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<document id="341559706E02E3A19622CAF9A9E54A12" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.155309" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b195c5ca-7f2b-4f1b-a9a9-c1095c95d012" ID-ISSN="0035-418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="155309" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1477237842213" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bernard Landry" docDate="2016" docId="03EA87B1FFF082617CCCFE7DFDDBFCFD" docLanguage="en" docName="13_Landry.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Revue suisse de Zoologie 123 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:225056F0A23C51DDC06AC27EAEA15D5B.2:RevSuisseZool.2015-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="225056F0A23C51DDC06AC27EAEA15D5B" docStyleName="RevSuisseZool.2015-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Terastia meticulosalis Guenee 1854" docType="treatment" docVersion="16" lastPageNumber="393" masterDocId="FFD3FFC9FFBC822F7F6BFFD9FF94FF92" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the Spilomelinae (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae s. l.) of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador" masterLastPageNumber="399" masterPageNumber="315" pageNumber="391" updateTime="1698390478594" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="7C47926C4F2708BA4A4211E44307AC36">Taxonomic revision of the Spilomelinae (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae s. l.) of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5ADFDBC8BD6D61C526F7C28514F2CA2A">Bernard Landry</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="39B8D8B52111DFAB2BF4525380BC5522">2016</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03EA87B1FFF082617CCCFE7DFDDBFCFD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5823269" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124557826" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5823269" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EA87B1FFF082617CCCFE7DFDDBFCFD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87B1FFF082617CCCFE7DFDDBFCFD" lastPageId="78" lastPageNumber="393" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">
<subSubSection id="C359652CFFF082637CCCFE7DFAA0FE29" box="[935,1332,420,443]" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFF082637CCCFE7DFAA0FE29" blockId="76.[935,1332,420,477]" box="[935,1332,420,443]" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">
<heading id="D0B481CBFFF082637CCCFE7DFAA0FE29" bold="true" box="[935,1332,420,443]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFF082637CCCFE7DFAA0FE29" authority="Guenee, 1854" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1854" box="[935,1332,420,443]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Terastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meticulosalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFF082637CCCFE7DFAA0FE29" bold="true" box="[935,1332,420,443]" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFF082637CCCFE7DFB02FE29" bold="true" box="[935,1174,420,443]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">Terastia meticulosalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFF082637BF7FE7DFAA0FE29" author="Guenee M. A." box="[1180,1332,420,443]" editor="Boisduval J. B. A. D. de" journalOrPublisher="Species General des Lepidopteres 8" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" pagination="1 - 448" part="8" refString="Guenee M. A. 1854. Deltoides et Pyralites. Pp. 1 - 448. In: Boisduval J. B. A. D. de &amp; Guenee M. A., Histoire naturelle des insectes. Species General des Lepidopteres 8 8. Roret, Paris." title="Deltoides et Pyralites. Pp" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Histoire naturelle des insectes" year="1854">Guenée, 1854</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C359652CFFF082637C96FE1DFB4BFE4F" box="[1021,1247,452,477]" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFF082637C96FE1DFB4BFE4F" blockId="76.[935,1332,420,477]" box="[1021,1247,452,477]" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">
<figureCitation id="13782A22FFF082637C96FE1DFBE2FE49" box="[1021,1142,452,475]" captionStart="Figs 65 - 72" captionStartId="23.[151,192,1911,1932]" captionTargetBox="[193,1394,257,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[193,1394,257,1858]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figs 65 - 72. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (65, 66) Synclera jarbusalis. (65) ♂, Brazil, Bahía, Camacan, Res. Serra Bonita, 800 m, 8. iv. 2011, MHNG. (66) ♀, Venezuela, Aragua, PN H. - Pittier, Paso Portachuelo, 1136 m, 21. vii. 2009, MHNG. (67, 68) Terastia meticulosalis. (67) ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, casa L. Roque-Albelo &amp; V. Cruz, 137 m, 27. ii. 2005, MHNG. (68) ♂, Brazil, Mato Grosso, environs de Dourados, iii. 1966, MHNG. (69, 70) Udea galapagensis. (69) ♂ holotype, MHNG. (70) paratype ♀, Galápagos, San Cristóbal, El Junco, east side, 654 m, 25. ii. 2005, MHNG. (71, 72) Udea sideralis. (71) holotype ♂, MHNG. (72) paratype ♀, Santiago, N side, 527 m, 5. iii. 2005, MHNG." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162861/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">Figs 67, 68</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13782A22FFF082637BEAFE1CFB3FFE4F" box="[1153,1195,453,477]" captionStart="Figs 131 - 133" captionStartId="55.[151,192,1690,1711]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,257,1626]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[152,1435,257,1627]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="Figs 131 - 133. Male genitalia of Neotropical Spilomelinae, a and b from same slides, but not to scale, (a) showing the genitalia without phallus and (b), the phallus. (131) Synclera jarbusalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8985, Brazil. (132) Syngamia florella: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8987, Galápagos, Santa Cruz. (133) Terastia meticulosalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 9032, Galápagos, Santa Cruz." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162877/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">133</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13782A22FFF082637BDCFE1CFB4BFE4F" box="[1207,1247,453,477]" captionStart="Figs 178 - 183" captionStartId="77.[151,192,1938,1959]" captionTargetBox="[186,1411,261,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@77.[175,1440,254,1900]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Figs 178 - 183. Female genitalia of Neotropical Spilomelinae, not to scale. (178) Syngamia florella: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8988, Galápagos, Santiago. (179) Terastia meticulosalis: slide CNC PYR 364, Galápagos, Santa Cruz. (180) Udea galapagensis paratype: slide BL 1231. (181) Udea sideralis paratype: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8965. (182) Diaphania costata lectotype, slide BL 1809 (ZMUC). (183) Sisyracera contortilinealis holotype: slide BL 1807, BMNH ©, the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162888/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">179</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359652CFFF082637C54FE2AFB86FDD0" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFF082637C54FE2AFB86FDD0" blockId="76.[831,1437,498,578]" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB531189FFF082637C54FE2AFB86FDD0" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFF082637C54FE2AFB41FD9A" authority="Guenee, 1854: 212" authorityName="Guenee" authorityPageNumber="212" authorityYear="1854" box="[831,1237,498,520]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Terastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meticulosalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFF082637C54FE2AFB87FD95" box="[831,1043,498,520]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">Terastia meticulosalis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AE210B6FFF082637B71FE2BFB41FD9A" author="Guenee M. A." box="[1050,1237,498,520]" page="212" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" year="1854">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFF082637B71FE2BFB30FD95" author="Guenee M. A." box="[1050,1188,498,519]" editor="Boisduval J. B. A. D. de" journalOrPublisher="Species General des Lepidopteres 8" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" pagination="1 - 448" part="8" refString="Guenee M. A. 1854. Deltoides et Pyralites. Pp. 1 - 448. In: Boisduval J. B. A. D. de &amp; Guenee M. A., Histoire naturelle des insectes. Species General des Lepidopteres 8 8. Roret, Paris." title="Deltoides et Pyralites. Pp" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Histoire naturelle des insectes" year="1854">Guenée, 1854</bibRefCitation>
: 212
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. ‒
<treatmentCitation id="0AE210B6FFF082637B99FE2BFC26FDB7" author="Peck S. B. &amp; Heraty J. &amp; Landry B. &amp; Sinclair B. J." page="227" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" year="1998">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFF082637B99FE2BFA0EFD9A" author="Peck S. B. &amp; Heraty J. &amp; Landry B. &amp; Sinclair B. J." box="[1266,1434,498,520]" journalOrPublisher="American Entomologist" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" pagination="218 - 237" part="44" refString="Peck S. B., Heraty J., Landry B., Sinclair B. J. 1998. Introduced insect fauna of an oceanic archipelago: The Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. American Entomologist 44: 218 - 237." title="Introduced insect fauna of an oceanic archipelago: The Galapagos Islands, Ecuador" type="journal article" year="1998">
Peck
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFF082637A43FE2AFACAFD95" box="[1320,1374,498,520]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">et al.,</emphasis>
1998
</bibRefCitation>
: 227
</treatmentCitation>
. ‒
<treatmentCitation id="0AE210B6FFF082637CBFFDC9FB42FDB7" author="Causton C. E. &amp; Peck S. B. &amp; Sinclair B. J. &amp; Roque-Albelo L. &amp; Hodgson C. J. &amp; Landry B." box="[980,1238,527,550]" page="141" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFF082637CBFFDC9FB37FDB6" author="Causton C. E. &amp; Peck S. B. &amp; Sinclair B. J. &amp; Roque-Albelo L. &amp; Hodgson C. J. &amp; Landry B." box="[980,1187,527,550]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" pagination="121 - 143" part="99" refString="Causton C. E., Peck S. B., Sinclair B. J., Roque-Albelo L., Hodgson C. J., Landry B. 2006. Alien Insects: Threats and implications for conservation of Galapagos Islands. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 99: 121 - 143." title="Alien Insects: Threats and implications for conservation of Galapagos Islands" type="journal article" year="2006">
Causton
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFF082637B47FDC8FBF4FDB6" box="[1068,1120,527,550]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">et al.</emphasis>
, 2006
</bibRefCitation>
: 141
</treatmentCitation>
. ‒
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFF082637B93FDD6FB9AFDD0" author="Roque-Albelo L. &amp; Landry B." editor="Bungartz F." journalOrPublisher="Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundacion Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" pagination="2015" part="30" publicationUrl="http://www.darwinfoundation" refString="Roque-Albelo L., Landry B. 2015. Lepidoptera. In: Bungartz F., Herrera H., Jaramillo P., Tirado N., Jimenez-Uzcategui G., Ruiz D., Guezou A., Ziemmeck F. (eds.). Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galapagos de la Fundacion Charles Darwin. Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundacion Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos: http: // www. darwinfoundation. org / datazone / checklists / terrestrial-invertebrates / Last updated 30 November 2015." title="Lepidoptera" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galapagos de la Fundacion Charles Darwin" year="2015">Roque-Albelo &amp; Landry, 2015</bibRefCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359652CFFF082637C54FDB1FB0AFC77" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFF082637C54FDB1FBB4FDED" blockId="76.[831,1437,616,997]" box="[831,1056,616,639]" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">
<heading id="D0B481CBFFF082637C54FDB1FBB4FDED" bold="true" box="[831,1056,616,639]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFF082637C54FDB1FBB4FDED" bold="true" box="[831,1056,616,639]" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">Material examined:</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFF082637C54FD50FBA7FD33" blockId="76.[831,1437,616,997]" box="[831,1075,649,673]" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFF082637C54FD50FC35FD32" box="[831,929,649,672]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">
<typeStatus id="54F88805FFF082637C54FD50FC35FD32" box="[831,929,649,672]" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFFF082637CC4FD53FC57FD33" box="[943,963,650,673]" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FFF082637CB9FD50FBBCFD33" box="[978,1064,649,673]" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">BMNH</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFF082637C54FD70FB0AFC77" blockId="76.[831,1437,616,997]" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFF082637C54FD70FC6FFD53" box="[831,1019,681,705]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">Other specimens</emphasis>
:
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFFF082637B79FD73FBDBFD53" box="[1042,1103,682,706]" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" type="male">11 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFFF082637B0EFD73FB37FD53" box="[1125,1187,682,706]" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" type="female">12 ♀</specimenCount>
, 17 of undetermined sex from the
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFF082637CB0FD10FB33FD72" box="[987,1191,713,736]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">Galápagos Islands</collectingRegion>
: –
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFF082637BA4FD10FAB7FD72" box="[1231,1315,713,736]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Daphne" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFF082637BA4FD10FAB7FD72" box="[1231,1315,713,736]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">Daphne</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: [no more precise locality]. –
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFF082637B73FD32FBC6FC90" box="[1048,1106,747,770]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">Pinta</emphasis>
: ±
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FFF082637B15FD33FB2CFC90" box="[1150,1208,746,770]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
elev[ation]. –
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFF082637A34FD32FCE7FCB0" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFF082637A34FD32FCE7FCB0" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Charles Darwin Research Station; casa L. Roque- Albelo &amp; V. Cruz, GPS:
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FFF082637B2DFCF2FB1DFCD1" box="[1094,1161,811,835]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3699999999999999" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" unit="m" value="137.0">137 m</quantity>
elev., 00° 42.595’,
<geoCoordinate id="EE775060FFF082637A33FCF5FC00FCF0" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" precision="1" value="-90.31993">W 90° 19.196’</geoCoordinate>
; Finca Vilema,
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FFF082637B29FC95FBEEFCF0" box="[1090,1146,843,868]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
W Bella Vista; Horneman Farm,
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FFF082637CE6FCB5FC4FFC11" box="[909,987,876,900]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" unit="m" value="220.0">220 m</quantity>
; [no precise locality], on
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFF082637A7AFCB2FC76FC31" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Cordia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lutea">Cordia lutea (Boraginaceae)</taxonomicName>
flower. –
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFF082637B06FC54FB58FC36" box="[1133,1228,909,932]" country="Philippines" name="Santiago" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFF082637B06FC54FB58FC36" box="[1133,1228,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">Santiago</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
: Los Jaboncillos,
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FFF082637C54FC75FC13FC56" box="[831,903,940,964]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
, open Zanthoxylum forest. Deposited in
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FFF082637A2DFC74FA0DFC56" box="[1350,1433,941,964]" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">BMNH</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FFF082637C54FC14FCE1FC77" box="[831,885,973,997]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">CAS</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FFF082637CEAFC14FC5DFC77" box="[897,969,973,997]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rhcv-mdhf" name="Invertebrate Collection" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">CDRS</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FFF082637CBFFC14FB99FC77" box="[980,1037,973,997]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">CNC</collectionCode>
, and
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FFF082637B2EFC14FB0EFC77" box="[1093,1178,973,997]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">MHNG</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359652CFFF082637C54FC25FB5EFA84" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFF082637C54FC25FB5EFA84" blockId="76.[831,1437,1020,1303]" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFF082637C54FC25FC23FB81" bold="true" box="[831,951,1020,1043]" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
This large species (wingspan:
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FFF082637A74FC25FA01FB87" box="[1311,1429,1020,1045]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" unit="mm" value="32.0" valueMax="39.0" valueMin="25.0">25-39 mm</quantity>
) will separate easily from other species of Spilomelinae in the
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFF082637CF1FBE4FB99FBC6" box="[922,1037,1085,1108]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
by virtue of the narrow brown forewing with an oblique brown band from the middle of the dorsum and reaching Sc+R1 before the middle of the costa, preceded below Sc+R1 by a low, dark brown to black triangle (
<figureCitation id="13782A22FFF082637B66FB67FB01FB47" box="[1037,1173,1214,1237]" captionStart="Figs 65 - 72" captionStartId="23.[151,192,1911,1932]" captionTargetBox="[193,1394,257,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[193,1394,257,1858]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figs 65 - 72. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (65, 66) Synclera jarbusalis. (65) ♂, Brazil, Bahía, Camacan, Res. Serra Bonita, 800 m, 8. iv. 2011, MHNG. (66) ♀, Venezuela, Aragua, PN H. - Pittier, Paso Portachuelo, 1136 m, 21. vii. 2009, MHNG. (67, 68) Terastia meticulosalis. (67) ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, casa L. Roque-Albelo &amp; V. Cruz, 137 m, 27. ii. 2005, MHNG. (68) ♂, Brazil, Mato Grosso, environs de Dourados, iii. 1966, MHNG. (69, 70) Udea galapagensis. (69) ♂ holotype, MHNG. (70) paratype ♀, Galápagos, San Cristóbal, El Junco, east side, 654 m, 25. ii. 2005, MHNG. (71, 72) Udea sideralis. (71) holotype ♂, MHNG. (72) paratype ♀, Santiago, N side, 527 m, 5. iii. 2005, MHNG." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162861/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">Figs 67, 68</figureCitation>
). The costal margin of the broad, mostly white hindwing is distinctly sinuate, broadly concave just beyond middle.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359652CFFF082637C54FAF7FC11F83E" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFF082637C54FAF7FC11F83E" blockId="76.[831,1437,1326,1964]" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFF082637C54FAF7FC34FAD7" bold="true" box="[831,928,1326,1349]" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">Biology:</emphasis>
Most reports of larval host plant are from
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFF082637C54FA96FC3CFAF4" box="[831,936,1359,1382]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFF082637C54FA96FC3CFAF4" box="[831,936,1359,1382]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">Erythrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFF082637B7FFA96FBEFFAF4" box="[1044,1147,1359,1382]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFF082637BFDFA96FA05FAF5" author="Robinson G. S. &amp; Ackery P. R. &amp; Kitching I. J. &amp; Beccaloni G. W. &amp; Hernandez L. M." box="[1174,1425,1359,1383]" journalOrPublisher="a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" publicationUrl="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/researchcuration/research/projects/hostplants" refString="Robinson G. S., Ackery P. R., Kitching I. J., Beccaloni G. W., Hernandez L. M. 2014. HOSTS - a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. http: // www. nhm. ac. uk / researchcuration / research / projects / hostplants /" title="HOSTS" type="book" year="2014">
Robinson
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFF082637A61FA89FAD1FAF4" box="[1290,1349,1359,1383]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">et al.</emphasis>
, 2014
</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFF082637C54FAB6FC6EFA1A" author="Sourakov A." box="[831,1018,1391,1416]" journalOrPublisher="Document EENY 516, Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" pagination="2015" part="30" publicationUrl="http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles" refString="Sourakov A. 2013. Erythrina moths Terastia meticulosalis Guenee and Agathodes designalis Guenee. Document EENY 516, Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. http: // edis. ifas. ufl. edu / pdffiles / IN / IN 92100. pdf [accessed 30 October 2015]" title="Erythrina moths Terastia meticulosalis Guenee and Agathodes designalis Guenee" type="journal article" year="2013">Sourakov (2013)</bibRefCitation>
mentions that adult size depends on the generation and diet of the caterpillars. He states: ‘For instance, in
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFF082637B65FA69FBCBFA55" box="[1038,1119,1456,1479]" country="Uruguay" name="Florida" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">Florida</collectingRegion>
, the spring generation that feeds on seeds was shown to be larger than the summer and fall generations that feed inside the stem.’ Stemfeeding larvae produce a characteristic dying-off of the tip of the plant. The caterpillar is mostly pale, cream coloured with a darker prothoracic shield and dark brown to black head. Pupation occurs in a loose doublelayered cocoon as in
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFF082637B45F94BFA80F93B" box="[1070,1300,1682,1705]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Agathodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="designalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFF082637B45F94BFA80F93B" box="[1070,1300,1682,1705]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">Agathodes designalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Egg laying behaviour is unknown. In the
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFF082637BC0F96AFA89F958" box="[1195,1309,1715,1738]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
specimens have been collected from sea level to
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FFF082637BBFF90AFA8CF979" box="[1236,1304,1747,1771]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
in elevation from all months of the year except May and December. Six species of
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFF082637C8AF8CDFBDDF8B9" box="[993,1097,1812,1835]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFF082637C8AF8CDFBDDF8B9" box="[993,1097,1812,1835]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">Erythrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occur on the
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFF082637B89F8CDFAC1F8B9" box="[1250,1365,1812,1835]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
, all of which have been introduced for their ornamental value except
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFF082637CFAF88CFB3AF8FE" authority="Willd." authorityName="Willd." box="[913,1198,1877,1900]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="velutina">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFF082637CFAF88CFBC9F8FE" box="[913,1117,1877,1900]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">Erythrina velutina</emphasis>
Willd.
</taxonomicName>
, which is considered native on the archipelago (Jaramillo
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFF082637B88F8AFFCEDF83E" author="Jaramillo Diaz P." editor="Bungartz F." journalOrPublisher="Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundacion Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" pagination="2016" part="1" publicationUrl="http://www.darwinfoundation.org" refString="Jaramillo Diaz P., GuezouA. 2015. CDF Checklist of Galapagos Vascular Plants - FCD Lista de especies de Plantas Vasculares de Galapagos. In: Bungartz F., Herrera H., Jaramillo P., Tirado N., Jimenez-Uzcategui G., Ruiz D., Guezou A. &amp; Ziemmeck F. (eds.). Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galapagos de la Fundacion Charles Darwin. Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundacion Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos: http: // www. darwinfoundation. org / datazone / checklists / vascular-plants / Last accessed 1 June 2016." title="CDF Checklist of Galapagos Vascular Plants - FCD Lista de especies de Plantas Vasculares de Galapagos" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galapagos de la Fundacion Charles Darwin" year="2015">Díaz &amp; Guézou, 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359652CFFF082617C54F81CFE38FE29" lastPageId="78" lastPageNumber="393" pageId="76" pageNumber="391" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFF082617C54F81CFE38FE29" blockId="76.[831,1436,1989,2078]" lastBlockId="78.[151,756,258,445]" lastPageId="78" lastPageNumber="393" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFF082637C54F81CFC43F84E" bold="true" box="[831,983,1989,2012]" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">Distribution:</emphasis>
From specimens in the BMNH and MHNG this species is found in
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FFF082637BDDF83CFB78F86E" box="[1206,1260,2021,2044]" name="Haiti" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">Haiti</collectingCountry>
(
<typeStatus id="54F88805FFF082637B94F83FFABBF86C" box="[1279,1327,2022,2046]" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">type</typeStatus>
locality),
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FFF082637C54F7DFFC0EF78F" box="[831,922,2054,2077]" name="Jamaica" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFF082637CD3F7DFFBEEF78F" box="[952,1146,2054,2078]" country="Dominican Republic" name="Santo Domingo" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">Santo Domingo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FFF082637BF3F7DFFB7BF78F" box="[1176,1263,2054,2077]" name="Mexico" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFF082637BF3F7DFFB7BF78F" box="[1176,1263,2054,2077]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">Mexico</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FFF082637A60F7DFFA0CF78F" box="[1291,1432,2054,2078]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="76" pageNumber="391">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FFF282617FFCFEDBFE84FE8B" box="[151,272,258,281]" name="Guatemala" pageId="78" pageNumber="393">
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFF282617FFCFEDBFE84FE8B" box="[151,272,258,281]" country="Guatemala" name="Guatemala" pageId="78" pageNumber="393">Guatemala</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FFF282617E43FEDBFE01FE8B" box="[296,405,258,281]" name="Honduras" pageId="78" pageNumber="393">Honduras</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FFF282617EC6FEDBFE67FE8B" box="[429,499,258,281]" name="Brazil" pageId="78" pageNumber="393">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FFF282617D60FEDBFDFCFE8B" box="[523,616,258,281]" name="Ecuador" pageId="78" pageNumber="393">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FFF282617DEBFEDAFD21FE88" box="[640,693,259,282]" name="Peru" pageId="78" pageNumber="393">Peru</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FFF282617FFCFEFBFE93FEAB" box="[151,263,290,313]" name="Argentina" pageId="78" pageNumber="393">Argentina</collectingCountry>
. It is also found in the Nearctic region [southern
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FFF282617E63FE9AFEBEFEC9" box="[264,298,323,347]" name="United States of America" pageId="78" pageNumber="393">US</collectingCountry>
States (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFF282617EE3FE9AFDE9FEC8" author="Patterson B." box="[392,637,323,347]" journalOrPublisher="North American Moth Photographers Group" pageId="78" pageNumber="393" publicationUrl="http://mothphotographersgroup.msstate.edu" refString="Patterson B. et al. 2015. North American Moth Photographers Group. http: // mothphotographersgroup. msstate. edu." title="et al" type="book" year="2015">
Patterson
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFF282617E92FE9DFDB9FEC8" box="[505,557,323,347]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="393">et al</emphasis>
., 2015
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFF282617DE6FE9AFE89FEE8" author="Sourakov A. &amp; Plotkin D. &amp; Kawahara A. Y. &amp; Xiao L. &amp; Hallwachs W. &amp; Janzen D." journalOrPublisher="Tropical Lepidoptera Research, Gainesville" pageId="78" pageNumber="393" pagination="80 - 97" part="25" refString="Sourakov A., Plotkin D., Kawahara A. Y., Xiao L., Hallwachs W. &amp; Janzen D. 2016. On the taxonomy of the erythrina moths Agathodes and Terastia (Crambidae: Spilomelinae): Two different patterns of haplotype divergence and a new species of Terastia. - Tropical Lepidoptera Research, Gainesville 25 (2): 80 - 97." title="On the taxonomy of the erythrina moths Agathodes and Terastia (Crambidae: Spilomelinae): Two different patterns of haplotype divergence and a new species of Terastia" type="journal article" year="2016">
Sourakov
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFF282617FFCFEBCFF5EFEE8" box="[151,202,355,380]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="393">et al</emphasis>
., 2016
</bibRefCitation>
)]. On the
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFF282617EE4FEBAFD94FEE8" box="[399,512,355,378]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="78" pageNumber="393">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
this species has been found so far only on the islands of ‘Daphne’, Pinta,
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFF282617FFCFE7CFE9BFE2F" box="[151,271,421,445]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="78" pageNumber="393">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
, and
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFF282617E2CFE7DFE3CFE29" box="[327,424,420,443]" country="Philippines" name="Santiago" pageId="78" pageNumber="393">Santiago</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF3C662FFFF182627FFCF84BFDE3F788" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162888/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="392" targetBox="[186,1411,261,1889]" targetPageId="77">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFF182627FFCF84BFDE3F788" blockId="77.[151,1437,1938,2075]" pageId="77" pageNumber="392">
Figs 178-183. Female genitalia of Neotropical Spilomelinae, not to scale. (178)
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFF182627CB8F84AFB15F835" box="[979,1153,1938,1960]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Syngamia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="florella" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFF182627CB8F84AFB15F835" box="[979,1153,1938,1960]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="392">Syngamia florella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: slide MHNG-ENTO-8988, Galápagos, Santiago. (179)
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFF182627D46F869FD6AF856" box="[557,766,1967,1989]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Terastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meticulosalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFF182627D46F869FD6AF856" box="[557,766,1967,1989]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="392">Terastia meticulosalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: slide CNC PYR 364, Galápagos, Santa Cruz.(180)
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFF182627B8DF876FA09F856" box="[1254,1437,1967,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Udea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galapagensis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFF182627B8DF876FA09F856" box="[1254,1437,1967,1988]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="392">Udea galapagensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
paratype: slide BL 1231. (181)
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFF182627D3FF812FD75F872" box="[596,737,1995,2016]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Udea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sideralis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFF182627D3FF812FD75F872" box="[596,737,1995,2016]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="392">Udea sideralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
paratype: slide MHNG-ENTO-8965. (182)
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFF182627BECF812FAACF870" box="[1159,1336,1995,2018]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Diaphania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costata">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFF182627BECF812FAACF870" box="[1159,1336,1995,2018]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="392">Diaphania costata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lectotype, slide BL 1809 (ZMUC). (183)
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFF182627D09F830FCF1F86F" box="[610,869,2024,2046]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Sisyracera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="contortilinealis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFF182627D09F830FCF1F86F" box="[610,869,2024,2046]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="392">Sisyracera contortilinealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
holotype: slide BL 1807, BMNH ©, the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C359652CFFF282617FFCFE0DFDDBFCFD" pageId="78" pageNumber="393" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFF282617FFCFE0DFDDBFCFD" blockId="78.[151,757,467,879]" pageId="78" pageNumber="393">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFF282617FFCFE0DFE9CFE7E" bold="true" box="[151,264,468,492]" pageId="78" pageNumber="393">Remarks:</emphasis>
The dissected female
<typeStatus id="54F88805FFF282617E91FE0AFDC3FE78" box="[506,599,467,490]" pageId="78" pageNumber="393" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in the BMNH was examined to identify the
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFF282617E97FE2DFDFAFD99" box="[508,622,500,523]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="78" pageNumber="393">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
specimens. The
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFF282617FA6FDCDFEB5FDB9" box="[205,289,532,555]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Daphne" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="78" pageNumber="391" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Daphne</taxonomicName>
island record is from a CDRS notebook note pertaining to a CDRS specimen labelled ‘78’. This note also mentions Media luna and the CDRS on
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFF282617DD2FD8FFF5AFD1C" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="78" pageNumber="393">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
, as well as collecting months, but which
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFF282617DCAFDAFFD60FD1F" box="[673,756,630,653]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Daphne" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="78" pageNumber="391" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Daphne</taxonomicName>
island, either Minor or Major, is not specified. As shown by the habitus illustrations (
<figureCitation id="13782A22FFF282617EA4FD6FFDC6FD5F" box="[463,594,694,717]" captionStart="Figs 65 - 72" captionStartId="23.[151,192,1911,1932]" captionTargetBox="[193,1394,257,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[193,1394,257,1858]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figs 65 - 72. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (65, 66) Synclera jarbusalis. (65) ♂, Brazil, Bahía, Camacan, Res. Serra Bonita, 800 m, 8. iv. 2011, MHNG. (66) ♀, Venezuela, Aragua, PN H. - Pittier, Paso Portachuelo, 1136 m, 21. vii. 2009, MHNG. (67, 68) Terastia meticulosalis. (67) ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, casa L. Roque-Albelo &amp; V. Cruz, 137 m, 27. ii. 2005, MHNG. (68) ♂, Brazil, Mato Grosso, environs de Dourados, iii. 1966, MHNG. (69, 70) Udea galapagensis. (69) ♂ holotype, MHNG. (70) paratype ♀, Galápagos, San Cristóbal, El Junco, east side, 654 m, 25. ii. 2005, MHNG. (71, 72) Udea sideralis. (71) holotype ♂, MHNG. (72) paratype ♀, Santiago, N side, 527 m, 5. iii. 2005, MHNG." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162861/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="393">Figs 67, 68</figureCitation>
), the colour is variable and some specimens have a warmer, chestnut brown pattern. Based on recent work by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFF282617DE6FD2EFEBCFCBD" author="Sourakov A. &amp; Plotkin D. &amp; Kawahara A. Y. &amp; Xiao L. &amp; Hallwachs W. &amp; Janzen D." journalOrPublisher="Tropical Lepidoptera Research, Gainesville" pageId="78" pageNumber="393" pagination="80 - 97" part="25" refString="Sourakov A., Plotkin D., Kawahara A. Y., Xiao L., Hallwachs W. &amp; Janzen D. 2016. On the taxonomy of the erythrina moths Agathodes and Terastia (Crambidae: Spilomelinae): Two different patterns of haplotype divergence and a new species of Terastia. - Tropical Lepidoptera Research, Gainesville 25 (2): 80 - 97." title="On the taxonomy of the erythrina moths Agathodes and Terastia (Crambidae: Spilomelinae): Two different patterns of haplotype divergence and a new species of Terastia" type="journal article" year="2016">
Sourakov
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFF282617FFCFCC0FF5FFCBD" box="[151,203,792,816]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="393">et al</emphasis>
. (2016)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFF282617E5CFCC0FDBCFCBD" box="[311,552,792,816]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Terastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meticulosalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFF282617E5CFCC0FDBCFCBD" box="[311,552,792,816]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="393">Terastia meticulosalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can no longer be considered a pantropical species, specimens from Asia and Africa representing different species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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