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<document id="CC086B79355F4B6DCBFADEA0318B3599" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.155309" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b195c5ca-7f2b-4f1b-a9a9-c1095c95d012" ID-ISSN="0035-418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="155309" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1477237842213" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bernard Landry" docDate="2016" docId="03EA87B1FFAA82377C1BF9CFFD78F97A" docLanguage="en" docName="13_Landry.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Revue suisse de Zoologie 123 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:225056F0A23C51DDC06AC27EAEA15D5B.2:RevSuisseZool.2015-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="225056F0A23C51DDC06AC27EAEA15D5B" docStyleName="RevSuisseZool.2015-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Herpetogramma bipunctalis Fabricius 1794" docType="treatment" docVersion="17" lastPageNumber="339" masterDocId="FFD3FFC9FFBC822F7F6BFFD9FF94FF92" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the Spilomelinae (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae s. l.) of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador" masterLastPageNumber="399" masterPageNumber="315" pageNumber="337" updateTime="1698390478594" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="A2C3AB4E48AA4026F1F85FBADEE17E71">Taxonomic revision of the Spilomelinae (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae s. l.) of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BCF85A226AAD33E94F0A606E3575A7D2">Bernard Landry</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03EA87B1FFAA82377C1BF9CFFD78F97A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5823166" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124557792" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5823166" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EA87B1FFAA82377C1BF9CFFD78F97A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87B1FFAA82377C1BF9CFFD78F97A" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="339" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">
<subSubSection id="C359652CFFAA82397C1BF9CFFAFFF9BE" box="[880,1387,1557,1581]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFAA82397C1BF9CFFAFFF9BE" blockId="22.[880,1387,1557,1613]" box="[880,1387,1557,1581]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">
<heading id="D0B481CBFFAA82397C1BF9CFFAFFF9BE" bold="true" box="[880,1387,1557,1581]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFAA82397C1BF9CFFAFFF9BE" authority="Fabricius, 1794" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1794" box="[880,1387,1557,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Herpetogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFAA82397C1BF9CFFAFFF9BE" bold="true" box="[880,1387,1557,1581]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFAA82397C1BF9CFFB31F9BE" bold="true" box="[880,1189,1557,1581]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">Herpetogramma bipunctalis</emphasis>
(Fabricius, 1794)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359652CFFAA82397B7AF9ECFB5FF9DE" box="[1041,1227,1589,1613]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFAA82397B7AF9ECFB5FF9DE" blockId="22.[880,1387,1557,1613]" box="[1041,1227,1589,1613]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">
<figureCitation id="13782A22FFAA82397B7AF9ECFBF6F9DF" box="[1041,1122,1589,1613]" captionStart="Figs 17 - 24" captionStartId="11.[151,192,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[247,1334,276,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[206,1381,257,1824]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs 17 - 24. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (17) Diaphania nitidalis ♀, Brazil, Bahía, Camacan, Res. Serra Bonita, 800 m, 8. iv. 2011, MHNG. (18) Ercta vittata ♂, Galápagos, Marchena, 12. iii. 1992, MHNG. (19) Herpetogramma bipunctalis ♂, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, CDRS, Barranco, 20 m, 30. iv. 2002, MHNG. (20, 21) Herpetogramma phaeopteralis. (20) ♂, Galápagos, Isabela, NE slope Alcedo, Los Guayabillos camp, 869 m, 2. iv. 2004, MHNG. (21) ♀, Galápagos, San Cristóbal, near La Loberia, sea level, 24. ii. 2005, MHNG. (22, 23) Hymenia perspectalis. (22) ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, Los Gemelos, 4. v. 2002, MHNG. (23) ♀, same locality, 27. v. 1992, MHNG. (24) Lineodes integra ♂, Pinta, Cabo Ibbetson, 8 m, MHNG." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162855/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">Figs 19</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13782A22FFAA82397B06F9ECFB03F9DF" box="[1133,1175,1589,1613]" captionStart="Figs 104 - 106" captionStartId="37.[151,192,1702,1723]" captionTargetBox="[169,1426,266,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,258,1644]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Figs 104 - 106. Male genitalia of Galápagos Spilomelinae, a and b from same slides, but not to scale, (a) showing the genitalia without phallus and (b), the phallus. (104) Herpetogramma bipunctalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 9007, Genovesa. (105) H. phaeopteralis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8683, Fernandina. (106) Hymenia perspectalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 9003, Santiago." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162868/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">104</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13782A22FFAA82397BC8F9ECFB5FF9DE" box="[1187,1227,1589,1612]" captionStart="Figs 148 - 152" captionStartId="65.[151,192,1966,1987]" captionTargetBox="[175,1397,261,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@65.[159,1440,254,1922]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="Figs 148 - 152. Female genitalia of Neotropical Spilomelinae, not to scale. (148) Diaphania nitidalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8960, French Guiana. (149) Ercta vittata: slide MHNG-ENTO- 9029, Galápagos, Marchena (MHNG). (150) Herpetogramma bipunctalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8685, Galápagos, Isabela. (151) H. phaeopteralis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8684, Galápagos, Fernandina. (152) Hymenia perspectalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 9000, Galápagos, Santa Cruz." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162882/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">150</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359652CFFAA82397C54F9BAFC56F95D" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFAA82397C54F9BAFB4BF9EA" blockId="22.[831,1437,1635,1743]" box="[831,1247,1635,1656]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFAA82397C54F9BAFB4FF9EA" authority="Fabricius, 1794: 232" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityPageNumber="232" authorityYear="1794" box="[831,1243,1635,1656]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctalis">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFAA82397C54F9BAFB98F9EA" box="[831,1036,1635,1656]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">Phalaena bipunctalis</emphasis>
Fabricius, 1794: 232
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFAA82397C54F958FC56F95D" blockId="22.[831,1437,1635,1743]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB531189FFAA82397C54F958FC56F95D" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFAA82397C54F958FB55F907" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[831,1217,1664,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Herpetogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFAA82397C54F958FBDAF907" box="[831,1102,1664,1686]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">Herpetogramma bipunctalis</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AE210B6FFAA82397BA3F959FA0DF907" author="Peck S. B. &amp; Heraty J. &amp; Landry B. &amp; Sinclair B. J." box="[1224,1433,1664,1686]" page="227" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" year="1998">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFAA82397BA3F959FAFEF907" author="Peck S. B. &amp; Heraty J. &amp; Landry B. &amp; Sinclair B. J." box="[1224,1386,1664,1686]" journalOrPublisher="American Entomologist" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" pagination="218 - 237" part="44" refString="Peck S. B., Heraty J., Landry B., Sinclair B. J. 1998. Introduced insect fauna of an oceanic archipelago: The Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. American Entomologist 44: 218 - 237." title="Introduced insect fauna of an oceanic archipelago: The Galapagos Islands, Ecuador" type="journal article" year="1998">
Peck
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFAA82397B97F958FAB8F907" box="[1276,1324,1664,1686]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">et al.</emphasis>
, 1998
</bibRefCitation>
: 227
</treatmentCitation>
. ‒
<treatmentCitation id="0AE210B6FFAA82397CF6F944FB05F920" author="Causton C. E. &amp; Peck S. B. &amp; Sinclair B. J. &amp; Roque-Albelo L. &amp; Hodgson C. J. &amp; Landry B." box="[925,1169,1693,1715]" page="141" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFAA82397CF6F944FBF5F920" author="Causton C. E. &amp; Peck S. B. &amp; Sinclair B. J. &amp; Roque-Albelo L. &amp; Hodgson C. J. &amp; Landry B." box="[925,1121,1693,1715]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" pagination="121 - 143" part="99" refString="Causton C. E., Peck S. B., Sinclair B. J., Roque-Albelo L., Hodgson C. J., Landry B. 2006. Alien Insects: Threats and implications for conservation of Galapagos Islands. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 99: 121 - 143." title="Alien Insects: Threats and implications for conservation of Galapagos Islands" type="journal article" year="2006">
Causton
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFAA82397C99F947FBB6F920" box="[1010,1058,1693,1715]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">et al.</emphasis>
, 2006
</bibRefCitation>
: 141
</treatmentCitation>
. ‒
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFAA82397BC7F944FC2AF95D" author="Roque-Albelo L. &amp; Landry B." editor="Bungartz F." journalOrPublisher="Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundacion Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" pagination="2015" part="30" publicationUrl="http://www.darwinfoundation" refString="Roque-Albelo L., Landry B. 2015. Lepidoptera. In: Bungartz F., Herrera H., Jaramillo P., Tirado N., Jimenez-Uzcategui G., Ruiz D., Guezou A., Ziemmeck F. (eds.). Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galapagos de la Fundacion Charles Darwin. Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundacion Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos: http: // www. darwinfoundation. org / datazone / checklists / terrestrial-invertebrates / Last updated 30 November 2015." title="Lepidoptera" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galapagos de la Fundacion Charles Darwin" year="2015">Roque-Albelo &amp; Landry, 2015</bibRefCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359652CFFAA82397C54F92CFA83F85D" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFAA82397C54F92CFA83F85D" blockId="22.[831,1437,1781,1999]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFAA82397C54F92CFBBCF89E" bold="true" box="[831,1064,1781,1804]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">Material examined:</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFFAA82397B5CF92FFBDFF89F" box="[1079,1099,1782,1805]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">♀</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="54F88805FFAA82397B31F92CFB28F89E" box="[1114,1212,1781,1804]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of synonym
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFAA82397A0AF92FFBAFF8BE" authority="Walker, 1859" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="philealis">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFAA82397A0AF92FFC0FF8BE" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">Botys philealis</emphasis>
Walker, 1859
</taxonomicName>
,
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFFAA82397B20F8CFFBE3F8BF" box="[1099,1143,1814,1838]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" type="male">3 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFFAA82397BE2F8CFFB22F8BF" box="[1161,1206,1814,1838]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
from the
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFAA82397A47F8CCFC1BF8DE" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">Galápagos Islands</collectingRegion>
: –
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFAA82397CDBF8EFFB8DF8DF" box="[944,1049,1846,1869]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">Genovesa</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFAA82397B43F8ECFB52F8DE" authority="Darwin." authorityName="Darwin." box="[1064,1222,1845,1868]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bahia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFAA82397B43F8ECFBF2F8DE" box="[1064,1126,1845,1868]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">Bahía</collectingRegion>
Darwin.
</taxonomicName>
–
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFAA82397B88F8ECFAA6F8DE" box="[1251,1330,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFAA82397B88F8ECFAA6F8DE" box="[1251,1330,1845,1868]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Isabela" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">Isabela</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: ±
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FFAA82397A3CF8ECFA08F8DE" box="[1367,1436,1845,1868]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
N P[uer]to Villamil. –
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFAA82397B3FF88EFB40F8FC" box="[1108,1236,1879,1902]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFAA82397B3FF88EFB40F8FC" box="[1108,1236,1879,1902]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Charles Darwin Research Station; Charles Darwin Research Station, Barranco,
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FFAA82397CD2F84EFC6FF83C" box="[953,1019,1943,1967]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
elev[ation]. –
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFAA82397BDCF84EFA82F83C" box="[1207,1302,1943,1966]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFAA82397BDCF84EFA82F83C" box="[1207,1302,1943,1966]" country="Philippines" name="Santiago" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">Santiago</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Jaboncillo [camp], ±
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FFAA82397CC5F86FFC65F85C" box="[942,1009,1974,1998]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" unit="m" value="850.0">850 m</quantity>
elev. Deposited in
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FFAA82397BD5F86EFA87F85D" box="[1214,1299,1975,1999]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">MHNG</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359652CFFAA82377C54F83CFD72FD8B" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="339" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFAA82377C54F83CFD72FD8B" blockId="22.[831,1436,2021,2078]" lastBlockId="24.[151,756,258,538]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="339" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFAA82397C54F83CFC23F86E" bold="true" box="[831,951,2021,2044]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Measuring
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FFAA82397B54F83FFB47F86C" box="[1087,1235,2021,2046]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" unit="mm" value="24.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="23.0">23 to 25 mm</quantity>
in wingspan, this pale tan species can be recognized by its slightly darker forewing costa and apex, as well as by the two small contrasting eponymous dots in the cell, with the apical slightly bigger (
<figureCitation id="13782A22FFA482377E28FE9BFE00FEC9" box="[323,404,322,347]" captionStart="Figs 17 - 24" captionStartId="11.[151,192,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[247,1334,276,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[206,1381,257,1824]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs 17 - 24. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (17) Diaphania nitidalis ♀, Brazil, Bahía, Camacan, Res. Serra Bonita, 800 m, 8. iv. 2011, MHNG. (18) Ercta vittata ♂, Galápagos, Marchena, 12. iii. 1992, MHNG. (19) Herpetogramma bipunctalis ♂, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, CDRS, Barranco, 20 m, 30. iv. 2002, MHNG. (20, 21) Herpetogramma phaeopteralis. (20) ♂, Galápagos, Isabela, NE slope Alcedo, Los Guayabillos camp, 869 m, 2. iv. 2004, MHNG. (21) ♀, Galápagos, San Cristóbal, near La Loberia, sea level, 24. ii. 2005, MHNG. (22, 23) Hymenia perspectalis. (22) ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, Los Gemelos, 4. v. 2002, MHNG. (23) ♀, same locality, 27. v. 1992, MHNG. (24) Lineodes integra ♂, Pinta, Cabo Ibbetson, 8 m, MHNG." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162855/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFA482377EC2FE9AFD60FECB" box="[425,756,322,346]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Herpetogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phaeopteralis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFA482377EC2FE9AFD60FECB" box="[425,756,322,346]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">Herpetogramma phaeopteralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13782A22FFA482377FF4FEBBFE8DFEE9" box="[159,281,354,379]" captionStart="Figs 17 - 24" captionStartId="11.[151,192,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[247,1334,276,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[206,1381,257,1824]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs 17 - 24. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (17) Diaphania nitidalis ♀, Brazil, Bahía, Camacan, Res. Serra Bonita, 800 m, 8. iv. 2011, MHNG. (18) Ercta vittata ♂, Galápagos, Marchena, 12. iii. 1992, MHNG. (19) Herpetogramma bipunctalis ♂, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, CDRS, Barranco, 20 m, 30. iv. 2002, MHNG. (20, 21) Herpetogramma phaeopteralis. (20) ♂, Galápagos, Isabela, NE slope Alcedo, Los Guayabillos camp, 869 m, 2. iv. 2004, MHNG. (21) ♀, Galápagos, San Cristóbal, near La Loberia, sea level, 24. ii. 2005, MHNG. (22, 23) Hymenia perspectalis. (22) ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, Los Gemelos, 4. v. 2002, MHNG. (23) ♀, same locality, 27. v. 1992, MHNG. (24) Lineodes integra ♂, Pinta, Cabo Ibbetson, 8 m, MHNG." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162855/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">Figs 20, 21</figureCitation>
) is much darker and its darker markings are poorly apparent. Paler specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFA482377D44FE5BFD60FE0B" box="[559,756,386,409]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Asciodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quietalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFA482377D44FE5BFD60FE0B" box="[559,756,386,409]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">Asciodes quietalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13782A22FFA482377FF4FE7BFF73FE2B" box="[159,231,418,441]" captionStart="Figs 1 - 8" captionStartId="7.[151,192,1911,1932]" captionTargetBox="[230,1353,265,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[196,1392,257,1850]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs 1 - 8. Galápagos specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (1) Agathodes designalis ♀, Isabela, Alcedo, cumbre, 1100 m, 17. iv. 2002, MHNG. (2, 3) Agathodes galapagensis. (2) ♂ holotype, MHNG. (3) ♀ paratype, Santa Cruz, transition zone, recently cut road, 12. iii. 2004, MHNG. (4 - 6) Asciodes quietalis. (4) ♀, Alcedo, NE slope, 292 m, 30. iii. 2004, MHNG. (5) ♀, Santa Cruz, transition zone, recently cut road, 12. iii. 2004, MHNG. (6) ♂, Santa Cruz, E. C. C. D., 4. iii. 1992, MHNG. (7, 8) Beebea guglielmi. (7) ♂, Santa Cruz, CDRS, 14. iv. 1975, BMNH ©, the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London. (8) ♀, Albermarle I., Cowley Mtn., 2. x. 1906, CAS." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162853/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
) are more evenly coloured on the forewing, without darker costa and apex, their transverse lines are zigzagged, and their apical cell dot is quadrangular with the centre concolourous with the forewing background.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF3C662FFFAB82387FFCF8AEFA89F78F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162861/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="338" targetBox="[193,1394,257,1857]" targetPageId="23">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFAB82387FFCF8AEFA89F78F" blockId="23.[151,1439,1911,2078]" pageId="23" pageNumber="338">
Figs 65-72. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (65, 66)
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFAB82387C14F8AEFBA3F81E" box="[895,1079,1911,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Synclera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jarbusalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFAB82387C14F8AEFBA3F81E" box="[895,1079,1911,1932]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="338">Synclera jarbusalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (65) ♂, Brazil,
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFAB82387BA5F8AEFE1AF83B" authority="Camacan, Res. Serra Bonita" authorityName="Camacan, Res. Serra Bonita" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bahia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="23" pageNumber="338" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Bahía, Camacan, Res. Serra Bonita</taxonomicName>
, 800 m, 8.iv.2011, MHNG. (66) ♀, Venezuela, Aragua, PN H.-Pittier, Paso Portachuelo, 1136 m, 21.vii.2009, MHNG. (67, 68)
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFAB82387EA3F86BFD0BF854" box="[456,671,1969,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Terastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meticulosalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFAB82387EA3F86BFD0BF854" box="[456,671,1969,1991]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="338">Terastia meticulosalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (67) ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, casa L. Roque-Albelo &amp; V. Cruz, 137 m, 27.ii.2005, MHNG. (68) ♂, Brazil, Mato Grosso, environs de Dourados, iii.1966, MHNG. (69, 70)
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFAB82387BB5F817FA0CF871" box="[1246,1432,1998,2019]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Udea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galapagensis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFAB82387BB5F817FA0CF871" box="[1246,1432,1998,2019]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="338">Udea galapagensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (69) ♂ holotype, MHNG. (70) paratype ♀, Galápagos, San Cristóbal, El Junco, east side, 654 m, 25.ii.2005, MHNG. (71, 72)
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFAB82387E51F7DEFE53F78E" box="[314,455,2055,2076]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Udea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sideralis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFAB82387E51F7DEFE53F78E" box="[314,455,2055,2076]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="338">Udea sideralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (71) holotype ♂, MHNG. (72) paratype ♀, Santiago, N side, 527 m, 5.iii.2005, MHNG.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C359652CFFA482377FFCFDE8FD65FCFA" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFA482377FFCFDE8FD65FCFA" blockId="24.[151,757,561,873]" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFA482377FFCFDE8FF6DFDDA" bold="true" box="[151,249,561,584]" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">Biology:</emphasis>
The larva has been recorded to feed on a wide variety of host plants in the
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFA482377D0AFD88FD64FDFA" box="[609,752,593,616]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Acanthaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFA482377FFCFDA8FED3FD1A" box="[151,327,625,648]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Amaranthaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFA482377E37FDABFE2EFD18" box="[348,442,626,650]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFA482377EA5FDABFDDEFD18" box="[462,586,626,650]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFA482377D0BFDA8FD64FD1A" box="[608,752,625,648]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Brassicaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFA482377FFCFD48FEC7FD3A" box="[151,339,657,680]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chenopodiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Chenopodiaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFA482377E1EFD48FD89FD3A" box="[373,541,657,680]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFA482377D54FD48FD3DFD3A" box="[575,681,657,680]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFA482377DA0FD4BFEB6FD5A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hydrangeaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Hydrangeaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFA482377E5DFD68FE3BFD5A" box="[310,431,689,712]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFA482377EA8FD6BFD8BFD5B" box="[451,543,690,713]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFA482377D58FD68FD33FD5A" box="[563,679,689,712]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFA482377DD0FD68FE83FD7A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Schisandraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Schisandraceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFA482377E56FD08FE2BFD7A" box="[317,447,721,744]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFA482377E8FFD08FDDBFD7A" box="[484,591,721,744]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Tiliaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Tiliaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFA482377D1FFD08FD64FD7A" box="[628,752,721,744]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Urticaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFA482377FFCFD28FDA5FC98" authority="Robinson et al., 2014" authorityName="Robinson et al." authorityYear="2014" box="[151,561,753,778]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
Zingiberaceae (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFA482377E2BFD28FDBEFC98" author="Robinson G. S. &amp; Ackery P. R. &amp; Kitching I. J. &amp; Beccaloni G. W. &amp; Hernandez L. M." box="[320,554,753,778]" journalOrPublisher="a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" publicationUrl="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/researchcuration/research/projects/hostplants" refString="Robinson G. S., Ackery P. R., Kitching I. J., Beccaloni G. W., Hernandez L. M. 2014. HOSTS - a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. http: // www. nhm. ac. uk / researchcuration / research / projects / hostplants /" title="HOSTS" type="book" year="2014">
Robinson
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFA482377EDBFD2BFE73FC9A" box="[432,487,753,777]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">et al.</emphasis>
, 2014
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. In the
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFA482377DE8FD28FD60FC9A" box="[643,756,753,776]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
the five specimens available have been collected from March until May in anthropized as well as pristine habitats from the littoral zone to about
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FFA482377D49FC88FDF1FCFB" box="[546,613,849,873]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" unit="m" value="850.0">850 m</quantity>
in elevation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359652CFFA482377FFCFC59FDE8FBE5" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFA482377FFCFC59FDE8FBE5" blockId="24.[151,756,896,1145]" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFA482377FFCFC59FEA4FC05" bold="true" box="[151,304,896,919]" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">Distribution:</emphasis>
Described from ‘Americae Insulis’ (American Islands) this species is widespread across the World, including
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FFA482377EEFFC19FE72FC45" box="[388,486,960,983]" name="Australia" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">Australia</collectingCountry>
in warmer regions, and the
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFA482377FD4FC38FE82FC6A" box="[191,278,993,1016]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Western" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">Western</collectingRegion>
Hemisphere from
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FFA482377E8BFC39FDA4FC65" box="[480,560,992,1015]" name="Canada" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">Canada</collectingCountry>
and eastern
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FFA482377DD3FC38FD64FC6B" box="[696,752,993,1017]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">USA</collectingCountry>
, across the West Indies and south to
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FFA482377D42FBD9FD07FB85" box="[553,659,1024,1047]" name="Argentina" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFA482377DCFFBD9FEB4FBA5" author="Shaffer M. &amp; Nielsen E. S. &amp; Horak M." editor="Nielsen E. S." journalOrPublisher="Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Australia" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" refString="Shaffer M., Nielsen E. S., Horak M. 1996. Pyralidae (pp. 164 - 199). In: Nielsen E. S., Edwards E. D., Rangsi T. V. (eds). Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Australia. In: Nielsen E. S. (ed.), Monographs on Australian Lepidoptera 4. CSIRO Division of Entomology, Canberra." title="Pyralidae (pp. 164 - 199)" type="book" year="1996">
Shaffer
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFA482377FFCFBFBFF40FBA5" box="[151,212,1056,1081]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">et al.</emphasis>
, 1996
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFA482377E5AFBF8FDB8FBA5" author="Patterson B." box="[305,556,1056,1081]" journalOrPublisher="North American Moth Photographers Group" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" publicationUrl="http://mothphotographersgroup.msstate.edu" refString="Patterson B. et al. 2015. North American Moth Photographers Group. http: // mothphotographersgroup. msstate. edu." title="et al" type="book" year="2015">
Patterson
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFA482377EC8FBFBFE4BFBA5" box="[419,479,1056,1081]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">et al.</emphasis>
, 2015
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFA482377D56FBF9FF45FBCB" author="Robinson G. S. &amp; Ackery P. R. &amp; Kitching I. J. &amp; Beccaloni G. W. &amp; Hernandez L. M." journalOrPublisher="a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" publicationUrl="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/researchcuration/research/projects/hostplants" refString="Robinson G. S., Ackery P. R., Kitching I. J., Beccaloni G. W., Hernandez L. M. 2014. HOSTS - a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. http: // www. nhm. ac. uk / researchcuration / research / projects / hostplants /" title="HOSTS" type="book" year="2014">
Robinson
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFA482377DDAFBFBFD7AFBA5" box="[689,750,1056,1081]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">et al.</emphasis>
, 2014
</bibRefCitation>
). It is known in the
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFA482377EC5FB99FD8BFBC5" box="[430,543,1088,1111]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
from the islands of Genovesa,
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFA482377E65FBB9FEC8FBE5" box="[270,348,1120,1143]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Isabela" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">Isabela</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFA482377E0CFBB8FE4AFBEB" box="[359,478,1121,1145]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
, and
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFA482377D7CFBB9FDECFBE5" box="[535,632,1120,1143]" country="Philippines" name="Santiago" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">Santiago</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359652CFFA482377FFCFB49FD78F97A" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FFA482377FFCFB49FD78F97A" blockId="24.[151,756,1167,1768]" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFA482377FFCFB49FE9CFB3A" bold="true" box="[151,264,1168,1192]" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">Remarks:</emphasis>
I have identified
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFA482377EA3FB56FDADFB34" box="[456,569,1167,1190]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
specimens based on specimens in the BMNH. Michael Shaffer, former curator of Pyraloidea at the BMNH, pinned a note under one specimen saying that it was conspecific with this species. The
<typeStatus id="54F88805FFA482377E40FAC9FECDFABA" box="[299,345,1296,1320]" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">type</typeStatus>
would be in Copenhagen. female
<typeStatus id="54F88805FFA482377FFCFAF6FF6FFAD4" box="[151,251,1327,1350]" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
for the synonym
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFA482377E8FFAE8FF5BFAF4" authority="Walker, 1859" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="philealis">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FFA482377E8FFAE8FD04FAD4" box="[484,656,1327,1352]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">Botys philealis</emphasis>
Walker, 1859
</taxonomicName>
, is designated with the following labels: 1- ‘47 | 9’ [recto], ‘Vene | zuela’ [verso] [circular, pale blue, hand written]; 2- ‘74.
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFA482377E25FA49FDA8FA3A" box="[334,572,1424,1448]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="philealis">BOTYS PHILEALIS</taxonomicName>
.’ [typed, folded]; 3- ‘Type’ [circular, green bordered, typed]; 4- ‘1953 | 424’ [hand written, upside down]; 5- ‘Lecto | type’ [circular, navy blue bordered, typed]; 6- ‘
<typeStatus id="54F88805FFA482377D3CFA29FD60F99A" box="[599,756,1520,1544]" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFA482377FCFF9C9FF76F9BA" box="[164,226,1552,1576]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Botys</taxonomicName>
|
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFA482377F9DF9D6FEC4F9B4" box="[246,336,1551,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="philealis">philealis</taxonomicName>
| Walker | Des. B. Landry, 2000’ [hand written except for Latin name, describer, and last two zeros]’; 7- ‘B.M.
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FFA482377E3CF996FE28F9F4" box="[343,444,1615,1638]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pyralidae</taxonomicName>
| Genitalia slide |. 22278
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFFA482377FFCF9A9FF3FF915" box="[151,171,1648,1671]" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">♀</specimenCount>
’ [typed except for female sign]; 8-
<typeStatus id="54F88805FFA482377D21F9A9FD77F91A" box="[586,739,1648,1672]" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
| designated by |. Solis, 2009’ [typed].
<typeStatus id="54F88805FFA482377D0FF956FD60F934" box="[612,756,1679,1702]" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
male without abdomen is also designated. The species is known as the
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FFA482377E40F916FE1FF974" box="[299,395,1743,1766]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Southern" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">Southern</collectingRegion>
beet webworm (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FFA482377D56F909FD75F97A" author="Heppner J. B." bookContentInfo="670 pp." box="[573,737,1744,1768]" journalOrPublisher="Arthropods of Florida and neighbouring land areas 17" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" refString="Heppner J. B. 2003. Lepidoptera of Florida. Part 1. Introduction and catalog. Arthropods of Florida and neighbouring land areas 17: 670 pp." title="Lepidoptera of Florida. Part 1. Introduction and catalog" type="book" year="2003">Heppner, 2003</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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