674 lines
101 KiB
XML
674 lines
101 KiB
XML
<document id="8434555119538F375DA5B36A2B658727" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5433.3.4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10954230" ID-ZooBank="149299C6-B272-46D1-8389-46342C2CAA6C" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1712752098329" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Carvalho, Pedro Henrique Mendes, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Njoroge, Laban, Kinuthia, Wanja M. & Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes" docDate="2024" docId="03E987904956FFCBFF68FA5DFAE1FEA2" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5433.3.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5433 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5433.3.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) papiophagus Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira 2024, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="370" masterDocId="FFD0FFE8495EFFC5FFFFFFE0FFDEFFE3" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Phaeophilacris Walker, 1871 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae) from caves in Kenya, with pictorial key for Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) Gorochov, 2020" masterLastPageNumber="372" masterPageNumber="356" pageNumber="364" updateTime="1712841339742" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="ECB2859F5DBF84B5A9C6D1DF45B884FC">Two new species of Phaeophilacris Walker, 1871 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae) from caves in Kenya, with pictorial key for Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) Gorochov, 2020</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="634931AC4005F116130ACE5E7D2FFFFE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1A1BC99C0D8677F862F49B22CC372618">Carvalho, Pedro Henrique Mendes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="498922E76066DD2CAA90FAFBD1F7A509" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0859-0255</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="BA9945059DB74779D2951C3BDCE5713E">Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil, CEP 37200 - 900.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="3AA4541B10760E91E65C0A88A2C5B56E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="190C97AF39AF4EAF6C0651B5274C54BA">Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7197C1DAA9FD96326D19A90E478016B1" type="ORCID">0000-0002-3439-9991</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="0D620E017AA4BDDC561E290333D7D53B">Laboratório de Macroecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, CEP 78060 - 900, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="5D7C27862A176783740C8C48FA01DA5A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="527643C5ECC47714A6D3B91EFCA16885">Njoroge, Laban</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CECE317E006CCE138C22CB6A7B61ED46" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5853-0990</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="C5036B43FCEEC4F2F70A0F208A1DF099">National Museums of Kenya, Invertebrate Zoology Section, Box 40658 - 00100, Nairobi, Kenya</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="64FD4CF26BDCF3886EBFC163B6DCDE4C">Kinuthia, Wanja M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AA9129D0F7EE3ED2F41D670A725ECFCA">National Museums of Kenya, Invertebrate Zoology Section, Box 40658 - 00100, Nairobi, Kenya</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F6A0FF74AB5A24EAB9DD6941A10080C8">Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="243EEE86C343BE854895322A27ED18C9">Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil, CEP 37200 - 900.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="954540D988EC95044ADDC830E12A489F" type="email">drops@ufla.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="2FD1B09814EDFE1D123857A91854A499">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="ED08174C80FEA23DF786A424EA6E6664">
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<mods:date id="B67CB88D22D437AA31A35D6FDF736F36">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D8F568DDFF7CE8ADA27A593202ABEEF5">2024-04-08</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0AEED06ED71780210BEC7028BFE4CF7F">5433</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="CF6C1842E48D43376CBA86D9F9CB096C">3</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="A00EDA56C6B13F566110834172DE640E">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5433.3.4</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="2F55EEE04755E21D410AB4D7EE1B440C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="D836516A9C805D04C529DB06295B427B" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5433.3.4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E987904956FFCBFF68FA5DFAE1FEA2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954414" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10954414" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E987904956FFCBFF68FA5DFAE1FEA2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E987904956FFCBFF68FA5DFAE1FEA2" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="370" pageId="8" pageNumber="364">
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<subSubSection id="C35A650D4956FFCDFF68FA5DFD14FA34" box="[151,714,1469,1496]" pageId="8" pageNumber="364" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFF36864956FFCDFF68FA5DFD14FA34" blockId="8.[151,714,1469,1531]" box="[151,714,1469,1496]" pageId="8" pageNumber="364">
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<heading id="D0B781EA4956FFCDFF68FA5DFD14FA34" bold="true" box="[151,714,1469,1496]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="364" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B934EA944956FFCDFF68FA5DFD14FA34" bold="true" box="[151,714,1469,1496]" pageId="8" pageNumber="364">
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D054956FFCDFF68FA5DFD5FFA3B" authority="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira, 2024" authorityName="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,641,1469,1496]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Phaeophilacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papiophagus" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Taenacris">
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<emphasis id="B934EA944956FFCDFF68FA5DFE90FA3B" bold="true" box="[151,334,1469,1496]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="364">Phaeophilacris</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B934EA944956FFCDFEA0FA5DFE0BFA34" bold="true" box="[351,469,1469,1495]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="364">Taenacris</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B934EA944956FFCDFE19FA5DFD5FFA3B" bold="true" box="[486,641,1469,1496]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="364">papiophagus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757EF4956FFCDFD77FA5DFD14FA34" box="[648,714,1469,1495]" pageId="8" pageNumber="364" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C35A650D4956FFCDFF68FA01FD8AFA18" box="[151,596,1505,1531]" pageId="8" pageNumber="364" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFF36864956FFCDFF68FA01FD8AFA18" blockId="8.[151,714,1469,1531]" box="[151,596,1505,1531]" pageId="8" pageNumber="364">
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(
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<figureCitation id="137B2A034956FFCDFF60FA01FE9AFA18" box="[159,324,1505,1531]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–27" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1417,1441]" captionTargetBox="[162,1431,186,1383]" captionTargetId="figure-28@9.[151,1436,181,1393]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 23–27. Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) papiophagus n. sp. (holotype) male genitalia. (2) dorsal view, (3) ventral view, (4) frontal view, (5) laterofrontal view, (6) lateral view. Abbreviations: A.p., apodema principale; Ect.av., ectoparameric anteroventral lobe; Ect.pd., ectoparameric posterodorsal lobe; Ep.a., anterior portion of the epiphallus; Ep.p., posterior portion of the epiphallus; Ep.pl., epiphallic posterolateral lobes; F., formula; R., rachis; Rm., rami." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10954244/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="364">Figures 23–27</figureCitation>
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,
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||
<figureCitation id="137B2A034956FFCDFEAFFA01FE46FA18" box="[336,408,1505,1531]" captionStart="FIGURES 28–32" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1722,1746]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[151,1436,237,1699]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 28–32. Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) papiophagus n. sp. (holotype) male body morphology. (28) head in dorsal view; (29) head in lateral view, compound eye and head in frontal view highlighted; (30) tegmina in lateral view; (31) supra-anal plate in dorsal view; (32) tegmina dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10954246/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="364">28–32</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="137B2A034956FFCDFE5BFA01FE33FA18" box="[420,493,1505,1531]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–36" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,211,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-24@12.[179,1408,201,1939]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 33–36. Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) papiophagus n. sp. habitat.(33) Rift Valley, Mount Suswa, Baboons cave external environment; (34) Baboons cave entrance; (35) African Giant Free-Tailed Bats, Otomops harrisoni; (36) Baboon carcass." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954250" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10954250/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="364">33–36</figureCitation>
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||
;
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||
<tableCitation id="C6C2033D4956FFCDFE07FA01FD92FA18" box="[504,588,1505,1531]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="13.[151,244,1230,1256]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 2. Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) papiophagus n. sp., morphological measurements (mm) of the male adult specimen." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3F660E4953FFC8FF68FB2EFED7FAEE" pageId="8" pageNumber="364" tableUuid="DF3F660E4953FFC8FF68FB2EFED7FAEE">Table 2</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C35A650D4956FFCDFF68F9C9FC5DF94C" pageId="8" pageNumber="364" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BFF36864956FFCDFF68F9C9FC5DF94C" blockId="8.[151,1437,1577,2036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="364">
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<emphasis id="B934EA944956FFCDFF68F9C9FE7EF9A0" bold="true" box="[151,416,1577,1603]" pageId="8" pageNumber="364">Material examined—</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B283CDB4956FFCDFE5FF9C9FC5DF94C" collectingDate="2020-01-23" collectionCode="NMK, R, II, III" collectorName="R. L. Ferreira" country="Kenya" county="Baboons cave" latitude="-1.1317838" location="Rift Valley" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="36.40477" municipality="Mount Suswa" pageId="8" pageNumber="364" specimenCode="NMK/INV/T-750" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54FB88244956FFCDFE5FF9C9FDD6F9A0" box="[416,520,1577,1603]" pageId="8" pageNumber="364" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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(
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<specimenCode id="DBE69EFD4956FFCDFDDDF9C9FD30F9A7" box="[546,750,1577,1604]" pageId="8" pageNumber="364">NMK/INV/T-750</specimenCode>
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),
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<specimenCount id="9D46FD0F4956FFCDFCF4F9CAFCFCF9A7" box="[779,802,1578,1604]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="364" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F35776164956FFCDFCC6F9CAFC5BF9A7" box="[825,901,1578,1604]" name="Kenya" pageId="8" pageNumber="364">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<location id="8E9F605D4956FFCDFC64F9C9FBFFF9A0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E987904956FFCBFF68FA5DFAE1FEA2:8E9F605D4956FFCDFC64F9C9FBFFF9A0" box="[923,1057,1577,1603]" country="Kenya" county="Baboons cave" latitude="-1.1317838" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="36.40477" municipality="Mount Suswa" name="Rift Valley" pageId="8" pageNumber="364">Rift Valley</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B9BACFC4956FFCDFBC9F9CAFB01F9A0" box="[1078,1247,1577,1604]" pageId="8" pageNumber="364">Mount Suswa</collectingMunicipality>
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||
,
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<collectingCounty id="629E4E0A4956FFCDFB0AF9C9FA42F9A7" box="[1269,1436,1577,1604]" pageId="8" pageNumber="364">Baboons cave</collectingCounty>
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||
(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE7450414956FFCDFF60F9ADFE89F98B" box="[159,343,1613,1640]" degrees="36" direction="east" minutes="24" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="364" precision="1" seconds="17.168" value="36.40477">36°24’17.168”E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7450414956FFCDFE94F9ADFDD9F98B" box="[363,519,1613,1640]" degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="7" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="364" precision="1" seconds="54.422" value="-1.1317838">1°7’54.422”S</geoCoordinate>
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),
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||
<date id="FFFE10464956FFCDFDDEF9ADFD51F984" box="[545,655,1613,1639]" pageId="8" pageNumber="364" value="2020-01-23">
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<collectingDate id="EFBAE9AE4956FFCDFDDEF9ADFD51F984" box="[545,655,1613,1639]" pageId="8" pageNumber="364" value="2020-01-23">23.I.2020</collectingDate>
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</date>
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||
,
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<collectorName id="26B553504956FFCDFD5FF9AEFCE4F984" box="[672,826,1613,1640]" pageId="8" pageNumber="364">R.L. Ferreira</collectorName>
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; condition: body coloration slightly tarnished, male genitalia dissected and stored alongside the holotype, subgenital plate, left legs I and II detached and also stored alongside the holotype, left leg III, and right legs I and III missing.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35A650D4956FFCDFF38F959FCD4F810" pageId="8" pageNumber="364" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BFF36864956FFCDFF38F959FCD4F810" blockId="8.[151,1437,1577,2036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="364">
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<emphasis id="B934EA944956FFCDFF38F959FE88F930" bold="true" box="[199,342,1721,1747]" pageId="8" pageNumber="364">Diagnosis—</emphasis>
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Combination of the following characteristics: posterior portion of the epiphallus membranous and slightly U-shaped (
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<figureCitation id="137B2A034956FFCDFE54F93DFDDCF914" box="[427,514,1757,1783]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–27" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1417,1441]" captionTargetBox="[162,1431,186,1383]" captionTargetId="figure-28@9.[151,1436,181,1393]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 23–27. Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) papiophagus n. sp. (holotype) male genitalia. (2) dorsal view, (3) ventral view, (4) frontal view, (5) laterofrontal view, (6) lateral view. Abbreviations: A.p., apodema principale; Ect.av., ectoparameric anteroventral lobe; Ect.pd., ectoparameric posterodorsal lobe; Ep.a., anterior portion of the epiphallus; Ep.p., posterior portion of the epiphallus; Ep.pl., epiphallic posterolateral lobes; F., formula; R., rachis; Rm., rami." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10954244/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="364">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
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, E.p.); posterolateral lobe of the epiphallus short and dorsally projected, apex subtriangular and also dorsally projected, tip facing the anterior region of the phallic complex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A034956FFCDFB1FF8E1FF6BF8DC" captionStart="FIGURES 23–27" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1417,1441]" captionTargetBox="[162,1431,186,1383]" captionTargetId="figure-28@9.[151,1436,181,1393]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 23–27. Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) papiophagus n. sp. (holotype) male genitalia. (2) dorsal view, (3) ventral view, (4) frontal view, (5) laterofrontal view, (6) lateral view. Abbreviations: A.p., apodema principale; Ect.av., ectoparameric anteroventral lobe; Ect.pd., ectoparameric posterodorsal lobe; Ep.a., anterior portion of the epiphallus; Ep.p., posterior portion of the epiphallus; Ep.pl., epiphallic posterolateral lobes; F., formula; R., rachis; Rm., rami." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10954244/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="364">Figs. 24, 26 and 27</figureCitation>
|
||
, Ep.pl.); ectoparameres divided into anteroventral and posterodorsal lobes, posterior margin of the anteroventral lobe with a short, centralized, rounded and more pronounced projection pointing towards the posterior region of the genitalia, posterodorsal lobes more tapered than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D054956FFCDFCB9F88EFC00F864" authority="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira, 2024" authorityName="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira" authorityYear="2024" box="[838,990,1901,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Phaeophilacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kereita" status="n. sp." subGenus="Taenacris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944956FFCDFCB9F88EFC85F864" box="[838,859,1902,1927]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="364">P.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944956FFCDFC93F88EFC5FF864" box="[876,897,1902,1927]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="364">T.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944956FFCDFC6EF88DFC00F864" box="[913,990,1901,1927]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="364">kereita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944956FFCDFC1AF88DFBFBF864" bold="true" box="[997,1061,1901,1927]" pageId="8" pageNumber="364">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757EF4956FFCDFC1AF88DFBFBF864" box="[997,1061,1901,1927]" pageId="8" pageNumber="364" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, ventral margin with a small, but pronounced rounded projection adjacent to the posterior margin of the anteroventral lobe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A034956FFCDFB49F871FA9FF848" box="[1206,1345,1937,1963]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–27" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1417,1441]" captionTargetBox="[162,1431,186,1383]" captionTargetId="figure-28@9.[151,1436,181,1393]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 23–27. Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) papiophagus n. sp. (holotype) male genitalia. (2) dorsal view, (3) ventral view, (4) frontal view, (5) laterofrontal view, (6) lateral view. Abbreviations: A.p., apodema principale; Ect.av., ectoparameric anteroventral lobe; Ect.pd., ectoparameric posterodorsal lobe; Ep.a., anterior portion of the epiphallus; Ep.p., posterior portion of the epiphallus; Ep.pl., epiphallic posterolateral lobes; F., formula; R., rachis; Rm., rami." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10954244/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="364">Figs. 24–27</figureCitation>
|
||
, Ect.av. and Ect.pd.); rachis with an anteromedial constriction, forming a ring around the posterior portion of the formula, posterior margin subtriangular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A034956FFCDFE04F839FD0AF810" box="[507,724,2009,2036]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–27" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1417,1441]" captionTargetBox="[162,1431,186,1383]" captionTargetId="figure-28@9.[151,1436,181,1393]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 23–27. Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) papiophagus n. sp. (holotype) male genitalia. (2) dorsal view, (3) ventral view, (4) frontal view, (5) laterofrontal view, (6) lateral view. Abbreviations: A.p., apodema principale; Ect.av., ectoparameric anteroventral lobe; Ect.pd., ectoparameric posterodorsal lobe; Ep.a., anterior portion of the epiphallus; Ep.p., posterior portion of the epiphallus; Ep.pl., epiphallic posterolateral lobes; F., formula; R., rachis; Rm., rami." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10954244/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="364">Figs. 24, 25 and 27</figureCitation>
|
||
, R.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF3F660E4957FFCCFF68FA69FBF2F9EE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954244" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10954244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10954244/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="365" startId="9.[151,264,1417,1441]" targetBox="[162,1431,186,1383]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36864957FFCCFF68FA69FBF2F9EE" blockId="9.[151,1436,1417,1549]" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944957FFCCFF68FA69FE8CFA42" bold="true" box="[151,338,1417,1441]" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">FIGURES 23–27</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D054957FFCCFE9BFA69FCD2FA42" authority="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira, 2024" authorityName="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira" authorityYear="2024" box="[356,780,1417,1441]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Phaeophilacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papiophagus" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Taenacris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944957FFCCFE9BFA69FE21FA42" box="[356,511,1417,1441]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">Phaeophilacris</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944957FFCCFDEDFA6AFDABFA42" box="[530,629,1418,1441]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">Taenacris</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944957FFCCFD76FA69FCD2FA42" box="[649,780,1417,1441]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">papiophagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944957FFCCFCE8FA69FC8BFA42" bold="true" box="[791,853,1417,1441]" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757EF4957FFCCFCE8FA69FC8BFA42" box="[791,853,1417,1441]" pageId="9" pageNumber="365" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(holotype) male genitalia. (2) dorsal view, (3) ventral view, (4) frontal view, (5) laterofrontal view, (6) lateral view. Abbreviations: A.p., apodema principale; Ect.av., ectoparameric anteroventral lobe; Ect.pd., ectoparameric posterodorsal lobe; Ep.a., anterior portion of the epiphallus; Ep.p., posterior portion of the epiphallus; Ep.pl., epiphallic posterolateral lobes; F., formula; R., rachis; Rm., rami.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A650D4957FFCEFF38F9DBFE89F996" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="367" pageId="9" pageNumber="365" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36864957FFCEFF38F9DBFCAFFD82" blockId="9.[151,1437,1595,2018]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="367" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944957FFCCFF38F9DBFEABF9B6" bold="true" box="[199,373,1595,1621]" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FB88244957FFCCFE78F9DBFE33F9B6" box="[391,493,1595,1621]" pageId="9" pageNumber="365" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A034957FFCCFE03F9DBFD5CF9B6" box="[508,642,1595,1621]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–27" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1417,1441]" captionTargetBox="[162,1431,186,1383]" captionTargetId="figure-28@9.[151,1436,181,1393]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 23–27. Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) papiophagus n. sp. (holotype) male genitalia. (2) dorsal view, (3) ventral view, (4) frontal view, (5) laterofrontal view, (6) lateral view. Abbreviations: A.p., apodema principale; Ect.av., ectoparameric anteroventral lobe; Ect.pd., ectoparameric posterodorsal lobe; Ep.a., anterior portion of the epiphallus; Ep.p., posterior portion of the epiphallus; Ep.pl., epiphallic posterolateral lobes; F., formula; R., rachis; Rm., rami." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10954244/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">Figs. 23–27</figureCitation>
|
||
)—phallic complex short in general view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A034957FFCCFB8CF9DBFADFF9B6" box="[1139,1281,1595,1621]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–27" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1417,1441]" captionTargetBox="[162,1431,186,1383]" captionTargetId="figure-28@9.[151,1436,181,1393]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 23–27. Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) papiophagus n. sp. (holotype) male genitalia. (2) dorsal view, (3) ventral view, (4) frontal view, (5) laterofrontal view, (6) lateral view. Abbreviations: A.p., apodema principale; Ect.av., ectoparameric anteroventral lobe; Ect.pd., ectoparameric posterodorsal lobe; Ep.a., anterior portion of the epiphallus; Ep.p., posterior portion of the epiphallus; Ep.pl., epiphallic posterolateral lobes; F., formula; R., rachis; Rm., rami." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10954244/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">Figs. 23–27</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944957FFCCFAE9F9DBFA4AF9B5" bold="true" box="[1302,1428,1595,1622]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">Epiphallus</emphasis>
|
||
: anterior portion minimally dorsally projected and highly inclined towards the anterior region of the body in comparison to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D054957FFCCFEC2F964FE08F97E" authority="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira, 2024" authorityName="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira" authorityYear="2024" box="[317,470,1667,1693]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Phaeophilacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="370" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kereita" status="n. sp." subGenus="Taenacris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944957FFCCFEC2F964FE8DF97E" box="[317,339,1668,1693]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">P.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944957FFCCFE9DF964FEACF97E" box="[354,370,1668,1693]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">T</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944957FFCCFE76F963FE08F97E" box="[393,470,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">kereita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944957FFCCFE23F963FDC5F97E" bold="true" box="[476,539,1667,1693]" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757EF4957FFCCFE23F963FDC5F97E" box="[476,539,1667,1693]" pageId="9" pageNumber="365" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral margins rounded and expanding, to a small extent, towards the posterior end of the genitalia, akin to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D054957FFCCFE24F948FDABF922" authority="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira, 2024" authorityName="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira" authorityYear="2024" box="[475,629,1703,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Phaeophilacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kereita" status="n. sp." subGenus="Taenacris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944957FFCCFE24F948FE2EF922" box="[475,496,1704,1729]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">P.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944957FFCCFDFDF948FDC9F922" box="[514,535,1704,1729]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">T.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944957FFCCFDD7F947FDABF922" box="[552,629,1703,1729]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">kereita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944957FFCCFD81F947FD60F922" bold="true" box="[638,702,1703,1729]" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757EF4957FFCCFD81F947FD60F922" box="[638,702,1703,1729]" pageId="9" pageNumber="365" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A034957FFCCFD30F947FC5AF922" box="[719,900,1703,1729]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–27" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1417,1441]" captionTargetBox="[162,1431,186,1383]" captionTargetId="figure-28@9.[151,1436,181,1393]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 23–27. Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) papiophagus n. sp. (holotype) male genitalia. (2) dorsal view, (3) ventral view, (4) frontal view, (5) laterofrontal view, (6) lateral view. Abbreviations: A.p., apodema principale; Ect.av., ectoparameric anteroventral lobe; Ect.pd., ectoparameric posterodorsal lobe; Ep.a., anterior portion of the epiphallus; Ep.p., posterior portion of the epiphallus; Ep.pl., epiphallic posterolateral lobes; F., formula; R., rachis; Rm., rami." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10954244/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">Figs. 23 and 27</figureCitation>
|
||
, Ep. a.); posterior portion membranous and Ushaped to a lesser extent when compared to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D054957FFCCFD15F92CFC5BF906" authority="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira, 2024" authorityName="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira" authorityYear="2024" box="[746,901,1739,1765]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Phaeophilacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kereita" status="n. sp." subGenus="Taenacris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944957FFCCFD15F92CFD21F906" box="[746,767,1740,1765]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">P.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944957FFCCFCEEF92CFCF8F906" box="[785,806,1740,1765]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">T.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944957FFCCFCC7F92BFC5BF906" box="[824,901,1739,1765]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">kereita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944957FFCCFC71F92BFC11F906" bold="true" box="[910,975,1739,1765]" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757EF4957FFCCFC71F92BFC11F906" box="[910,975,1739,1765]" pageId="9" pageNumber="365" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A034957FFCCFC1EF92BFB49F906" box="[993,1175,1739,1765]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–27" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1417,1441]" captionTargetBox="[162,1431,186,1383]" captionTargetId="figure-28@9.[151,1436,181,1393]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 23–27. Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) papiophagus n. sp. (holotype) male genitalia. (2) dorsal view, (3) ventral view, (4) frontal view, (5) laterofrontal view, (6) lateral view. Abbreviations: A.p., apodema principale; Ect.av., ectoparameric anteroventral lobe; Ect.pd., ectoparameric posterodorsal lobe; Ep.a., anterior portion of the epiphallus; Ep.p., posterior portion of the epiphallus; Ep.pl., epiphallic posterolateral lobes; F., formula; R., rachis; Rm., rami." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10954244/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">Figs. 23 and 24</figureCitation>
|
||
, Ep. p.); posterolateral lobes shorter than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D054957FFCCFE3DF910FD89F8EA" authority="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira, 2024" authorityName="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira" authorityYear="2024" box="[450,599,1775,1801]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Phaeophilacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kereita" status="n. sp." subGenus="Taenacris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944957FFCCFE3DF910FE09F8EA" box="[450,471,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">P.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944957FFCCFE19F910FE25F8EA" box="[486,507,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">T.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944957FFCCFDF5F90FFD89F8EA" box="[522,599,1775,1801]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">kereita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944957FFCCFDA2F90FFD45F8EA" bold="true" box="[605,667,1775,1801]" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757EF4957FFCCFDA2F90FFD45F8EA" box="[605,667,1775,1801]" pageId="9" pageNumber="365" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, but not curved inwards (in dorsal and ventral views), predominantly membranous, with a sligthly sclerotized band extending along their entire length, apex subtriangular and dorsally projected, similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D054957FFCCFE81F8D8FDC8F8B2" authority="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira, 2024" authorityName="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira" authorityYear="2024" box="[382,534,1847,1873]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Phaeophilacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="370" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kereita" status="n. sp." subGenus="Taenacris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944957FFCCFE81F8D8FE4DF8B2" box="[382,403,1848,1873]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">P.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944957FFCCFE5DF8D8FE6CF8B2" box="[418,434,1848,1873]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">T</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944957FFCCFE36F8D7FDC8F8B2" box="[457,534,1847,1873]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">kereita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944957FFCCFDE3F8D7FD85F8B2" bold="true" box="[540,603,1847,1873]" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757EF4957FFCCFDE3F8D7FD85F8B2" box="[540,603,1847,1873]" pageId="9" pageNumber="365" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, but with the tip facing the anterior region of the phallic complex, with the dorsolateral surface covered with setae, lateral setae elongated, similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D054957FFCCFC44F8BCFB8EF896" authority="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira, 2024" authorityName="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira" authorityYear="2024" box="[955,1104,1883,1909]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Phaeophilacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="370" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kereita" status="n. sp." subGenus="Taenacris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944957FFCCFC44F8BCFC0FF896" box="[955,977,1884,1909]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">P.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944957FFCCFC21F8BCFC30F896" box="[990,1006,1884,1909]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">T</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944957FFCCFBFCF8BBFB8EF896" box="[1027,1104,1883,1909]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">kereita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944957FFCCFBABF8BBFB4FF896" bold="true" box="[1108,1169,1883,1909]" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757EF4957FFCCFBABF8BBFB4FF896" box="[1108,1169,1883,1909]" pageId="9" pageNumber="365" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A034957FFCCFB61F8BBFA49F896" box="[1182,1431,1883,1909]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–27" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1417,1441]" captionTargetBox="[162,1431,186,1383]" captionTargetId="figure-28@9.[151,1436,181,1393]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 23–27. Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) papiophagus n. sp. (holotype) male genitalia. (2) dorsal view, (3) ventral view, (4) frontal view, (5) laterofrontal view, (6) lateral view. Abbreviations: A.p., apodema principale; Ect.av., ectoparameric anteroventral lobe; Ect.pd., ectoparameric posterodorsal lobe; Ep.a., anterior portion of the epiphallus; Ep.p., posterior portion of the epiphallus; Ep.pl., epiphallic posterolateral lobes; F., formula; R., rachis; Rm., rami." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10954244/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">Figs. 23, 24, 26 and 27</figureCitation>
|
||
, Ep. pl.); rami present, slightly sclerotized, elongated, longer than the apodema principale (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A034957FFCCFB83F89FFA8CF87A" box="[1148,1362,1919,1945]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–27" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1417,1441]" captionTargetBox="[162,1431,186,1383]" captionTargetId="figure-28@9.[151,1436,181,1393]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 23–27. Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) papiophagus n. sp. (holotype) male genitalia. (2) dorsal view, (3) ventral view, (4) frontal view, (5) laterofrontal view, (6) lateral view. Abbreviations: A.p., apodema principale; Ect.av., ectoparameric anteroventral lobe; Ect.pd., ectoparameric posterodorsal lobe; Ep.a., anterior portion of the epiphallus; Ep.p., posterior portion of the epiphallus; Ep.pl., epiphallic posterolateral lobes; F., formula; R., rachis; Rm., rami." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10954244/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">Figs. 23, 24 and 27</figureCitation>
|
||
, Rm.).
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944957FFCCFF68F844FE9BF85D" bold="true" box="[151,325,1956,1982]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">Ectoparameres</emphasis>
|
||
: sclerotized and divided into anteroventral lobe and posterodorsal lobe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A034957FFCCFB9FF843FB39F85E" box="[1120,1255,1955,1981]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–27" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1417,1441]" captionTargetBox="[162,1431,186,1383]" captionTargetId="figure-28@9.[151,1436,181,1393]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 23–27. Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) papiophagus n. sp. (holotype) male genitalia. (2) dorsal view, (3) ventral view, (4) frontal view, (5) laterofrontal view, (6) lateral view. Abbreviations: A.p., apodema principale; Ect.av., ectoparameric anteroventral lobe; Ect.pd., ectoparameric posterodorsal lobe; Ep.a., anterior portion of the epiphallus; Ep.p., posterior portion of the epiphallus; Ep.pl., epiphallic posterolateral lobes; F., formula; R., rachis; Rm., rami." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10954244/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="365">Figs. 24–27</figureCitation>
|
||
, Ect.av. and Ect. pd.); anteroventral lobe developed, expanding both ventrally and laterally, with an almost quadrangular contour that is more defined than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D054955FFCEFE22FF77FDA9FF52" authority="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira, 2024" authorityName="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira" authorityYear="2024" box="[477,631,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Phaeophilacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kereita" status="n. sp." subGenus="Taenacris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFE22FF77FE2CFF53" box="[477,498,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">P.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFDFBFF77FDC7FF53" box="[516,537,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">T.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFDD5FF77FDA9FF52" box="[554,631,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">kereita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFD7FFF77FD1EFF52" bold="true" box="[640,704,151,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757EF4955FFCEFD7FFF77FD1EFF52" box="[640,704,151,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="367" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, rounded projections situated in the inner and posterior margins are also more pronounced than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D054955FFCEFDAAFF5BFD35FF36" authority="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira, 2024" authorityName="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira" authorityYear="2024" box="[597,747,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Phaeophilacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kereita" status="n. sp." subGenus="Taenacris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFDAAFF5BFDB5FF37" box="[597,619,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">P.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFD85FF5BFD51FF37" box="[634,655,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">T.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFD61FF5BFD35FF36" box="[670,747,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">kereita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFD0DFF5BFCEEFF36" bold="true" box="[754,816,187,213]" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757EF4955FFCEFD0DFF5BFCEEFF36" box="[754,816,187,213]" pageId="11" pageNumber="367" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A034955FFCEFCC0FF5BFC18FF36" box="[831,966,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–27" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1417,1441]" captionTargetBox="[162,1431,186,1383]" captionTargetId="figure-28@9.[151,1436,181,1393]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 23–27. Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) papiophagus n. sp. (holotype) male genitalia. (2) dorsal view, (3) ventral view, (4) frontal view, (5) laterofrontal view, (6) lateral view. Abbreviations: A.p., apodema principale; Ect.av., ectoparameric anteroventral lobe; Ect.pd., ectoparameric posterodorsal lobe; Ep.a., anterior portion of the epiphallus; Ep.p., posterior portion of the epiphallus; Ep.pl., epiphallic posterolateral lobes; F., formula; R., rachis; Rm., rami." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10954244/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">Figs. 24–27</figureCitation>
|
||
, Ect.av.); posterodorsal lobe more tapered than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D054955FFCEFEDAFF3FFE1FFF1A" authority="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira, 2024" authorityName="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira" authorityYear="2024" box="[293,449,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Phaeophilacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kereita" status="n. sp." subGenus="Taenacris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFEDAFF3FFEE4FF1B" box="[293,314,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">P.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFEB3FF3FFEBCFF1B" box="[332,354,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">T.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFE8BFF3FFE1FFF1A" box="[372,449,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">kereita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFE35FF3FFDD5FF1A" bold="true" box="[458,523,223,249]" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757EF4955FFCEFE35FF3FFDD5FF1A" box="[458,523,223,249]" pageId="11" pageNumber="367" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, extending towards the posterior region of the genitalia, slightly surpassing the posterior margin of the epiphallus in length and slightly curving away from the center of the genitalia, with a shape similar to that of a fin in ventral view, outline roughly V-shaped in lateral and laterofrontal views, ventral margin with a small, but pronounced rounded projection adjacent to the posterior margin of the anteroventral lobe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A034955FFCEFA9BFEABFF3EFE6A" captionStart="FIGURES 23–27" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1417,1441]" captionTargetBox="[162,1431,186,1383]" captionTargetId="figure-28@9.[151,1436,181,1393]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 23–27. Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) papiophagus n. sp. (holotype) male genitalia. (2) dorsal view, (3) ventral view, (4) frontal view, (5) laterofrontal view, (6) lateral view. Abbreviations: A.p., apodema principale; Ect.av., ectoparameric anteroventral lobe; Ect.pd., ectoparameric posterodorsal lobe; Ep.a., anterior portion of the epiphallus; Ep.p., posterior portion of the epiphallus; Ep.pl., epiphallic posterolateral lobes; F., formula; R., rachis; Rm., rami." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10954244/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">Figs. 24–27</figureCitation>
|
||
, Ect. pd.).
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFE9DFE8EFDD1FE6A" bold="true" box="[354,527,366,393]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">Endoparamere</emphasis>
|
||
: apodema principale slightly sclerotized, concave (in lateral view), extremities slightly dorsally projected (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A034955FFCEFE2DFE73FD54FE4E" box="[466,650,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–27" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1417,1441]" captionTargetBox="[162,1431,186,1383]" captionTargetId="figure-28@9.[151,1436,181,1393]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 23–27. Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) papiophagus n. sp. (holotype) male genitalia. (2) dorsal view, (3) ventral view, (4) frontal view, (5) laterofrontal view, (6) lateral view. Abbreviations: A.p., apodema principale; Ect.av., ectoparameric anteroventral lobe; Ect.pd., ectoparameric posterodorsal lobe; Ep.a., anterior portion of the epiphallus; Ep.p., posterior portion of the epiphallus; Ep.pl., epiphallic posterolateral lobes; F., formula; R., rachis; Rm., rami." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10954244/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">Figs. 23 and 27</figureCitation>
|
||
, A.p.).
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFD1EFE72FCEEFE4E" bold="true" box="[737,816,402,429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">Rachis</emphasis>
|
||
: almost as long as the central margin of the posterior portion of the epiphallus, sclerotized, with an anteromedial constriction, forming a ring around the posterior portion of the formula, resembling
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D054955FFCEFE2EFE3BFDB2FE16" authority="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira, 2024" authorityName="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira" authorityYear="2024" box="[465,620,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Phaeophilacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kereita" status="n. sp." subGenus="Taenacris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFE2EFE3BFE39FE17" box="[465,487,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">P.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFE07FE3BFDD0FE17" box="[504,526,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">T.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFDE0FE3BFDB2FE16" box="[543,620,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">kereita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFD8AFE3BFD68FE16" bold="true" box="[629,694,475,501]" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757EF4955FFCEFD8AFE3BFD68FE16" box="[629,694,475,501]" pageId="11" pageNumber="367" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, posterior margin subtriangular, with a more tapered outline and small acute centered projection in frontal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A034955FFCEFD55FE1FFC89FDFA" box="[682,855,510,537]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–27" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1417,1441]" captionTargetBox="[162,1431,186,1383]" captionTargetId="figure-28@9.[151,1436,181,1393]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 23–27. Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) papiophagus n. sp. (holotype) male genitalia. (2) dorsal view, (3) ventral view, (4) frontal view, (5) laterofrontal view, (6) lateral view. Abbreviations: A.p., apodema principale; Ect.av., ectoparameric anteroventral lobe; Ect.pd., ectoparameric posterodorsal lobe; Ep.a., anterior portion of the epiphallus; Ep.p., posterior portion of the epiphallus; Ep.pl., epiphallic posterolateral lobes; F., formula; R., rachis; Rm., rami." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10954244/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">Figs. 24 and 25</figureCitation>
|
||
, R.).
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFC6CFE1EFC24FDFA" bold="true" box="[915,1018,510,537]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">Formula</emphasis>
|
||
: shorter than the apodema principale, rectangular in shape and sclerotized, with the region adjacent to the constriction of the rachis being more sclerotized and smaller in diameter than the rest of the structure (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A034955FFCEFD11FDA7FC9FFD82" box="[750,833,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–27" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1417,1441]" captionTargetBox="[162,1431,186,1383]" captionTargetId="figure-28@9.[151,1436,181,1393]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 23–27. Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) papiophagus n. sp. (holotype) male genitalia. (2) dorsal view, (3) ventral view, (4) frontal view, (5) laterofrontal view, (6) lateral view. Abbreviations: A.p., apodema principale; Ect.av., ectoparameric anteroventral lobe; Ect.pd., ectoparameric posterodorsal lobe; Ep.a., anterior portion of the epiphallus; Ep.p., posterior portion of the epiphallus; Ep.pl., epiphallic posterolateral lobes; F., formula; R., rachis; Rm., rami." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10954244/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
, F.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3F660E4954FFCFFF68F95AFDE6F8F9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954246" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10954246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10954246/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="366" startId="10.[151,264,1722,1746]" targetBox="[151,1436,237,1699]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36864954FFCFFF68F95AFDE6F8F9" blockId="10.[151,1436,1722,1818]" pageId="10" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944954FFCFFF68F95AFE93F931" bold="true" box="[151,333,1722,1746]" pageId="10" pageNumber="366">FIGURES 28–32</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D054954FFCFFEA6F95AFD29F931" authority="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira, 2024" authorityName="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira" authorityYear="2024" box="[345,759,1722,1746]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Phaeophilacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papiophagus" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Taenacris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944954FFCFFEA6F95AFE2AF931" box="[345,500,1722,1746]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="366">Phaeophilacris</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944954FFCFFDFDF95BFDBBF931" box="[514,613,1723,1746]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="366">Taenacris</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944954FFCFFD8BF95AFD29F931" box="[628,759,1722,1746]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="366">papiophagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944954FFCFFD02F95AFCEBF931" bold="true" box="[765,821,1722,1746]" pageId="10" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757EF4954FFCFFD02F95AFCEBF931" box="[765,821,1722,1746]" pageId="10" pageNumber="366" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(holotype) male body morphology. (28) head in dorsal view; (29) head in lateral view, compound eye and head in frontal view highlighted; (30) tegmina in lateral view; (31) supra-anal plate in dorsal view; (32) tegmina dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36864955FFCEFF38FD8BFE89F996" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFF38FD8BFE40FD66" bold="true" box="[199,414,619,645]" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">Body morphology</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FB88244955FFCEFE51FD8BFDCAFD66" box="[430,532,619,645]" pageId="11" pageNumber="367" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A034955FFCEFDDFFD8BFD78FD66" box="[544,678,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 28–32" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1722,1746]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[151,1436,237,1699]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 28–32. Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) papiophagus n. sp. (holotype) male body morphology. (28) head in dorsal view; (29) head in lateral view, compound eye and head in frontal view highlighted; (30) tegmina in lateral view; (31) supra-anal plate in dorsal view; (32) tegmina dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10954246/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">Figs. 28–32</figureCitation>
|
||
)—
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFD34FD8AFB72FD66" box="[715,1196,618,645]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFD34FD8AFC97FD66" bold="true" box="[715,841,618,645]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">Body color</emphasis>
|
||
(after fixation in ethanol 70%)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: head, pronotum and tegmina ranging from yellowish-orange to brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A034955FFCEFD20FD6FFC1CFD4A" box="[735,962,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURES 28–32" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1722,1746]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[151,1436,237,1699]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 28–32. Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) papiophagus n. sp. (holotype) male body morphology. (28) head in dorsal view; (29) head in lateral view, compound eye and head in frontal view highlighted; (30) tegmina in lateral view; (31) supra-anal plate in dorsal view; (32) tegmina dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10954246/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">Figs. 28–30 and 32</figureCitation>
|
||
), abdomen, cerci and legs (I and II) pale whitish-yellow;
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFEADFD52FD04FD2E" box="[338,730,690,717]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFEADFD52FE0DFD2E" bold="true" box="[338,467,690,717]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">Body color</emphasis>
|
||
(in vivo observations)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: general coloration dark brown, locomotor appendages light yellowish-red.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFEBDFD36FE5EFD12" bold="true" box="[322,384,726,753]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">Head</emphasis>
|
||
: slightly pubescent, dorsoventrally elongated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A034955FFCEFC63FD37FB88FD12" box="[924,1110,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURES 28–32" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1722,1746]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[151,1436,237,1699]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 28–32. Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) papiophagus n. sp. (holotype) male body morphology. (28) head in dorsal view; (29) head in lateral view, compound eye and head in frontal view highlighted; (30) tegmina in lateral view; (31) supra-anal plate in dorsal view; (32) tegmina dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10954246/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">Figs. 28 and 29</figureCitation>
|
||
), fastigium covered by long setae and approximately as wide as half the length of the antennal scape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A034955FFCEFC32FD1BFBFFFCF6" box="[973,1057,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 28–32" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1722,1746]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[151,1436,237,1699]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 28–32. Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) papiophagus n. sp. (holotype) male body morphology. (28) head in dorsal view; (29) head in lateral view, compound eye and head in frontal view highlighted; (30) tegmina in lateral view; (31) supra-anal plate in dorsal view; (32) tegmina dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10954246/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
); scape well-developed, 1.5 times longer than the compound eyes in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A034955FFCEFD50FCFFFCDAFCDA" box="[687,772,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURES 28–32" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1722,1746]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[151,1436,237,1699]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 28–32. Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) papiophagus n. sp. (holotype) male body morphology. (28) head in dorsal view; (29) head in lateral view, compound eye and head in frontal view highlighted; (30) tegmina in lateral view; (31) supra-anal plate in dorsal view; (32) tegmina dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10954246/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
|
||
); maxillary palp divided into five palpomeres, the first two short and of similar length, palpomeres III and IV elongated and of comparable length, the terminal palpomere longer than the others with a club-shaped apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A034955FFCEFD51FC87FCDCFC62" box="[686,770,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURES 28–32" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1722,1746]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[151,1436,237,1699]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 28–32. Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) papiophagus n. sp. (holotype) male body morphology. (28) head in dorsal view; (29) head in lateral view, compound eye and head in frontal view highlighted; (30) tegmina in lateral view; (31) supra-anal plate in dorsal view; (32) tegmina dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10954246/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
|
||
); labial palp short and divided into three parts, the posterior palpomere as long as the anterior and median palpomeres combined, featuring a rounded and dilated apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A034955FFCEFAC4FC6BFA51FC46" box="[1339,1423,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 28–32" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1722,1746]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[151,1436,237,1699]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 28–32. Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) papiophagus n. sp. (holotype) male body morphology. (28) head in dorsal view; (29) head in lateral view, compound eye and head in frontal view highlighted; (30) tegmina in lateral view; (31) supra-anal plate in dorsal view; (32) tegmina dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10954246/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
|
||
); ocelli absent, and the compound eyes slightly reduced, dorsal region near the antennal cavities depigmented (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A034955FFCEFA9BFC4FFED4FC0E" captionStart="FIGURES 28–32" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1722,1746]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[151,1436,237,1699]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 28–32. Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) papiophagus n. sp. (holotype) male body morphology. (28) head in dorsal view; (29) head in lateral view, compound eye and head in frontal view highlighted; (30) tegmina in lateral view; (31) supra-anal plate in dorsal view; (32) tegmina dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10954246/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">Figs. 28 and 29</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFEE1FC32FEAAFC0E" bold="true" box="[286,372,978,1005]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: pronotum pubescent, with its anterior and posterior margins arched and covered by elongated bristles, the median region intersected by an anteroposterior groove, lateral lobes subtriangular, facing downward and forward, being slightly shifted towards the anterior region of the pronotum in comparison to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D054955FFCEFB1AFBFBFAA0FBD6" authority="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira, 2024" authorityName="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira" authorityYear="2024" box="[1253,1406,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Phaeophilacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kereita" status="n. sp." subGenus="Taenacris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFB1AFBFBFB24FBD7" box="[1253,1274,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">P.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFAF4FBFBFAFEFBD7" box="[1291,1312,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">T.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFACEFBFBFAA0FBD6" box="[1329,1406,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">kereita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFA79FBFBFF66FBBA" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757EF4955FFCEFA79FBFBFF66FBBA" pageId="11" pageNumber="367" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A034955FFCEFF38FBDFFEA8FBBA" box="[199,374,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURES 28–32" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1722,1746]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[151,1436,237,1699]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 28–32. Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) papiophagus n. sp. (holotype) male body morphology. (28) head in dorsal view; (29) head in lateral view, compound eye and head in frontal view highlighted; (30) tegmina in lateral view; (31) supra-anal plate in dorsal view; (32) tegmina dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10954246/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">Figs. 29 and 32</figureCitation>
|
||
); metanotal gland poorly developed, confined to the anterior margin of the metanotum, adorned with numerous setae, concealed by the tegmina, and subdivided into left and right lobes, which are separated by a whitish line that extends anterodorsally until reaching the supra-anal plate.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFC29FB66FB9AFB42" bold="true" box="[982,1092,1158,1185]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: tergites pubescent; supra-anal plate subtriangular and pubescent, with a rounded posterior margin covered by long bristles, slightly shorter than the paraprocts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A034955FFCEFEBCFB2FFE4BFB0A" box="[323,405,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURES 28–32" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1722,1746]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[151,1436,237,1699]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 28–32. Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) papiophagus n. sp. (holotype) male body morphology. (28) head in dorsal view; (29) head in lateral view, compound eye and head in frontal view highlighted; (30) tegmina in lateral view; (31) supra-anal plate in dorsal view; (32) tegmina dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10954246/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
|
||
); subgenital plate pubescent, with lateral and posterior margins also covered by long bristles, subtriangular-shaped, apex of the posterior margin straight; cerci pubescent and covered by long setae throughout their length, the inner portion of the base covered by globose setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A034955FFCEFC81FAF7FC0EFAD2" box="[894,976,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURES 28–32" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1722,1746]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[151,1436,237,1699]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 28–32. Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) papiophagus n. sp. (holotype) male body morphology. (28) head in dorsal view; (29) head in lateral view, compound eye and head in frontal view highlighted; (30) tegmina in lateral view; (31) supra-anal plate in dorsal view; (32) tegmina dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10954246/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFC1CFAF7FB99FAD2" bold="true" box="[995,1095,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">Tegmina</emphasis>
|
||
: slightly more sclerotized than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D054955FFCEFF08FADBFE50FAB6" authority="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira, 2024" authorityName="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira" authorityYear="2024" box="[247,398,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Phaeophilacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="370" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kereita" status="n. sp." subGenus="Taenacris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFF08FADBFED2FAB7" box="[247,268,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">P.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFEE4FADBFEF5FAB7" box="[283,299,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">T</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFEBEFADBFE50FAB6" box="[321,398,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">kereita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFE6BFADBFE0CFAB6" bold="true" box="[404,466,1339,1365]" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757EF4955FFCEFE6BFADBFE0CFAB6" box="[404,466,1339,1365]" pageId="11" pageNumber="367" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, moderately translucent, pubescent, reduced, and lanceolate, partially covering tergites I and II, as well as the anterior portion of tergite III; inner margins not touching; dorsal field intersected by one or two poorly-marked longitudinal veins, while the lateral field is bordered by an also poorly-marked longitudinal vein curving towards the center of the body, posterior portion of the lateral field whitish and thickened (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A034955FFCEFB1FFA47FA4EFA22" box="[1248,1424,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURES 28–32" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1722,1746]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[151,1436,237,1699]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 28–32. Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) papiophagus n. sp. (holotype) male body morphology. (28) head in dorsal view; (29) head in lateral view, compound eye and head in frontal view highlighted; (30) tegmina in lateral view; (31) supra-anal plate in dorsal view; (32) tegmina dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10954246/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">Figs. 30 and 32</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFF68FA2BFF13FA06" bold="true" box="[151,205,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
: pubescent; leg I (
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B634955FFCEFE62FA2BFDCFFA06" box="[413,529,1483,1509]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.18" pageId="11" pageNumber="367" unit="mm" value="31.8">31.80 mm</quantity>
|
||
) longer than leg II (
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B634955FFCEFD0EFA2BFCA9FA06" box="[753,887,1483,1509]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8369" pageId="11" pageNumber="367" unit="mm" value="28.369">28.369 mm</quantity>
|
||
), femur bearing small forward-pointing denticles on both ventral margins, tibia devoid of tympanum; tibia of legs I and II bearing two ventral apical spurs; tarsomere I of legs I (
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B634955FFCEFEEDF9F2FEA7F9CE" box="[274,377,1554,1581]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="11" pageNumber="367" unit="mm" value="5.9">5.90 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and II (
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B634955FFCEFE26F9F2FDE1F9CE" box="[473,575,1554,1581]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.45" pageId="11" pageNumber="367" unit="mm" value="4.45">4.45 mm</quantity>
|
||
) serrated ventrally and longer than tarsomeres II and III combined; right and left legs III missing, but probably present a distribution of spurs and spines similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D054955FFCEFB45F9D7FA8AF9B2" authority="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira, 2024" authorityName="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira" authorityYear="2024" box="[1210,1364,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Phaeophilacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="370" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kereita" status="n. sp." subGenus="Taenacris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFB45F9D7FB11F9B3" box="[1210,1231,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">P.</emphasis>
|
||
(T.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFAF8F9D7FA8AF9B2" box="[1287,1364,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">kereita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFAA3F9D7FA42F9B2" bold="true" box="[1372,1436,1591,1617]" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757EF4955FFCEFAA3F9D7FA42F9B2" box="[1372,1436,1591,1617]" pageId="11" pageNumber="367" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
described herein.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A650D4955FFCBFF38F99EFAE1FEA2" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="370" pageId="11" pageNumber="367" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36864955FFC8FF38F99EFD9EFE32" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,151,1185]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="369" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944955FFCEFF38F99EFE12F97A" bold="true" box="[199,460,1662,1689]" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">Ecological remarks—</emphasis>
|
||
Mount Suswa, situated within the Rift Valley in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35776164955FFCEFC01F99FFB94F97A" box="[1022,1098,1663,1689]" name="Kenya" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
, ranks among the largest and most intricate Quaternary volcanoes in the region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A034955FFCEFD28F943FCF5F95E" box="[727,811,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–36" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,211,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-24@12.[179,1408,201,1939]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 33–36. Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) papiophagus n. sp. habitat.(33) Rift Valley, Mount Suswa, Baboons cave external environment; (34) Baboons cave entrance; (35) African Giant Free-Tailed Bats, Otomops harrisoni; (36) Baboon carcass." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954250" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10954250/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
|
||
). This imposing geological formation ascends from the southward-sloping Rift Valley floor, assuming the form of an asymmetric, shield-shaped cone with an expansive coverage spanning approximately 270 square kilometers (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B774955FFCEFCC3F90BFC01F8E6" author="Johnson, R. W." box="[828,991,1771,1797]" pageId="11" pageNumber="367" pagination="383 - 412" refId="ref9210" refString="Johnson, R. W. (1969) Volcanic geology of Mount Suswa, Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 265 (1164), 383 - 412. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rsta. 1969.0061" type="journal article" year="1969">Johnson 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Comprising mainly sodalite-bearing, phonolitic lava flows along with lesser amounts of pyroclastic materials, the volcanic cone was established atop a preexisting volcanic plateau consisting of quartz-bearing trachyte flood lavas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B774955FFCEFC07F8D3FB48F8AE" author="Johnson, R. W." box="[1016,1174,1843,1869]" pageId="11" pageNumber="367" pagination="383 - 412" refId="ref9210" refString="Johnson, R. W. (1969) Volcanic geology of Mount Suswa, Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 265 (1164), 383 - 412. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rsta. 1969.0061" type="journal article" year="1969">Johnson 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Mount Suswa is home to one of the most significant lava tube systems in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35776164955FFCEFD45F8B7FCD9F892" box="[698,775,1879,1905]" name="Kenya" pageId="11" pageNumber="367">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Within an approximately 3 square kilometer area, extensive phonolitic basalt flows have formed a complex network of lava tube caves, making it the largest concentration of such caves in East Africa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B774955FFCEFE7FF87FFDFAF85A" author="Simons, J. W." box="[384,548,1951,1977]" pageId="11" pageNumber="367" pagination="2" refId="ref9500" refString="Simons, J. W. (1998 a) Volcanic caves of East Africa-an overview. International Journal of Speleology, 27 (1), 2. https: // doi. org / 10.5038 / 1827 - 806 X. 27.1.2" type="journal article" year="1998">Simons 1998a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These caves, numbering around
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B634955FFCEFC64F87FFC0DF85A" box="[923,979,1951,1977]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="11" pageNumber="367" unit="in" value="40.0">40 in</quantity>
|
||
total, are part of a highly intricate system with multiple levels of passages, spanning an estimated combined length of over 11 kilometers. Most of the cave entrances are the outcome of substantial roof collapses. Notably, there are three distinct levels of passages within this system. The uppermost passages are situated just beneath the lava’s surface crust, whereas the lowest passages can be found at depths ranging from 20 to 35 meters below ground level. It is common to observe passages from different levels overlapping one another. In examining cross-sections of completely filled-in tubes visible in the cave walls, it becomes evident that the network was once even more extensive. The size of these passages varies significantly. In the largest cave systems, passages typically measure between 6 to 10 meters in diameter, although they can expand to 20 to 30 meters where breakdowns have occurred. Furthermore, individual passage segments, extending both from the main chambers and between collapse sites, can span anywhere from 10 meters to over half a kilometer in length (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B774953FFC8FE71FE57FDEAFE32" author="Simons, J. W." box="[398,564,439,465]" pageId="13" pageNumber="369" pagination="2" refId="ref9500" refString="Simons, J. W. (1998 a) Volcanic caves of East Africa-an overview. International Journal of Speleology, 27 (1), 2. https: // doi. org / 10.5038 / 1827 - 806 X. 27.1.2" type="journal article" year="1998">Simons 1998a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3F660E4952FFC9FF68F84BFAB8F805" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954250" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10954250" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10954250/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="368" startId="12.[151,264,1963,1987]" targetBox="[179,1408,211,1939]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36864952FFC9FF68F84BFAB8F805" blockId="12.[151,1437,1963,2023]" pageId="12" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944952FFC9FF68F84BFE95F820" bold="true" box="[151,331,1963,1987]" pageId="12" pageNumber="368">FIGURES 33–36</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D054952FFC9FEA8F84BFD2FF820" authority="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira, 2024" authorityName="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira" authorityYear="2024" box="[343,753,1963,1987]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Phaeophilacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papiophagus" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Taenacris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944952FFC9FEA8F84BFE2CF820" box="[343,498,1963,1987]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="368">Phaeophilacris</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944952FFC9FE01F84CFDBFF820" box="[510,609,1964,1987]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="368">Taenacris</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944952FFC9FD91F84BFD2FF820" box="[622,753,1963,1987]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="368">papiophagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944952FFC9FD09F84BFCF3F820" bold="true" box="[758,813,1963,1987]" pageId="12" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757EF4952FFC9FD09F84BFCF3F820" box="[758,813,1963,1987]" pageId="12" pageNumber="368" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
habitat. (33) Rift Valley, Mount Suswa, Baboons cave external environment; (34) Baboons cave entrance; (35) African Giant Free-Tailed Bats,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D054952FFC9FC3DF82FFB5CF804" authorityName="Ralph, Richards, Taylor, Napier & Lamb" authorityYear="2015" box="[962,1154,1999,2023]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Otomops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="368" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harrisoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944952FFC9FC3DF82FFB5CF804" box="[962,1154,1999,2023]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="368">Otomops harrisoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; (36) Baboon carcass.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36864953FFC8FF38FE3BFC45FD4A" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1185]" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">
|
||
The Baboons Cave (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A034953FFC8FE54FE3BFE22FE16" box="[427,508,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–36" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,211,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-24@12.[179,1408,201,1939]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 33–36. Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) papiophagus n. sp. habitat.(33) Rift Valley, Mount Suswa, Baboons cave external environment; (34) Baboons cave entrance; (35) African Giant Free-Tailed Bats, Otomops harrisoni; (36) Baboon carcass." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954250" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10954250/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
|
||
) represents just a small portion of the intricate network of lava tube caves found in the region. These caves underwent an interesting history of human use, some of which have had significant impacts on them. Several decades ago (from 1966 to 1984), these caves were exploited for bat guano, which was used as a fertilizer (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B774953FFC8FEF8FDA7FE70FD82" author="Simons, J. W." box="[263,430,583,609]" pageId="13" pageNumber="369" pagination="4" refId="ref9544" refString="Simons, J. W. (1998 b) Guano mining in Kenyan lava tunnel caves. International Journal of Speleology, 27 (1), 4. https: // doi. org / 10.5038 / 1827 - 806 X. 27.1.4" type="journal article" year="1998">Simons 1998b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The primary producers of this guano were the African Giant Free-Tailed Bats,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D054953FFC8FAC8FDA7FF21FD66" authorityName="Ralph, Richards, Taylor, Napier & Lamb" authorityYear="2015" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Otomops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="369" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harrisoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944953FFC8FAC8FDA7FF21FD66" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">Otomops harrisoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A034953FFC8FEF1FD8BFE80FD66" box="[270,350,618,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–36" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,211,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-24@12.[179,1408,201,1939]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 33–36. Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) papiophagus n. sp. habitat.(33) Rift Valley, Mount Suswa, Baboons cave external environment; (34) Baboons cave entrance; (35) African Giant Free-Tailed Bats, Otomops harrisoni; (36) Baboon carcass." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954250" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10954250/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B774953FFC8FE89FD8BFDE4FD66" author="Ralph, T. M. C. & Richards, L. R. & Taylor, P. J. & Napier, M. C. & Lamb, J. M." box="[374,570,618,645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="369" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref9420" refString="Ralph, T. M. C., Richards, L. R., Taylor, P. J., Napier, M. C. & Lamb, J. M. (2015) Revision of Afro-Malagasy Otomops (Chiroptera: Molossidae) with the description of a new Afro-Arabian species. Zootaxa, 4057 (1), 1 - 49. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4057.1.1" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Ralph
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944953FFC8FE40FD8BFE29FD66" box="[447,503,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Remarkably, these bats still inhabit the cave system and continue to generate substantial quantities of guano, which accumulates on the cave floor.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36864953FFC8FF38FD53FADBFB42" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1185]" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">
|
||
Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D054953FFC8FE96FD53FD99FD2E" authority="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira, 2024" authorityName="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira" authorityYear="2024" box="[361,583,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Phaeophilacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papiophagus" status="n. sp." subGenus="Taenacris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944953FFC8FE96FD53FEA0FD2F" box="[361,382,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">P.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944953FFC8FE70FD53FE7AFD2F" box="[399,420,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">T.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944953FFC8FE49FD53FD99FD2E" box="[438,583,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">papiophagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944953FFC8FDB0FD53FD51FD2E" bold="true" box="[591,655,691,717]" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757EF4953FFC8FDB0FD53FD51FD2E" box="[591,655,691,717]" pageId="13" pageNumber="369" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
were seldom encountered within the cave system. It is worth noting that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B774953FFC8FF35FD37FE5EFD12" author="Simons, J. W." box="[202,384,727,753]" pageId="13" pageNumber="369" pagination="4" refId="ref9544" refString="Simons, J. W. (1998 b) Guano mining in Kenyan lava tunnel caves. International Journal of Speleology, 27 (1), 4. https: // doi. org / 10.5038 / 1827 - 806 X. 27.1.4" type="journal article" year="1998">Simons (1998b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had previously made mention of the presence of “pale crickets with long antennae,” which likely corresponds to the species described herein, or, eventually, to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D054953FFC8FC48FD1BFB2FFCF6" authorityName="Kaltenbach" authorityYear="1983" box="[951,1265,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Phaeophilacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglophila" subGenus="Araneacris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944953FFC8FC48FD1BFC16FCF7" box="[951,968,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">P</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944953FFC8FC1CFD1BFB81FCF6" box="[995,1119,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">Araneacris</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944953FFC8FB8BFD1BFB2FFCF6" box="[1140,1265,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">troglophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is also present in this cave. Notably, the behavior of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D054953FFC8FD64FCFFFCA5FCDA" authority="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira, 2024" authorityName="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira" authorityYear="2024" box="[667,891,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Phaeophilacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papiophagus" status="n. sp." subGenus="Taenacris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944953FFC8FD64FCFFFD72FCDB" box="[667,684,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">P</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944953FFC8FD3BFCFFFD07FCDB" box="[708,729,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">T.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944953FFC8FD15FCFFFCA5FCDA" box="[746,891,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">papiophagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944953FFC8FC7CFCFFFC1CFCDA" bold="true" box="[899,962,799,825]" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757EF4953FFC8FC7CFCFFFC1CFCDA" box="[899,962,799,825]" pageId="13" pageNumber="369" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differs markedly from that observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D054953FFC8FA77FCFFFECDFCBE" authority="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira, 2024" authorityName="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Phaeophilacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kereita" status="n. sp." subGenus="Taenacris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944953FFC8FA77FCFFFA43FCDB" box="[1416,1437,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">P.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944953FFC8FF5EFCA3FF68FCBF" box="[161,182,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">T.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944953FFC8FF39FCA3FECDFCBE" box="[198,275,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">kereita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944953FFC8FEE4FCA3FE85FCBE" bold="true" box="[283,347,835,861]" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757EF4953FFC8FEE4FCA3FE85FCBE" box="[283,347,835,861]" pageId="13" pageNumber="369" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
While the latter species displayed relative calmness,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D054953FFC8FC45FCA3FB45FCBE" authority="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira, 2024" authorityName="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira" authorityYear="2024" box="[954,1179,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Phaeophilacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papiophagus" status="n. sp." subGenus="Taenacris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944953FFC8FC45FCA3FC15FCBF" box="[954,971,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">P</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944953FFC8FC1BFCA3FC27FCBF" box="[996,1017,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">T.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944953FFC8FBF5FCA3FB45FCBE" box="[1034,1179,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">papiophagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944953FFC8FB5DFCA3FB3CFCBE" bold="true" box="[1186,1250,835,861]" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757EF4953FFC8FB5DFCA3FB3CFCBE" box="[1186,1250,835,861]" pageId="13" pageNumber="369" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is exceptionally elusive. Individuals were consistently seen in isolation from one another and exhibited a rapid retreat response, even when humans were at a considerable distance (over 3 meters). Given the abundance of rock blocks scattered across the cave floor, capturing these crickets proved to be an extremely challenging task, as they swiftly sought refuge among the rocky terrain. Consequently, despite efforts, only a single adult male specimen was collected. While this hypothesis remains somewhat speculative, this elusive behavior may have been intensified by historical guano removal activities within the cave. These activities likely caused significant disruption to the cricket population. It is important to note that, in addition to guano, these crickets have been observed consuming unconventional organic resources, such as baboon carcasses (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A034953FFC8FDC1FB83FD4DFB9E" box="[574,659,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–36" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,211,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-24@12.[179,1408,201,1939]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 33–36. Phaeophilacris (Taenacris) papiophagus n. sp. habitat.(33) Rift Valley, Mount Suswa, Baboons cave external environment; (34) Baboons cave entrance; (35) African Giant Free-Tailed Bats, Otomops harrisoni; (36) Baboon carcass." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954250" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10954250/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
|
||
). Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D054953FFC8FCB7FB83FBF7FB9E" authority="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira, 2024" authorityName="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira" authorityYear="2024" box="[840,1065,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Phaeophilacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papiophagus" status="n. sp." subGenus="Taenacris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944953FFC8FCB7FB83FC87FB9F" box="[840,857,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">P</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944953FFC8FC8DFB83FC59FB9F" box="[882,903,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">T.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944953FFC8FC67FB83FBF7FB9E" box="[920,1065,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">papiophagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944953FFC8FBCFFB83FBAEFB9E" bold="true" box="[1072,1136,1123,1149]" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757EF4953FFC8FBCFFB83FBAEFB9E" box="[1072,1136,1123,1149]" pageId="13" pageNumber="369" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
were observed feeding on such cadavers, although they swiftly retreated before photographic documentation could be obtained.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3F660E4953FFC8FF68FB2EFED7FAEE" ID-Table-UUID="DF3F660E4953FFC8FF68FB2EFED7FAEE" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3F660E4953FFC8FF68FB2EFED7FAEE" pageId="13" pageNumber="369" startId="13.[151,244,1230,1256]" targetBox="[169,1196,1309,1961]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="13" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36864953FFC8FF68FB2EFED7FAEE" blockId="13.[151,1436,1230,1293]" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944953FFC8FF68FB2EFECCFB0B" bold="true" box="[151,274,1230,1256]" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D054953FFC8FEE4FB2FFD3DFB0A" authority="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira, 2024" authorityName="Carvalho & Castro-Souza & Njoroge & Kinuthia & Ferreira" authorityYear="2024" box="[283,739,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" genus="Phaeophilacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papiophagus" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Taenacris">
|
||
Phaeophilacris (
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944953FFC8FE2DFB2FFDE1FB0B" box="[466,575,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">Taenacris</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944953FFC8FDADFB2FFD3DFB0A" box="[594,739,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">papiophagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944953FFC8FD13FB2FFCF2FB0A" bold="true" box="[748,812,1231,1257]" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757EF4953FFC8FD13FB2FFCF2FB0A" box="[748,812,1231,1257]" pageId="13" pageNumber="369" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, morphological measurements (mm) of the male adult specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36864953FFC8FF56FAFEFB5DF84B" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<table id="F940C4264953003AFF56FAFDFB72F84A" box="[169,1196,1309,1961]" gridcols="2" gridrows="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<tr id="357034C44953003AFF56FAFDFB72FAD0" box="[169,1196,1309,1331]" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<th id="76A15DB84953003AFF56FAFDFEA0FAD0" box="[169,382,1309,1331]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">♂</th>
|
||
<th id="76A15DB84953003AFBFCFAFDFB72FAD0" box="[1027,1196,1309,1331]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">NMK/INV/T-750</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357034C44953003AFF56FAA5FB72FAB8" box="[169,1196,1349,1371]" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<td id="76A15DB84953003AFF56FAA5FEA0FAB8" box="[169,382,1349,1371]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">Head width</td>
|
||
<td id="76A15DB84953003AFBFCFAA5FB72FAB8" box="[1027,1196,1349,1371]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">3.902</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357034C44953003AFF56FA8CFB72FA61" box="[169,1196,1388,1410]" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<td id="76A15DB84953003AFF56FA8CFEA0FA61" box="[169,382,1388,1410]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">Head length</td>
|
||
<td id="76A15DB84953003AFBFCFA8CFB72FA61" box="[1027,1196,1388,1410]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">2.361</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357034C44953003AFF56FA73FB72FA49" box="[169,1196,1427,1450]" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<td id="76A15DB84953003AFF56FA73FEA0FA49" box="[169,382,1427,1450]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">Intraocular distance</td>
|
||
<td id="76A15DB84953003AFBFCFA73FB72FA49" box="[1027,1196,1427,1450]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">2.163</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357034C44953003AFF56FA5BFB72FA32" box="[169,1196,1467,1489]" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<td id="76A15DB84953003AFF56FA5BFEA0FA32" box="[169,382,1467,1489]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">Compound eye width</td>
|
||
<td id="76A15DB84953003AFBFCFA5BFB72FA32" box="[1027,1196,1467,1489]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">0.613</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357034C44953003AFF56FA02FB72FA1B" box="[169,1196,1506,1528]" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<td id="76A15DB84953003AFF56FA02FEA0FA1B" box="[169,382,1506,1528]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">Compound eye length</td>
|
||
<td id="76A15DB84953003AFBFCFA02FB72FA1B" box="[1027,1196,1506,1528]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">1.239</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357034C44953003AFF56F9E9FB72F9C3" box="[169,1196,1545,1568]" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<td id="76A15DB84953003AFF56F9E9FEA0F9C3" box="[169,382,1545,1568]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">Pronotum width</td>
|
||
<td id="76A15DB84953003AFBFCF9E9FB72F9C3" box="[1027,1196,1545,1568]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">5.213</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357034C44953003AFF56F9D1FB72F9A4" box="[169,1196,1585,1607]" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<td id="76A15DB84953003AFF56F9D1FEA0F9A4" box="[169,382,1585,1607]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">Pronotum length</td>
|
||
<td id="76A15DB84953003AFBFCF9D1FB72F9A4" box="[1027,1196,1585,1607]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">3.053</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357034C44953003AFF56F9B8FB72F98D" box="[169,1196,1624,1646]" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<td id="76A15DB84953003AFF56F9B8FEA0F98D" box="[169,382,1624,1646]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">Right tegmina width</td>
|
||
<td id="76A15DB84953003AFBFCF9B8FB72F98D" box="[1027,1196,1624,1646]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">2.188</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357034C44953003AFF56F960FB72F975" box="[169,1196,1664,1686]" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<td id="76A15DB84953003AFF56F960FEA0F975" box="[169,382,1664,1686]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">Right tegmina length</td>
|
||
<td id="76A15DB84953003AFBFCF960FB72F975" box="[1027,1196,1664,1686]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">5.789</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357034C44953003AFF56F947FB72F95E" box="[169,1196,1703,1725]" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<td id="76A15DB84953003AFF56F947FEA0F95E" box="[169,382,1703,1725]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">Femur I length</td>
|
||
<td id="76A15DB84953003AFBFCF947FB72F95E" box="[1027,1196,1703,1725]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">11.624</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357034C44953003AFF56F92EFB72F907" box="[169,1196,1742,1764]" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<td id="76A15DB84953003AFF56F92EFEA0F907" box="[169,382,1742,1764]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">Tibia I length</td>
|
||
<td id="76A15DB84953003AFBFCF92EFB72F907" box="[1027,1196,1742,1764]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">11.263</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357034C44953003AFF56F916FB72F8EF" box="[169,1196,1782,1804]" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<td id="76A15DB84953003AFF56F916FEA0F8EF" box="[169,382,1782,1804]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">Tarsus I length</td>
|
||
<td id="76A15DB84953003AFBFCF916FB72F8EF" box="[1027,1196,1782,1804]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">8.912</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357034C44953003AFF56F8FDFB72F8D0" box="[169,1196,1821,1843]" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<td id="76A15DB84953003AFF56F8FDFEA0F8D0" box="[169,382,1821,1843]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">Femur II length</td>
|
||
<td id="76A15DB84953003AFBFCF8FDFB72F8D0" box="[1027,1196,1821,1843]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">10.275</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357034C44953003AFF56F8A4FB72F8B9" box="[169,1196,1860,1882]" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<td id="76A15DB84953003AFF56F8A4FEA0F8B9" box="[169,382,1860,1882]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">Tibia II length</td>
|
||
<td id="76A15DB84953003AFBFCF8A4FB72F8B9" box="[1027,1196,1860,1882]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">10.779</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357034C44953003AFF56F88CFB72F861" box="[169,1196,1900,1922]" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<td id="76A15DB84953003AFF56F88CFEA0F861" box="[169,382,1900,1922]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">Tarsus II length</td>
|
||
<td id="76A15DB84953003AFBFCF88CFB72F861" box="[1027,1196,1900,1922]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">7.315</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357034C44953003AFF56F873FB72F84A" box="[169,1196,1939,1961]" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<td id="76A15DB84953003AFF56F873FEA0F84A" box="[169,382,1939,1961]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">Body length</td>
|
||
<td id="76A15DB84953003AFBFCF873FB72F84A" box="[1027,1196,1939,1961]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="369">18.817</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36864950FFCBFF38FF77FAE1FEA2" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,321]" pageId="14" pageNumber="370">
|
||
The cave system is presently utilized for tourism; however, it lacks infrastructure to support visitors adequately. Moreover, owing to the substantial bat colony within, there exists a potential risk of an epidemic outbreak. Several distinct viruses have previously been documented in Kenyan caves, including those within the Mount Suswa area (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B774950FFCBFF60FEE3FE4CFEFE" author="Conrardy, C. & Tao, Y. & Kuzmin, I. V. & Niezgoda, M. & Agwanda, B. & Breiman, R. F. & Anderson, L. J. & Rupprecht, C. E. & Tong, S." box="[159,402,259,285]" pageId="14" pageNumber="370" pagination="258" refId="ref8845" refString="Conrardy, C., Tao, Y., Kuzmin, I. V., Niezgoda, M., Agwanda, B., Breiman, R. F., Anderson, L. J., Rupprecht, C. E. & Tong, S. (2014) Molecular detection of adenoviruses, rhabdoviruses, and paramyxoviruses in bats from Kenya. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 91 (2), 258. https: // doi. org / 10.4269 / ajtmh. 13 - 0664" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Conrardy
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944950FFCBFEECFEE3FE93FEFE" box="[275,333,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="370">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B774950FFCBFE60FEE3FDA6FEFE" author="Kamau, J. & Ergunay, K. & Webala, P. W." box="[415,632,259,285]" pageId="14" pageNumber="370" pagination="2820" refId="ref9370" refString="Kamau, J., Ergunay, K. & Webala, P. W. (2022) A Novel Coronavirus and a Broad Range of Viruses in Kenyan Cave Bats. Viruses, 14, 2820. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / v 14122820" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Kamau
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA944950FFCBFE07FEE3FDEDFEFE" box="[504,563,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="370">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Therefore, exercising caution is strongly advised when visiting these caves, and monitoring programs should be instituted to prevent potential epidemic or pandemic outbreaks.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |