427 lines
52 KiB
XML
427 lines
52 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="60C001F7171861DC00A876EEC370FF06">Taxonomic revision of the Spilomelinae (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae s. l.) of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A80B442FF41E8179D77E41A87C635236">2016</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03EA87B1FF8E821D7FB5FED8FABAFA9A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5823218" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124557844" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5823218" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EA87B1FF8E821D7FB5FED8FABAFA9A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87B1FF8E821D7FB5FED8FABAFA9A" lastPageNumber="365" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8E821D7FB5FED8FDD4FE8A" authority="Guenee, 1854" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1854" box="[222,576,257,280]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Patania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silicalis" status="comb. nov." subFamily="Spilomelinae">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7FB5FED8FE1AFE8A" bold="true" box="[222,398,257,280]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Patania silicalis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8E821D7EF7FED8FDACFE8A" author="Guenee M. A." box="[412,568,257,280]" editor="Boisduval J. B. A. D. de" journalOrPublisher="Species General des Lepidopteres 8" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" pagination="1 - 448" part="8" refString="Guenee M. A. 1854. Deltoides et Pyralites. Pp. 1 - 448. In: Boisduval J. B. A. D. de & Guenee M. A., Histoire naturelle des insectes. Species General des Lepidopteres 8 8. Roret, Paris." title="Deltoides et Pyralites. Pp" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Histoire naturelle des insectes" year="1854">Guenée, 1854</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20457CEFF8E821D7D27FEDBFD39FE88" box="[588,685,258,282]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C359652CFF8E821D7E02FEFBFDB6FEAB" box="[361,546,290,314]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8E821D7E02FEFBFDB6FEAB" blockId="50.[222,685,257,314]" box="[361,546,290,314]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">
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<figureCitation id="13782A22FF8E821D7E02FEFBFE2FFEA8" box="[361,443,290,314]" captionStart="Figs 41 - 48" captionStartId="17.[151,192,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[243,1344,281,1791]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[203,1384,257,1831]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figs 41 - 48. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (41, 42) Omiodes indicata. (41) ♂, Galápagos, Tagus Cove, emerged ex pupa on Desmodium glabrum, 20 - 25. v. 1992, MHNG. (42) ♀, Galápagos, Pinta, ± 50 m, 20. iii. 1992, MHNG. (43) Patania silicalis ♀, Galápagos, Alcedo, NE slope, 292 m, 30. iii. 2004, MHNG. (44, 45) Penestola bufalis. (44) ♂, Galápagos, Santiago, Cerro Inn, 28. iii. 1992, MHNG. (45) ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, CDRS, wall of Inverts. lab., 11 m, 6. iv. 2004, MHNG. (46, 47) Pilocrocis ramentalis. (46) ♂, Venezuela, Aragua, PN H. - Pittier, Estacion Rancho Grande, 1100 m, 15. vii. 2009, MHNG. (47) ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, E. C. C. D., 6. iii. 1992, MHNG. (48) Psara chathamalis ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, Bahía Conway, 14. iv. 1992, MHNG." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162858/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Figs 43</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13782A22FF8E821D7EADFEFBFE7BFEA8" box="[454,495,290,314]" captionStart="Figs 119 - 121" captionStartId="47.[151,192,1694,1715]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,266,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[151,1437,259,1647]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="Figs 119 - 121. Male genitalia of Galápagos Spilomelinae, a and b from same slides, but not to scale, (a) showing the genitalia without phallus and (b), the phallus. (119) Patania silicalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8989, Pinta. (120) Penestola bufalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8991, Santiago. (121) Pilocrocis ramentalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8992, Santiago." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162873/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">119</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13782A22FF8E821D7E91FEFBFDB6FEAB" box="[506,546,290,313]" captionStart="Figs 163 - 167" captionStartId="71.[151,192,1970,1991]" captionTargetBox="[179,1405,263,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@71.[144,1429,254,1908]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Figs 163 - 167. Female genitalia of Neotropical Spilomelinae, not to scale. (163) Omiodes indicata: slide MHNG-ENTO- 9008, Galápagos, Isabela. (164) Palpita flegia: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8998, Colombia. (165) Patania silicalis: slide MHNG- ENTO- 8990, Galápagos, Isabela. (166) Penestola bufalis: slide CNC PYR 362, Galápagos, Santa Cruz. (167) Pilocrocis ramentalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8695, Galápagos, San Cristóbal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162885/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">165</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C359652CFF8E821D7FFCFE88FD7FFE0C" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8E821D7FFCFE88FE74FEF7" blockId="50.[151,747,335,415]" box="[151,480,335,358]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB531189FF8E821D7FFCFE88FE74FEF7" box="[151,480,335,358]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8E821D7FFCFE88FE48FEF7" authority="Guenee, 1854: 349" authorityName="Guenee" authorityPageNumber="349" authorityYear="1854" box="[151,476,335,358]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silicalis">
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||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7FFCFE88FE8AFEF6" box="[151,286,335,358]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Botys silicalis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE210B6FF8E821D7E48FE96FE48FEF7" author="Guenee M. A." box="[291,476,335,357]" page="349" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" year="1854">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8E821D7E48FE96FE38FEF6" author="Guenee M. A." box="[291,428,335,356]" editor="Boisduval J. B. A. D. de" journalOrPublisher="Species General des Lepidopteres 8" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" pagination="1 - 448" part="8" refString="Guenee M. A. 1854. Deltoides et Pyralites. Pp. 1 - 448. In: Boisduval J. B. A. D. de & Guenee M. A., Histoire naturelle des insectes. Species General des Lepidopteres 8 8. Roret, Paris." title="Deltoides et Pyralites. Pp" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Histoire naturelle des insectes" year="1854">Guenée, 1854</bibRefCitation>
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: 349
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8E821D7FFCFEB5FDD2FE10" blockId="50.[151,747,335,415]" box="[151,582,364,386]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB531189FF8E821D7FFCFEB5FDD2FE10" box="[151,582,364,386]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8E821D7FFCFEB5FE06FE13" authority="Guenee" authorityName="Guenee" box="[151,402,364,385]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Sylepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silicalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
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||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7FFCFEB5FEBBFE13" box="[151,303,364,385]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Sylepta silicalis</emphasis>
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||
(Guenée)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE210B6FF8E821D7EF1FEB5FDD6FE10" author="Schaus W." box="[410,578,364,386]" page="29" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" year="1923">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8E821D7EF1FEB5FD8AFE10" author="Schaus W." box="[410,542,364,386]" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica 5" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" pagination="22 - 48" part="2" refString="Schaus W. 1923. Galapagos Heterocera with descriptions of new species. Zoologica 5 (2): 22 - 48, 2 pl." title="Galapagos Heterocera with descriptions of new species" type="journal article" year="1923">Schaus, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 29
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8E821D7FFCFE50FD7FFE0C" blockId="50.[151,747,335,415]" box="[151,747,393,415]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8E821D7FFCFE50FE21FE0C" authority="Guenee" authorityName="Guenee" box="[151,437,393,414]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Pleuroptya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silicalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7FFCFE50FEC6FE0C" box="[151,338,393,414]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Pleuroptya silicalis</emphasis>
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(Guenée)
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</taxonomicName>
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||
:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8E821D7ED5FE50FD73FE0C" author="Roque-Albelo L. & Landry B." box="[446,743,393,415]" editor="Bungartz F." journalOrPublisher="Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundacion Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" pagination="2015" part="30" publicationUrl="http://www.darwinfoundation" refString="Roque-Albelo L., Landry B. 2015. Lepidoptera. In: Bungartz F., Herrera H., Jaramillo P., Tirado N., Jimenez-Uzcategui G., Ruiz D., Guezou A., Ziemmeck F. (eds.). Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galapagos de la Fundacion Charles Darwin. Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundacion Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos: http: // www. darwinfoundation. org / datazone / checklists / terrestrial-invertebrates / Last updated 30 November 2015." title="Lepidoptera" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galapagos de la Fundacion Charles Darwin" year="2015">Roque-Albelo & Landry, 2015</bibRefCitation>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C359652CFF8E821D7FFCFE1DFD1FFA8D" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8E821D7FFCFE1DFEFBFE49" blockId="50.[151,757,452,1311]" box="[151,367,452,475]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">
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<heading id="D0B481CBFF8E821D7FFCFE1DFEFBFE49" bold="true" box="[151,367,452,475]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" reason="6">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7FFCFE1DFEFBFE49" bold="true" box="[151,367,452,475]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Material examined</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8E821D7FFCFE3FFD1FFA8D" blockId="50.[151,757,452,1311]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">
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<materialsCitation id="3B2B3CFAFF8E821D7FFCFE3FFD74FE6F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324016928" box="[151,736,484,509]" collectionCode="BMNH" country="French Guyana" location="Cayenne" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7FFCFE3FFF6BFE6F" box="[151,255,486,509]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">
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<typeStatus id="54F88805FF8E821D7FFCFE3FFF6BFE6F" box="[151,255,486,509]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF8E821D7E66FE3CFEB5FE6E" box="[269,289,485,508]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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from
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8E821D7E09FE3DFD9DFE6F" box="[354,521,484,509]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">French Guyana</collectingCountry>
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,
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<location id="8E9C607CFF8E821D7D78FE3CFDE4FE6F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EA87B1FF8E821D7FB5FED8FABAFA9A:8E9C607CFF8E821D7D78FE3CFDE4FE6F" box="[531,624,485,509]" country="French Guyana" name="Cayenne" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Cayenne</location>
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FF8E821D7D14FE3CFD41FE6F" box="[639,725,485,509]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">BMNH</collectionCode>
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).
|
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</materialsCitation>
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7FFCFDDDFED9FD8F" box="[151,333,516,541]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Other specimens</emphasis>
|
||
:
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||
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF8E821D7E35FDDCFE02FD8E" box="[350,406,517,541]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" type="male">27 ♂</specimenCount>
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,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF8E821D7ECCFDDDFE4BFD8E" box="[423,479,516,540]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" type="female">26 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 53 of undetermined sex from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8E821D7E6EFDFDFE46FDA9" box="[261,466,548,571]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Galápagos Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
: –
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7E97FDFDFDEEFDA9" box="[508,634,548,571]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Fernandina</emphasis>
|
||
: SW side, crater rim, GPS:
|
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elev[ation].,
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,
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. –
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<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8E821D7E07FDBDFE2FFDE9" box="[364,443,612,635]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Isabela" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7E07FDBDFE2FFDE9" box="[364,443,612,635]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Isabela</emphasis>
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:
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|
||
N S[an]to Tómas, Agr[iculture]. Zone;
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8E821D7EE9FD5CFE5EFD0E" box="[386,458,645,669]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" unit="km" value="11.0">11 km</quantity>
|
||
N Puerto Villamil; Sierra Negra, pampa zone,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8E821D7E14FD7CFE4CFD2F" box="[383,472,677,701]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
|
||
; Alcedo, NE slope, GPS:
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8E821D7FFCFD1CFF4BFD4F" box="[151,223,709,733]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.92" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" unit="m" value="292.0">292 m</quantity>
|
||
elev.;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE775060FF8E821D7E47FD1CFE5EFD4F" box="[300,458,709,733]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" precision="1" value="-0.39715">S 00° 23.829’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE775060FF8E821D7EB3FD1FFD14FD4E" box="[472,640,709,733]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" precision="1" value="-91.032616">W 91° 01.957’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; V[olcan]. Darwin,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8E821D7F97FD3FFED2FD6F" box="[252,326,742,766]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
|
||
elev.; ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8E821D7EDCFD3CFD96FD6E" box="[439,514,741,764]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
|
||
N P[uer]to Villamil; Alcedo, lado NE,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8E821D7E03FCDFFE27FC8F" box="[360,435,774,798]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
|
||
, camp pega-pega; NE slope Alcedo, Los Guayabillos camp, GPS:
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8E821D7D20FCFCFD00FCAF" box="[587,660,805,829]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.69" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" unit="m" value="869.0">869 m</quantity>
|
||
elev.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE775060FF8E821D7D8EFCFFFE8FFCCE" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" precision="1" value="-0.41626665">S 00° 24.976’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE775060FF8E821D7E43FC9FFE5BFCCE" box="[296,463,837,862]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" precision="1" value="-91.07695">W 91° 04.617’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; V. Darwin,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8E821D7D35FC9FFD26FCCF" box="[606,690,838,862]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
|
||
elev.; Alcedo, lado NE,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8E821D7E37FCBFFE3BFCEF" box="[348,431,870,894]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
|
||
, cumbre, caseta. –
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8E821D7DEBFCBCFD79FCEE" box="[640,749,869,892]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Marchena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7DEBFCBCFD79FCEE" box="[640,749,869,892]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Marchena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: [no precise locality]. –
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7EDCFC5FFE65FC0F" box="[439,497,902,925]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Pinta</emphasis>
|
||
: Plaja Ibbeston [sic];
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8E821D7FFCFC7FFF49FC2F" box="[151,221,934,958]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
|
||
elev.;
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8E821D7E43FC7FFEFBFC2F" box="[296,367,934,958]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
|
||
elev. –
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8E821D7EA2FC7CFDE5FC2E" authority="Tourist" authorityName="Tourist" box="[457,625,933,957]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ictaluridae" genus="Rabida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7EA2FC7CFD82FC2E" box="[457,534,933,956]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Rábida</emphasis>
|
||
: Tourist
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
trail. –
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8E821D7DA7FC7FFF68FC4E" country="Dominican Republic" name="San Cristobal" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8E821D7DA7FC7FFF68FC4E" name="Saint Kitts and Nevis" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7DA7FC7FFF68FC4E" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">San Cristóbal</emphasis>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Chatham [no precise locality];
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8E821D7D3AFC1FFD12FC4E" box="[593,646,965,990]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
|
||
SE P[uer] to Baquarizo [sic]. –
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7EEEFC3FFE6BFC6F" box="[389,511,998,1021]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8E821D7EEEFC3FFE6BFC6F" box="[389,511,998,1021]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: [no precise locality]; Indefatigable [no precise locality]; Charles Darwin Research Station;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FF8E821D7E30FBFFFE37FBAC" box="[347,419,1062,1086]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rhcv-mdhf" name="Invertebrate Collection" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">CDRS</collectionCode>
|
||
, arid zone; Finca Vilema,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8E821D7DD6FBFFFD60FBAE" box="[701,756,1061,1086]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
|
||
W Bella Vista; Horneman Farm,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8E821D7D4AFB9FFDE4FBCC" box="[545,624,1094,1118]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
|
||
; Horneman Farm,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8E821D7F8BFBBFFEBEFBEC" box="[224,298,1126,1150]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" unit="m" value="220.0">220 m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8E821D7E53FBBEFE1FFBED" box="[312,395,1127,1151]" name="Haiti" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Tortuga</collectingCountry>
|
||
Re[serve]. W S[an]ta Rosa; Los Gemelos; Media Luna, pampa zone. –
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7D28FB5EFD36FB0C" box="[579,674,1159,1182]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8E821D7D28FB5EFD36FB0C" box="[579,674,1159,1182]" country="Philippines" name="Santiago" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Santiago</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: James [no precise locality];
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8E821D7E10FB7FFDA4FB2F" authority="Espumilla" authorityName="Espumilla" box="[379,560,1190,1213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bahia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8E821D7E10FB7FFE2DFB2F" box="[379,441,1190,1213]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Bahía</collectingRegion>
|
||
Espumilla
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Cerro Inn;
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8E821D7DDBFB7FFD60FB2C" box="[688,756,1190,1214]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
|
||
elev.; Aguacate [camp],
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8E821D7EC0FB1FFE61FB4C" box="[427,501,1222,1246]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" unit="m" value="520.0">520 m</quantity>
|
||
elev.;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8E821D7D2CFB1FFD02FB4F" box="[583,662,1222,1245]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Central" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Central</collectingRegion>
|
||
[camp],
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8E821D7FFCFB3EFF4FFB6C" box="[151,219,1255,1279]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</quantity>
|
||
elev.; Jaboncillo [camp], ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8E821D7D6EFB3FFDDDFB6C" box="[517,585,1254,1278]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" unit="m" value="850.0">850 m</quantity>
|
||
elev. Deposited in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FF8E821D7FDAFADEFE91FA8D" box="[177,261,1287,1311]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FF8E821D7E7BFADEFED2FA8D" box="[272,326,1287,1311]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">CAS</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FF8E821D7E3AFADEFE0DFA8D" box="[337,409,1287,1311]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rhcv-mdhf" name="Invertebrate Collection" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">CDRS</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FF8E821D7ECFFADEFE49FA8D" box="[420,477,1287,1311]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">CNC</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FF8E821D7E83FADEFDA8FA8D" box="[488,572,1287,1311]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">MHNG</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FF8E821D7D2CFADEFD13FA8D" box="[583,647,1287,1311]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34778" name="Royal Ontario Museum" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">ROM</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF8E821D7FFCFAECFF77F85F" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8E821D7FFCFAECFF77F85F" blockId="50.[151,756,1333,1997]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7FFCFAECFE9AFADE" bold="true" box="[151,270,1333,1356]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
This species can be separated from the other
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8E821D7FFCFA8CFE9CFAFE" box="[151,264,1365,1388]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
Spilomelinae by its pale buff, lustrous and concolourous wings with very faint markings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A22FF8E821D7DF7FAACFD78FA1C" box="[668,748,1397,1422]" captionStart="Figs 41 - 48" captionStartId="17.[151,192,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[243,1344,281,1791]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[203,1384,257,1831]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figs 41 - 48. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (41, 42) Omiodes indicata. (41) ♂, Galápagos, Tagus Cove, emerged ex pupa on Desmodium glabrum, 20 - 25. v. 1992, MHNG. (42) ♀, Galápagos, Pinta, ± 50 m, 20. iii. 1992, MHNG. (43) Patania silicalis ♀, Galápagos, Alcedo, NE slope, 292 m, 30. iii. 2004, MHNG. (44, 45) Penestola bufalis. (44) ♂, Galápagos, Santiago, Cerro Inn, 28. iii. 1992, MHNG. (45) ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, CDRS, wall of Inverts. lab., 11 m, 6. iv. 2004, MHNG. (46, 47) Pilocrocis ramentalis. (46) ♂, Venezuela, Aragua, PN H. - Pittier, Estacion Rancho Grande, 1100 m, 15. vii. 2009, MHNG. (47) ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, E. C. C. D., 6. iii. 1992, MHNG. (48) Psara chathamalis ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, Bahía Conway, 14. iv. 1992, MHNG." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162858/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
|
||
) and a wingspan of
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8E821D7E16FA4FFE63FA3F" box="[381,503,1430,1454]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" unit="mm" value="23.0" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="19.0">19-27 mm</quantity>
|
||
. It is most similar to more poorly marked specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8E821D7D4EFA6EFF62FA7E" authority="Schaus" authorityName="Schaus" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Psara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chathamalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7D4EFA6EFD60FA5E" box="[549,756,1461,1486]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Psara chathamalis</emphasis>
|
||
(Schaus)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A22FF8E821D7E60FA0CFEF5FA7C" box="[267,353,1493,1518]" captionStart="Figs 41 - 48" captionStartId="17.[151,192,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[243,1344,281,1791]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[203,1384,257,1831]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figs 41 - 48. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (41, 42) Omiodes indicata. (41) ♂, Galápagos, Tagus Cove, emerged ex pupa on Desmodium glabrum, 20 - 25. v. 1992, MHNG. (42) ♀, Galápagos, Pinta, ± 50 m, 20. iii. 1992, MHNG. (43) Patania silicalis ♀, Galápagos, Alcedo, NE slope, 292 m, 30. iii. 2004, MHNG. (44, 45) Penestola bufalis. (44) ♂, Galápagos, Santiago, Cerro Inn, 28. iii. 1992, MHNG. (45) ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, CDRS, wall of Inverts. lab., 11 m, 6. iv. 2004, MHNG. (46, 47) Pilocrocis ramentalis. (46) ♂, Venezuela, Aragua, PN H. - Pittier, Estacion Rancho Grande, 1100 m, 15. vii. 2009, MHNG. (47) ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, E. C. C. D., 6. iii. 1992, MHNG. (48) Psara chathamalis ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, Bahía Conway, 14. iv. 1992, MHNG." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162858/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
|
||
), but the stigma at the end of the forewing cell is a thin lunule in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8E821D7D71FA2EFD1BF99E" box="[538,655,1525,1550]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Pleuroptya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silicalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7D71FA2EFD1BF99E" box="[538,655,1525,1550]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">P. silicalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
whereas it is thicker, quadrangular, and often pale centred in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8E821D7FFCF9EEFEA8F9DF" box="[151,316,1590,1614]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Psara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chathamalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7FFCF9EEFEA8F9DF" box="[151,316,1590,1614]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">P. chathamalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Also, in the latter, there is usually a smaller rounded spot anteriorly in the cell, absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8E821D7FFCF9AEFE9CF91F" box="[151,264,1654,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Pleuroptya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silicalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7FFCF9AEFE9CF91F" box="[151,264,1654,1678]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">P. silicalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Some more uniformly coloured and poorly marked specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8E821D7EC6F94FFD60F93F" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" box="[429,756,1686,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Asciodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quietalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7EC6F94FFD14F93F" box="[429,640,1686,1709]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Asciodes quietalis</emphasis>
|
||
(Walker)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A22FF8E821D7FF4F96FFF70F95F" box="[159,228,1718,1741]" captionStart="Figs 1 - 8" captionStartId="7.[151,192,1911,1932]" captionTargetBox="[230,1353,265,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[196,1392,257,1850]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs 1 - 8. Galápagos specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (1) Agathodes designalis ♀, Isabela, Alcedo, cumbre, 1100 m, 17. iv. 2002, MHNG. (2, 3) Agathodes galapagensis. (2) ♂ holotype, MHNG. (3) ♀ paratype, Santa Cruz, transition zone, recently cut road, 12. iii. 2004, MHNG. (4 - 6) Asciodes quietalis. (4) ♀, Alcedo, NE slope, 292 m, 30. iii. 2004, MHNG. (5) ♀, Santa Cruz, transition zone, recently cut road, 12. iii. 2004, MHNG. (6) ♂, Santa Cruz, E. C. C. D., 4. iii. 1992, MHNG. (7, 8) Beebea guglielmi. (7) ♂, Santa Cruz, CDRS, 14. iv. 1975, BMNH ©, the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London. (8) ♀, Albermarle I., Cowley Mtn., 2. x. 1906, CAS." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162853/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) may appear similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8E821D7E91F96EFDF9F95F" box="[506,621,1718,1742]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Pleuroptya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silicalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7E91F96EFDF9F95F" box="[506,621,1718,1742]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">P. silicalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but on the forewing. quietalis always shows two spots in the cell and the submedian and postmedian lines are strongly zigzagged, and in the hindwing the margin at the termen is darker than the base of the wing. The generally darker and smaller
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8E821D7E40F881FD60F8FD" authority="Guenee" authorityName="Guenee" box="[299,756,1878,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Herpetogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phaeopteralis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7E40F881FD15F8FF" box="[299,641,1878,1903]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Herpetogramma phaeopteralis</emphasis>
|
||
(Guenée)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(wingspan
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8E821D7E7FF8AFFE0BF81D" box="[276,415,1910,1935]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.025" metricValueMax="2.25" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" unit="mm" value="20.25" valueMax="22.5" valueMin="18.0">18-22.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A22FF8E821D7ED0F8AFFDD6F81D" box="[443,578,1910,1935]" captionStart="Figs 17 - 24" captionStartId="11.[151,192,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[247,1334,276,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[206,1381,257,1824]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs 17 - 24. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (17) Diaphania nitidalis ♀, Brazil, Bahía, Camacan, Res. Serra Bonita, 800 m, 8. iv. 2011, MHNG. (18) Ercta vittata ♂, Galápagos, Marchena, 12. iii. 1992, MHNG. (19) Herpetogramma bipunctalis ♂, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, CDRS, Barranco, 20 m, 30. iv. 2002, MHNG. (20, 21) Herpetogramma phaeopteralis. (20) ♂, Galápagos, Isabela, NE slope Alcedo, Los Guayabillos camp, 869 m, 2. iv. 2004, MHNG. (21) ♀, Galápagos, San Cristóbal, near La Loberia, sea level, 24. ii. 2005, MHNG. (22, 23) Hymenia perspectalis. (22) ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, Los Gemelos, 4. v. 2002, MHNG. (23) ♀, same locality, 27. v. 1992, MHNG. (24) Lineodes integra ♂, Pinta, Cabo Ibbetson, 8 m, MHNG." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162855/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Figs 20, 21</figureCitation>
|
||
) is also faintly marked, but the ground colour of the wings is greyish brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF8E821D7FFCF83FFAF8FE4C" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8E821D7FFCF83FFAF8FE4C" blockId="50.[151,756,2022,2078]" lastBlockId="50.[831,1437,258,478]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7FFCF83FFF63F86F" bold="true" box="[151,247,2022,2045]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Biology:</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8E821D7E6AF83FFE6AF86C" author="Robinson G. S. & Ackery P. R. & Kitching I. J. & Beccaloni G. W. & Hernandez L. M." box="[257,510,2022,2046]" journalOrPublisher="a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" publicationUrl="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/researchcuration/research/projects/hostplants" refString="Robinson G. S., Ackery P. R., Kitching I. J., Beccaloni G. W., Hernandez L. M. 2014. HOSTS - a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. http: // www. nhm. ac. uk / researchcuration / research / projects / hostplants /" title="HOSTS" type="book" year="2014">
|
||
Robinson
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7E18F83EFE39F86F" box="[371,429,2022,2046]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
report the larval host plants as three species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8E821D7E97F7DFFDFBF78F" box="[508,623,2054,2077]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Urticaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
as well as one species each in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8E821D7B24FEDBFB51FE8B" box="[1103,1221,258,281]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Araliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8E821D7BB8FEDBFAF2FE8B" box="[1235,1382,258,281]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="family">Cecropiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8E821D7C54FEFBFC76FEAB" box="[831,994,290,313]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyctaginaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Nyctaginaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8E821D7C98FEFDFB33FEA9" author="Heppner J. B." bookContentInfo="670 pp." box="[1011,1191,291,315]" journalOrPublisher="Arthropods of Florida and neighbouring land areas 17" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" refString="Heppner J. B. 2003. Lepidoptera of Florida. Part 1. Introduction and catalog. Arthropods of Florida and neighbouring land areas 17: 670 pp." title="Lepidoptera of Florida. Part 1. Introduction and catalog" type="book" year="2003">Heppner (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
adds two species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8E821D7C1BFE9AFB8AFEC8" box="[880,1054,323,346]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Convolvulaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and one in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8E821D7B84FE9AFA0DFEC8" box="[1263,1433,323,346]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phytolaccaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Phytolaccaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8E821D7CF4FEBAFB86FEE8" box="[927,1042,355,378]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
specimens have been collected from sea level to the summit of Fernandina at
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8E821D7A23FE5CFA09FE0E" box="[1352,1437,389,413]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.341" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" unit="m" value="1341.0">1341 m</quantity>
|
||
in elevation in a diverse range of habitats, from anthropized to pristine, and from January until May.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF8E821D7C54FE2DFBF2FC9D" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8E821D7C54FE2DFBF2FC9D" blockId="50.[831,1437,500,784]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7C54FE2DFC41FD99" bold="true" box="[831,981,500,523]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Based on specimens in the BMNH and MHNG this widespread
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8E821D7B3AFDCFFB3CFDBF" box="[1105,1192,534,557]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Western" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
Hemisphere native is present in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8E821D7CDEFDECFB9AFDDE" box="[949,1038,565,588]" name="Jamaica" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8E821D7B77FDECFBF9FDDE" box="[1052,1133,565,588]" name="Mexico" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8E821D7B77FDECFBF9FDDE" box="[1052,1133,565,588]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8E821D7B15FDECFB4DFDDE" box="[1150,1241,565,588]" country="Mexico" name="Tabasco" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Tabasco</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8E821D7B8CFDEFFADEFDDC" box="[1255,1354,566,590]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8E821D7A0BFDEFFCE7FDFF" name="Costa Rica" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8E821D7CEDFD8FFC6AFDFF" box="[902,1022,598,621]" name="Guatemala" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8E821D7CEDFD8FFC6AFDFF" box="[902,1022,598,621]" country="Guatemala" name="Guatemala" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Guatemala</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8E821D7B64FD8FFB15FDFF" box="[1039,1153,598,621]" name="Venezuela" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
, French
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8E821D7B80FD8EFAD6FDFD" box="[1259,1346,599,623]" name="Guyana" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8E821D7A3FFD8FFA0DFDFF" box="[1364,1433,598,621]" name="Brazil" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8E821D7C54FDAFFC05FD1F" box="[831,913,630,653]" name="Bolivia" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8E821D7CCEFDAFFB95FD1F" box="[933,1025,630,653]" name="Ecuador" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8E821D7B20FDA1FB14FD1D" box="[1099,1152,632,655]" name="Peru" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8E821D7BF9FDA1FA09FD1F" author="Patterson B." box="[1170,1437,630,655]" journalOrPublisher="North American Moth Photographers Group" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" publicationUrl="http://mothphotographersgroup.msstate.edu" refString="Patterson B. et al. 2015. North American Moth Photographers Group. http: // mothphotographersgroup. msstate. edu." title="et al" type="book" year="2015">
|
||
Patterson
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7A6DFDA1FAAAFD1F" box="[1286,1342,630,655]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
report it as widely distributed in the eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8E821D7A4FFD41FAC8FD22" box="[1316,1372,664,688]" name="United States of America" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8E821D7C54FD6EFC19FD5C" box="[831,909,695,718]" country="Uruguay" name="Florida" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8E821D7CD3FD6EFC69FD5C" box="[952,1021,695,718]" country="United States of America" name="Maine" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Maine</collectingRegion>
|
||
in the north. It is widespread in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8E821D7C54FD01FC25FD7D" box="[831,945,728,751]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
archipelago as attest the seven islands of occurrence recorded above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF8E821D7C54FCF0FABAFA9A" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8E821D7C54FCF0FABAFA9A" blockId="50.[831,1437,808,1288]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7C54FCF0FC25FCD3" bold="true" box="[831,945,809,833]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
The species was described from ‘Deux
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF8E821D7AEAFCF0FA01FCD2" box="[1409,1429,809,832]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, une
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF8E821D7C06FC93FC15FCF3" box="[877,897,842,865]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
’ from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8E821D7CA0FC91FB98FCCD" box="[971,1036,840,863]" name="Brazil" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Cayenne,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8E821D7BC6FC91FADAFCCD" box="[1197,1358,840,863]" name="French Guiana" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8E821D7BC6FC91FADAFCCD" box="[1197,1358,840,863]" country="France" name="Guyane" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">French Guiana</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
. I have compared one of my dissected
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8E821D7BFDFCB0FA93FC12" box="[1174,1287,873,896]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
specimens to the male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F88805FF8E821D7CCDFC50FB9CFC32" box="[934,1032,905,928]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
from French
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8E821D7BC9FC53FB61FC30" box="[1186,1269,906,930]" name="Guyana" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the BMNH. The genitalia of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F88805FF8E821D7B7CFC73FBEDFC53" box="[1047,1145,938,961]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
appear bigger, but they are crushed on the slide. My
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8E821D7B33FC13FB5DFC73" box="[1112,1225,970,993]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
specimen is nearly identical in genitalia to another specimen, from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8E821D7A2DFC32FA08FB90" box="[1350,1436,1003,1026]" name="Jamaica" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
(slide BM 6445), identified by I.W.B. Nye as this species. This species has been recorded before under genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8E821D7CE2FB95FB38FBF7" authority="Meyrick, 1890" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1890" box="[905,1196,1100,1125]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Pleuroptya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7CE2FB95FC6BFBF1" box="[905,1023,1100,1123]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Pleuroptya</emphasis>
|
||
Meyrick, 1890
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8E821D7B9AFB94FA05FBF1" author="Munroe E. G." box="[1265,1425,1100,1124]" editor="Heppner, J. B." journalOrPublisher="Hyblaeoidea - Pyraloidea - Tortricoidea" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" pagination="34 - 79" part="3" refString="Munroe E. G. 1995. Crambidae (Crambinae, Schoenobiinae, Cybalomiinae, Linostinae, Glaphyriinae, Dichogaminae, Scopariinae, Musotiminae, Midilinae, Nymphulinae, Odontiinae, Evergestinae, Pyraustinae). Pp. 34 - 79. In: Heppner, J. B., Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea - Pyraloidea - Tortricoidea 3. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera & Scientific Publishers, Gainesville." title="Crambidae (Crambinae, Schoenobiinae, Cybalomiinae, Linostinae, Glaphyriinae, Dichogaminae, Scopariinae, Musotiminae, Midilinae, Nymphulinae, Odontiinae, Evergestinae, Pyraustinae). Pp" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Checklist: Part 2" year="1995">Munroe, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8E821D7C54FBB4FBE5FB16" author="Kirti J. S. & Gill N. S." box="[831,1137,1133,1158]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Entomological Research, New Delhi" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" pagination="265 - 275" part="31" refString="Kirti J. S. & Gill N. S. 2007. Revival of genus Patania Moore and reporting of a new species menoni (Pyraustinae: Pyralidae: Lepidoptera). Journal of Entomological Research, New Delhi 31 (3): 265 - 275." title="Revival of genus Patania Moore and reporting of a new species menoni (Pyraustinae: Pyralidae: Lepidoptera)" type="journal article" year="2007">Kirti & Gill (2007: 265)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8E821D7A4EFBB4FA09FB16" box="[1317,1437,1133,1156]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Pleuroptya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7A4EFBB4FA09FB16" box="[1317,1437,1133,1156]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Pleuroptya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8E821D7C13FB56FBB4FB37" authority="Moore" authorityName="Moore" box="[888,1056,1166,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Patania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7C13FB56FC58FB34" box="[888,972,1167,1190]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Patania</emphasis>
|
||
Moore
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but these authors did not take the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8E821D7C54FB76FC02FB54" box="[831,918,1199,1222]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Western" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
Hemisphere species into consideration and thus did not formalize the combination of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8E821D7B85FB09FAF5FB77" box="[1262,1377,1230,1255]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Pleuroptya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silicalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7B85FB09FAF5FB77" box="[1262,1377,1230,1255]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">P. silicalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8E821D7C54FB29FC07FA95" box="[831,915,1264,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Patania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7C54FB29FC07FA95" box="[831,915,1264,1287]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Patania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(J. Hayden & R. Mally, pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |