346 lines
45 KiB
XML
346 lines
45 KiB
XML
<document id="EEA2D67A483B667EEEB2E71F6AEBE535" ID-CLB-Dataset="54659" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5301.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8f435d84-841b-4f06-be30-a4a311413096" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8030308" ID-ZooBank="FB286010-11FD-48A0-803F-0F86F8B4B429" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1686604151302" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Srinivasulu, Aditya, Srinivasulu, Bhargavi, Kusuminda, Tharaka, Amarasinghe, Chamara, Ukuwela, Kanishka D. B., Karunarathna, Mathisha, Mannakkara, Amani, Yapa, Wipula B. & Srinivasulu, Chelmala" docDate="2023" docId="03E987E7A049FF97FF33FB68FDBEFAD5" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5301.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5301 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.2.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rhinolophus beddomei subsp. beddomei K. Andersen 1905" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="211" masterDocId="FFD0FF9FA041FF9BFFA4FFA6FFE4FF97" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic status of the Lesser Woolly Horseshoe bats (Chiroptera, Rhinolophidae Rhinolophus beddomei) in peninsular India and Sri Lanka" masterLastPageNumber="218" masterPageNumber="199" pageNumber="207" updateTime="1699523055604" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
|
|
<mods:mods id="7AD1D8FC7FFA512699E1D390E3B569C3" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="1AD524DCDFA96CAA7F7D02AFF5E93C4F">
|
|
<mods:title id="883234CE5D673B6ACC26CC1F7FB642D6">Taxonomic status of the Lesser Woolly Horseshoe bats (Chiroptera, Rhinolophidae Rhinolophus beddomei) in peninsular India and Sri Lanka</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name id="7C3A104B25D06C4F56E438287B9E9876" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="B039D273B10B1D7CA4D951A68FC76480">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="5EB25FBF2ED311BB2A1133911479C5EE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="C6616936AD0669CB525D00335C920D00">Srinivasulu, Aditya</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="C61254F57C87ADF89754BDA1EEC52C19">Ecology and Conservation Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="C6860520409357ABAADA48238AEEA01E" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="CDE8BF9EC4D195D787D928844AE50FDF">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="C69BAA302EAEBA750D002190EA7C8959">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="B95B67D05EDB9A6F9FBAB52F46A092D8">Srinivasulu, Bhargavi</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="F8FB655760022CA737AEB6D56FD23D45">Wildlife Biology and Taxonomy Lab, Department of Zoology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500007, India & Systematics, Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Zoo Outreach Organization, 96, Kumudham Nagar, Vilankurichi Road, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, India</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="04374CDD8FFBE00F1D7A3E5040620424" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="3068E859C91A73EA997EF31F43218F1A">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="06147570316898AAC9E2B5CDDB8757F2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="96A20D747DD44319D934221A0C64CF7D">Kusuminda, Tharaka</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="F8AA4E0767B266ACD94141D4EEB1DAC7">Department of Agricultural Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Mapalana, Kamburupitiya, Sri Lanka</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="86B1DFE5CB1BBF34980F0DB0E611697B" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="7245D2BE64FA6D4FDF110689E514756F">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="BBC706386FE26C4AAF0346D79F4FF2B4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="A55B016A6EF253593502E93D5BD416A4">Amarasinghe, Chamara</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="45C9AB774E67675467D2867B36AFE3C1">Department of Zoology and Environment Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="F6485112A1A0BD597664DA3E045B176E" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="F47F44202EB5120C730B5376B6696DC8">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="B8312BB027E3044EF0FB724014BDAF30">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="2A67CBFD6B6E95AA9BF15A9ADB212247">Ukuwela, Kanishka D. B.</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="2206A74EE2BF2DC72C32F04DCF19CC6F">Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale, Sri Lanka</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="482959C2A1D9E1A57B3A25DA2E286213" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="CCAAFB76B86C6A78E7B7E558E900E749">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="21B1258BBE2D0B5CA9C31F7D7C48C889">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="4B3D6FF50425A04032721A57DBE6A29E">Karunarathna, Mathisha</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="2DEE5F25FD2D33B934180E62D21107F5">Sandaraja Wana Arana, Dotel Oya, Aranayaka, Sri Lanka</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="AE92C1EEDFC4C4A57AEE7DFB678850F8" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="62357133BBFA57C64FEE786966ABEC2C">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="04BD3C4940180CC2BA1826F7CF69B219">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="EA458E1C2F36B134947197DA1E2C785A">Mannakkara, Amani</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="25CF00701D0637AD196AB7D99C437E45">Department of Agricultural Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Mapalana, Kamburupitiya, Sri Lanka</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="2DF3A3DD5A5F8BDD3688D0F38C6F5508" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="5EAF3C621E6A784AB579B17EEA88943E">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="D576139FE074B53309EED47BA175034A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="CB1D4B1B86BFC39C5DE581118EDBDEF6">Yapa, Wipula B.</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="BD5ACA2986E2EAA24839DC7568448A33">Department of Zoology and Environment Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="6FD4FC4B5489887E73AE56A9999B47F3" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="0B17962683ACEBEE5EBFAFE0814E936E">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="65D48069D38415DC46EE116E02644B63">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="D34AD93EEFDE168044615A8C415A2C0E">Srinivasulu, Chelmala</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="A7C9B6161695345794F6CE5F849F02EF">Wildlife Biology and Taxonomy Lab, Department of Zoology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500007, India & Systematics, Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Zoo Outreach Organization, 96, Kumudham Nagar, Vilankurichi Road, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, India & Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Studies, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500007, India</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource id="0294F101F742AEA51839C6069DF29E9C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem id="52A4D5D01383B86107CCE6A1F60EBC37" type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="7A1AF4AC9E563BC30A31A09250531B49">
|
|
<mods:title id="6A47B8FF596E11CCD8156A69A0647008">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part id="90ADA4B737899C86CE773F41D7E62362">
|
|
<mods:date id="736039549B131DCFF25B657966D8AF43">2023</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail id="6995A944E0BEB7F81CD868144534ECF0" type="pubDate">
|
|
<mods:number id="7365657D85C9C07B40B97A2CC0C4DA7A">2023-06-09</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail id="D1FB7C5AA211F098FD003138F66A338F" type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number id="27B688289E490AA7F9F2A01FD242B940">5301</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail id="96009CF206D9BE5BE09C6252AE562B76" type="issue">
|
|
<mods:number id="84DD3E621C3DF15216DD13642BD2C62F">2</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent id="7E6FE7E349FE14A8CC6404E0AEEF8BBB" unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start id="CEF91A44FD88DB704F46C150FA00C49E">199</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end id="681A33946E817942110210B3C05CE4BE">218</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location id="DC4A8EF4CA5D8B3B3F26BFDCAE0E750E">
|
|
<mods:url id="25D68B8EDD58F12E54E461744D83B7D6">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.2.3</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification id="52E02300C31427E295489C9668A77D4B">journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="1E1EA8DA617F2885EFED6244FF1E0525" type="CLB-Dataset">54659</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="F26D260570C36CC56C4B902AAF93D941" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5301.2.3</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="D55A84349B5C7A3DDA0E1C6E7E4A44AC" type="GBIF-Dataset">8f435d84-841b-4f06-be30-a4a311413096</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="3B4466AED1A1430F2F0BE38137686982" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="D5C61F19445ABCE9ADBF962E47A4FF8A" type="Zenodo-Dep">8030308</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="036EA60C9A254AD0A971136ACA4E7483" type="ZooBank">FB286010-11FD-48A0-803F-0F86F8B4B429</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment id="03E987E7A049FF97FF33FB68FDBEFAD5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030324" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209686594" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8030324" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E987E7A049FF97FF33FB68FDBEFAD5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E987E7A049FF97FF33FB68FDBEFAD5" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="211" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">
|
|
<subSubSection id="C35A657AA049FF93FF33FB68FDCEFB7E" box="[151,554,1230,1257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="207" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BFF36F1A049FF93FF33FB68FDCEFB7E" blockId="8.[151,554,1230,1257]" box="[151,554,1230,1257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">
|
|
<heading id="D0B7819DA049FF93FF33FB68FDCEFB7E" bold="true" box="[151,554,1230,1257]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="207" reason="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C404D72A049FF93FF33FB68FDCEFB7E" ID-CoL="5KW8P" ID-ENA="3044306" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,554,1230,1257]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="207" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="beddomei" subSpecies="beddomei">
|
|
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A049FF93FF33FB68FDCEFB7E" bold="true" box="[151,554,1230,1257]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">Rhinolophus beddomei beddomei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C35A657AA049FF93FF33FAB5FC6CFABC" box="[151,904,1299,1323]" pageId="8" pageNumber="207" type="reference_group">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BFF36F1A049FF93FF33FAB5FC6CFABC" blockId="8.[151,904,1299,1354]" box="[151,904,1299,1323]" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C404D72A049FF93FF33FAB5FDC5FABC" ID-CoL="4S964" authority="Andersen 1905" authorityName="Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,545,1299,1323]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="207" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beddomei">
|
|
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A049FF93FF33FAB5FE64FABC" box="[151,384,1299,1323]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">Rhinolophus beddomei</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B00A049FF93FE21FAB5FDC5FABC" author="Andersen, K." box="[389,545,1299,1323]" pageId="8" pageNumber="207" pagination="243 - 257" refId="ref9235" refString="Andersen, K. (1905) On the Rhinolophus philippinensis group and five new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 16 (7), 243 - 257." type="journal article" year="1905">Andersen 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, Wynaad, Madras (=
|
|
<collectingRegion id="4984F813A049FF93FD56FAB5FCDFFABC" box="[754,827,1299,1323]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
|
),
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3577661A049FF93FCE9FAB5FC60FABC" box="[845,900,1299,1323]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">India</collectingCountry>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C35A657AA049FF93FF33FA94FE2FFADE" box="[151,459,1330,1354]" pageId="8" pageNumber="207" type="vernacular_names">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BFF36F1A049FF93FF33FA94FE2FFADE" blockId="8.[151,904,1299,1354]" box="[151,459,1330,1354]" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">Lesser Woolly Horseshoe Bat.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C35A657AA049FF91FF33FADEFC27F83E" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="209" pageId="8" pageNumber="207" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BFF36F1A049FF91FF33FADEFC8BFB06" blockId="8.[151,1437,1400,2039]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,1034,1961]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="209" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">
|
|
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A049FF93FF33FADEFE6AFA05" bold="true" box="[151,398,1400,1426]" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">External characters:</emphasis>
|
|
A large-sized Rhinolophid belonging to trifoliatus group, with an average forearm length of 63.19 ±
|
|
<quantity id="4CB89B14A049FF93FF51FA3AFEB9FA20" box="[245,349,1436,1463]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.63" pageId="8" pageNumber="207" unit="mm" value="2.63">2.63 mm</quantity>
|
|
. Fur dense and woolly, dark grey in colour with pale hair tips. The hair is very densely arranged on the body both dorsally and ventrally. The extent of fur is little beyond the body and extends sparsely on to the interfemoral on the dorsal surface. Hair is seen on either side of the legs just above the knee area to upper half of the tibia. Ears tall (28.98 ±
|
|
<quantity id="4CB89B14A049FF93FE69F9AEFDD7F9B5" box="[461,563,1544,1570]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.04" pageId="8" pageNumber="207" unit="mm" value="2.04">2.04 mm</quantity>
|
|
) and broad with a pointed tip. Antitragus broad and tall and is half the height of the pinna. Ear has 12 ridges. Long dense hair covers half the pinna, the distal half has scattered hair and the extreme tip is devoid of any hair. A concavity is observed on the outer border just below the tip (
|
|
<figureCitation id="137B2A74A049FF93FB6BF9F6FAC5F9FC" box="[1231,1313,1616,1643]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1436,181,1898]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. External features of Rhinolophus b. beddomei [a—frontal view of noseleaf; b—lateral view of noseleaf depicting the sella; c—frontal view of head and ventral view of the sella; d—structure of the ear; e—closeup of the lower lip showing one mental groove; f—frontal view of penis; g—hind foot]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030318" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030318/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">Fig. 5a</figureCitation>
|
|
). Only one mental groove on the lower lip is seen (
|
|
<figureCitation id="137B2A74A049FF93FDF9F9D2FD56F918" box="[605,690,1652,1679]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1436,181,1898]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. External features of Rhinolophus b. beddomei [a—frontal view of noseleaf; b—lateral view of noseleaf depicting the sella; c—frontal view of head and ventral view of the sella; d—structure of the ear; e—closeup of the lower lip showing one mental groove; f—frontal view of penis; g—hind foot]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030318" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030318/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">Fig. 5b</figureCitation>
|
|
). The horseshoe is about
|
|
<quantity id="4CB89B14A049FF93FC76F9D2FBF0F918" box="[978,1044,1652,1679]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="207" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
|
broad and covers the whole of the muzzle completely. The median emargination is about
|
|
<quantity id="4CB89B14A049FF93FD5BF93EFCA4F924" box="[767,832,1688,1715]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="207" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
|
deep but does not divide the horseshoe into two. The outer borders of the horseshoe are wavy. Nostrils are large and teardrop shaped and placed very close to each other. The posterior borders of the internarial cup are upturned due to large size and placement of the nostrils (
|
|
<figureCitation id="137B2A74A049FF93FAA8F946FABAF96C" box="[1292,1374,1760,1787]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1436,181,1898]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. External features of Rhinolophus b. beddomei [a—frontal view of noseleaf; b—lateral view of noseleaf depicting the sella; c—frontal view of head and ventral view of the sella; d—structure of the ear; e—closeup of the lower lip showing one mental groove; f—frontal view of penis; g—hind foot]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030318" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030318/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">Fig. 5d</figureCitation>
|
|
). The base of the sella extends on either side and forms the basal lappets which are large and circular and hang over the internarial cup and the distal half of the narial openings. The sella forms a complex structure when viewed laterally and overhangs the internarial cup (
|
|
<figureCitation id="137B2A74A049FF93FDB0F8EAFD80F8F0" box="[532,612,1868,1895]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1436,181,1898]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. External features of Rhinolophus b. beddomei [a—frontal view of noseleaf; b—lateral view of noseleaf depicting the sella; c—frontal view of head and ventral view of the sella; d—structure of the ear; e—closeup of the lower lip showing one mental groove; f—frontal view of penis; g—hind foot]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030318" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030318/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">Fig. 5e</figureCitation>
|
|
). The inferior extremity of the sella is concave and slightly wavy. The sella is small about 40% the height of the lancet, has a broad base and is narrow distally (
|
|
<figureCitation id="137B2A74A049FF93FB89F8D6FB99F81C" box="[1069,1149,1904,1931]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1436,181,1898]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. External features of Rhinolophus b. beddomei [a—frontal view of noseleaf; b—lateral view of noseleaf depicting the sella; c—frontal view of head and ventral view of the sella; d—structure of the ear; e—closeup of the lower lip showing one mental groove; f—frontal view of penis; g—hind foot]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030318" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030318/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="207">Fig. 5c</figureCitation>
|
|
). The superior connecting process of the sella broadly rounded off. The lancet is about
|
|
<quantity id="4CB89B14A049FF93FC9EF832FC9FF838" box="[826,891,1940,1967]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="207" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
|
tall and ends with a narrowly rounded tip. In the wing the third metacarpal is shorter than the fourth metacarpal and the fifth metacarpals (42.71 ±
|
|
<quantity id="4CB89B14A049FF93FB66F81EFAC0F844" box="[1218,1316,1976,2003]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="207" unit="mm" value="0.78">0.78 mm</quantity>
|
|
vs 50.38 ±
|
|
<quantity id="4CB89B14A049FF93FF33F87AFF1DF860" box="[151,249,2012,2039]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.11" pageId="8" pageNumber="207" unit="mm" value="2.11">2.11 mm</quantity>
|
|
and 49.87 ±
|
|
<quantity id="4CB89B14A049FF93FE2EF87AFE16F861" box="[394,498,2012,2038]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.99" pageId="8" pageNumber="207" unit="mm" value="1.99">1.99 mm</quantity>
|
|
). The first and the second phalanges are 57.57% and 76.75% of the third metacarpal respectively. Penis is thick, short and has a groove just below its tip, which is broadly rounded off (
|
|
<figureCitation id="137B2A74A04BFF91FAAFFBADFAB8FBB2" box="[1291,1372,1034,1061]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1436,181,1898]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. External features of Rhinolophus b. beddomei [a—frontal view of noseleaf; b—lateral view of noseleaf depicting the sella; c—frontal view of head and ventral view of the sella; d—structure of the ear; e—closeup of the lower lip showing one mental groove; f—frontal view of penis; g—hind foot]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030318" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030318/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">Fig. 5f</figureCitation>
|
|
). The wing membranes essentially naked with sparse and scattered hair. On the ventral surface the membranes have scattered sparse hair. Face and noseleaf very hairy. Feet hairy and large. Wings attached to the base of the first toe and the interfemoral membrane is attached to the ankle (
|
|
<figureCitation id="137B2A74A04BFF91FCAAFBD1FC86FB06" box="[782,866,1142,1169]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1436,181,1898]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. External features of Rhinolophus b. beddomei [a—frontal view of noseleaf; b—lateral view of noseleaf depicting the sella; c—frontal view of head and ventral view of the sella; d—structure of the ear; e—closeup of the lower lip showing one mental groove; f—frontal view of penis; g—hind foot]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030318" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030318/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">
|
|
Fig.
|
|
<quantity id="4CB89B14A04BFF91FCE7FBD0FC86FB06" box="[835,866,1142,1169]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="209" unit="g" value="5.0">5g</quantity>
|
|
</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="DF3F6679A048FF92FF3CF824FD2EF875" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030318" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8030318" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030318/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="208" startId="9.[152,255,1922,1946]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1898]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BFF36F1A048FF92FF3CF824FD2EF875" blockId="9.[151,1437,1922,2019]" pageId="9" pageNumber="208">
|
|
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A048FF92FF3CF824FEFCF80C" bold="true" box="[152,280,1922,1947]" pageId="9" pageNumber="208">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
|
External features of
|
|
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A048FF92FE4AF824FD14F80D" box="[494,752,1922,1946]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="208">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C404D72A048FF92FE4AF824FD8AF80D" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1799" box="[494,622,1922,1946]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rhinolophus</taxonomicName>
|
|
b.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C404D72A048FF92FD2AF824FD14F80D" authorityName="Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[654,752,1922,1946]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="208" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beddomei">beddomei</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
[a—frontal view of noseleaf; b—lateral view of noseleaf depicting the sella; c—frontal view of head and ventral view of the sella; d—structure of the ear; e—closeup of the lower lip showing one mental groove; f—frontal view of penis; g—hind foot].
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="DF3F6679A04BFF91FF3CFC06FB1AFC2F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030322" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8030322" box="[152,1278,928,952]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030322/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="209" startId="10.[152,255,928,952]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,904]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BFF36F1A04BFF91FF3CFC06FB1AFC2F" blockId="10.[152,1278,928,952]" box="[152,1278,928,952]" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">
|
|
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A04BFF91FF3CFC06FEFCFC2F" bold="true" box="[152,280,928,952]" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
|
Coloration of dorsal fur (in live condition) of a—
|
|
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A04BFF91FCB6FC06FC42FC2F" box="[786,934,928,952]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C404D72A04BFF91FCB6FC06FC76FC2F" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1799" box="[786,914,928,952]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="209" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rhinolophus</taxonomicName>
|
|
b
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C404D72A04BFF91FC16FC06FBF0FC2F" authorityName="Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[946,1044,928,952]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="209" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beddomei">
|
|
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A04BFF91FC16FC06FBF0FC2F" box="[946,1044,928,952]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">beddomei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and b—
|
|
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A04BFF91FBC8FC07FB9FFC2F" box="[1132,1147,929,952]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">R</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A04BFF91FB2CFC06FB71FC2F" box="[1160,1173,928,952]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">b</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C404D72A04BFF91FB05FC06FB1CFC2F" authorityName="Andersen" authorityYear="1918" box="[1185,1272,928,952]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="209" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sobrinus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A04BFF91FB05FC06FB1CFC2F" box="[1185,1272,928,952]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">sobrinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BFF36F1A04BFF91FF63FB3CFE85FB4E" blockId="10.[151,1437,1034,1961]" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">
|
|
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A04BFF91FF63FB3CFE41FB23" bold="true" box="[199,421,1178,1204]" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">Colouration (live):</emphasis>
|
|
In the live condition the fur is woolly, long and the colour is dark grey to black with paler hair tips (
|
|
<figureCitation id="137B2A74A04BFF91FEA5FB19FEB7FB4E" box="[257,339,1215,1241]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[152,255,928,952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,904]" captionTargetId="figure-22@10.[151,1436,181,904]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Coloration of dorsal fur (in live condition) of a—Rhinolophus b. beddomei and b—R. b. sobrinus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030322" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030322/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">Fig. 6a</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BFF36F1A04BFF91FF63FB44FB10F88E" blockId="10.[151,1437,1034,1961]" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">
|
|
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A04BFF91FF63FB44FE11FB6A" bold="true" box="[199,501,1250,1277]" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">Craniodental characters:</emphasis>
|
|
Skull is long, narrow and robust (GTL: 28.12 ±
|
|
<quantity id="4CB89B14A04BFF91FBBDFB45FB64FB6A" box="[1049,1152,1251,1277]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="209" unit="mm" value="0.43">0.43 mm</quantity>
|
|
; CCL: 24.01 ±
|
|
<quantity id="4CB89B14A04BFF91FA8BFB45FA70FB6A" box="[1327,1428,1251,1277]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.699999999999999" pageId="10" pageNumber="209" unit="mm" value="0.47">0.47 mm</quantity>
|
|
) (
|
|
<figureCitation id="137B2A74A04BFF91FF3BFAA1FF17FAB6" box="[159,243,1287,1313]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1794,1818]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-17@11.[151,1436,181,1770]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Skull and mandible of Rhinolophus b. beddomei [a—dorsal view of skull; b—lateral view of skull; c—frontal view of skull; d—ventral view of skull; e—dorsal view of mandible; f—lateral view of mandible; g—frontal view of mandible; Scale: 5 mm]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030326/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">Fig. 7a</figureCitation>
|
|
). Rostrum is elevated and has nasal swellings located medially on the rostrum. The sagittal crest is well developed and joins the supraorbital processes just behind the rostrum to form a deep supraorbital depression. The sagittal crest extends up to the parietal region of the skull. The lambdoid crests are not well developed. The sagittal crest and the rostrum are of the same height (
|
|
<figureCitation id="137B2A74A04BFF91FD30FAD5FD0CFA1A" box="[660,744,1395,1421]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1794,1818]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-17@11.[151,1436,181,1770]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Skull and mandible of Rhinolophus b. beddomei [a—dorsal view of skull; b—lateral view of skull; c—frontal view of skull; d—ventral view of skull; e—dorsal view of mandible; f—lateral view of mandible; g—frontal view of mandible; Scale: 5 mm]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030326/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">Fig. 7b</figureCitation>
|
|
). Zygoma are robust, well developed and flared (ZB: 14.06 ±
|
|
<quantity id="4CB89B14A04BFF91FF33FA30FF1BFA26" box="[151,255,1430,1457]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="209" unit="mm" value="0.56">0.56 mm</quantity>
|
|
); a triangle shaped dorsal arch seen on each zygoma (
|
|
<figureCitation id="137B2A74A04BFF91FCF2FA31FC4CFA26" box="[854,936,1431,1457]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1794,1818]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-17@11.[151,1436,181,1770]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Skull and mandible of Rhinolophus b. beddomei [a—dorsal view of skull; b—lateral view of skull; c—frontal view of skull; d—ventral view of skull; e—dorsal view of mandible; f—lateral view of mandible; g—frontal view of mandible; Scale: 5 mm]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030326/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">Fig. 7c</figureCitation>
|
|
). The upper tooth row (CM
|
|
<superScript id="7C359BB9A04BFF91FB78FA30FB00FA33" attach="left" box="[1244,1252,1430,1444]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">3</superScript>
|
|
) averages 10.50 ±
|
|
<quantity id="4CB89B14A04BFF91FF09FA1DFEF7FA42" box="[173,275,1467,1493]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="209" unit="mm" value="0.38">0.38 mm</quantity>
|
|
. The second upper premolar (PM
|
|
<superScript id="7C359BB9A04BFF91FD21FA1CFD69FA5F" attach="left" box="[645,653,1466,1480]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">2</superScript>
|
|
) is small, present in the tooth row, and located between the canine and the fourth upper premolar (PM
|
|
<superScript id="7C359BB9A04BFF91FE55FA78FE1DFA7B" attach="left" box="[497,505,1502,1516]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">4</superScript>
|
|
). In comparison to PM
|
|
<superScript id="7C359BB9A04BFF91FD5BFA78FCE3FA7B" attach="right" box="[767,775,1502,1516]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">4</superScript>
|
|
, PM
|
|
<superScript id="7C359BB9A04BFF91FC9AFA78FCA2FA7B" attach="left" box="[830,838,1502,1516]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">2</superScript>
|
|
seems minute and is situated between the canine and the PM
|
|
<superScript id="7C359BB9A04BFF91FF4DF9A4FF15F987" attach="left" box="[233,241,1538,1552]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">4</superScript>
|
|
. The PM
|
|
<superScript id="7C359BB9A04BFF91FEFEF9A4FE86F987" attach="left" box="[346,354,1538,1552]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">2</superScript>
|
|
is in contact with the canine and is almost touching PM
|
|
<superScript id="7C359BB9A04BFF91FC7EF9A4FC06F987" attach="left" box="[986,994,1538,1552]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">4</superScript>
|
|
(
|
|
<figureCitation id="137B2A74A04BFF91FC55F9A5FBA1F98A" box="[1009,1093,1539,1565]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1794,1818]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-17@11.[151,1436,181,1770]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Skull and mandible of Rhinolophus b. beddomei [a—dorsal view of skull; b—lateral view of skull; c—frontal view of skull; d—ventral view of skull; e—dorsal view of mandible; f—lateral view of mandible; g—frontal view of mandible; Scale: 5 mm]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030326/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">Fig. 7d</figureCitation>
|
|
). The fourth premolar is about three quarters the height of the robust canine. M
|
|
<superScript id="7C359BB9A04BFF91FD18F980FD20F9A3" attach="left" box="[700,708,1574,1588]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">1</superScript>
|
|
and M
|
|
<superScript id="7C359BB9A04BFF91FCB2F980FCFAF9A3" attach="left" box="[790,798,1574,1588]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">2</superScript>
|
|
are of the same size. M
|
|
<superScript id="7C359BB9A04BFF91FB94F980FBDCF9A3" attach="left" box="[1072,1080,1574,1588]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">3</superScript>
|
|
is three quarters the size of M
|
|
<superScript id="7C359BB9A04BFF91FA30F980FA78F9A3" attach="left" box="[1428,1436,1574,1588]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">2</superScript>
|
|
but lacks the metastyle portion of the molar. Two pairs of tricuspidate mandibular incisors are present. The lower canines are slender than the upper. The canine shows a slight concavity on the posterior border (
|
|
<figureCitation id="137B2A74A04BFF91FB49F9C9FABFF91E" box="[1261,1371,1647,1673]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1794,1818]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-17@11.[151,1436,181,1770]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Skull and mandible of Rhinolophus b. beddomei [a—dorsal view of skull; b—lateral view of skull; c—frontal view of skull; d—ventral view of skull; e—dorsal view of mandible; f—lateral view of mandible; g—frontal view of mandible; Scale: 5 mm]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030326/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">Fig. 7e, f</figureCitation>
|
|
). The second lower premolar (PM
|
|
<subScript id="17C434B4A04BFF91FE6AF903FE32F924" attach="left" box="[462,470,1701,1715]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">2</subScript>
|
|
) is about 66% the height of the fourth premolar (PM
|
|
<subScript id="17C434B4A04BFF91FBB9F903FBC1F924" attach="left" box="[1053,1061,1701,1715]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">4</subScript>
|
|
). The third lower premolar (PM
|
|
<subScript id="17C434B4A04BFF91FA2FF903FA77F924" attach="left" box="[1419,1427,1701,1715]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">3</subScript>
|
|
) is minute and is in the tooth row in some specimens resulting in a gap between PM
|
|
<subScript id="17C434B4A04BFF91FBE7F96FFBAFF940" attach="left" box="[1091,1099,1737,1751]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">2</subScript>
|
|
and PM
|
|
<subScript id="17C434B4A04BFF91FB0FF96FFB57F940" attach="left" box="[1195,1203,1737,1751]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">4</subScript>
|
|
and in some slightly extruded from the tooth row resulting in PM
|
|
<subScript id="17C434B4A04BFF91FD26F94BFD6EF96C" attach="left" box="[642,650,1773,1787]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">2</subScript>
|
|
and PM
|
|
<subScript id="17C434B4A04BFF91FD4CF94BFD14F96C" attach="left" box="[744,752,1773,1787]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">4</subScript>
|
|
almost touching. M
|
|
<subScript id="17C434B4A04BFF91FC69F94BFC31F96C" attach="left" box="[973,981,1773,1787]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">1</subScript>
|
|
and M
|
|
<subScript id="17C434B4A04BFF91FB86F94BFBCEF96C" attach="left" box="[1058,1066,1773,1787]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">2</subScript>
|
|
equal in size, M
|
|
<subScript id="17C434B4A04BFF91FB45F94BFB0DF96C" attach="left" box="[1249,1257,1773,1787]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">3</subScript>
|
|
slightly smaller than M
|
|
<subScript id="17C434B4A04BFF91FF43F8B7FF0BF888" attach="left" box="[231,239,1809,1823]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">2</subScript>
|
|
. The talonoid of M
|
|
<subScript id="17C434B4A04BFF91FE6DF8B7FE35F888" attach="left" box="[457,465,1809,1823]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">3</subScript>
|
|
is broader than the trigonid, and the entoconid less developed (
|
|
<figureCitation id="137B2A74A04BFF91FB33F959FB02F88E" box="[1175,1254,1791,1817]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1794,1818]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-17@11.[151,1436,181,1770]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Skull and mandible of Rhinolophus b. beddomei [a—dorsal view of skull; b—lateral view of skull; c—frontal view of skull; d—ventral view of skull; e—dorsal view of mandible; f—lateral view of mandible; g—frontal view of mandible; Scale: 5 mm]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030326/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">Fig. 7f</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BFF36F1A04BFF91FF63F885FC27F83E" blockId="10.[151,1437,1034,1961]" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">
|
|
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A04BFF91FF63F885FED8F8AA" bold="true" box="[199,316,1827,1853]" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">Baculum:</emphasis>
|
|
The baculum of
|
|
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A04BFF91FE52F885FD7FF8AA" box="[502,667,1827,1853]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">
|
|
R. b.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C404D72A04BFF91FD8AF885FD7FF8AA" authorityName="Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[558,667,1827,1853]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="209" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beddomei">beddomei</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
is long, measuring
|
|
<quantity id="4CB89B14A04BFF91FCD6F884FC2CF8AA" box="[882,968,1826,1853]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="209" unit="mm" value="5.8">5.8 mm</quantity>
|
|
, comprise a narrow distal shaft and a thick triangular base (
|
|
<quantity id="4CB89B14A04BFF91FEEBF8E1FE4CF8F6" box="[335,424,1863,1889]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="209" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
|
|
wide) with a deep median groove (
|
|
<figureCitation id="137B2A74A04BFF91FC9BF8E1FC76F8F6" box="[831,914,1863,1889]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[152,255,961,985]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,938]" captionTargetId="figure-22@12.[151,1436,181,938]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Baculum structure of Rhinolophus b. beddomei [a—dorsal view; b—ventral view; c—lateral view; Scale: 1 mm]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030328" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030328/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">Fig. 8a</figureCitation>
|
|
). The shaft ends with a narrowly rounded tip. The base has a clear sulcus just above the median groove (
|
|
<figureCitation id="137B2A74A04BFF91FCBAF8CDFC95F812" box="[798,881,1899,1925]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[152,255,961,985]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,938]" captionTargetId="figure-22@12.[151,1436,181,938]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Baculum structure of Rhinolophus b. beddomei [a—dorsal view; b—ventral view; c—lateral view; Scale: 1 mm]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030328" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030328/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">Fig. 8b</figureCitation>
|
|
). The distal end of the shaft possesses a ridge-like protuberance towards the tip of the shaft on the ventral surface (
|
|
<figureCitation id="137B2A74A04BFF91FCC0F829FC51F83E" box="[868,949,1935,1961]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[152,255,961,985]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,938]" captionTargetId="figure-22@12.[151,1436,181,938]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Baculum structure of Rhinolophus b. beddomei [a—dorsal view; b—ventral view; c—lateral view; Scale: 1 mm]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030328" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030328/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="209">Fig. 8c</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<caption id="DF3F6679A04AFF90FF3CF8A4FEC1F8F5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8030326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030326/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" startId="11.[152,255,1794,1818]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1770]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BFF36F1A04AFF90FF3CF8A4FEC1F8F5" blockId="11.[151,1436,1794,1890]" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">
|
|
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A04AFF90FF3CF8A4FEFFF88C" bold="true" box="[152,283,1794,1819]" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
|
Skull and mandible of
|
|
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A04AFF90FDB7F8A4FCFDF88D" box="[531,793,1794,1818]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="210">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C404D72A04AFF90FDB7F8A4FD77F88D" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1799" box="[531,659,1794,1818]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rhinolophus</taxonomicName>
|
|
b.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C404D72A04AFF90FD13F8A4FCFDF88D" authorityName="Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[695,793,1794,1818]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beddomei">beddomei</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
[a—dorsal view of skull; b—lateral view of skull; c—frontal view of skull; d—ventral view of skull; e—dorsal view of mandible; f—lateral view of mandible; g—frontal view of mandible; Scale: 5 mm].
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="DF3F6679A04DFF97FF3CFC67FF2AFC6A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030328" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8030328" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030328/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="211" startId="12.[152,255,961,985]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,938]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BFF36F1A04DFF97FF3CFC67FF2AFC6A" blockId="12.[151,1437,961,1021]" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">
|
|
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A04DFF97FF3CFC67FEF8FC4E" bold="true" box="[152,284,961,985]" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
|
Baculum structure of
|
|
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A04DFF97FDA8FC64FCF1FC4D" box="[524,789,962,986]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C404D72A04DFF97FDA8FC64FD68FC4D" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1799" box="[524,652,962,986]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="211" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rhinolophus</taxonomicName>
|
|
b.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C404D72A04DFF97FD17FC64FCF1FC4D" authorityName="Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[691,789,962,986]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="211" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beddomei">beddomei</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
[a—dorsal view; b—ventral view; c—lateral view; Scale: 1 mm].
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C35A657AA04DFF97FF63FBF6FDB8FB6D" pageId="12" pageNumber="211" type="biology_ecology">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BFF36F1A04DFF97FF63FBF6FDB8FB6D" blockId="12.[151,1436,1104,1346]" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">
|
|
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A04DFF97FF63FBF6FECBFBFD" bold="true" box="[199,303,1104,1130]" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">Ecology:</emphasis>
|
|
The Lesser Woolly Horseshoe Bat has been observed to roost solitary or in pairs, often mothers with pups have been observed to roost together. Roosting sites include old dilapidated buildings, temples, abandoned wells, tree hollows, old forts near the proximity of forested areas and caves. It has been observed with one pup and has been also observed to become inactive, tightly wrapping itself with its wings during winter season and sharing its roost with other Rhinolophid species.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C35A657AA04DFF97FF63FAA2FDBEFAD5" pageId="12" pageNumber="211" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BFF36F1A04DFF97FF63FAA2FDBEFAD5" blockId="12.[151,1436,1104,1346]" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">
|
|
<emphasis id="B934EAE3A04DFF97FF63FAA2FE87FA89" bold="true" box="[199,355,1284,1310]" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
|
The Lesser Woolly Horseshoe Bat is endemic to
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3577661A04DFF97FC64FAA2FC18FA89" box="[960,1020,1284,1310]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">India</collectingCountry>
|
|
, and is distributed in
|
|
<collectingRegion id="4984F813A04DFF97FAADFAA2FA7CFA89" box="[1289,1432,1284,1310]" country="India" name="Maharashtra" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">Maharashtra</collectingRegion>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingRegion id="4984F813A04DFF97FF33FA8EFEE9FAD5" box="[151,269,1320,1346]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingRegion id="4984F813A04DFF97FEBCFA8EFE81FAD5" box="[280,357,1320,1346]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
|
, and
|
|
<collectingRegion id="4984F813A04DFF97FE3BFA8EFDB2FAD5" box="[415,598,1320,1346]" country="India" name="Andhra Pradesh" pageId="12" pageNumber="211">Andhra Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |