528 lines
66 KiB
XML
528 lines
66 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="066368F83DBE2E9DAFA342B654C9E175">Pairing of sexual and asexual generations of Nearctic oak gallwasps, with new synonyms and new species names (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03E987BFFFBACE0B4E9D56F4A8F4AE0F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6959061" ID-GBIF-Taxon="198576529" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6959061" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E987BFFFBACE0B4E9D56F4A8F4AE0F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E987BFFFBACE0B4E9D56F4A8F4AE0F" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<subSubSection id="C35A6522FFBACE0F4E9D56F4AE8BA9AF" box="[151,749,1698,1725]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBACE0F4E9D56F4AE62A9AF" authority="Gillette, 1888" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,516,1698,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosa">
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<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4E9D56F4AD33A9AF" bold="true" box="[151,341,1698,1725]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Acraspis villosa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFBACE0F4F5656F4AE62A9AF" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[348,516,1699,1725]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="466 - 478" refId="ref39626" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1888) A study of the Cynipidae. Report of the Michigan State Board of Agriculture, 27, 466 - 478." type="journal article" year="1888">Gillette, 1888</bibRefCitation>
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, sexual generation
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFBACE0F4E9D5690AD26A9F3" blockId="11.[151,749,1698,1761]" box="[151,320,1735,1761]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFFBACE0F4E9D5690AD26A9F3" box="[151,320,1735,1761]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 14–21" captionStart-1="FIGURES 22–25" captionStart-2="FIGURES 26–28" captionStartId-0="12.[151,264,1955,1979]" captionStartId-1="13.[151,264,1613,1637]" captionStartId-2="15.[151,264,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox-0="[155,1428,695,1918]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1413,194,1577]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,336,1498]" captionTargetId-0="figure-228@12.[151,1436,687,1931]" captionTargetId-1="figure-18@13.[151,1436,181,1589]" captionTargetId-2="figure-70@15.[151,1436,308,1498]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionTargetPageId-2="15" captionText-0="FIGURES 14–21. Acraspis villosa Gillette, sexual generation. 14–17, head, female: 14, frontal view, 15, dorsal view, 16, posterior view, 17, lateral view. 18–21, head, male: 18, frontal view, 19, dorsal view, 20, posterior view, 21, lateral view." captionText-1="FIGURES 22–25. Acraspis villosa Gillette, sexual generation, female. 22, antenna. 23, pronotum and propleuron, frontal view. 24, mesosoma, dorsal view. 25, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view." captionText-2="FIGURES 26–28. Acraspis villosa Gillette. 26, forewing, part, sexual female. 27, asexual gall. 28, sexual gall." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601814" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601818" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601820" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6601814/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6601818/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6601820/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4E9D5690AD26A9F3" bold="true" box="[151,320,1735,1761]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 14–26, 28</emphasis>
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</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFBACE0F4E9D5751AF01A849" blockId="11.[151,1437,1798,2037]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4E9D5751AD69A80C" bold="true" box="[151,271,1798,1822]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Synonyms:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBACE0F4F1F5751AEF5A80C" authority="Gillette (1888: 218)" authorityName="Gillette" authorityPageNumber="218" authorityYear="1888" box="[277,659,1798,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosus">
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<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4F1F5751ADA7A80C" box="[277,449,1798,1822]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Acraspis villosus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFBACE0F4FC25751AEF5A80C" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[456,659,1798,1822]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="466 - 478" refId="ref39626" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1888) A study of the Cynipidae. Report of the Michigan State Board of Agriculture, 27, 466 - 478." type="journal article" year="1888">Gillette (1888: 218)</bibRefCitation>
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, females and galls.
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBACE0F4D565751AF99A80C" box="[860,1023,1798,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosa">
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<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4D565751AF99A80C" box="[860,1023,1798,1822]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Acraspis villosa</emphasis>
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corrected spelling by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFBACE0F4AEA5751AC8AA82F" author="Dalla Torre" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref38771" refString="Dalla Torre, de C. G. (1893) Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. 2. Cynipidae. Lipsiae. Sumptibus Guilelmi Engelmann, 459 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10348" type="book" year="1893">Dalla Torre (1893: 64)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBACE0F4EFF5772ADFBA82F" box="[245,413,1829,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosus">
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<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4EFF5772ADFBA82F" box="[245,413,1829,1853]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Philonix villosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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combination by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFBACE0F4C4F5772AE8DA82F" author="Felt, E. P." box="[581,747,1829,1853]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="615 - 736" refId="ref39211" refString="Felt, E. P. (1906) Insects Affecting Park and Woodland Trees. Plant Galls and Gallmakers, 8 (2), 615 - 736. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8979" type="journal article" year="1906">Felt (1906: 713)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBACE0F4CFE5772AFF5A82F" box="[756,915,1829,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Philonix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosa">
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<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4CFE5772AFF5A82F" box="[756,915,1829,1853]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Philonix villosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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combination by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFBACE0F4A305772A92BA82F" author="Beutenmueller, W." box="[1082,1357,1829,1853]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="243 - 256" refId="ref37710" refString="Beutenmueller, W. (1909) The species of Biorhiza, Philonix and allied genera and their galls. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 26, 243 - 256." type="journal article" year="1909">Beutenmueller (1909: 249)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBACE0F4B5C5772AD97A849" authority="var. villosa" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="villosa" subGenus="Acraspis" variety="villosa">
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<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4B5C5772AD1DA849" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cynips (Acraspis) villosa</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4FA75714AD97A849" box="[429,497,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">villosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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combination by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFBACE0F4C915714AF05A849" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[667,867,1859,1883]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 577" refId="ref40339" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1930) The gall wasp genus Cynips. A study in the origin of species. Indiana University Studies, 16 (84 - 86), 1 - 577." type="journal article" year="1930">Kinsey (1930: 355)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFBACE084E9D5735A8B5AFFE" blockId="11.[151,1437,1798,2037]" lastBlockId="12.[199,1437,151,236]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFBACE0F4E9D5735AD45A868" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[151,291,1890,1914]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 577" refId="ref40339" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1930) The gall wasp genus Cynips. A study in the origin of species. Indiana University Studies, 16 (84 - 86), 1 - 577." type="journal article" year="1930">Kinsey (1930</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFBACE0F4F275735AD07A868" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[301,353,1890,1914]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 334" refId="ref40377" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1936) The origin of higher categories in Cynips. Indiana University. Publications, Science Series 4. Entomological Series, 10, 1 - 334." type="journal article" year="1936">1936</bibRefCitation>
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) described the asexual generation of six additional species within his “
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBACE0F4A275735A817A868" box="[1069,1137,1890,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosa">
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<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4A275735A817A868" box="[1069,1137,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">villosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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” complex:
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBACE0F4AEC5735ADFCA88B" authority="Kinsey, 1930" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apache" subGenus="Acraspis">
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<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4AEC5735A94AA86B" box="[1254,1324,1890,1913]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cynips</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4B315735A9F2A86B" box="[1339,1428,1890,1913]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Acraspis</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4ECD57D6AD76A88B" box="[199,272,1921,1945]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">apache</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFBACE0F4F1F57D6ADFCA88B" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[277,410,1921,1945]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 577" refId="ref40339" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1930) The gall wasp genus Cynips. A study in the origin of species. Indiana University Studies, 16 (84 - 86), 1 - 577." type="journal article" year="1930">Kinsey, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBACE0F4FDF57D6AE57A88A" box="[469,561,1921,1944]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grisea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4FDF57D6AE57A88A" box="[469,561,1921,1944]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Q. grisea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBACE0F4C6A57D6AEB8A88A" box="[608,734,1921,1944]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arizonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4C6A57D6AEB8A88A" box="[608,734,1921,1944]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Q. arizonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBACE0F4CE357D6A8FFA88B" authority="Kinsey, 1930" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1930" box="[745,1177,1921,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calvescens" subGenus="Acraspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4CE357D6AF49A88A" box="[745,815,1921,1944]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cynips</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4D3757D6AFF0A88A" box="[829,918,1921,1944]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Acraspis</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4DA957D6A869A88B" box="[931,1039,1921,1945]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">calvescens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFBACE0F4A1E57D6A8FFA88B" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[1044,1177,1921,1945]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 577" refId="ref40339" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1930) The gall wasp genus Cynips. A study in the origin of species. Indiana University Studies, 16 (84 - 86), 1 - 577." type="journal article" year="1930">Kinsey, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBACE0F4ADE57D6A92CA88B" box="[1236,1354,1921,1945]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gambelii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4ADE57D6A92CA88B" box="[1236,1354,1921,1945]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Q. gambelii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBACE0F4B5C57D6AE54A8A5" authority="Kinsey, 1930" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consocians" subGenus="Acraspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4B5C57D6A9FAA88A" box="[1366,1436,1921,1944]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cynips</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4EDA57F7AD4FA8A5" box="[208,297,1952,1975]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Acraspis</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4F3D57F7ADCEA8A5" box="[311,424,1952,1975]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">consocians</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFBACE0F4FA757C8AE54A8A5" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[429,562,1951,1975]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 577" refId="ref40339" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1930) The gall wasp genus Cynips. A study in the origin of species. Indiana University Studies, 16 (84 - 86), 1 - 577." type="journal article" year="1930">Kinsey, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBACE0F4C6557F7AF6EA8A5" box="[623,776,1952,1975]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4C6557F7AF6EA8A5" box="[623,776,1952,1975]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Q. macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBACE0F4D1F57F7A8FDA8A5" authority="Kinsey, 1936" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1936" box="[789,1179,1951,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erutor" subGenus="Acraspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4D1F57F7AF3DA8A5" box="[789,859,1952,1975]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cynips</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4D6357F7AFA4A8A5" box="[873,962,1952,1975]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Acraspis</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4DDA57F7A869A8A5" box="[976,1039,1952,1975]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">erutor</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFBACE0F4A1F57C8A8FDA8A5" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[1045,1179,1951,1975]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 334" refId="ref40377" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1936) The origin of higher categories in Cynips. Indiana University. Publications, Science Series 4. Entomological Series, 10, 1 - 334." type="journal article" year="1936">Kinsey, 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBACE0F4ADD57F7A92FA8A5" box="[1239,1353,1951,1975]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="repanda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4ADD57F7A92FA8A5" box="[1239,1353,1951,1975]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Q. repanda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBACE0F4B5C57F7AE75A8C4" authority="Kinsey, 1936" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1936" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="expletor" subGenus="Acraspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4B5C57F7A9FAA8A5" box="[1366,1436,1952,1975]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cynips</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4EDA57E9AD4FA8C7" box="[208,297,1982,2005]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Acraspis</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4F3C57E9ADEFA8C4" box="[310,393,1982,2006]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">expletor</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFBACE0F4F8557E9AE75A8C4" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[399,531,1982,2006]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 334" refId="ref40377" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1936) The origin of higher categories in Cynips. Indiana University. Publications, Science Series 4. Entomological Series, 10, 1 - 334." type="journal article" year="1936">Kinsey, 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBACE0F4C4557E9AE8FA8C4" box="[591,745,1982,2006]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oblongifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4C4557E9AE8FA8C4" box="[591,745,1982,2006]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Q. oblongifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBACE0F4D2A57E9A8A5A8C4" authority="Kinsey, 1930" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1930" box="[800,1219,1982,2006]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="expositor" subGenus="Acraspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4D2A57E9AF00A8C7" box="[800,870,1982,2005]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cynips</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4D7E57E9AFABA8C7" box="[884,973,1982,2005]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Acraspis</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4DD057E8A85EA8C4" box="[986,1080,1983,2006]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">expositor</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFBACE0F4A3457E9A8A5A8C4" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[1086,1219,1982,2006]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 577" refId="ref40339" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1930) The gall wasp genus Cynips. A study in the origin of species. Indiana University Studies, 16 (84 - 86), 1 - 577." type="journal article" year="1930">Kinsey, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBACE0F4AF557E9A93AA8C4" box="[1279,1372,1982,2006]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grisea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4AF557E9A93AA8C4" box="[1279,1372,1982,2006]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Q. grisea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFBACE0F4B6D57E9AD6DA8E6" author="Weld, L. H." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="594 - 654" refId="ref45012" refString="Weld, L. H. (1951) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Muesebeck, C. F. W., Krombein, K. V. & Townes, H. K. (Eds.) Hymenoptera of America North of Mexico. Agricultural Monograph No. 2. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., pp. 594 - 654." type="book chapter" year="1951">Weld (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFBACE0F4F30578AADD9A8E7" author="Burks, B. D." box="[314,447,2013,2037]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref38142" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D. Jr., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107." type="book" year="1979">Burks (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
treated four of these species as varieties of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBACE0F4D7B578AAFB7A8E7" box="[881,977,2013,2037]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4D7B578AAFB7A8E7" box="[881,977,2013,2037]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. villosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; hence
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBACE0F4A17578AA9FEA8E7" authority="(Kinsey)" baseAuthorityName="Kinsey" box="[1053,1432,2013,2037]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="villosa" variety="apache">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4A17578AA8D9A8E7" box="[1053,1215,2013,2037]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Acraspis villosa</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBACE0F4AE5578AA95EA8E7" box="[1263,1336,2013,2037]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">apache</emphasis>
|
||
(Kinsey)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBDCE084ECD50C0AD40AFBD" bold="true" box="[199,294,151,175]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757C0FFBDCE084ECD50C0AD40AFBD" box="[199,294,151,175]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBDCE084F3E50C0AEBDAFBD" authority="(Kinsey)" baseAuthorityName="Kinsey" box="[308,731,151,175]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="villosa" variety="calvescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBDCE084F3E50C0ADBEAFBD" box="[308,472,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Acraspis villosa</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBDCE084C0650C0AE1EAFBD" box="[524,632,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">calvescens</emphasis>
|
||
(Kinsey)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBDCE084CED50C0AF23AFBD" bold="true" box="[743,837,151,175]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757C0FFBDCE084CED50C0AF23AFBD" box="[743,837,151,175]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBDCE084D5E50C0A899AFBD" authority="(Kinsey)" baseAuthorityName="Kinsey" box="[852,1279,151,175]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="villosa" variety="consocians">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBDCE084D5E50C0AF9EAFBD" box="[852,1016,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Acraspis villosa</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBDCE084A2650C0A8FBAFBC" box="[1068,1181,151,174]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">consocians</emphasis>
|
||
(Kinsey)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBDCE084B0150C0A90FAFBD" bold="true" box="[1291,1385,151,175]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757C0FFBDCE084B0150C0A90FAFBD" box="[1291,1385,151,175]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBDCE084ECD50E1AE31AFDF" authority="(Kinsey)" baseAuthorityName="Kinsey" box="[199,599,181,205]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="villosa" variety="expositor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBDCE084ECD50E1AD0FAFDF" box="[199,361,181,205]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Acraspis villosa</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBDCE084F9350E1AD91AFDF" box="[409,503,182,205]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">expositor</emphasis>
|
||
(Kinsey)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBDCE084C6B50E2AEDBAFDF" bold="true" box="[609,701,181,205]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757C0FFBDCE084C6B50E2AEDBAFDF" box="[609,701,181,205]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are all synonyms of
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBDCE084D8650E1AF94AFDF" box="[908,1010,181,205]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBDCE084D8650E1AF88AFDF" box="[908,1006,181,205]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosa">A. villosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Two species known only from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577639FFBDCE084B2150E2A91EAFDF" box="[1323,1400,181,205]" name="Mexico" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
are valid and treated as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBDCE084F985083AE0AAFFE" authority="Kinsey" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1936" box="[402,620,212,236]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erutor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBDCE084F985083AE7BAFFE" box="[402,541,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cynips erutor</emphasis>
|
||
Kinsey
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBDCE084C975083A8A9AFFE" authority="Kinsey (Pujade-Villar & Ferrer-Suay 2015)" authorityName="Kinsey (Pujade-Villar & Ferrer-Suay" authorityYear="2015" box="[669,1231,212,236]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="expletor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBDCE084C975083AF68AFFE" box="[669,782,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. expletor</emphasis>
|
||
Kinsey (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFBDCE084D635083A8AEAFFE" author="Pujade-Villar, J. & Ferrer-Suay, M." box="[873,1224,212,236]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="7 - 14" refId="ref43216" refString="Pujade-Villar, J. & Ferrer-Suay, M. (2015) Adjudicacio generica d'especies mexicanes d'ubicacio dubtosa descrites per Kinsey i comentaris sobre la fauna mexicana (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Butlleti de la Institucio Catalana d'Historia Natural, 79, 7 - 14." type="journal article" year="2015">Pujade-Villar & Ferrer-Suay 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FFBDCE084E9D5142A90AAEAD" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFBDCE084E9D5142A90AAEAD" blockId="12.[151,1437,277,663]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBDCE084E9D5142ADEDAE3D" bold="true" box="[151,395,277,303]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Material examined:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B283CF4FFBDCE084F905142A90EAEAD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3878855312" collectingDate="2007-06-01" collectingDateMax="2007-06-04" collectingDateMin="2007-06-01" collectionCode="PHDNRL, RAM" collectorName="S. Digweed" country="Canada" elevation="10" latitude="53.49165" location="Northern Forestry Centre" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-113.54291" municipality="Edmonton" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Alberta">
|
||
2 sexual females labelled as “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577639FFBDCE084D015142AF02AE3D" box="[779,868,277,303]" name="Canada" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFBDCE084D7C5142AFABAE3D" box="[886,973,277,303]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Alberta</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9BACD3FFBDCE084DEA5142A83EAE3D" box="[992,1112,277,303]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Edmonton</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E9F6072FFBDCE084A605142A9FFAE3D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E987BFFFBACE0B4E9D56F4A8F4AE0F:8E9F6072FFBDCE084A605142A9FFAE3D" box="[1130,1433,277,303]" country="Canada" latitude="53.49165" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-113.54291" municipality="Edmonton" name="Northern Forestry Centre" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="Alberta">Northern Forestry Centre</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE74506EFFBDCE084E9D516EAD45AE46" box="[151,291,313,340]" degrees="53.49165" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="1" value="53.49165">53.49165°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, -
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE74506EFFBDCE084F3F516EADB5AE46" box="[309,467,313,340]" degrees="113.54291" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="1" value="-113.54291">113.54291°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B4CFFBDCE084FE5516EAE44AE41" box="[495,546,313,339]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="10.0">
|
||
<elevation id="006DD19AFFBDCE084FE5516EAE44AE41" box="[495,546,313,339]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="10.0">10m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, Collected
|
||
<date id="FFFE1069FFBDCE084CAA516EAF6CAE41" box="[672,778,313,339]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2007-06-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFBAE981FFBDCE084CAA516EAF6CAE41" box="[672,778,313,339]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2007-06-04">4.vi.2007</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
ex
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBDCE084D39516DAF1EAE41" box="[819,888,314,339]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
mesh bag on branch of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBDCE084A8D516EA912AE41" box="[1159,1396,313,339]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBDCE084A8D516EA912AE41" box="[1159,1396,313,339]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Quercus macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for rearing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBDCE084EE4510AADC5AE65" box="[238,419,349,375]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBDCE084EE4510AADC5AE65" box="[238,419,349,375]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Acraspis villosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D46FD20FFBDCE084FA0510AADA5AE65" box="[426,451,349,375]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D46FD20FFBDCE084FC9510AADB2AE65" box="[451,468,349,375]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
”, determined originally as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBDCE084D0D510AAFDAAE65" box="[775,956,349,375]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBDCE084D0D510AAFDAAE65" box="[775,956,349,375]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Acraspis villosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sexual generation females by
|
||
<collectorName id="26B5537FFFBDCE084B18510AA9FEAE65" box="[1298,1432,349,375]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. Digweed</collectorName>
|
||
, 2007. Two males labelled as “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577639FFBDCE084FE351D6AE24AE89" box="[489,578,385,411]" name="Canada" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFBDCE084C4651D6AEC6AE89" box="[588,672,385,411]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Alberta</collectingRegion>
|
||
Edmonton, NoFC, Reared
|
||
<date id="FFFE1069FFBDCE084DDF51D6A82FAE89" box="[981,1097,385,411]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2007-06-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFBAE981FFBDCE084DDF51D6A82FAE89" box="[981,1097,385,411]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2007-06-01">1.VI.2007</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBDCE084A7251D6A903AE89" box="[1144,1381,385,411]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBDCE084A7251D6A903AE89" box="[1144,1381,385,411]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Quercus macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, bag for rearing.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBDCE084F1651F2ADB6AEAD" box="[284,464,421,447]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBDCE084F1651F2ADB6AEAD" box="[284,464,421,447]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Acraspis villosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sexual.
|
||
<collectorName id="26B5537FFFBDCE084C3951F2AEDAAEAD" box="[563,700,421,447]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. Digweed</collectorName>
|
||
”. Specimens have been deposited at the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED51AE6CFFBDCE084A7551F2A888AEAD" box="[1151,1262,421,447]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">PHDNRL</collectionCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED51AE6CFFBDCE084B2F51F2A90EAEAD" box="[1317,1384,421,447]" country="Isle of Man" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13908" name="Ramsey Public Library" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="Herbarium">RAM</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FFBDCE084ECD519EADB9AD39" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFBDCE084ECD519EADB9AD39" blockId="12.[151,1437,277,663]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBDCE084ECD519EAD24AEF1" bold="true" box="[199,322,457,483]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Closely resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBDCE084C28519EAFF2AEF1" authority="(Bassett, 1881)" baseAuthorityName="Bassett" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[546,916,457,483]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBDCE084C28519EAEB9AEF1" box="[546,735,457,483]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Acraspis gemula</emphasis>
|
||
(Bassett, 1881)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBDCE084DC5519EA818AEF1" baseAuthorityName="Bassett" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[975,1150,457,483]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercushirta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBDCE084DC5519EA818AEF1" box="[975,1150,457,483]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. quercushirta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBDCE084AA4519EA97CAEF1" box="[1198,1306,457,483]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBDCE084AA4519EA97CAEF1" box="[1198,1306,457,483]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. villosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
notauli are incomplete, entire body dark brown to black. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBDCE084CA151BAAF7DAD15" baseAuthorityName="Bassett" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[683,795,493,519]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBDCE084CA151BAAF7DAD15" box="[683,795,493,519]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. gemula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
notauli are complete, entire body reddish brown. See also Diagnosis to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBDCE084F215246ADBEAD39" baseAuthorityName="Bassett" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[299,472,529,555]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercushirta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBDCE084F215246ADBEAD39" box="[299,472,529,555]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. quercushirta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FFBDCE0A4ECD5262AD96A9AF" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFBDCE084ECD5262ADD7AD85" blockId="12.[151,1437,277,663]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBDCE084ECD5262AD3FAD5D" bold="true" box="[199,345,565,591]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Sexual female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFFBDCE084C045262AEE9AD5D" box="[526,655,565,591]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–21" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1955,1979]" captionTargetBox="[155,1428,695,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-228@12.[151,1436,687,1931]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 14–21. Acraspis villosa Gillette, sexual generation. 14–17, head, female: 14, frontal view, 15, dorsal view, 16, posterior view, 17, lateral view. 18–21, head, male: 18, frontal view, 19, dorsal view, 20, posterior view, 21, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601814/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 14–17</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFFBDCE084C905262AE83AD42" box="[666,741,565,592]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 22–25" captionStart-1="FIGURES 26–28" captionStartId-0="13.[151,264,1613,1637]" captionStartId-1="15.[151,264,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox-0="[159,1413,194,1577]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,336,1498]" captionTargetId-0="figure-18@13.[151,1436,181,1589]" captionTargetId-1="figure-70@15.[151,1436,308,1498]" captionTargetPageId-0="13" captionTargetPageId-1="15" captionText-0="FIGURES 22–25. Acraspis villosa Gillette, sexual generation, female. 22, antenna. 23, pronotum and propleuron, frontal view. 24, mesosoma, dorsal view. 25, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view." captionText-1="FIGURES 26–28. Acraspis villosa Gillette. 26, forewing, part, sexual female. 27, asexual gall. 28, sexual gall." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601818" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601820" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6601818/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6601820/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">22–26</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head, mesosoma, metasoma uniformly dark brown to black; scapus, pedicel, F1 light brown, subsequent flagellomeres darker, slightly lighter than body; mouthparts and legs light brown to yellowish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3F6621FFBDCE084E9D57F4A951A8CD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601814" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601814/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[151,264,1955,1979]" targetBox="[155,1428,695,1918]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFBDCE084E9D57F4A951A8CD" blockId="12.[151,1437,1955,2015]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBDCE084E9D57F4AD32A8A9" bold="true" box="[151,340,1955,1979]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURES 14–21.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBDCE084F5057F4AE35A8A9" authority="Gillette" authorityName="Gillette" box="[346,595,1955,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBDCE084F5057F4AD98A8A9" box="[346,510,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Acraspis villosa</emphasis>
|
||
Gillette
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sexual generation. 14–17, head, female: 14, frontal view, 15, dorsal view, 16, posterior view, 17, lateral view. 18–21, head, male: 18, frontal view, 19, dorsal view, 20, posterior view, 21, lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3F6621FFBCCE094E9D561AAF80A99B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601818" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601818/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[151,264,1613,1637]" targetBox="[159,1413,194,1577]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFBCCE094E9D561AAF80A99B" blockId="13.[151,1437,1613,1673]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBCCE094E9D561AAD32A977" bold="true" box="[151,340,1613,1637]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURES 22–25.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBCCE094F535619AE36A977" authority="Gillette" authorityName="Gillette" box="[345,592,1613,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBCCE094F535619AD9AA977" box="[345,508,1613,1637]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Acraspis villosa</emphasis>
|
||
Gillette
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sexual generation, female. 22, antenna. 23, pronotum and propleuron, frontal view. 24, mesosoma, dorsal view. 25, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFBCCE0A4ECD56E0ADF4AEC3" blockId="13.[151,1437,1719,2034]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Head alutaceous, with white setae, denser on lower face and postgena, rounded, 1.2× as broad as high and as broad as mesosoma in frontal view,1.6x as broad as long from dorsal view. Gena alutaceous, not broadened behind eye in frontal view, narrower than transverse diameter of eye in lateral view. Malar space alutaceous, glabrous, without striae; eye 2.5× as high as length of malar space. Inner margins of eyes parallel. POL 1.8× as long as OOL, OOL 1.75× as long as diameter of lateral ocellus and 1.2× as long as LOL, all ocelli small, ovate, of same size. Transfacial distance 1.2× as long as height of eye; diameter of antennal torulus 1.9× as long as distance between them, distance between torulus and eye 1.3× as long as diameter of torulus; lower face alutaceous, matte, with dense white setae, slightly elevated median area alutaceous. Clypeus rectangular, nearly 2.0× as broad as high, smooth, matte, with long setae; ventrally rounded, slightly emarginate, without median incision; anterior tentorial pit small, rounded, epistomal sulcus distinct, clypeo-pleurostomal line well impressed. Frons and interocellar area uniformly alutaceous, without striae or setae. Vertex, occiput and postocciput alutaceous; postgena smooth, glabrous, with dense white setae; posterior tentorial pit small, rounded, area below impressed; occipital foramen greater than 2.0× as high as height of postgenal bridge; hypostomal carina emarginate, continuing into postgenal sulci which diverge toward occipital foramen, postgenal bridge anteriorly as broad as occipital foramen. Antenna longer than head+mesosoma, nearly as long as body, with 12 flagellomeres, pedicel slightly longer than broad, flagellomeres slightly broader towards apex; F1 2.5× as long as pedicel and 1.3× as long as F2; F2 slightly longer than F3; F3 1.1× as long as F4, F5 slightly longer than F6, all subsequent flagellomeres equal in length; placodeal sensilla on F2–F12, absent on F1.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFBFCE0A4ECD518CAF70AB4B" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mesosoma 1.2× as long as high, with sparse white setae, except for dense setae on lateral propodeal area.Pronotum smooth, matte, with sparse setae, without striae laterally; propleuron alutaceous, matte. Mesoscutum smooth, glabrous, with sparse white setae, slightly longer than broad (greatest width measured across mesoscutum level with base of tegulae). Notaulus incomplete, extending to 2/3 of mesoscutum length, shallow, broad, bottom smooth, glabrous, posteriorly broader and slightly converging; anterior parallel line, parapsidal line, median mesoscutal line absent; circumscutellar carina narrow, distinct, reaching notaulus. Mesoscutellum ovate, slightly longer than broad, with semi-parallel sides, coriaceous, overhanging metanotum, posteriorly rounded. Mesoscutellar foveae absent, anterior part of mesoscutellum is not impressed, in the same plane as mesoscutellar disk, with the same sculpture as the entire mesoscutellum. Mesopleuron smooth, matte, setae only on posteroventral quarter of mesopleuron; mesopleural triangle delicately coriaceous, matte, with some delicate longitudinal parallel striae and a few setae; dorsal and lateral axillar areas smooth, glabrous, with a few setae; subaxillular bar smooth, glabrous, triangulate, gradually higher toward posterior end, at posterior end as high as height of metanotal trough; metapleural sulcus reaching mesopleuron slightly below half of its height, upper part of sulcus indistinct. Metascutellum coriaceous, as high as height of coriaceous ventral impressed area; metanotal trough smooth, matte, without setae; central propodeal area lyre-shaped, rugose, matte, with few rugae in posterior half which continue onto nucha; lateral propodeal carinae bent slightly outwards in posterior 1/3, complete or incomplete, do not reach anterior end of propodeum; lateral propodeal area coriaceous, matte, with long white setae. Nucha with net of irregular rugae dorsally and laterally. Tarsal claws with small basal lobe.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFBFCE0A4ECD5434AE55ABD7" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Forewing longer than body, hyaline, with distinct dense cilia on margin, veins brown, radial cell open, 5.0× as long as broad; R1 and Rs reaching wing margin; areolet large, triangular, closed, distinct. Rs+M distinct, reaching basalis slightly below its mid height.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFBFCE0A4ECD5498AD21AA6B" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Metasoma slightly longer than head+mesosoma, longer than high in lateral view; 2nd metasomal tergum extending to half length of metasoma in dorsal view, with sparse scattered setae laterally; all terga alutaceous, matte, without micropunctures. Hypopygium without micropunctures, prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium longer than broad in ventral view, with some short setae ventrally which extend beyond apex of spine. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B4CFFBFCE0A4E9D5508AC8BAA6B" box="[151,237,1375,1401]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFBFCE0A4ECD55D4AFE2A967" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFFBFCE0A4F0455D4ADF6AA8F" box="[270,400,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–21" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1955,1979]" captionTargetBox="[155,1428,695,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-228@12.[151,1436,687,1931]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 14–21. Acraspis villosa Gillette, sexual generation. 14–17, head, female: 14, frontal view, 15, dorsal view, 16, posterior view, 17, lateral view. 18–21, head, male: 18, frontal view, 19, dorsal view, 20, posterior view, 21, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601814/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 18–21</figureCitation>
|
||
). Similar to female, head, mesosoma and metasoma black to dark brown, mandibles and palpi maxillaris and labialis light brown, antenna brown; legs uniformly light brown to yellow. Eye 3.3× as high as length of malar space; ocelli much bigger than in female. Antenna as long as body, forewing longer than body; metasoma slightly shorter than mesosoma. Antenna with 13 flagellomeres, scapus+pedicel shorter than F1; F1 slightly curved, excavated, apically broadened, 1.2× as long as F2; F13 longer than F12; placodeal sensilla on all flagellomeres. Metasoma with long narrow petiole, 2nd metasomal tergum extending to half length of metasoma, with a few white setae laterally; all terga smooth, glabrous, without micropunctures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFBFCE0A4ECD5629AD96A9AF" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBFCE0A4ECD5629AC9CA98A" bold="true" box="[199,250,1662,1688]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Gall</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFFBFCE0A4F025628AD3CA98B" box="[264,346,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURES 26–28" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,336,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-70@15.[151,1436,308,1498]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 26–28. Acraspis villosa Gillette. 26, forewing, part, sexual female. 27, asexual gall. 28, sexual gall." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601820" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601820/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
). The sexual galls are not apparently distinguishable from galls of the sexual generation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBFCE0A4B305628AD43A9AF" baseAuthorityName="Bassett" baseAuthorityYear="1864" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercushirta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBFCE0A4B305628AD43A9AF" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Acraspis quercushirta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, described above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FFBFCE0A4ECD5691AD97A887" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFBFCE0A4ECD5691AD97A887" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBFCE0A4ECD5691AD41A9F2" bold="true" box="[199,295,1734,1760]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
See
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFBFCE0A4F6B5690AD96A9F0" author="Weld, L. H." box="[353,496,1735,1762]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 131" refId="ref44914" refString="Weld, L. H. (1926) Field notes on gall-inhabiting cynipid wasps with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 68 (2611), 1 - 131. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.68 - 2611.1" type="journal article" year="1926">Weld (1926)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFBFCE0A4C215690AEAEA9F3" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[555,712,1735,1761]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 577" refId="ref40339" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1930) The gall wasp genus Cynips. A study in the origin of species. Indiana University Studies, 16 (84 - 86), 1 - 577." type="journal article" year="1930">Kinsey (1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFBFCE0A4CDF5690AF68A9F0" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[725,782,1735,1762]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 334" refId="ref40377" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1936) The origin of higher categories in Cynips. Indiana University. Publications, Science Series 4. Entomological Series, 10, 1 - 334." type="journal article" year="1936">1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) for the biology of the asexual generation. Asexual galls (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFFBFCE0A4EAA56BCAC96A817" box="[160,240,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURES 26–28" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,336,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-70@15.[151,1436,308,1498]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 26–28. Acraspis villosa Gillette. 26, forewing, part, sexual female. 27, asexual gall. 28, sexual gall." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601820" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601820/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
) from species in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFBFCE0A4FBA56BCAE02A814" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[432,612,1771,1798]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 334" refId="ref40377" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1936) The origin of higher categories in Cynips. Indiana University. Publications, Science Series 4. Entomological Series, 10, 1 - 334." type="journal article" year="1936">Kinsey’s (1936)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBFCE0A4C7D56BCAEA4A817" box="[631,706,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Acraspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBFCE0A4C7D56BCAEA4A817" box="[631,706,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">villosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” complex have been recorded on leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBFCE0A4AA256BCA89AA817" baseAuthorityName="Weld" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[1192,1276,1771,1797]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBFCE0A4AA256BCA89AA817" box="[1192,1276,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Q. alba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBFCE0A4B0056BCA9F3A816" box="[1290,1429,1771,1797]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arizonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBFCE0A4B0056BCA9F3A816" box="[1290,1429,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Q. arizonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBFCE0A4E9D5758AD7DA83B" box="[151,283,1807,1833]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gambelii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBFCE0A4E9D5758AD7DA83B" box="[151,283,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Q. gambelii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBFCE0A4F235758ADF6A83A" box="[297,400,1807,1833]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grisea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBFCE0A4F235758ADF6A83A" box="[297,400,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Q. grisea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBFCE0A4F945758AE2EA83A" box="[414,584,1807,1833]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBFCE0A4F945758AE2EA83A" box="[414,584,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Q. macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBFCE0A4C775758AF56A83B" box="[637,816,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFFBFCE0A4C775758AF4AA83B" box="[637,812,1807,1833]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oblongifolia">Q. oblongifolia</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Adult females of the asexual generation emerged (from galls collected in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFBFCE0A4F515764ADA0A85F" box="[347,454,1843,1869]" country="Canada" name="Manitoba" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Manitoba</collectingRegion>
|
||
but reared in Edmonton) during the second half of October and early November. Adults of the sexual generation emerged in Edmonton from late May to early June. Galls of the asexual generation appeared on leaves in Edmonton in July.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FFBFCE0B4ECD57C9A8F4AE0F" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFBFCE0A4ECD57C9AD6CA8CF" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBFCE0A4ECD57C9AD07A8AA" bold="true" box="[199,353,1950,1976]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577639FFBFCE0A4F6557C8ADCDA8AB" box="[367,427,1951,1977]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFBFCE0A4FB457C8AE5DA8AB" box="[446,571,1951,1977]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFBFCE0A4C4757C8AEDDA8AB" box="[589,699,1951,1977]" country="United States of America" name="Michigan" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Michigan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFBFCE0A4CC557C8AF6CA8AB" box="[719,778,1951,1977]" country="United States of America" name="Iowa" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Iowa</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFBFCE0A4D1657C8AF16A8AB" box="[796,880,1951,1977]" country="United States of America" name="Kansas" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Kansas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFBFCE0A4D8957C8AFA1A8AB" box="[899,967,1951,1977]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFBFCE0A4DD357C8A874A8AB" box="[985,1042,1951,1977]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Utah</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFBFCE0A4A2E57C8A818A8AB" box="[1060,1150,1951,1977]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFBFCE0A4A9F57C8A942A8AB" author="Burks, B. D." box="[1173,1316,1951,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref38142" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D. Jr., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107." type="book" year="1979">Burks 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577639FFBFCE0A4B4A57C8A9FEA8AB" box="[1344,1432,1951,1977]" name="Canada" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFFBFCE0A4E9D5794AD60A8CF" box="[151,262,1987,2013]" country="Canada" name="Manitoba" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Manitoba</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FFBECE0B4ECD50C1A8F4AE0F" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,285]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFFBECE0B4ECD50C1ADA1AFA2" bold="true" box="[199,455,150,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Molecular taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
Alternate sexual and asexual generations were proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FFBECE0B4A8F50C1A958AFA2" author="Digweed, S." box="[1157,1342,150,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="213 - 218" refId="ref38923" refString="Digweed, S. (2010) Diversity of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa Michx.) in southern Manitoba. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Canada, 42 (4), 213 - 218." type="journal article" year="2010">Digweed (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and are herein matched using DNA data, with four individuals (two asexual females, two sexual females) sequenced for both cytb and ITS2. Cytb haplotype sequences were identical among the four individuals (GenBank accessions
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9413AB4AFFBECE0B4E9D5155AD47AE0F" box="[151,289,258,285]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MW388885" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MW388885</accessionNumber>
|
||
,
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9413AB4AFFBECE0B4F275155ADC9AE0F" box="[301,431,258,285]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/OM321613" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">OM321613</accessionNumber>
|
||
–
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9413AB4AFFBECE0B4FB45155AE27AE0F" box="[446,577,258,285]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/OM321615" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">OM321615</accessionNumber>
|
||
), as were ITS2 sequences (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9413AB4AFFBECE0B4D655155AF95AE0F" box="[879,1011,258,285]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/OM331806" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">OM331806</accessionNumber>
|
||
–
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9413AB4AFFBECE0B4A085155A8E0AE0F" box="[1026,1158,258,285]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/OM331809" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">OM331809</accessionNumber>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |