809" box="[989,1124,1454,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scapulare">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B3E2FA58FBFFFA69" box="[989,1124,1454,1476]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">P. scapulare</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and it bears the extensive yellow markings frequently seen in northern African populations of this species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B471FA1BFABAF9AB" authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau" authorityYear="1841" box="[1102,1313,1516,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Anthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B471FA1BFABAF9AB" box="[1102,1313,1516,1537]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">Anthidium frontale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was, until now, considered a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B4BDF9FDFA8BF994" authority="Latreille, 1809" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Anthidiellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="strigatum" subSpecies="contractum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B4BDF9FDFC33F995" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">Anthidiellum strigatum contractum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B35FF85FFB9B390F9DEFBC9F994" author="Latreille PA" box="[943,1106,1577,1599]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" pagination="1 - 507" refId="ref34730" refString="Latreille PA. 1809. Memoire sur le genre d'Anthidie, Anthidium, de Fabricius, classe des insectes, ordre des hymenopteres, famille des Apiaires. Annales du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris 13: 1 - 507." type="journal article" year="1809">Latreille, 1809</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B35FF85FFB9B45EF9DEFA9DF994" author="Warncke K" box="[1121,1286,1577,1599]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" pagination="119 - 210" refId="ref36293" refString="Warncke K. 1980. Die Bienengattung Anthidium Fabricius, 1804 in der Westpalaarktis und im turkestanischen Becken. Entomofauna 1: 119 - 210." type="journal article" year="1980">Warncke, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We hereby remove
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B3BBF9BFFC67F9F7" authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau" authorityYear="1841" box="[900,1020,1608,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Anthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B3BBF9BFFC67F9F7" box="[900,1020,1608,1629]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">A. frontale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B4C7F9BFFBBDF9D6" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Anthidiellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="strigatum" subSpecies="contractum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B4C7F9BFFBBDF9D6" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">Anthidiellum strigatum contractum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and place it in synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B316F971FC31F930" authorityName="Le Divelec" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1809" box="[809,938,1669,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scapulare">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B316F971FC31F930" box="[809,938,1669,1691]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">P. scapulare</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C4FF85FFB8B316F936FD7BF966" blockId="16.[809,1425,1729,1904]" lastBlockId="17.[163,780,1626,1740]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="1304" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B316F936FC6FF97C" box="[809,1012,1729,1750]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">Diagnosis female:</emphasis>
|
||
The female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF85FFB9B493F935FAACF97C" authorityName="Le Divelec" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1809" box="[1196,1335,1729,1751]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scapulare">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF85FFB9B493F935FAACF97C" box="[1196,1335,1729,1751]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">P. scapulare</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be distinguished from other members of this complex by the following combination of characters: overall impression of cuticle glittery but not shiny; punctation on terga, namely on
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED40AE01FF85FFB9B41FF8CBFBA8F8FB" box="[1056,1075,1852,1873]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">T</collectionCode>
|
||
1–
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED40AE01FF85FFB9B473F8CBFBC4F8FB" box="[1100,1119,1852,1873]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="16" pageNumber="1303">T</collectionCode>
|
||
2, narrow and dense with finely shagreened interspaces between punctures; posterior margin of
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED40AE01FF84FFB8B147F9ADFE11F9C5" box="[376,394,1626,1647]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="17" pageNumber="1304">T</collectionCode>
|
||
1–
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED40AE01FF84FFB8B19EF9ADFE28F9C5" box="[417,435,1626,1647]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="17" pageNumber="1304">T</collectionCode>
|
||
4 glittery but not shiny (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136A2A41FF84FFB8B286F9ADFF4AF924" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="15.[163,243,1142,1164]" captionTargetBox="[355,1251,195,1102]" captionTargetId="figure-349@15.[355,1251,195,1102]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 9. Dorsal habitus, females. A, vertex Pseudoanthidium nanum (Kalpetran, Switzerland); B, vertex P. scapulare (Rich, Morocco); C, mesonotum P.nanum (Kalpetran, Switzerland); D, mesonotum P.scapulare (Rich, Morocco); E, metasoma P. nanum (Kalpetran, Switzerland); F, metasoma P. scapulare (Rich, Morocco)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6997760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6997760/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1304">Fig. 9B, D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). In their zone of overlap, differentiating females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF84FFB8B09CF96FFEB2F906" authorityName="Le Divelec" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1809" box="[163,297,1687,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="1304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scapulare">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF84FFB8B09CF96FFEB2F906" box="[163,297,1687,1709]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1304">P. scapulare</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF84FFB8B1F5F96FFDAEF907" box="[458,565,1688,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="1304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF84FFB8B1F5F96FFDAEF907" box="[458,565,1688,1709]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1304">P. nanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is challenging (see ‘Diagnosis female’ under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF84FFB8B184F941FDBFF961" box="[443,548,1718,1739]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="1304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF84FFB8B184F941FDBFF961" box="[443,548,1718,1739]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1304">P. nanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for comparison).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2E664CFF84FFB8B09BFA2AFA95F987" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6997767" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6997767" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6997767/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1304" startId="17.[164,243,1501,1523]" targetBox="[323,1283,195,1461]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C4FF84FFB8B09BFA2AFA95F987" blockId="17.[163,1442,1501,1581]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1304">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF84FFB8B09BFA2AFE80FA58" bold="true" box="[164,283,1501,1523]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1304">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Sternal combs. A,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF84FFB8B1DBFA2AFD69FA58" box="[484,754,1501,1523]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="1304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF84FFB8B1DBFA2AFD69FA58" box="[484,754,1501,1523]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1304">Pseudoanthidium nanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Dordogne, France); B,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF84FFB8B3D3FA2AFBF0FA59" authorityName="Le Divelec" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1809" box="[1004,1131,1501,1523]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="1304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scapulare">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF84FFB8B3D3FA2AFBF0FA59" box="[1004,1131,1501,1523]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1304">P. scapulare</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Argèles-sur-Mer, France); C,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF84FFB8B09CFA0CFED6F9BA" baseAuthorityName="Dours" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[163,333,1530,1552]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="1304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigmaticorne">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF84FFB8B09CFA0CFED6F9BA" box="[163,333,1530,1552]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1304">P. stigmaticorne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Cabanes de Fleury, France); D,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF84FFB8B292FA0CFCB8F9BA" authorityName="Mocsary" authorityYear="1879" box="[685,803,1530,1552]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Anthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="1304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenellum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF84FFB8B292FA0CFCB8F9BA" box="[685,803,1530,1552]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1304">P. tenellum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Krasnoperekopsk, Crimea); E,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF84FFB8B443FA0CFA84F9BA" baseAuthorityName="Mavromoustakis" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[1148,1311,1530,1552]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="1304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palestinicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF84FFB8B443FA0CFA84F9BA" box="[1148,1311,1530,1552]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1304">P. palestinicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Jerusalem, Israel); F,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF84FFB8B134F9EFFE17F987" box="[267,396,1559,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="1304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cribratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF84FFB8B134F9EFFE17F987" box="[267,396,1559,1581]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1304">P. cribratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Ayelet Hashar, Israel); G,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF84FFB8B298F9EFFCBDF987" authorityName="Litman & Fateryga & Griswold & Aubert & Proshchalykin & Divelec & Burrows & Praz" authorityYear="2022" box="[679,806,1559,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="1304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaspareki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF84FFB8B298F9EFFCBDF987" box="[679,806,1559,1581]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1304">P. kaspareki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Side, Turkey); H,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF84FFB8B3D5F9EFFBDAF987" authorityName="Litman & Fateryga & Griswold & Aubert & Proshchalykin & Divelec & Burrows & Praz" authorityYear="2022" box="[1002,1089,1559,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="1304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rozeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF84FFB8B3D5F9EFFBDAF987" box="[1002,1089,1559,1581]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1304">P. rozeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hanna, Pakistan).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C4FF84FFBAB09CF902FE7DF900" blockId="17.[163,779,1780,1894]" lastBlockId="19.[163,779,1623,1706]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="1306" pageId="17" pageNumber="1304">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF84FFB8B09CF902FEFFF8A3" box="[163,356,1780,1802]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1304">Diagnosis male:</emphasis>
|
||
The male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF84FFB8B228F902FD32F8A3" authorityName="Le Divelec" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1809" box="[535,681,1780,1802]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="1304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scapulare">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF84FFB8B228F902FD32F8A3" box="[535,681,1780,1802]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1304">P. scapulare</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be distinguished from other members of this complex by the following combination of characters: gonostylus approximately 1.25 times wider at apex than at base (nearly parallel sided in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF84FFB8B45DF9ADFB4AF9C5" box="[1122,1233,1626,1647]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="1304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF84FFB8B45DF9ADFB4AF9C5" box="[1122,1233,1626,1647]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1304">P. nanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and considerably more so in other species) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136A2A41FF84FFB8B446F98FFB45F927" box="[1145,1246,1656,1678]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="16.[145,232,1448,1470]" captionTargetBox="[149,757,195,1408]" captionTargetId="figure-611@16.[149,757,195,1408]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 10. Gonostyli. A, Pseudoanthidium nanum (Thüringen, Germany); B, P. scapulare (Villeneuve-lès- Maguelone, France); C, P. tenellum (Krasnoperekopsk, Crimea)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6997762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6997762/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1304">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
|
||
); notch strongly U-shaped, deeper than notch is wide at opening and slightly offset at apex of gonostylus, so that interior tip of the notch is visibly wider than the exterior (notch either less deep in other species or V-shaped) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136A2A41FF84FFB8B506F904FA0EF8A2" box="[1337,1429,1779,1801]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="16.[145,232,1448,1470]" captionTargetBox="[149,757,195,1408]" captionTargetId="figure-611@16.[149,757,195,1408]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 10. Gonostyli. A, Pseudoanthidium nanum (Thüringen, Germany); B, P. scapulare (Villeneuve-lès- Maguelone, France); C, P. tenellum (Krasnoperekopsk, Crimea)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6997762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6997762/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1304">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
|
||
); lateral comb on S
|
||
<quantity id="4CA99B21FF84FFB8B436F8E6FBADF882" box="[1033,1078,1809,1832]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="17" pageNumber="1304" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
|
||
shape of chevron, with longest teeth approximately equal to or greater in length than maximum width of hind basitarsus (either larger in other species, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF87FFBBB14EF9BAFD84F9C8" baseAuthorityName="Mavromoustakis" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[369,543,1613,1634]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="1305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palestinicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF87FFBBB14EF9BAFD84F9C8" box="[369,543,1613,1634]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1305">P. palestinicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, mitten-shaped, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF87FFBBB090F99BFEB0F92A" authorityName="Mocsary" authorityYear="1879" box="[175,299,1643,1665]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Anthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="1305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenellum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF87FFBBB090F99BFEB0F92A" box="[175,299,1643,1665]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1305">P. tenellum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or even smaller in other species, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF87FFBBB0AEF97CFF61F90A" box="[145,250,1675,1696]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="1305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF87FFBBB0AEF97CFF61F90A" box="[145,250,1675,1696]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1305">P. nanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF87FFBBB138F97CFE2DF90A" baseAuthorityName="Dours" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[263,438,1675,1696]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="1305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigmaticorne">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF87FFBBB138F97CFE2DF90A" box="[263,438,1675,1696]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1305">P. stigmaticorne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF87FFBBB1D1F97CFDE3F935" box="[494,632,1674,1696]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="1305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cribratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF87FFBBB1D1F97CFDE3F935" box="[494,632,1674,1696]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1305">P. cribratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136A2A41FF87FFBBB2B1F97DFD70F935" box="[654,747,1674,1696]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="17.[164,243,1501,1523]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,1461]" captionTargetId="figure-186@17.[323,1283,195,1461]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 11. Sternal combs. A, Pseudoanthidium nanum (Dordogne, France); B, P. scapulare (Argèles-sur-Mer, France); C, P. stigmaticorne (Cabanes de Fleury, France); D, P. tenellum (Krasnoperekopsk, Crimea); E, P. palestinicum (Jerusalem, Israel); F, P. cribratum (Ayelet Hashar, Israel); G, P. kaspareki (Side, Turkey); H, P. rozeni (Hanna, Pakistan)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6997767" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6997767/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="1305">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
|
||
); posterior margin of S4 deeply emarginate at centre (not emarginate in other species); posterior, premarginal brush on S3 with hairs hooked at tips (hairs unhooked in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF87FFBBB0AEF8F2FE96F8B0" authorityName="Mocsary" authorityYear="1879" box="[145,269,1797,1818]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Anthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="1305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenellum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF87FFBBB0AEF8F2FE96F8B0" box="[145,269,1797,1818]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1305">P. tenellum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF87FFBBB17AF8F2FE54F8B0" box="[325,463,1797,1818]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="1305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cribratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF87FFBBB17AF8F2FE54F8B0" box="[325,463,1797,1818]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1305">P. cribratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136A2A41FF87FFBBB1D9F8F2FDDFF8B0" box="[486,580,1797,1819]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="18.[146,227,1493,1515]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1453]" captionTargetId="figure-192@18.[305,1265,195,1453]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 12. S3, males. A, Pseudoanthidium nanum (Dordogne, France); B, P. scapulare (Argèles-sur-Mer, France); C, P. stigmaticorne (Cabanes de Fleury, France); D, P. tenellum (Krasnoperekopsk, Crimea); E, P. palestinicum (Jerusalem, Israel); F, P. cribratum (Ayelet Hashar, Israel); G, P. kaspareki (Side, Turkey); H, P. rozeni (Hanna, Pakistan)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6997771" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6997771/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="1305">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
|
||
); shiny, hairless zone on S3 between posterior premarginal brush of hairs and anterior zone of dense, velvety pilosity stretching nearly straight across entire width of sternum, with medial extension extending anteriorly along the midline of sternum (no shiny hairless zone in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF87FFBBB4E8F97CFA10F90A" baseAuthorityName="Dours" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[1239,1419,1675,1696]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="1305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigmaticorne">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF87FFBBB4E8F97CFA10F90A" box="[1239,1419,1675,1696]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1305">P. stigmaticorne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; raised hairless zone matte in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF87FFBBB4B4F95EFA95F914" authorityName="Mocsary" authorityYear="1879" box="[1163,1294,1705,1726]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Anthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="1305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenellum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF87FFBBB4B4F95EFA95F914" box="[1163,1294,1705,1726]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1305">P. tenellum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, extending across width of sternum but without medial extension; raised hairless zone in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D47FF87FFBBB41AF910FB36F951" box="[1061,1197,1766,1788]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudoanthidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="1305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cribratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAD6FF87FFBBB41AF910FB36F951" box="[1061,1197,1766,1788]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1305">P. cribratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
trapezoidal, without medial extension) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136A2A41FF87FFBBB43AF8F3FBFEF8B0" box="[1029,1125,1796,1818]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="18.[146,227,1493,1515]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,1453]" captionTargetId="figure-192@18.[305,1265,195,1453]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 12. S3, males. A, Pseudoanthidium nanum (Dordogne, France); B, P. scapulare (Argèles-sur-Mer, France); C, P. stigmaticorne (Cabanes de Fleury, France); D, P. tenellum (Krasnoperekopsk, Crimea); E, P. palestinicum (Jerusalem, Israel); F, P. cribratum (Ayelet Hashar, Israel); G, P. kaspareki (Side, Turkey); H, P. rozeni (Hanna, Pakistan)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6997771" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6997771/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="1305">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
|
||
); raised zone on S2 shiny, dark and in shape of chevron; posterior margin of S2 usually gently emarginate medially (not so in other species) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136A2A41FF86FFBAB139F9A0FEFBF9C6" box="[262,352,1623,1645]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="19.[163,244,1498,1520]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,195,1458]" captionTargetId="figure-171@19.[323,1283,195,1458]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 13. S2, males. A, Pseudoanthidium nanum (Dordogne, France); B, P. scapulare (Argèles-sur-Mer, France); C, P. stigmaticorne (Cabanes de Fleury, France); D, P. tenellum (Krasnoperekopsk, Crimea); E, P. palestinicum (Jerusalem, Israel); F, P. cribratum (Ayelet Hashar, Israel); G, P. kaspareki (Side, Turkey); H, P. rozeni (Hanna, Pakistan)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6997773" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6997773/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1306">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
|
||
); hairs on ventral surface of trochanter 3 very short, velvety and dense, tuft of longer hairs present at base of trochanter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |