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<document id="86F536EFDD6F47EBFDCE74A60F350A90" ID-CLB-Dataset="4206" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2021.767.1491" ID-GBIF-Dataset="af600829-34a8-4c58-b5af-adaac0d1a78e" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5514875" ID-ZooBank="B606054C-025E-43AC-9507-14E755343A7A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1631927657697" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Zhang, Wei, Lei, Zhi-Ming &amp; Zhou, Chang-Fa" docDate="2021" docId="03EA87D95567FFC71E5DFB36FD4CF2C0" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-767_94-116.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 767 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.767.1491" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Afronurus drepanophyllus Zhang &amp; Lei &amp; Zhou 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="8B78F047-E8D6-4149-9A2E-10D631959037" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="100" masterDocId="FFD3FFA15565FFC11C15FFC7FF92F407" masterDocTitle="A contribution to the genus Afronurus Lestage, 1924 in China (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae, Ecdyonurinae)" masterLastPageNumber="116" masterPageNumber="94" pageNumber="96" updateTime="1699449713352" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="7263B337CCDEA3C836E5927B8AC39662">A contribution to the genus Afronurus Lestage, 1924 in China (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae, Ecdyonurinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="98BE9D61E64641AAD2B43B4A81C93CA0">Zhang, Wei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B600760AB342CBC235EDB51CDB860D4C">The Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="79CD2AB8665B3401A9EAD3F5C9467737">Lei, Zhi-Ming</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0689EE0659999FA89CD9C0D2AC389977">The Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China. &amp; The Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="13D23460AD538173E67E3BB2941AB337">Zhou, Chang-Fa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AAB51A0AB13C53A6D805F2CBE969C56E">The Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03EA87D95567FFC71E5DFB36FD4CF2C0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514807" ID-GBIF-Taxon="188498288" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5514807" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8B78F047-E8D6-4149-9A2E-10D631959037" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87D95567FFC71E5DFB36FD4CF2C0" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">
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<heading id="D0B481A35567FFC31E5DFB36FC7EF10B" box="[584,1004,1265,1292]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="96" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D4C5567FFC31E5DFB36FC1BF10B" authority="Zhang &amp; Lei &amp; Zhou, 2021" authorityName="Zhang &amp; Lei &amp; Zhou" authorityYear="2021" box="[584,905,1265,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Afronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drepanophyllus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5567FFC31E5DFB36FC1BF10B" bold="true" box="[584,905,1265,1292]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">Afronurus drepanophyllus</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20457A65567FFC31F84FB35FC7EF10B" box="[913,1004,1266,1292]" pageId="2" pageNumber="96" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="8BFC36CF5567FFC31E81FAFFFC33F155" blockId="2.[376,1211,1265,1363]" box="[660,929,1336,1363]" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5567FFC31E81FAFFFD6EF155" box="[660,764,1336,1362]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="3.[189,232,1945,1971]" captionStartId-1="4.[189,232,1887,1913]" captionStartId-2="5.[189,232,1887,1913]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1398,1200,1906]" captionTargetBox-1="[192,1395,908,1847]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1397,1265,1834]" captionTargetId-0="figure-319@3.[189,1398,1200,1906]" captionTargetId-1="figure-116@4.[192,1395,908,1847]" captionTargetId-2="figure-432@5.[189,1398,1265,1834]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Nymph of Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU).A. Nymphal habitus. B. Selected segments, enlarged, of terminal filament and right cercus (dorsal view). Scale bars: A = 2.0 mm; B = 0.1 mm." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Mouthparts of Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU). A. Labrum (ventral view). B. Median bristles of ventral labrum. C. Hypopharynx (ventral view). D. Left mandible (ventral view). E. Right mandible (ventral view). F. Labium. G. Maxillae. H. Incisors of left mandible. I. Incisors of right mandible. Scale bars: A, C–G = 0.5 mm; B = 0.3 mm; H–I = 0.2 mm." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Nymphal structures of Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU). A. Foreleg. B. Midleg. C. Hindleg. D. Hindleg tibia. E. Foreleg claw. F. Gill I. G. Gill II. H. Gill VI. I. Gill VII. J. Foreleg femur, bristles on dorsal surface. Scale bars: A–C = 1.0 mm; D, F, H = 0.5 mm; E, G = 0.3 mm; I = 0.2 mm; J = 0.1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514877" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514879" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514881" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5514877/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5514879/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5514881/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5567FFC31F1CFAFFFCC6F154" box="[777,852,1336,1363]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[189,232,1882,1908]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,940,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-122@7.[189,1398,940,1842]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. SEM photos of nymphal maxillae. A. A. drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU). B. A. furcatus (Zhou &amp; Zheng, 2003) (NNU). C. A. hunanensis (Zhang &amp; Cai, 1991) (NNU). A–C. Dentisetae. D. Enlarged scattered setae on ventral surface; the three species have similar structures (labels show distal dentisetae and proximal dentisetae respectively). Abbreviations: see Material and methods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514883/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">4A, D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5567FFC31F4AFAFFFCFDF154" box="[863,879,1336,1363]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,906,932]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,279,868]" captionTargetId="figure-11@8.[189,1398,279,868]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 5. Male structures of Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU). A. Male imago habitus. B. Forewing. C. Hindwing. D. Genitalia. E. Penes enlarged (arrows show lobe on lateral margin and titillators, respectively). F. Male imago, showing abdominal terga. Scale bars: A = 5.0 mm; B–D = 1.0 mm; E = 0.2 mm; F = 2.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514885/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5567FFC31F68FAFFFC33F155" box="[893,929,1336,1362]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,1883,1909]" captionTargetBox="[188,1397,1196,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-75@8.[188,1397,1196,1822]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. SEM photos of eggs. A. Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU). B. A. furcatus (Zhou &amp; Zheng, 2003) (NNU). C. A. hunanensis (Zhang &amp; Cai, 1991) (NNU). D. A. obliquistriatus (You et al., 1981) (NNU). E. A. rubromaculatus (You et al., 1981) (NNU). F. A. yixingensis (Wu &amp; You, 1986) (NNU)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514887/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">6A</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C35965445567FFC21CA8FABEFBEBF79F" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="2" pageNumber="96" type="diagnosis">
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<heading id="D0B481A35567FFC31CA8FABEFEA4F194" bold="true" box="[189,310,1401,1427]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="96" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5567FFC31CA8FABEFEA4F194" bold="true" box="[189,310,1401,1427]" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BFC36CF5567FFC31CA8FA6FFBBDF2F8" blockId="2.[187,1400,1448,1791]" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">
Compared to the other five 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D4C5567FFC31DE2FA6FFDC4F1C5" box="[503,598,1448,1474]" class="Aves" family="Anatidae" genus="Chinese" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anseriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chinese</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C434D4C5567FFC31E4EFA6FFCBDF1C5" box="[603,815,1448,1474]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Afronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5567FFC31E4EFA6FFD43F1C5" box="[603,721,1448,1474]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">Afronurus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, this new species somewhat resembles 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D4C5567FFC318FAFA6EFAFFF1C5" authorityName="NNU" baseAuthorityName="Zhou &amp; Zheng" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[1263,1389,1448,1475]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Afronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcatus">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5567FFC318FAFA6EFAFFF1C5" box="[1263,1389,1448,1475]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">A. furcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D4C5567FFC31CA8FA0BFEF1F1E2" authorityName="NNU" baseAuthorityName="Zhang &amp; Cai" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[189,355,1483,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Afronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hunanensis">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5567FFC31CA8FA0BFEF1F1E2" box="[189,355,1483,1510]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">A. hunanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D4C5567FFC31DB7FA0BFDD4F1E2" authorityName="NNU" baseAuthorityName="Wu &amp; You" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[418,582,1484,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Afronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yixingensis">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5567FFC31DB7FA0BFDD4F1E2" box="[418,582,1484,1510]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">A. yixingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in imaginal stages because of their similar abdominal color patterns (with longitudinal stripes and pale dots submedially). However, these species can easily be differentiated from each other by the shape of the penes and titillators: penial lobes of 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D4C5567FFC31806F9D5FB7AF22B" authority="Zhang &amp; Lei &amp; Zhou, 2021" authorityName="Zhang &amp; Lei &amp; Zhou" authorityYear="2021" box="[1043,1256,1554,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Afronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drepanophyllus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5567FFC31806F9D5FB7AF22B" box="[1043,1256,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">A. drepanophyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20457A65567FFC318E5F9D5FAD9F22B" box="[1264,1355,1554,1580]" pageId="2" pageNumber="96" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
are obviously divergent and form a U-shaped cleft; apex of each penis diverges into three lobes; titillators are thicker and stronger than in other congeners (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5567FFC31EEDF99FFCEAF274" box="[760,888,1624,1651]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,906,932]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,279,868]" captionTargetId="figure-11@8.[189,1398,279,868]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 5. Male structures of Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU). A. Male imago habitus. B. Forewing. C. Hindwing. D. Genitalia. E. Penes enlarged (arrows show lobe on lateral margin and titillators, respectively). F. Male imago, showing abdominal terga. Scale bars: A = 5.0 mm; B–D = 1.0 mm; E = 0.2 mm; F = 2.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514885/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">Fig. 5D–E</figureCitation>
). Comparatively, 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D4C5567FFC31851F99EFB74F275" authorityName="NNU" baseAuthorityName="Wu &amp; You" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[1092,1254,1625,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Afronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yixingensis">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5567FFC31851F99EFB74F275" box="[1092,1254,1625,1651]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">A. yixingensis</emphasis>
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has a spinelike projection between the two penial lobes and divergent spine-like titillators (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5567FFC3188EF9BCFA89F292" box="[1179,1307,1659,1685]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1852,1878]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1392,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-219@18.[189,1398,1392,1813]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 13. Genitalia of five species of Afronurus Lestage, 1924. A–B. A. furcatus (Zhou &amp; Zheng, 2003) (NNU). C–D. A. hunanensis (Zhang &amp; Cai, 1991) (NNU). E–F. A. obliquistriatus (You et al., 1981) (NNU). G–H. A. rubromaculatus (You et al., 1981) (NNU). I–J. A. yixingensis (Wu &amp; You, 1986) (NNU). A, C, E, G, I. Genitalia. B, D, F, H, J. Penes enlarged; arrows show titillators. Scale bars: A, C, E, G, I = 0.5 mm; B, D, F, H, J = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514901/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">Fig. 13I–J</figureCitation>
), while 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D4C5567FFC31CA8F958FEAEF2BE" authorityName="NNU" baseAuthorityName="Zhou &amp; Zheng" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[189,316,1695,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Afronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcatus">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5567FFC31CA8F958FEAEF2BE" box="[189,316,1695,1721]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">A. furcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D4C5567FFC31D60F958FD8BF2BF" authorityName="NNU" baseAuthorityName="Zhang &amp; Cai" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[373,537,1694,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Afronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hunanensis">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5567FFC31D60F958FD8BF2BF" box="[373,537,1694,1721]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">A. hunanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have plate-like titillators. Furthermore, the penial lobes of 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D4C5567FFC318D9F958FAD9F2BE" authorityName="NNU" baseAuthorityName="Zhou &amp; Zheng" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[1228,1355,1695,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Afronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcatus">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5567FFC318D9F958FAD9F2BE" box="[1228,1355,1695,1721]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">A. furcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are slightly divergent and connected by a foliated structure (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5567FFC31F70F905FC6AF2DB" box="[869,1016,1730,1756]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1852,1878]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1392,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-219@18.[189,1398,1392,1813]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 13. Genitalia of five species of Afronurus Lestage, 1924. A–B. A. furcatus (Zhou &amp; Zheng, 2003) (NNU). C–D. A. hunanensis (Zhang &amp; Cai, 1991) (NNU). E–F. A. obliquistriatus (You et al., 1981) (NNU). G–H. A. rubromaculatus (You et al., 1981) (NNU). I–J. A. yixingensis (Wu &amp; You, 1986) (NNU). A, C, E, G, I. Genitalia. B, D, F, H, J. Penes enlarged; arrows show titillators. Scale bars: A, C, E, G, I = 0.5 mm; B, D, F, H, J = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514901/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">Fig. 13A–B</figureCitation>
). In contrast, 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D4C5567FFC318B4F905FADAF2DB" authorityName="NNU" baseAuthorityName="Zhang &amp; Cai" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[1185,1352,1730,1756]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Afronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hunanensis">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5567FFC318B4F905FADAF2DB" box="[1185,1352,1730,1756]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">A. hunanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has penial lobes obviously spread out and U-shaped deeply cleft (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5567FFC31F86F922FBB1F2F8" box="[915,1059,1765,1791]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1852,1878]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1392,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-219@18.[189,1398,1392,1813]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 13. Genitalia of five species of Afronurus Lestage, 1924. A–B. A. furcatus (Zhou &amp; Zheng, 2003) (NNU). C–D. A. hunanensis (Zhang &amp; Cai, 1991) (NNU). E–F. A. obliquistriatus (You et al., 1981) (NNU). G–H. A. rubromaculatus (You et al., 1981) (NNU). I–J. A. yixingensis (Wu &amp; You, 1986) (NNU). A, C, E, G, I. Genitalia. B, D, F, H, J. Penes enlarged; arrows show titillators. Scale bars: A, C, E, G, I = 0.5 mm; B, D, F, H, J = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514901/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">Fig. 13C–D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36CF5567FFC21CA8F8E1FEBFF58A" blockId="2.[189,1399,1830,1998]" lastBlockId="3.[189,1399,265,397]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">
Generally, the nymphs of the six 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D4C5567FFC31E76F8E1FD50F347" box="[611,706,1830,1856]" class="Aves" family="Anatidae" genus="Chinese" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anseriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chinese</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C434D4C5567FFC31EDBF8E1FC34F347" box="[718,934,1830,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Afronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5567FFC31EDBF8E1FCD6F347" box="[718,836,1830,1856]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">Afronurus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
are alike because of their yellowishbrown body with various pale dots or stripes. For the convenience of identification, we separate them into two groups here: anterior margin of head with pale dots (
<taxonomicName id="4C434D4C5567FFC31FB4F8AAFBEAF380" authority="Zhang &amp; Lei &amp; Zhou, 2021" authorityName="Zhang &amp; Lei &amp; Zhou" authorityYear="2021" box="[929,1144,1901,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Afronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drepanophyllus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5567FFC31FB4F8AAFBEAF380" box="[929,1144,1901,1927]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">A. drepanophyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20457A65567FFC31897F8AAFB72F380" box="[1154,1248,1901,1927]" pageId="2" pageNumber="96" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D4C5567FFC318FAF8AAFAFDF380" authorityName="NNU" baseAuthorityName="Zhou &amp; Zheng" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[1263,1391,1901,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Afronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcatus">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5567FFC318FAF8AAFAFDF380" box="[1263,1391,1901,1927]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">A. furcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D4C5567FFC31CA8F857FE1BF3AD" box="[189,393,1936,1962]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Afronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obliquistriatus">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5567FFC31CA8F857FE1BF3AD" box="[189,393,1936,1962]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">A. obliquistriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D4C5567FFC31DD0F857FD32F3AD" box="[453,672,1936,1962]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Afronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubromaculatus">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5567FFC31DD0F857FD32F3AD" box="[453,672,1936,1962]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">A. rubromaculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5567FFC31EAFF857FC8FF3AD" box="[698,797,1936,1962]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[189,232,1945,1971]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1200,1906]" captionTargetId="figure-319@3.[189,1398,1200,1906]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1. Nymph of Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU).A. Nymphal habitus. B. Selected segments, enlarged, of terminal filament and right cercus (dorsal view). Scale bars: A = 2.0 mm; B = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514877/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5567FFC31F3FF857FC1CF3AC" box="[810,910,1936,1963]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[188,231,1852,1878]" captionTargetBox="[189,1383,1048,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-349@9.[186,1383,1048,1799]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 7. Nymphal habitus of five species of Afronurus Lestage, 1924. A–C. A. furcatus (Zhou &amp; Zheng, 2003) (NNU). D–F. A. hunanensis (Zhang &amp; Cai, 1991) (NNU). G–I. A. obliquistriatus (You et al., 1981) (NNU). J–L. A. rubromaculatus (You et al., 1981) (NNU). M–O. A. yixingensis (Wu &amp; You, 1986) (NNU). A, D, G, J, M. Head capsule. B, E, H, K, N. Abdominal terga. C, F, I, L, O. Caudal filaments. Scale bars: A–B, D–E, G–H, J–K, M–N = 2.0 mm; C, F, I, L, O = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514889/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">7A, G, J</figureCitation>
) and without any dot (
<taxonomicName id="4C434D4C5567FFC3188BF857FAD6F3AD" authorityName="NNU" baseAuthorityName="Zhang &amp; Cai" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[1182,1348,1936,1962]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Afronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hunanensis">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5567FFC3188BF857FAD6F3AD" box="[1182,1348,1936,1962]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">A. hunanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D4C5567FFC31CABF873FEF2F3CA" authorityName="NNU" baseAuthorityName="Wu &amp; You" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[190,352,1972,1998]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Afronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yixingensis">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5567FFC31CABF873FEF2F3CA" box="[190,352,1972,1998]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">A. yixingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5567FFC31D6EF874FD93F3C9" box="[379,513,1971,1998]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[188,231,1852,1878]" captionTargetBox="[189,1383,1048,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-349@9.[186,1383,1048,1799]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 7. Nymphal habitus of five species of Afronurus Lestage, 1924. A–C. A. furcatus (Zhou &amp; Zheng, 2003) (NNU). D–F. A. hunanensis (Zhang &amp; Cai, 1991) (NNU). G–I. A. obliquistriatus (You et al., 1981) (NNU). J–L. A. rubromaculatus (You et al., 1981) (NNU). M–O. A. yixingensis (Wu &amp; You, 1986) (NNU). A, D, G, J, M. Head capsule. B, E, H, K, N. Abdominal terga. C, F, I, L, O. Caudal filaments. Scale bars: A–B, D–E, G–H, J–K, M–N = 2.0 mm; C, F, I, L, O = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514889/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="96">Fig. 7D, M</figureCitation>
) (for detailed comparisons see remarks of each species below). Among the first group, 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D4C5566FFC21D5FFECEFDB1F524" authority="Zhang &amp; Lei &amp; Zhou, 2021" authorityName="Zhang &amp; Lei &amp; Zhou" authorityYear="2021" box="[330,547,265,291]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Afronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drepanophyllus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5566FFC21D5FFECEFDB1F524" box="[330,547,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="97">A. drepanophyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20457A65566FFC21E38FECDFD18F523" box="[557,650,266,292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="97" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D4C5566FFC21EDDFECEFCD9F524" authorityName="NNU" baseAuthorityName="Zhou &amp; Zheng" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[712,843,265,291]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Afronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcatus">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5566FFC21EDDFECEFCD9F524" box="[712,843,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="97">A. furcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be identified by the following characters: 1) glossae of the new species are slightly oblong (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5566FFC21F38FEEBFC19F541" box="[813,907,300,326]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1887,1913]" captionTargetBox="[192,1395,908,1847]" captionTargetId="figure-116@4.[192,1395,908,1847]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Mouthparts of Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU). A. Labrum (ventral view). B. Median bristles of ventral labrum. C. Hypopharynx (ventral view). D. Left mandible (ventral view). E. Right mandible (ventral view). F. Labium. G. Maxillae. H. Incisors of left mandible. I. Incisors of right mandible. Scale bars: A, C–G = 0.5 mm; B = 0.3 mm; H–I = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514879/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="97">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
), by contrast, glossae of 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D4C5566FFC218D6FEEAFAD5F541" authorityName="NNU" baseAuthorityName="Zhou &amp; Zheng" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[1219,1351,300,327]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Afronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcatus">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5566FFC218D6FEEAFAD5F541" box="[1219,1351,300,327]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="97">A. furcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are lobe-like (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5566FFC21D23FE88FE03F56D" box="[310,401,335,362]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,963,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-243@10.[189,1398,963,1848]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 8. Mouthparts of Afronurus furcatus (Zhou &amp; Zheng, 2003) (NNU). A. Labrum (ventral view). B. Hypopharynx (ventral view). C. Left mandible (ventral view). D. Right mandible (ventral view). E. Labium. F. Maxillae. G. Incisors of left mandible. H. Incisors of right mandible. Scale bars: A, C–D, F = 0.5 mm; B = 0.3 mm; E = 1.0 mm; G–H = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514891/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="97">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
); 2) gill I is sickle-like in the new species (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5566FFC21F98FE88FC76F56D" box="[909,996,335,362]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1887,1913]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,1265,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-432@5.[189,1398,1265,1834]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Nymphal structures of Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU). A. Foreleg. B. Midleg. C. Hindleg. D. Hindleg tibia. E. Foreleg claw. F. Gill I. G. Gill II. H. Gill VI. I. Gill VII. J. Foreleg femur, bristles on dorsal surface. Scale bars: A–C = 1.0 mm; D, F, H = 0.5 mm; E, G = 0.3 mm; I = 0.2 mm; J = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514881/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="97">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
) but banana-shaped in 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D4C5566FFC218E2FE97FAE5F56E" authorityName="NNU" baseAuthorityName="Zhou &amp; Zheng" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[1271,1399,335,362]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Afronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcatus">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5566FFC218E2FE97FAE5F56E" box="[1271,1399,335,362]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="97">A. furcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5566FFC21CD3FEB5FE8DF58A" box="[198,287,370,397]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[190,233,1920,1946]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1073,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-276@11.[189,1398,1073,1881]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 9. Nymphal structures of Afronurus furcatus (Zhou &amp; Zheng, 2003) (NNU). A. Foreleg. B. Midleg. C. Hindleg. D. Hindleg tibia. E. Foreleg claw. F. Gill I. G. Gill II. H. Gill VI. I. Gill VII. Scale bars: A–D = 1.0 mm; E–I = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514893/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="97">Fig. 9F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36CF5566FFC21CA8FE73FBEBF79F" blockId="3.[187,1399,436,920]" pageId="3" pageNumber="97">
Compared to other Asian congeners in the genus, this new species appears to be closely related to the 
<collectingCountry id="F354765F5566FFC21CABFE10FEB4F5F6" box="[190,294,471,497]" name="Thailand" pageId="3" pageNumber="97">Thailand</collectingCountry>
species 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D4C5566FFC21D97FE1FFC1FF5F6" authority="Braasch &amp; Boonsoong, 2010" authorityName="Braasch &amp; Boonsoong" authorityYear="2010" box="[386,909,471,498]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Afronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namnaoensis">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5566FFC21D97FE1FFDA8F5F6" box="[386,570,472,498]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="97">A. namnaoensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B3E5566FFC21E2AFE10FC1FF5F6" author="Braasch D. &amp; Boonsoong B." box="[575,909,471,498]" pageId="3" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref11221" refString="Braasch D. &amp; Boonsoong B. 2010. A contribution to the Heptageniidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) of Thailand and Malaysia. Zootaxa 2610 (1): 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2610.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">
Braasch &amp; Boonsoong, 
<quantity id="4CBB9B2A5566FFC21F47FE10FC1FF5F6" box="[850,909,471,497]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1053999999999995" pageId="3" pageNumber="97" unit="in" value="2010.0">2010</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in both nymphal and imaginal stages, e.g., the structures of mouthparts, legs and the shape of genitalia. However, the nymph of 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D4C5566FFC218B5FE3CFAE4F613" authority="Zhang &amp; Lei &amp; Zhou, 2021" authorityName="Zhang &amp; Lei &amp; Zhou" authorityYear="2021" box="[1184,1398,506,533]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Afronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drepanophyllus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5566FFC218B5FE3CFAE4F613" box="[1184,1398,506,533]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="97">A. drepanophyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20457A65566FFC21CA8FDD9FE8AF63F" box="[189,280,542,568]" pageId="3" pageNumber="97" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has larger body size (6.0–8.0 mm); head capsule has 2–5 pale dots on anterior margin and 4–5 pale dots on posterior margin, respectively; abdominal terga yellowish brown and with marked pale dots on terga I–IX; gill I sickle-like; caudal filaments slightly longer than body. In contrast, the nymph of 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D4C5566FFC21CA8FD4FFEE5F6A6" authorityName="Braasch &amp; Boonsoong" authorityYear="2010" box="[189,375,648,674]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Afronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namnaoensis">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5566FFC21CA8FD4FFEE5F6A6" box="[189,375,648,674]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="97">A. namnaoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has smaller body size (
<quantity id="4CBB9B2A5566FFC21E9CFD40FC8FF6A5" box="[649,797,647,674]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" metricValueMax="6.1" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="5.3" valueMax="6.1" valueMin="4.5">4.5–6.1 mm</quantity>
); head capsule without distinct dot; terga yellowish and with light markings on terga VII–IX; gill I leaf-like; caudal filaments 2× length of body. In male imago, 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D4C5566FFC21D0CFD09FE61F6EF" authority="Zhang &amp; Lei &amp; Zhou, 2021" authorityName="Zhang &amp; Lei &amp; Zhou" authorityYear="2021" box="[281,499,718,744]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Afronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drepanophyllus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5566FFC21D0CFD09FE61F6EF" box="[281,499,718,744]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="97">A. drepanophyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20457A65566FFC21DEAFD09FDCCF6EF" box="[511,606,718,744]" pageId="3" pageNumber="97" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has larger body size (8.0–10.0 mm); abdominal terga I–IX with brown longitudinal stripe and a pair of small pale dots medially; styliger plate with projections laterally; forceps with segment III subequal in length to segment IV and combined segments III and IV about half of segment II. Comparatively, 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D4C5566FFC21E41FCFFFC9FF756" authorityName="Braasch &amp; Boonsoong" authorityYear="2010" box="[596,781,824,850]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Afronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namnaoensis">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5566FFC21E41FCFFFC9FF756" box="[596,781,824,850]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="97">A. namnaoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has smaller body size (
<quantity id="4CBB9B2A5566FFC21808FCF0FB22F755" box="[1053,1200,823,850]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.55" metricValueMax="6.9" metricValueMin="6.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="6.55" valueMax="6.9" valueMin="6.2">6.2–6.9 mm</quantity>
); terga I–IX with median stripe only; lateral margins of styliger plate slightly expanded; forceps with segment IV half of segment III in length and combined segments III and IV ⅓× length of segment II.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35965445566FFC21CA8FC78FE9AF02C" pageId="3" pageNumber="97" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BFC36CF5566FFC21CA8FC78FED6F7DE" blockId="3.[189,324,959,985]" box="[189,324,959,985]" pageId="3" pageNumber="97">
<heading id="D0B481A35566FFC21CA8FC78FED6F7DE" bold="true" box="[189,324,959,985]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="97" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5566FFC21CA8FC78FED6F7DE" bold="true" box="[189,324,959,985]" pageId="3" pageNumber="97">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36CF5566FFC21CA8FC29FE9AF02C" blockId="3.[189,1398,1006,1067]" pageId="3" pageNumber="97">
The Latin specific name ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D4C5566FFC21DE3FC29FD39F00F" authorityName="Zhang &amp; Lei &amp; Zhou" authorityYear="2021" box="[502,683,1006,1032]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Afronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drepanophyllus">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5566FFC21DE3FC29FD39F00F" box="[502,683,1006,1032]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="97">drepanophyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ means ‘sickle’. It indicates the nymphs having sickle-like gills I.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF3C66475566FFC21CA8F85EFAD3F3D0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514877" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5514877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514877/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="97" startId="3.[189,232,1945,1971]" targetBox="[189,1398,1200,1906]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BFC36CF5566FFC21CA8F85EFAD3F3D0" blockId="3.[187,1398,1945,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5566FFC21CA8F85EFE98F3B4" bold="true" box="[189,266,1945,1971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="97">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
Nymph of 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D4C5566FFC21D9FF85EFD2EF3B4" authority="Zhang &amp; Lei &amp; Zhou, 2021" authorityName="Zhang &amp; Lei &amp; Zhou" authorityYear="2021" box="[394,700,1945,1971]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Afronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drepanophyllus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5566FFC21D9FF85EFD2EF3B4" box="[394,700,1945,1971]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="97">Afronurus drepanophyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20457A65566FFC21ED7F85DFC8EF3B3" box="[706,796,1946,1972]" pageId="3" pageNumber="97" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(NNU). 
<emphasis id="B937EADD5566FFC21F6AF85EFC06F3B4" bold="true" box="[895,916,1945,1971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="97">A</emphasis>
. Nymphal habitus. 
<emphasis id="B937EADD5566FFC21862F85EFB19F3B4" bold="true" box="[1143,1163,1945,1971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="97">B</emphasis>
. Selected segments, enlarged, of terminal filament and right cercus (dorsal view). Scale bars: A = 2.0 mm; B = 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C35965445561FFC51CA8FECFFBAAF687" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFC36CF5561FFC51CA8FECFFE38F525" blockId="4.[189,426,264,290]" box="[189,426,264,290]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">
<heading id="D0B481A35561FFC51CA8FECFFE38F525" bold="true" box="[189,426,264,290]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5561FFC51CA8FECFFE38F525" bold="true" box="[189,426,264,290]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36CF5561FFC51CFFFEF0FC87F591" blockId="4.[189,1398,311,406]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">
<materialsCitation id="3B2B3C925561FFC51CFFFEF0FC87F591" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3357848305" collectingDate="2019-01-22" collectionCode="NNU" collectorName="X. H. Y. Zheng" country="China" elevation="683" latitude="21.93531" location="Meng-Lun town" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="101.24881" municipality="Meng-La County" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Yunnan Province" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5561FFC51CFFFEF0FECEF556" bold="true" box="[234,348,311,337]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">
<typeStatus id="54F8886D5561FFC51CFFFEF0FECEF556" box="[234,348,311,337]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F354765F5561FFC51CA8FE9EFE8AF574" box="[189,280,345,371]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">CHINA</collectingCountry>
• 
<specimenCount id="9D45FD465561FFC51D23FE9DFEDDF573" box="[310,335,346,372]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
; 
<collectingRegion id="4987F82D5561FFC51D4BFE9DFDBEF574" box="[350,556,345,372]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B98ACB55561FFC51E2EFE9DFC98F574" box="[571,778,345,372]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">Meng-La County</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8E9C60145561FFC51F0DFE9DFC4FF573" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EA87D95567FFC71E5DFB36FD4CF2C0:8E9C60145561FFC51F0DFE9DFC4FF573" box="[792,989,346,372]" country="China" latitude="21.93531" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="101.24881" municipality="Meng-La County" name="Meng-Lun town" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">Meng-Lun town</location>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE7750085561FFC51FF9FE9FFB08F573" box="[1004,1178,344,372]" degrees="21" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" precision="1" seconds="7.12" value="21.93531">21°56′7.12″ N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE7750085561FFC518BCFE9FFAE3F573" box="[1193,1393,344,372]" degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" precision="1" seconds="55.72" value="101.24881">101°14′55.72″ E</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 
<quantity id="4CBB9B2A5561FFC51CFCFEBBFEA4F591" box="[233,310,380,406]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.83" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" unit="m" value="683.0">
<elevation id="006ED1FC5561FFC51CFCFEBBFEA4F591" box="[233,310,380,406]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.83" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" unit="m" value="683.0">683 m</elevation>
</quantity>
; 
<date id="FFFD100F5561FFC51D56FEBBFE49F591" box="[323,475,380,406]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" value="2019-01-22">
<collectingDate id="EFB9E9E75561FFC51D56FEBBFE49F591" box="[323,475,380,406]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" value="2019-01-22">22 Jan. 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
; 
<collectorName id="26B653195561FFC51DF2FEBBFD19F591" box="[487,651,380,406]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">X.H.Y. Zheng</collectorName>
leg.; 
<collectionCode id="ED52AE0A5561FFC51ED8FEBBFC82F591" box="[717,784,380,406]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">NNU</collectionCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36CF5561FFC51CFFFE7AFB49F5FD" blockId="4.[189,1243,445,506]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">
<materialsCitation id="3B2B3C925561FFC51CFFFE7AFB44F5FD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3357848318" collectingDate="2019-01-22" collectionCode="NNU" collectorName="X. H. Y. Zheng" country="China" elevation="683" latitude="21.93531" location="CHINA" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="101.24881" municipality="County" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Yunnan" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5561FFC51CFFFE7AFEF5F5D0" bold="true" box="[234,359,445,471]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">
<typeStatus id="54F8886D5561FFC51CFFFE7AFEF5F5D0" box="[234,359,445,471]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F354765F5561FFC51CA8FE27FE8AF5FD" box="[189,280,480,506]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">CHINA</collectingCountry>
• 
<specimenCount id="9D45FD465561FFC51D24FE27FECDF5FD" box="[305,351,480,506]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D45FD465561FFC51D79FE27FE0AF5FD" box="[364,408,480,506]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
subimago, 
<specimenCount id="9D45FD465561FFC51E35FE27FDDEF5FD" box="[544,588,480,506]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D45FD465561FFC51E4EFE27FD40F5FE" box="[603,722,479,506]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">4 nymphs</specimenCount>
; same collection data as for holotype; 
<collectionCode id="ED52AE0A5561FFC51886FE27FB44F5FD" box="[1171,1238,480,506]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">NNU</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36CF5561FFC51CFFFDE7FE73F63D" blockId="4.[189,1399,544,640]" box="[234,481,544,570]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5561FFC51CFFFDE7FE73F63D" bold="true" box="[234,481,544,570]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">Additional material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36CF5561FFC51CA8FD84FBAAF687" blockId="4.[189,1399,544,640]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">
<materialsCitation id="3B2B3C925561FFC51CA8FD84FBA6F687" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3357848314" collectingDate="2018-04-26" collectionCode="NNU" collectorName="W. Zhang &amp; Z. X. Ma" country="China" county="Liang-He County" elevation="951" latitude="24.77892" location="Fen-Shui-Ling town" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="98.26832" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" specimenCount="52" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">
<collectingCountry id="F354765F5561FFC51CA8FD84FE8AF65A" box="[189,280,579,605]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">CHINA</collectingCountry>
• 
<specimenCount id="9D45FD465561FFC51D25FD84FEE1F65A" box="[304,371,579,605]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D45FD465561FFC51D6AFD84FD96F65A" box="[383,516,579,606]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">50 nymphs</specimenCount>
; 
<collectingRegion id="4987F82D5561FFC51E18FD84FD4AF65A" box="[525,728,579,605]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty id="629D4E435561FFC51EF6FD84FC20F65A" box="[739,946,579,605]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">Liang-He County</collectingCounty>
, 
<location id="8E9C60145561FFC51FA8FD84FB3CF65A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EA87D95567FFC71E5DFB36FD4CF2C0:8E9C60145561FFC51FA8FD84FB3CF65A" box="[957,1198,579,605]" country="China" county="Liang-He County" latitude="24.77892" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="98.26832" name="Fen-Shui-Ling town" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">Fen-Shui-Ling town</location>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE7750085561FFC518ACFD86FAE0F65A" box="[1209,1394,577,605]" degrees="24" direction="north" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" precision="1" seconds="44.11" value="24.77892">24°46′44.11″ N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE7750085561FFC51CA8FDA3FEF4F687" box="[189,358,612,640]" degrees="98" direction="east" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" precision="1" seconds="5.92" value="98.26832">98°16′5.92″ E</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 
<quantity id="4CBB9B2A5561FFC51D8BFDA2FE79F687" box="[414,491,613,640]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.51" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" unit="m" value="951.0">
<elevation id="006ED1FC5561FFC51D8BFDA2FE79F687" box="[414,491,613,640]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.51" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" unit="m" value="951.0">951 m</elevation>
</quantity>
; 
<date id="FFFD100F5561FFC51DEDFDA2FD01F687" box="[504,659,613,640]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" value="2018-04-26">
<collectingDate id="EFB9E9E75561FFC51DEDFDA2FD01F687" box="[504,659,613,640]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" value="2018-04-26">26 Apr. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
; 
<collectorName id="26B653195561FFC51E8AFDA1FC80F687" box="[671,786,614,640]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">W. Zhang</collectorName>
and 
<collectorName id="26B653195561FFC51F5EFDA1FC3DF687" box="[843,943,614,640]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">Z.X. Ma</collectorName>
leg.; 
<collectionCode id="ED52AE0A5561FFC51FE4FDA1FBA6F687" box="[1009,1076,614,640]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">NNU</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35965445561FFC71CA8FD61FA95F25F" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFC36CF5561FFC51CA8FD61FEDCF6C7" blockId="4.[189,334,678,704]" box="[189,334,678,704]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">
<heading id="D0B481A35561FFC51CA8FD61FEDCF6C7" bold="true" box="[189,334,678,704]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5561FFC51CA8FD61FEDCF6C7" bold="true" box="[189,334,678,704]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36CF5561FFC51CFFFD12FED5F6E8" blockId="4.[189,1109,725,786]" box="[234,327,725,751]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5561FFC51CFFFD12FED5F6E8" bold="true" box="[234,327,725,751]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">Nymph</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36CF5561FFC51CA8FD3FFBC7F715" blockId="4.[189,1109,725,786]" box="[189,1109,760,786]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">MEASUREMENTS. Body length 6.0–8.0 mm, caudal filaments 8.0–10.0 mm long.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36CF5561FFC51CA8FCFEFD4EF754" blockId="4.[189,732,825,852]" box="[189,732,825,852]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">COLORATION. Body yellowish-brown to brown.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3C66475561FFC51CA8F898FC7EF3E3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514879" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5514879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514879/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" startId="4.[189,232,1887,1913]" targetBox="[192,1395,908,1847]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BFC36CF5561FFC51CA8F898FC7EF3E3" blockId="4.[189,1399,1887,2020]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5561FFC51CA8F898FE99F37E" bold="true" box="[189,267,1887,1913]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
Mouthparts of 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D4C5561FFC51DD4F8A7FD61F37D" authority="Zhang &amp; Lei &amp; Zhou, 2021" authorityName="Zhang &amp; Lei &amp; Zhou" authorityYear="2021" box="[449,755,1888,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Afronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drepanophyllus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5561FFC51DD4F8A7FD61F37D" box="[449,755,1888,1914]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">Afronurus drepanophyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20457A65561FFC51EEEF8A7FCC4F37D" box="[763,854,1888,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(NNU). 
<emphasis id="B937EADD5561FFC51FAAF898FC46F37E" bold="true" box="[959,980,1887,1913]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">A</emphasis>
. Labrum (ventral view). 
<emphasis id="B937EADD5561FFC518EEF8A7FA9DF37D" bold="true" box="[1275,1295,1888,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">B</emphasis>
. Median bristles of ventral labrum. 
<emphasis id="B937EADD5561FFC51DE8F844FD82F39A" bold="true" box="[509,528,1923,1949]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">C</emphasis>
. Hypopharynx (ventral view). 
<emphasis id="B937EADD5561FFC51F90F844FC0AF39A" bold="true" box="[901,920,1923,1949]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">D</emphasis>
. Left mandible (ventral view). 
<emphasis id="B937EADD5561FFC51906F844FAB7F39A" bold="true" box="[1299,1317,1923,1949]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">E</emphasis>
. Right mandible (ventral view). 
<emphasis id="B937EADD5561FFC51DE7F861FD96F3C7" bold="true" box="[498,516,1958,1984]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">F</emphasis>
. Labium. 
<emphasis id="B937EADD5561FFC51E93F861FD0FF3C7" bold="true" box="[646,669,1958,1984]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">G</emphasis>
. Maxillae. 
<emphasis id="B937EADD5561FFC51F3EF861FCD0F3C7" bold="true" box="[811,834,1958,1984]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">H</emphasis>
. Incisors of left mandible. 
<emphasis id="B937EADD5561FFC51881F861FB0DF3C7" bold="true" box="[1172,1183,1958,1984]" pageId="4" pageNumber="98">I</emphasis>
. Incisors of right mandible. Scale bars: A, C–G = 0.5 mm; B = 0.3 mm; H–I = 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFC36CF5560FFC41CA8FECEFCA9F7B1" blockId="5.[187,1400,265,950]" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">
HEAD. Head capsule subquadrangular, anterior margin slightly thickened and with 2–5 small pale dots (some immature individuals less than 5 dots), posterior margin slightly concave; additional 4–5 pale dots located between compound eyes (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5560FFC41E47FE89FD23F56F" box="[594,689,334,360]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[189,232,1945,1971]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1200,1906]" captionTargetId="figure-319@3.[189,1398,1200,1906]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1. Nymph of Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU).A. Nymphal habitus. B. Selected segments, enlarged, of terminal filament and right cercus (dorsal view). Scale bars: A = 2.0 mm; B = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514877/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
). Labrum expanded laterally, with slightly rounded apices; anterior margin with shallow median groove, long and dense setae on dorsal and ventral surfaces, those on dorsal surface longer and denser than others (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5560FFC41EFDFE53FCF5F5A9" box="[744,871,404,430]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1887,1913]" captionTargetBox="[192,1395,908,1847]" captionTargetId="figure-116@4.[192,1395,908,1847]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Mouthparts of Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU). A. Labrum (ventral view). B. Median bristles of ventral labrum. C. Hypopharynx (ventral view). D. Left mandible (ventral view). E. Right mandible (ventral view). F. Labium. G. Maxillae. H. Incisors of left mandible. I. Incisors of right mandible. Scale bars: A, C–G = 0.5 mm; B = 0.3 mm; H–I = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514879/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">Fig. 2A–B</figureCitation>
); an additional row of short bristles on ventral anterior margin (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5560FFC41D90FE71FE76F5D7" box="[389,484,438,464]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1887,1913]" captionTargetBox="[192,1395,908,1847]" captionTargetId="figure-116@4.[192,1395,908,1847]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Mouthparts of Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU). A. Labrum (ventral view). B. Median bristles of ventral labrum. C. Hypopharynx (ventral view). D. Left mandible (ventral view). E. Right mandible (ventral view). F. Labium. G. Maxillae. H. Incisors of left mandible. I. Incisors of right mandible. Scale bars: A, C–G = 0.5 mm; B = 0.3 mm; H–I = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514879/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
). Both mandibles covered with numerous setae on outer margins; prostheca with 3–5 fimbriate bristles (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5560FFC41E15FE1EFD2AF5F4" box="[512,696,473,499]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1887,1913]" captionTargetBox="[192,1395,908,1847]" captionTargetId="figure-116@4.[192,1395,908,1847]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Mouthparts of Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU). A. Labrum (ventral view). B. Median bristles of ventral labrum. C. Hypopharynx (ventral view). D. Left mandible (ventral view). E. Right mandible (ventral view). F. Labium. G. Maxillae. H. Incisors of left mandible. I. Incisors of right mandible. Scale bars: A, C–G = 0.5 mm; B = 0.3 mm; H–I = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514879/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">Fig. 2D–E, H–I</figureCitation>
); outer incisor of left mandible with serrated margin and one larger terminal denticle; inner incisor shorter than outer incisor and with trifid apex (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5560FFC418B4FE3BFAB6F611" box="[1185,1316,508,534]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1887,1913]" captionTargetBox="[192,1395,908,1847]" captionTargetId="figure-116@4.[192,1395,908,1847]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Mouthparts of Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU). A. Labrum (ventral view). B. Median bristles of ventral labrum. C. Hypopharynx (ventral view). D. Left mandible (ventral view). E. Right mandible (ventral view). F. Labium. G. Maxillae. H. Incisors of left mandible. I. Incisors of right mandible. Scale bars: A, C–G = 0.5 mm; B = 0.3 mm; H–I = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514879/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">Fig. 2D, H</figureCitation>
); outer incisor of right mandible serrated and with 2 apical terminal denticles; inner one divided into 2 sharp denticles (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5560FFC41D23FD86FE37F65C" box="[310,421,577,603]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1887,1913]" captionTargetBox="[192,1395,908,1847]" captionTargetId="figure-116@4.[192,1395,908,1847]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Mouthparts of Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU). A. Labrum (ventral view). B. Median bristles of ventral labrum. C. Hypopharynx (ventral view). D. Left mandible (ventral view). E. Right mandible (ventral view). F. Labium. G. Maxillae. H. Incisors of left mandible. I. Incisors of right mandible. Scale bars: A, C–G = 0.5 mm; B = 0.3 mm; H–I = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514879/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">Fig. 2E, I</figureCitation>
). Hypopharynx: apex of superlinguae strongly curved and extended into round lobelike structures, row of long hair-like setae on lateral margins from base to apex; lingua bell-like, subequal to superlinguae in length and with tuft of setae at apex (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5560FFC41F54FD41FC0DF6A7" box="[833,927,646,672]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1887,1913]" captionTargetBox="[192,1395,908,1847]" captionTargetId="figure-116@4.[192,1395,908,1847]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Mouthparts of Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU). A. Labrum (ventral view). B. Median bristles of ventral labrum. C. Hypopharynx (ventral view). D. Left mandible (ventral view). E. Right mandible (ventral view). F. Labium. G. Maxillae. H. Incisors of left mandible. I. Incisors of right mandible. Scale bars: A, C–G = 0.5 mm; B = 0.3 mm; H–I = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514879/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
). Maxillae with scattered fimbriate setae on ventral surface (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5560FFC41DB6FD6EFD95F6C4" box="[419,519,681,707]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1887,1913]" captionTargetBox="[192,1395,908,1847]" captionTargetId="figure-116@4.[192,1395,908,1847]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Mouthparts of Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU). A. Labrum (ventral view). B. Median bristles of ventral labrum. C. Hypopharynx (ventral view). D. Left mandible (ventral view). E. Right mandible (ventral view). F. Labium. G. Maxillae. H. Incisors of left mandible. I. Incisors of right mandible. Scale bars: A, C–G = 0.5 mm; B = 0.3 mm; H–I = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514879/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">Figs 2G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5560FFC41E01FD6EFDA9F6C4" box="[532,571,681,707]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[189,232,1882,1908]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,940,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-122@7.[189,1398,940,1842]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. SEM photos of nymphal maxillae. A. A. drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU). B. A. furcatus (Zhou &amp; Zheng, 2003) (NNU). C. A. hunanensis (Zhang &amp; Cai, 1991) (NNU). A–C. Dentisetae. D. Enlarged scattered setae on ventral surface; the three species have similar structures (labels show distal dentisetae and proximal dentisetae respectively). Abbreviations: see Material and methods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514883/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">4D</figureCitation>
), row of 13–15 comb-shaped setae on crown of galea-lacinia, middle combs with 9–13 teeth, distal dentisetae branched, proximal dentisetae bifid and fringed (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5560FFC41912FD0BFAFBF6E1" box="[1287,1385,716,742]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[189,232,1882,1908]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,940,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-122@7.[189,1398,940,1842]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. SEM photos of nymphal maxillae. A. A. drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU). B. A. furcatus (Zhou &amp; Zheng, 2003) (NNU). C. A. hunanensis (Zhang &amp; Cai, 1991) (NNU). A–C. Dentisetae. D. Enlarged scattered setae on ventral surface; the three species have similar structures (labels show distal dentisetae and proximal dentisetae respectively). Abbreviations: see Material and methods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514883/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
); maxillary palpi 3-segmented, first segment with setae on outer margin and basal half of inner margin; second segment obviously longer than basal one, outer margin with long setae, terminal segment with dense setaceous brush (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5560FFC41DC3FCF3FDA7F749" box="[470,565,820,846]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1887,1913]" captionTargetBox="[192,1395,908,1847]" captionTargetId="figure-116@4.[192,1395,908,1847]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Mouthparts of Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU). A. Labrum (ventral view). B. Median bristles of ventral labrum. C. Hypopharynx (ventral view). D. Left mandible (ventral view). E. Right mandible (ventral view). F. Labium. G. Maxillae. H. Incisors of left mandible. I. Incisors of right mandible. Scale bars: A, C–G = 0.5 mm; B = 0.3 mm; H–I = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514879/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
). Labium: slightly oblong, inner margins of glossae slightly expanded and with tuft of long setae; paraglossae expanded greatly into palpable lobes, with dense setae and bristles on dorsal and anterior margins; labial palpi broad, 2-segmented; ventral surface and free margin with setae brushes; dorsal surface with setae (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5560FFC41EC1FC5BFCBCF7B1" box="[724,814,924,950]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1887,1913]" captionTargetBox="[192,1395,908,1847]" captionTargetId="figure-116@4.[192,1395,908,1847]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Mouthparts of Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU). A. Labrum (ventral view). B. Median bristles of ventral labrum. C. Hypopharynx (ventral view). D. Left mandible (ventral view). E. Right mandible (ventral view). F. Labium. G. Maxillae. H. Incisors of left mandible. I. Incisors of right mandible. Scale bars: A, C–G = 0.5 mm; B = 0.3 mm; H–I = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514879/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36CF5560FFC71CA8FC1AFBD8F56F" blockId="5.[188,1399,988,1188]" lastBlockId="6.[189,1399,265,360]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">
THORAX. Pronotum slightly extended laterally, subequal to head in width (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5560FFC4180CFC1BFB08F7F0" box="[1049,1178,988,1015]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[189,232,1945,1971]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1200,1906]" captionTargetId="figure-319@3.[189,1398,1200,1906]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1. Nymph of Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU).A. Nymphal habitus. B. Selected segments, enlarged, of terminal filament and right cercus (dorsal view). Scale bars: A = 2.0 mm; B = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514877/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">Fig. 1A–B</figureCitation>
). Supracoxal spurs rounded. Femora of all legs with long setae on outer margins, dorsal surfaces and inner margins with two kinds of spatulate setae, the shorter setae more abundant than longer ones (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5560FFC41825FBE5FB17F03B" box="[1072,1157,1058,1084]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1887,1913]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,1265,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-432@5.[189,1398,1265,1834]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Nymphal structures of Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU). A. Foreleg. B. Midleg. C. Hindleg. D. Hindleg tibia. E. Foreleg claw. F. Gill I. G. Gill II. H. Gill VI. I. Gill VII. J. Foreleg femur, bristles on dorsal surface. Scale bars: A–C = 1.0 mm; D, F, H = 0.5 mm; E, G = 0.3 mm; I = 0.2 mm; J = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514881/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">Fig. 3J</figureCitation>
). Foretibia subequal in length to femur, base of outer margin with sparse hair-like setae (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5560FFC41FF4FB83FBADF058" box="[993,1087,1092,1119]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1887,1913]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,1265,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-432@5.[189,1398,1265,1834]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Nymphal structures of Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU). A. Foreleg. B. Midleg. C. Hindleg. D. Hindleg tibia. E. Foreleg claw. F. Gill I. G. Gill II. H. Gill VI. I. Gill VII. J. Foreleg femur, bristles on dorsal surface. Scale bars: A–C = 1.0 mm; D, F, H = 0.5 mm; E, G = 0.3 mm; I = 0.2 mm; J = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514881/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
), dorsal surface with rows of fine setae and bristles, inner margin with row of bristles only; foretarsi slightly shorter than ⅓ tibia, outer and inner margins with tiny setae. Midleg similar to foreleg, except tibia 0.7× length of femur, with row of hair-like setae on outer margin (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5563FFC71E9FFECEFD74F524" box="[650,742,265,291]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1887,1913]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,1265,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-432@5.[189,1398,1265,1834]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Nymphal structures of Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU). A. Foreleg. B. Midleg. C. Hindleg. D. Hindleg tibia. E. Foreleg claw. F. Gill I. G. Gill II. H. Gill VI. I. Gill VII. J. Foreleg femur, bristles on dorsal surface. Scale bars: A–C = 1.0 mm; D, F, H = 0.5 mm; E, G = 0.3 mm; I = 0.2 mm; J = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514881/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="100">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). Hindleg similar to midleg except tibia 0.65× length of femur, outer margin with rows of dense hair-like setae and bristles, dorsal surface with short and long bristles (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5563FFC71D36FE89FE36F56F" box="[291,420,334,360]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1887,1913]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,1265,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-432@5.[189,1398,1265,1834]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Nymphal structures of Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU). A. Foreleg. B. Midleg. C. Hindleg. D. Hindleg tibia. E. Foreleg claw. F. Gill I. G. Gill II. H. Gill VI. I. Gill VII. J. Foreleg femur, bristles on dorsal surface. Scale bars: A–C = 1.0 mm; D, F, H = 0.5 mm; E, G = 0.3 mm; I = 0.2 mm; J = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514881/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="100">Fig. 3C–D</figureCitation>
). Claws of all legs with 3–4 subapical denticles (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5563FFC71FF4FE89FBAFF56F" box="[993,1085,334,360]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1887,1913]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,1265,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-432@5.[189,1398,1265,1834]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Nymphal structures of Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU). A. Foreleg. B. Midleg. C. Hindleg. D. Hindleg tibia. E. Foreleg claw. F. Gill I. G. Gill II. H. Gill VI. I. Gill VII. J. Foreleg femur, bristles on dorsal surface. Scale bars: A–C = 1.0 mm; D, F, H = 0.5 mm; E, G = 0.3 mm; I = 0.2 mm; J = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514881/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="100">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3C66475560FFC41CA8F898FE26F3E3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514881" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5514881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514881/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="99" startId="5.[189,232,1887,1913]" targetBox="[189,1397,1265,1834]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BFC36CF5560FFC41CA8F898FE26F3E3" blockId="5.[189,1401,1887,2020]" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5560FFC41CA8F898FE83F37E" bold="true" box="[189,273,1887,1913]" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
Nymphal structures of 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D4C5560FFC41E2AF8A7FCE5F37D" authority="Zhang &amp; Lei &amp; Zhou, 2021" authorityName="Zhang &amp; Lei &amp; Zhou" authorityYear="2021" box="[575,887,1888,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Afronurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drepanophyllus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5560FFC41E2AF8A7FCE5F37D" box="[575,887,1888,1914]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">Afronurus drepanophyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20457A65560FFC41F90F8A7FC77F37D" box="[901,997,1888,1914]" pageId="5" pageNumber="99" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(NNU). 
<emphasis id="B937EADD5560FFC4184FF898FBFDF37E" bold="true" box="[1114,1135,1887,1913]" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">A</emphasis>
. Foreleg. 
<emphasis id="B937EADD5560FFC418E7F8A7FA94F37D" bold="true" box="[1266,1286,1888,1914]" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">B</emphasis>
. Midleg. 
<emphasis id="B937EADD5560FFC41CA8F844FF40F39A" bold="true" box="[189,210,1923,1949]" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">C</emphasis>
. Hindleg. 
<emphasis id="B937EADD5560FFC41D46F844FEF4F39A" bold="true" box="[339,358,1923,1949]" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">D</emphasis>
. Hindleg tibia. 
<emphasis id="B937EADD5560FFC41E30F844FDA5F39A" bold="true" box="[549,567,1923,1949]" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">E</emphasis>
. Foreleg claw. 
<emphasis id="B937EADD5560FFC41EE7F844FC90F39A" bold="true" box="[754,770,1923,1949]" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">F</emphasis>
. Gill I. 
<emphasis id="B937EADD5560FFC41F70F844FCE8F39A" bold="true" box="[869,890,1923,1949]" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">G</emphasis>
. Gill II. 
<emphasis id="B937EADD5560FFC41FF2F844FC6EF39A" bold="true" box="[999,1020,1923,1949]" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">H</emphasis>
. Gill VI. 
<emphasis id="B937EADD5560FFC41861F844FBECF39A" bold="true" box="[1140,1150,1923,1949]" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">I</emphasis>
. Gill VII. 
<emphasis id="B937EADD5560FFC418EAF844FA9EF39A" bold="true" box="[1279,1292,1923,1949]" pageId="5" pageNumber="99">J</emphasis>
. Foreleg femur, bristles on dorsal surface. Scale bars: A–C = 1.0 mm; D, F, H = 0.5 mm; E, G = 0.3 mm; I = 0.2 mm; J = 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFC36CF5563FFC71CA8FE4BFD5BF69F" blockId="6.[189,1400,395,665]" pageId="6" pageNumber="100">
ABDOMEN. Abdominal terga I–II pale, terga III–VII brown with 2 median pale dots and 2 lateral dots; pale dots on terga IV–V fused together and forming pale stripes; terga VIII–IX with fused pale dots and tergum VIII always with longitudinal brown stripe medially; tergum X dark brown (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5563FFC71910FE16FAF5F5EC" box="[1285,1383,465,491]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[189,232,1945,1971]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1200,1906]" captionTargetId="figure-319@3.[189,1398,1200,1906]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1. Nymph of Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU).A. Nymphal habitus. B. Selected segments, enlarged, of terminal filament and right cercus (dorsal view). Scale bars: A = 2.0 mm; B = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514877/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="100">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
); posterolateral angles of terga III–VII extended into small acute projections. Gill I sickle-like, inner margin slightly curved (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5563FFC71DF2FDD1FDD7F637" box="[487,581,534,560]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1887,1913]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,1265,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-432@5.[189,1398,1265,1834]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Nymphal structures of Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU). A. Foreleg. B. Midleg. C. Hindleg. D. Hindleg tibia. E. Foreleg claw. F. Gill I. G. Gill II. H. Gill VI. I. Gill VII. J. Foreleg femur, bristles on dorsal surface. Scale bars: A–C = 1.0 mm; D, F, H = 0.5 mm; E, G = 0.3 mm; I = 0.2 mm; J = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514881/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="100">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
); gills II–VI heart-like and lamellae expanded laterally (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5563FFC71910FDD1FAFBF637" box="[1285,1385,534,560]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1887,1913]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,1265,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-432@5.[189,1398,1265,1834]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Nymphal structures of Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU). A. Foreleg. B. Midleg. C. Hindleg. D. Hindleg tibia. E. Foreleg claw. F. Gill I. G. Gill II. H. Gill VI. I. Gill VII. J. Foreleg femur, bristles on dorsal surface. Scale bars: A–C = 1.0 mm; D, F, H = 0.5 mm; E, G = 0.3 mm; I = 0.2 mm; J = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514881/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="100">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
), gills V–VI with apical arrow-like accessory lobes (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5563FFC71F34FDFEFC13F654" box="[801,897,569,595]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1887,1913]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,1265,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-432@5.[189,1398,1265,1834]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Nymphal structures of Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU). A. Foreleg. B. Midleg. C. Hindleg. D. Hindleg tibia. E. Foreleg claw. F. Gill I. G. Gill II. H. Gill VI. I. Gill VII. J. Foreleg femur, bristles on dorsal surface. Scale bars: A–C = 1.0 mm; D, F, H = 0.5 mm; E, G = 0.3 mm; I = 0.2 mm; J = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514881/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="100">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
); gill VII round, with fine marginal setae, appreciably asymmetrical (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5563FFC71DECFD9CFDD8F671" box="[505,586,603,630]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1887,1913]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,1265,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-432@5.[189,1398,1265,1834]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Nymphal structures of Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU). A. Foreleg. B. Midleg. C. Hindleg. D. Hindleg tibia. E. Foreleg claw. F. Gill I. G. Gill II. H. Gill VI. I. Gill VII. J. Foreleg femur, bristles on dorsal surface. Scale bars: A–C = 1.0 mm; D, F, H = 0.5 mm; E, G = 0.3 mm; I = 0.2 mm; J = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514881/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="100">Fig. 3I</figureCitation>
). Basal of caudal filaments pale and other parts yellowish brown, with whorled spines on articulations (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5563FFC71E2EFDB9FD2EF69F" box="[571,700,638,664]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[189,232,1945,1971]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1200,1906]" captionTargetId="figure-319@3.[189,1398,1200,1906]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1. Nymph of Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU).A. Nymphal habitus. B. Selected segments, enlarged, of terminal filament and right cercus (dorsal view). Scale bars: A = 2.0 mm; B = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514877/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="100">Fig. 1A–B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36CF5563FFC71CFFFD7CFEECF6D2" blockId="6.[189,1399,699,796]" box="[234,382,699,725]" pageId="6" pageNumber="100">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5563FFC71CFFFD7CFEECF6D2" bold="true" box="[234,382,699,725]" pageId="6" pageNumber="100">Male imago</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36CF5563FFC71CA8FD19FB61F71C" blockId="6.[189,1399,699,796]" pageId="6" pageNumber="100">MEASUREMENTS. Body length 8.0–10.0 mm, forewing 8.0–10.0 mm, hindwing 2.0–3.0 mm, cerci 19.0– 22.0 mm long. Compound eyes contiguous, upper portion hoar and lower portion dark blue.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36CF5563FFC71CA8FCF9FC11F75E" blockId="6.[189,899,830,857]" box="[189,899,830,857]" pageId="6" pageNumber="100">
COLORATION. Body generally pale to yellowish (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5563FFC71EFFFCF9FCE4F75E" box="[746,886,830,857]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,906,932]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,279,868]" captionTargetId="figure-11@8.[189,1398,279,868]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 5. Male structures of Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU). A. Male imago habitus. B. Forewing. C. Hindwing. D. Genitalia. E. Penes enlarged (arrows show lobe on lateral margin and titillators, respectively). F. Male imago, showing abdominal terga. Scale bars: A = 5.0 mm; B–D = 1.0 mm; E = 0.2 mm; F = 2.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514885/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="100">Fig. 5A, 5F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36CF5563FFC71CA8FCBBFC1AF0AA" blockId="6.[188,1401,892,1197]" pageId="6" pageNumber="100">
THORAX. Mesonotum with apparent transverse suture, and medial depression of furcasternum parallel. Foreleg: length of femur 3.0 mm, length of tibia 
<quantity id="4CBB9B2A5563FFC71F14FC59FCCDF7BE" box="[769,863,926,953]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="100" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
, length of tarsi 
<quantity id="4CBB9B2A5563FFC7180DFC59FBE4F7BE" box="[1048,1142,926,953]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="100" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
, tarsal segments from basal to apical = 0.9:1.4:1.2:0.6:0.4. Midleg: length of femur 2.0 mm, length of tibia 
<quantity id="4CBB9B2A5563FFC718D4FC06FAB2F7DC" box="[1217,1312,961,987]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="100" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
, length of tarsi 1.0 mm, tarsal segments arranged in decreasing order as 1, 5, 2, 3, 4. Hindleg: length of femur 2.0 mm, length of tibia 
<quantity id="4CBB9B2A5563FFC71DC7FBC1FDBDF026" box="[466,559,1030,1057]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="100" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
, length of tarsi 
<quantity id="4CBB9B2A5563FFC71EF0FBC1FCD0F026" box="[741,834,1030,1057]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="100" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
, tarsal segments arranged in decreasing order as 5, 1, 2, 3, 4. All claws of legs similar, one blunt and one hooked. Forewing hyaline, costal, subcostal and R 
<subScript id="17C7348A5563FFC71CC4FB98FF48F06A" attach="left" box="[209,218,1119,1133]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="100">1</subScript>
fields semitransparent; Rs and MP forked at same level at wing base, MA forked at over ½ of distance from base of wing to margin (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5563FFC71E02FBA8FDE1F08D" box="[535,627,1135,1162]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,906,932]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,279,868]" captionTargetId="figure-11@8.[189,1398,279,868]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 5. Male structures of Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU). A. Male imago habitus. B. Forewing. C. Hindwing. D. Genitalia. E. Penes enlarged (arrows show lobe on lateral margin and titillators, respectively). F. Male imago, showing abdominal terga. Scale bars: A = 5.0 mm; B–D = 1.0 mm; E = 0.2 mm; F = 2.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514885/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="100">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
). Hindwing transparent, with costal projection at base, MA forked in middle, MP forked much more basally than MA (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5563FFC71F0BFB55FCE9F0AA" box="[798,891,1170,1197]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,906,932]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,279,868]" captionTargetId="figure-11@8.[189,1398,279,868]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 5. Male structures of Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU). A. Male imago habitus. B. Forewing. C. Hindwing. D. Genitalia. E. Penes enlarged (arrows show lobe on lateral margin and titillators, respectively). F. Male imago, showing abdominal terga. Scale bars: A = 5.0 mm; B–D = 1.0 mm; E = 0.2 mm; F = 2.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514885/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="100">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36CF5563FFC71CA8FB08FC52F10A" blockId="6.[189,1399,1231,1293]" pageId="6" pageNumber="100">
ABDOMEN. Pale but with a longitudinal light brown stripe medially, terga I–VII with pair of pale dots, posterior margin of each tergum with dark brown stripe (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5563FFC71F4CFB35FC21F10A" box="[857,947,1266,1293]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,906,932]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,279,868]" captionTargetId="figure-11@8.[189,1398,279,868]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 5. Male structures of Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU). A. Male imago habitus. B. Forewing. C. Hindwing. D. Genitalia. E. Penes enlarged (arrows show lobe on lateral margin and titillators, respectively). F. Male imago, showing abdominal terga. Scale bars: A = 5.0 mm; B–D = 1.0 mm; E = 0.2 mm; F = 2.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514885/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="100">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36CF5563FFC71CA8FAE8FA9DF1F0" blockId="6.[188,1400,1327,1528]" pageId="6" pageNumber="100">
GENITALIA. Posterior margin of styliger plate convex, lateral margins with two distinct lobes (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5563FFC71919FAE8FF41F16A" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,906,932]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,279,868]" captionTargetId="figure-11@8.[189,1398,279,868]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 5. Male structures of Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU). A. Male imago habitus. B. Forewing. C. Hindwing. D. Genitalia. E. Penes enlarged (arrows show lobe on lateral margin and titillators, respectively). F. Male imago, showing abdominal terga. Scale bars: A = 5.0 mm; B–D = 1.0 mm; E = 0.2 mm; F = 2.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514885/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="100">Fig. 5D– E</figureCitation>
). Forceps of segment III subequal to those of segment IV in length, combined segments III–IV approximately half length of segment II. Penial lobes divergent and with U-shaped cleft between them; apices of penial lobes divided into three parts or apices, the median one much broader than inner and outer lobes. Robust but blunt titillators at base of penes, covered by styliger plate and invisible in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5563FFC71D10FA1AFE17F1FF" box="[261,389,1501,1528]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,906,932]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,279,868]" captionTargetId="figure-11@8.[189,1398,279,868]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 5. Male structures of Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU). A. Male imago habitus. B. Forewing. C. Hindwing. D. Genitalia. E. Penes enlarged (arrows show lobe on lateral margin and titillators, respectively). F. Male imago, showing abdominal terga. Scale bars: A = 5.0 mm; B–D = 1.0 mm; E = 0.2 mm; F = 2.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514885/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="100">Fig. 5D–E</figureCitation>
). Cerci pale with dense tiny setae on surface and brown dots on articulations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36CF5563FFC71CFFF9DCFE89F232" blockId="6.[189,1287,1563,1624]" box="[234,283,1563,1589]" pageId="6" pageNumber="100">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5563FFC71CFFF9DCFE89F232" bold="true" box="[234,283,1563,1589]" pageId="6" pageNumber="100">Egg</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36CF5563FFC71CA8F9FAFA95F25F" blockId="6.[189,1287,1563,1624]" box="[189,1287,1597,1624]" pageId="6" pageNumber="100">
Oval, chorion decorated with small KCTs at poles, large KCTs located equatorially (
<figureCitation id="13782A4A5563FFC7188EF9FAFB68F25F" box="[1179,1274,1597,1624]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,1883,1909]" captionTargetBox="[188,1397,1196,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-75@8.[188,1397,1196,1822]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. SEM photos of eggs. A. Afronurus drepanophyllus sp. nov. (NNU). B. A. furcatus (Zhou &amp; Zheng, 2003) (NNU). C. A. hunanensis (Zhang &amp; Cai, 1991) (NNU). D. A. obliquistriatus (You et al., 1981) (NNU). E. A. rubromaculatus (You et al., 1981) (NNU). F. A. yixingensis (Wu &amp; You, 1986) (NNU)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5514887/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="100">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35965445563FFC71CA8F9B9FD4CF2C0" box="[189,734,1662,1735]" pageId="6" pageNumber="100" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BFC36CF5563FFC71CA8F9B9FEC4F29F" blockId="6.[189,342,1662,1688]" box="[189,342,1662,1688]" pageId="6" pageNumber="100">
<heading id="D0B481A35563FFC71CA8F9B9FEC4F29F" bold="true" box="[189,342,1662,1688]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="100" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B937EADD5563FFC71CA8F9B9FEC4F29F" bold="true" box="[189,342,1662,1688]" pageId="6" pageNumber="100">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36CF5563FFC71CA8F96BFD4CF2C0" blockId="6.[189,734,1708,1735]" box="[189,734,1708,1735]" pageId="6" pageNumber="100">
<collectingCountry id="F354765F5563FFC71CA8F96BFE91F2C1" box="[189,259,1708,1734]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="100">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4987F82D5563FFC71D07F96BFEE3F2C1" box="[274,369,1708,1734]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="6" pageNumber="100">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="4987F82D5563FFC71D69F96BFE76F2C1" box="[380,484,1708,1734]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="6" pageNumber="100">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="4987F82D5563FFC71DE5F96BFDC9F2C1" box="[496,603,1708,1734]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="6" pageNumber="100">Zhejiang</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="4987F82D5563FFC71E72F96BFD43F2C0" box="[615,721,1708,1735]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="6" pageNumber="100">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>