254 lines
34 KiB
XML
254 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="D040E69C81F0A089CDD8324F32595C42" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.155309" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b195c5ca-7f2b-4f1b-a9a9-c1095c95d012" ID-ISSN="0035-418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="155309" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1477237842213" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bernard Landry" docDate="2016" docId="03EA87B1FF9682057FB5FBA3FB72FC1D" docLanguage="en" docName="13_Landry.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Revue suisse de Zoologie 123 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:225056F0A23C51DDC06AC27EAEA15D5B.2:RevSuisseZool.2015-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="225056F0A23C51DDC06AC27EAEA15D5B" docStyleName="RevSuisseZool.2015-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Neoleucinodes elegantalis Guenee 1854" docType="treatment" docVersion="16" lastPageNumber="357" masterDocId="FFD3FFC9FFBC822F7F6BFFD9FF94FF92" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the Spilomelinae (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae s. l.) of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador" masterLastPageNumber="399" masterPageNumber="315" pageNumber="357" updateTime="1698390478594" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="C95A0EBC4700868FF32F0AD46E1D9860">Taxonomic revision of the Spilomelinae (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae s. l.) of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2632EC6F2E921BBD61F1A9456F17DEA3">2016</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03EA87B1FF9682057FB5FBA3FB72FC1D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5823204" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124557781" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5823204" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EA87B1FF9682057FB5FBA3FB72FC1D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87B1FF9682057FB5FBA3FB72FC1D" lastPageNumber="357" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">
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<subSubSection id="C359652CFF9682057FB5FBA3FD39FB03" box="[222,685,1146,1169]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9682057FB5FBA3FD39FB03" blockId="42.[222,685,1146,1203]" box="[222,685,1146,1169]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">
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<heading id="D0B481CBFF9682057FB5FBA3FD39FB03" bold="true" box="[222,685,1146,1169]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9682057FB5FBA3FD39FB03" authority="Guenee, 1854" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1854" box="[222,685,1146,1169]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Neoleucinodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegantalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9682057FB5FBA3FD39FB03" bold="true" box="[222,685,1146,1169]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9682057FB5FBA3FE69FB03" bold="true" box="[222,509,1146,1169]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Neoleucinodes elegantalis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF9682057D61FBA3FD32FB03" author="Guenee M. A." box="[522,678,1146,1169]" editor="Boisduval J. B. A. D. de" journalOrPublisher="Species General des Lepidopteres 8" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" pagination="1 - 448" part="8" refString="Guenee M. A. 1854. Deltoides et Pyralites. Pp. 1 - 448. In: Boisduval J. B. A. D. de & Guenee M. A., Histoire naturelle des insectes. Species General des Lepidopteres 8 8. Roret, Paris." title="Deltoides et Pyralites. Pp" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Histoire naturelle des insectes" year="1854">Guenée, 1854</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C359652CFF9682057E02FB43FDB6FB23" box="[361,546,1178,1203]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9682057E02FB43FDB6FB23" blockId="42.[222,685,1146,1203]" box="[361,546,1178,1203]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">
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<figureCitation id="13782A22FF9682057E02FB43FE2FFB21" box="[361,443,1178,1203]" captionStart="Figs 33 - 40" captionStartId="15.[151,192,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[208,1380,257,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[208,1380,257,1820]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 33 - 40. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (33, 34) Marasmia trapezalis. (33) ♂, Galápagos, Isabela, Sierra Negra, 11 km N Puerto Villamil, 9. iv. 2004, MHNG. (34) ♀, Galápagos, Santiago, Central, 700 m, 9. iv. 1992, MHNG. (35) Maruca vitrata ♀, Ecuador, Pichincha, Septimo Paraiso Reserve, ± 1300 m, 10. v. 2002, MHNG. (36) Microthyris anormalis ♀, Galápagos, Isabela, V. Darwin, 300 m, 15. v. 1992, MHNG. (37) Neoleucinodes elegantalis ♂, Guyane française, Rte de Kaw @ pk 37, 271 m, 6. iv. 2008, MHNG. (38, 39) Neoleucinodes galapagensis. (38) ♂ holotype, MHNG. (39) ♀ paratype, Isabela, NE slope Alcedo, ca. 400 m up Los Guayabillos camp, 892 m, 1. iv. 2004, MHNG. (40) Palpita flegia ♂, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, ix-xi. 1970, BMNH ©, the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162857/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Figs 37</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13782A22FF9682057EADFB43FE7BFB23" box="[454,495,1178,1201]" captionStart="Figs 113 - 115" captionStartId="43.[151,192,1720,1741]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,264,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1437,259,1666]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figs 113 - 115. Male genitalia of Neotropical Spilomelinae, a and b from same slides, but not to scale, (a) showing the genitalia without phallus and (b), the phallus. (113) Maruca vitrata: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8995, French Guiana. (114) Microthyris anormalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 9006, Galápagos, Isabela. (115) Neoleucinodes elegantalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8693, French Guiana." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162871/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">115</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13782A22FF9682057E91FB43FDB6FB23" box="[506,546,1178,1201]" captionStart="Figs 158 - 162" captionStartId="69.[151,192,1968,1989]" captionTargetBox="[183,1415,261,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[155,1435,254,1927]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Figs 158 - 162. Female genitalia of Neotropical Spilomelinae, not to scale. (158) Marasmia trapezalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 9026, Galápagos, Santa Cruz (MHNG). (159) Maruca vitrata: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8996, French Guiana. (160) Microthyris anormalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 9027, Galápagos, Isabela (MHNG). (161) Neoleucinodes elegantalis: slide MHNG- ENTO- 8694, Venezuela. (162) N. galapagensis paratype: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8692." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162884/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">161</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C359652CFF9682057FFCFB11FDB6FA8A" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9682057FFCFB11FDA3FB4C" blockId="42.[151,757,1224,1305]" box="[151,567,1224,1246]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB531189FF9682057FFCFB11FDA3FB4C" box="[151,567,1224,1246]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9682057FFCFB11FDA7FB4C" authority="Guenee, 1854: 222" authorityName="Guenee" authorityPageNumber="222" authorityYear="1854" box="[151,563,1224,1246]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Leucinodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegantalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9682057FFCFB11FEE0FB4F" box="[151,372,1224,1245]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Leucinodes elegantalis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE210B6FF9682057E11FB11FDA7FB4C" author="Guenee M. A." box="[378,563,1224,1246]" page="222" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" year="1854">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF9682057E11FB11FD97FB4F" author="Guenee M. A." box="[378,515,1224,1245]" editor="Boisduval J. B. A. D. de" journalOrPublisher="Species General des Lepidopteres 8" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" pagination="1 - 448" part="8" refString="Guenee M. A. 1854. Deltoides et Pyralites. Pp. 1 - 448. In: Boisduval J. B. A. D. de & Guenee M. A., Histoire naturelle des insectes. Species General des Lepidopteres 8 8. Roret, Paris." title="Deltoides et Pyralites. Pp" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Histoire naturelle des insectes" year="1854">Guenée, 1854</bibRefCitation>
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: 222
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9682057FFCFB3FFD61FB69" blockId="42.[151,757,1224,1305]" box="[151,757,1254,1276]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB531189FF9682057FFCFB3FFD61FB69" box="[151,757,1254,1276]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9682057FFCFB3FFE62FB69" authority="Guenee" authorityName="Guenee" box="[151,502,1254,1275]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Neoleucinodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegantalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9682057FFCFB3FFE07FB69" box="[151,403,1254,1275]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Neoleucinodes elegantalis</emphasis>
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(Guenée)
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE210B6FF9682057E95FB3FFD65FB69" author="Causton C. E. & Peck S. B. & Sinclair B. J. & Roque-Albelo L. & Hodgson C. J. & Landry B." box="[510,753,1254,1276]" page="141" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" year="2006">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF9682057E95FB3FFD56FB69" author="Causton C. E. & Peck S. B. & Sinclair B. J. & Roque-Albelo L. & Hodgson C. J. & Landry B." box="[510,706,1254,1276]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" pagination="121 - 143" part="99" refString="Causton C. E., Peck S. B., Sinclair B. J., Roque-Albelo L., Hodgson C. J., Landry B. 2006. Alien Insects: Threats and implications for conservation of Galapagos Islands. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 99: 121 - 143." title="Alien Insects: Threats and implications for conservation of Galapagos Islands" type="journal article" year="2006">
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Causton
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9682057D38FB3EFD17FB69" box="[595,643,1254,1276]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2006
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 141
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9682057F88FADDFDB6FA8A" blockId="42.[151,757,1224,1305]" box="[227,546,1283,1305]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">
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‒
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF9682057F9EFADAFD8AFA8A" author="Roque-Albelo L. & Landry B." box="[245,542,1283,1305]" editor="Bungartz F." journalOrPublisher="Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundacion Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" pagination="2015" part="30" publicationUrl="http://www.darwinfoundation" refString="Roque-Albelo L., Landry B. 2015. Lepidoptera. In: Bungartz F., Herrera H., Jaramillo P., Tirado N., Jimenez-Uzcategui G., Ruiz D., Guezou A., Ziemmeck F. (eds.). Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galapagos de la Fundacion Charles Darwin. Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundacion Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos: http: // www. darwinfoundation. org / datazone / checklists / terrestrial-invertebrates / Last updated 30 November 2015." title="Lepidoptera" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galapagos de la Fundacion Charles Darwin" year="2015">Roque-Albelo & Landry, 2015</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF9682057FFCFAE6FD30FAE5" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9682057FFCFAE6FD30FAE5" blockId="42.[151,756,1343,1400]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9682057FFCFAE6FEEDFAC4" bold="true" box="[151,377,1343,1366]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Material examined:</emphasis>
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<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF9682057EEBFAE6FE3DFAC5" box="[384,425,1343,1367]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
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from the
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<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9682057D7FFAE6FD48FAC4" box="[532,732,1343,1366]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Galápagos Islands</collectingRegion>
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: –
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9682057FFCFAB9FE9BFAE5" box="[151,271,1376,1399]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">
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<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9682057FFCFAB9FE9BFAE5" box="[151,271,1376,1399]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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: Academy Bay. Deposited in
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<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FF9682057D26FAB9FD34FAE5" box="[589,672,1376,1399]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">BMNH</collectionCode>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C359652CFF9682057FFCFA56FE8BF939" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9682057FFCFA56FE8BF939" blockId="42.[151,756,1423,1707]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9682057FFCFA56FE9BFA34" bold="true" box="[151,271,1423,1446]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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The mostly hyaline white wings with dark brown patches terminally toward apex and basally, in addition to a mostly rust brown patch medially on dorsum (
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<figureCitation id="13782A22FF9682057F92FA29FEDEF99B" box="[249,330,1520,1545]" captionStart="Figs 33 - 40" captionStartId="15.[151,192,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[208,1380,257,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[208,1380,257,1820]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 33 - 40. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (33, 34) Marasmia trapezalis. (33) ♂, Galápagos, Isabela, Sierra Negra, 11 km N Puerto Villamil, 9. iv. 2004, MHNG. (34) ♀, Galápagos, Santiago, Central, 700 m, 9. iv. 1992, MHNG. (35) Maruca vitrata ♀, Ecuador, Pichincha, Septimo Paraiso Reserve, ± 1300 m, 10. v. 2002, MHNG. (36) Microthyris anormalis ♀, Galápagos, Isabela, V. Darwin, 300 m, 15. v. 1992, MHNG. (37) Neoleucinodes elegantalis ♂, Guyane française, Rte de Kaw @ pk 37, 271 m, 6. iv. 2008, MHNG. (38, 39) Neoleucinodes galapagensis. (38) ♂ holotype, MHNG. (39) ♀ paratype, Isabela, NE slope Alcedo, ca. 400 m up Los Guayabillos camp, 892 m, 1. iv. 2004, MHNG. (40) Palpita flegia ♂, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, ix-xi. 1970, BMNH ©, the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162857/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
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) will easily separate this species from the other
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<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9682057E6BF9C9FEE5F9B5" box="[256,369,1552,1575]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
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Spilomelinae. The forewing length of the single, unspread
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<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9682057EDFF9E8FDB2F9DA" box="[436,550,1585,1608]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
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specimen known is
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(wingspan about
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||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF9682057E8FF988FDA3F9F8" box="[484,567,1617,1642]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" unit="mm" value="26.0">26 mm</quantity>
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||
), but the species varies in this respect between 8 and
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||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF9682057D77F9ABFDF3F918" box="[540,615,1650,1674]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
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||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF9682057DCAF9ABFE80F939" author="Hayden J. E. & Lee S. & Passoa S. C. & Young J. & Landry J. - F. & Nazari V. & Mally R. & Somma L. A. & Ahlmark K. M." journalOrPublisher="LgOL. dpuf" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" pagination="287" publicationUrl="http://idtools.org/id/leps" refString="Hayden J. E., Lee S., Passoa S. C., Young J., Landry J. - F., Nazari V., Mally R., Somma L. A., Ahlmark K. M. 2013. Digital Identification of Microlepidoptera on Solanaceae. USDA- APHIS-PPQ Identification Technology Program (ITP). Fort Collins, CO. [Last accessed on 15.10.2014] <http: // idtools. org / id / leps / micro /> - See more at: http: // idtools. org / id / leps / micro / about _ citation. php # sthash. C 287 LgOL. dpuf" title="Digital Identification of Microlepidoptera on Solanaceae. USDA- APHIS-PPQ Identification Technology Program (ITP). Fort Collins, CO. [Last accessed on 15.10.2014] <http: // idtools. org / id / leps / micro /> - See more at" type="book chapter" year="2013">
|
||
Hayden
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9682057FFCF94AFF59F93B" box="[151,205,1682,1706]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF9682057FFCF918FD81F78F" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9682057FFCF918FD81F78F" blockId="42.[151,756,1729,2078]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9682057FFCF918FF62F94A" bold="true" box="[151,246,1729,1752]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Biology:</emphasis>
|
||
Known as the Tomato fruit borer, the larva of this species has been recorded to feed on a number of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9682057FFCF8DBFE9BF88B" box="[151,271,1794,1817]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, but especially in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9682057DFCF8DBFE1AF8A9" authority="Hayden et al., 2013" authorityName="Hayden et al." authorityYear="2013" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9682057DFCF8DBFD60F88B" box="[663,756,1794,1817]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Solanum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF9682057FF5F8FAFE11F8A9" author="Hayden J. E. & Lee S. & Passoa S. C. & Young J. & Landry J. - F. & Nazari V. & Mally R. & Somma L. A. & Ahlmark K. M." box="[158,389,1827,1851]" journalOrPublisher="LgOL. dpuf" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" pagination="287" publicationUrl="http://idtools.org/id/leps" refString="Hayden J. E., Lee S., Passoa S. C., Young J., Landry J. - F., Nazari V., Mally R., Somma L. A., Ahlmark K. M. 2013. Digital Identification of Microlepidoptera on Solanaceae. USDA- APHIS-PPQ Identification Technology Program (ITP). Fort Collins, CO. [Last accessed on 15.10.2014] <http: // idtools. org / id / leps / micro /> - See more at: http: // idtools. org / id / leps / micro / about _ citation. php # sthash. C 287 LgOL. dpuf" title="Digital Identification of Microlepidoptera on Solanaceae. USDA- APHIS-PPQ Identification Technology Program (ITP). Fort Collins, CO. [Last accessed on 15.10.2014] <http: // idtools. org / id / leps / micro /> - See more at" type="book chapter" year="2013">
|
||
Hayden
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9682057F94F8FDFEA7F8A8" box="[255,307,1827,1851]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Eggs are preferentially laid on young fruits,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF9682057E41F89DFEE3F8C9" box="[298,375,1860,1884]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" unit="cm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1-3 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. Newly hatched larvae immediately start boring into the fruit. Larvae consume seeds and fruit flesh and after five moults exit the fruit to pupate in a rolled leaf edge or among plant debris on the ground (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF9682057E49F81CFD9CF84C" author="Hayden J. E. & Lee S. & Passoa S. C. & Young J. & Landry J. - F. & Nazari V. & Mally R. & Somma L. A. & Ahlmark K. M." box="[290,520,1989,2014]" journalOrPublisher="LgOL. dpuf" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" pagination="287" publicationUrl="http://idtools.org/id/leps" refString="Hayden J. E., Lee S., Passoa S. C., Young J., Landry J. - F., Nazari V., Mally R., Somma L. A., Ahlmark K. M. 2013. Digital Identification of Microlepidoptera on Solanaceae. USDA- APHIS-PPQ Identification Technology Program (ITP). Fort Collins, CO. [Last accessed on 15.10.2014] <http: // idtools. org / id / leps / micro /> - See more at: http: // idtools. org / id / leps / micro / about _ citation. php # sthash. C 287 LgOL. dpuf" title="Digital Identification of Microlepidoptera on Solanaceae. USDA- APHIS-PPQ Identification Technology Program (ITP). Fort Collins, CO. [Last accessed on 15.10.2014] <http: // idtools. org / id / leps / micro /> - See more at" type="book chapter" year="2013">
|
||
Hayden
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9682057EE9F81FFE22F84E" box="[386,438,1989,2013]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The only specimen recorded from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9682057E16F83CFE7BF86E" box="[381,495,2021,2044]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
was collected in the littoral or arid zone in
|
||
<date id="FFFD1067FF9682057EEEF7DFFD86F78F" box="[389,530,2054,2078]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" value="1969-08">August 1969</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF9682057C54FEDBFB24FD4C" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9682057C54FEDBFB24FD4C" blockId="42.[831,1437,258,735]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9682057C54FEDBFC40FE8B" bold="true" box="[831,980,258,281]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Based on BMNH specimens (perhaps not all correctly identified), this native
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9682057BD6FEFAFA80FEA8" box="[1213,1300,291,314]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Western" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
Hemisphere denizen of the tropical and subtropical regions is found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF9682057CCEFEBAFB97FEE8" box="[933,1027,355,378]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF9682057B7AFEBAFBF1FEE8" box="[1041,1125,355,378]" name="Mexico" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9682057B7AFEBAFBF1FEE8" box="[1041,1125,355,378]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF9682057B19FEBAFB7CFEE8" box="[1138,1256,355,378]" name="Guatemala" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9682057B19FEBAFB7CFEE8" box="[1138,1256,355,378]" country="Guatemala" name="Guatemala" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Guatemala</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF9682057B9DFEBAFA0DFEE8" box="[1270,1433,355,378]" name="Guyana" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">British Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF9682057C54FE5AFC09FE08" box="[831,925,387,410]" name="Suriname" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Surinam</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF9682057CC6FE5AFB8EFE08" box="[941,1050,387,410]" name="Colombia" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF9682057B30FE5AFB34FE08" box="[1115,1184,387,410]" name="Brazil" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF9682057BC4FE5AFA09FE0E" author="Hayden J. E. & Lee S. & Passoa S. C. & Young J. & Landry J. - F. & Nazari V. & Mally R. & Somma L. A. & Ahlmark K. M." box="[1199,1437,387,412]" journalOrPublisher="LgOL. dpuf" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" pagination="287" publicationUrl="http://idtools.org/id/leps" refString="Hayden J. E., Lee S., Passoa S. C., Young J., Landry J. - F., Nazari V., Mally R., Somma L. A., Ahlmark K. M. 2013. Digital Identification of Microlepidoptera on Solanaceae. USDA- APHIS-PPQ Identification Technology Program (ITP). Fort Collins, CO. [Last accessed on 15.10.2014] <http: // idtools. org / id / leps / micro /> - See more at: http: // idtools. org / id / leps / micro / about _ citation. php # sthash. C 287 LgOL. dpuf" title="Digital Identification of Microlepidoptera on Solanaceae. USDA- APHIS-PPQ Identification Technology Program (ITP). Fort Collins, CO. [Last accessed on 15.10.2014] <http: // idtools. org / id / leps / micro /> - See more at" type="book chapter" year="2013">
|
||
Hayden
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9682057A65FE5CFAD6FE08" box="[1294,1346,387,412]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
report a wide distribution from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF9682057BD2FE7DFA9FFE29" box="[1209,1291,420,443]" name="Mexico" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9682057BD2FE7DFA9FFE29" box="[1209,1291,420,443]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
through the Antilles,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9682057CC4FE1DFC6BFE49" box="[943,1023,452,475]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Central" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Central</collectingRegion>
|
||
and South America to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF9682057A5AFE1CFAF7FE4E" box="[1329,1379,453,476]" name="Peru" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF9682057C54FE3CFC39FE6E" box="[831,941,485,508]" name="Argentina" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It is reported from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9682057BE9FE3CFB46FE6E" box="[1154,1234,485,508]" country="Uruguay" name="Florida" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF9682057BB6FE3CFA85FE6F" box="[1245,1297,485,509]" name="United States of America" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF9682057C54FDDFFC7AFD8C" author="Heppner J. B." bookContentInfo="670 pp." box="[831,1006,518,542]" journalOrPublisher="Arthropods of Florida and neighbouring land areas 17" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" refString="Heppner J. B. 2003. Lepidoptera of Florida. Part 1. Introduction and catalog. Arthropods of Florida and neighbouring land areas 17: 670 pp." title="Lepidoptera of Florida. Part 1. Introduction and catalog" type="book" year="2003">Heppner (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but it is not present in North America according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF9682057CA4FDFCFB23FDAC" author="Hayden J. E. & Lee S. & Passoa S. C. & Young J. & Landry J. - F. & Nazari V. & Mally R. & Somma L. A. & Ahlmark K. M." box="[975,1207,549,574]" journalOrPublisher="LgOL. dpuf" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" pagination="287" publicationUrl="http://idtools.org/id/leps" refString="Hayden J. E., Lee S., Passoa S. C., Young J., Landry J. - F., Nazari V., Mally R., Somma L. A., Ahlmark K. M. 2013. Digital Identification of Microlepidoptera on Solanaceae. USDA- APHIS-PPQ Identification Technology Program (ITP). Fort Collins, CO. [Last accessed on 15.10.2014] <http: // idtools. org / id / leps / micro /> - See more at: http: // idtools. org / id / leps / micro / about _ citation. php # sthash. C 287 LgOL. dpuf" title="Digital Identification of Microlepidoptera on Solanaceae. USDA- APHIS-PPQ Identification Technology Program (ITP). Fort Collins, CO. [Last accessed on 15.10.2014] <http: // idtools. org / id / leps / micro /> - See more at" type="book chapter" year="2013">
|
||
Hayden
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9682057B40FDFEFBC9FDAE" box="[1067,1117,549,574]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Only one specimen, collected on
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9682057CB2FD9FFBCEFDCC" box="[985,1114,582,606]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
, is known so far from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9682057C54FDBFFC21FDEF" box="[831,949,614,637]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Academy Bay is where Puerto Ayora is located. This is the touristic hub and most populated area of the archipelago.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF9682057B18FD7EFA09FD2C" box="[1139,1437,679,702]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Neoleucinodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegantalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9682057B18FD7EFA09FD2C" box="[1139,1437,679,702]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Neoleucinodes elegantalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
likely still occurs there in gardens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF9682057C54FD2EFB72FC1D" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF9682057C54FD2EFB72FC1D" blockId="42.[831,1437,759,911]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9682057C54FD2EFC24FC9D" bold="true" box="[831,944,759,783]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
The single known
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9682057BE2FD2EFB6EFC9C" box="[1161,1274,759,782]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
specimen was determined with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF9682057C9FFCC1FB11FCA2" author="Capps H. W." box="[1012,1157,792,816]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Washington" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" pagination="69 - 83" part="98" refString="Capps H. W. 1948. Status of the pyraustid moths of the genus Leucinodes in the New World, with descriptions of new genera and species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Washington 98 (3223): 69 - 83." title="Status of the pyraustid moths of the genus Leucinodes in the New World, with descriptions of new genera and species" type="journal article" year="1948">Capps (1948)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF9682057BD2FCCEFA0DFCA2" author="Hayden J. E. & Lee S. & Passoa S. C. & Young J. & Landry J. - F. & Nazari V. & Mally R. & Somma L. A. & Ahlmark K. M." box="[1209,1433,791,816]" journalOrPublisher="LgOL. dpuf" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" pagination="287" publicationUrl="http://idtools.org/id/leps" refString="Hayden J. E., Lee S., Passoa S. C., Young J., Landry J. - F., Nazari V., Mally R., Somma L. A., Ahlmark K. M. 2013. Digital Identification of Microlepidoptera on Solanaceae. USDA- APHIS-PPQ Identification Technology Program (ITP). Fort Collins, CO. [Last accessed on 15.10.2014] <http: // idtools. org / id / leps / micro /> - See more at: http: // idtools. org / id / leps / micro / about _ citation. php # sthash. C 287 LgOL. dpuf" title="Digital Identification of Microlepidoptera on Solanaceae. USDA- APHIS-PPQ Identification Technology Program (ITP). Fort Collins, CO. [Last accessed on 15.10.2014] <http: // idtools. org / id / leps / micro /> - See more at" type="book chapter" year="2013">
|
||
Hayden
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF9682057A79FCC1FADCFCBC" box="[1298,1352,791,815]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The female
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F88805FF9682057CA7FCEEFBBEFCDC" box="[972,1066,823,846]" pageId="42" pageNumber="357" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF9682057B13FCEEFB2EFCDC" box="[1144,1210,823,846]" name="Brazil" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
was not examined. There are other, similar species of this genus on continental South and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF9682057B44FCA1FBEAFC1D" box="[1071,1150,888,911]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Central" pageId="42" pageNumber="357">Central</collectingRegion>
|
||
America.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |