425 lines
49 KiB
XML
425 lines
49 KiB
XML
<document id="014F8F51AEA0AB0D6F5A801290FBEBA0" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.183878" ID-GBIF-Dataset="810a9086-292c-4ca4-8075-91312cfac96e" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="183878" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459927247838" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Plotkin, Alexander S. & Janussen, Dorte" docDate="2008" docId="03E887DC5E76FFA75EC916C8FBF1A919" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01866p135.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1866" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Aaptos Gray 1867" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="126" masterDocId="FFD1FFA45E6AFFB85E5E1447FFB3AA43" masterDocTitle="Polymastiidae and Suberitidae (Porifera: Demospongiae: Hadromerida) of the deep Weddell Sea, Antarctic *" masterLastPageNumber="135" masterPageNumber="95" pageNumber="123" updateTime="1698229662645" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="458FAE5D4D8E9DFE99A933F4DCFC91DD">Polymastiidae and Suberitidae (Porifera: Demospongiae: Hadromerida) of the deep Weddell Sea, Antarctic *</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="537C0BDBD4C34AC2C5D3BF4354A0AB42" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="8EB002C1BE5C4724BEE477D6304568EA">Plotkin, Alexander S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BC19DBC2928325B0940697D237163C3E">Janussen, Dorte</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F23A47B449633BF5955211B215A7FD95">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="43EE995B4DE111B79665E92228C00111">
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<mods:date id="3151700022F7D662D48BB71D535EA092">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:end id="B13DC28195D056F2668A57914791091B">135</mods:end>
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<mods:identifier id="299905870F8EC84A3BC470306EC310B5" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.183878</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E887DC5E76FFA75EC916C8FBF1A919" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6235805" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119374484" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6235805" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887DC5E76FFA75EC916C8FBF1A919" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E887DC5E76FFA75EC916C8FBF1A919" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="28" pageNumber="123">
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<subSubSection id="C35B65415E76FFA45EC916C8FE63A8EA" box="[151,464,655,681]" pageId="28" pageNumber="123" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E76FFA45EC916C8FE63A8EA" blockId="28.[151,464,655,681]" box="[151,464,655,681]" pageId="28" pageNumber="123">
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<heading id="D0B681A65E76FFA45EC916C8FE63A8EA" bold="true" box="[151,464,655,681]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="123" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B935EAD85E76FFA45EC916C8FE63A8EA" bold="true" box="[151,464,655,681]" pageId="28" pageNumber="123">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E76FFA45EB016C8FE63A8EA" authority="Gray, 1867" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[238,464,655,681]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="28" pageNumber="123" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B935EAD85E76FFA45EB016C8FEF2A8EA" bold="true" box="[238,321,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="123">Aaptos</emphasis>
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Gray, 1867
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35B65415E76FFA45EC9169DFF52AE77" pageId="28" pageNumber="123" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E76FFA45EC9169DFD98A8B7" blockId="28.[151,1437,730,1116]" box="[151,555,730,756]" pageId="28" pageNumber="123">
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Diagnosis (sensu van
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B3B5E76FFA45FC9169DFDADA8B7" author="Soest" box="[407,542,730,756]" pageId="28" pageNumber="135" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van (2002) Family Suberitidae Schmidt, 1870. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. A Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Vol. 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 227 - 244." type="book chapter" year="2002">Soest 2002</bibRefCitation>
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):
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E76FFA45E981745FF52AE77" blockId="28.[151,1437,730,1116]" pageId="28" pageNumber="123">Sponges are lobate, spherical, subspherical or globular often consisting of confluent globular or lobate units. Surface smooth or tuberculatepapillate, usually rough to the touch. Some species show a distinct colour change when taken out of the water. In cross section, the outer region is often fibrous and may be considered as a cortex which grades into the choanosome. Skeleton strictly radial, with tracts and single spicules issuing from the centre of the lobe or globular body. At the surface the tracts fan out and form a dense palisade consisting of smaller spicules intermingled between the ends of the larger spicules. Spicules are strongyloxeas, in three overlapping size categories; the intermediate and smaller spicules are occasionally oxeas, styles or tylostyles.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35B65415E76FFA45E981004FC9EACF7" pageId="28" pageNumber="123" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E76FFA45E981004FA23AE1F" blockId="28.[151,1437,730,1116]" box="[198,1424,1090,1116]" pageId="28" pageNumber="123">
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<emphasis id="B935EAD85E76FFA45E981004FED0AE1F" box="[198,355,1091,1116]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="123">
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<typeStatus id="54FA88685E76FFA45E981004FF4EAE1F" box="[198,253,1091,1116]" pageId="28" pageNumber="123">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E76FFA45F341004FD67AE1F" authority="Gray, 1867" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[362,724,1090,1116]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ancorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="28" pageNumber="123" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="adriatica">
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<emphasis id="B935EAD85E76FFA45F341004FDFAAE1F" box="[362,585,1091,1116]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="123">Ancorina adriatica</emphasis>
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Gray, 1867
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</taxonomicName>
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(by original designation) =
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E76FFA45A451004FA3FAE1F" authority="Schmidt, 1864" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1864" box="[1051,1420,1090,1116]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="28" pageNumber="123" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aaptos">
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<emphasis id="B935EAD85E76FFA45A451004FB71AE1F" box="[1051,1218,1091,1116]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="123">Aaptos aaptos</emphasis>
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(Schmidt, 1864)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E76FFA45EC910FDFD9FAE97" blockId="28.[151,556,1210,1236]" box="[151,556,1210,1236]" pageId="28" pageNumber="123">
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<emphasis id="B935EAD85E76FFA45EC910FDFE0DAE97" bold="true" box="[151,446,1210,1236]" pageId="28" pageNumber="123">
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E76FFA45EC910FDFEEAAE97" box="[151,345,1210,1236]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="28" pageNumber="123" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="robustus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B935EAD85E76FFA45EC910FDFEEAAE97" bold="true" box="[151,345,1210,1236]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="123">Aaptos robustus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20657A35E76FFA45F3F10FDFE0DAE97" box="[353,446,1210,1236]" pageId="28" pageNumber="123" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="137A2A4F5E76FFA45F9010FDFD90AE97" box="[462,547,1210,1236]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="29.[151,255,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,155,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[172,1416,155,1844]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 14. Aaptos robustus sp. nov. A—holotype SMF 10562, upper surface. B—the same as A, basal surface after detaching from substrate. C—histological section of idem, general view. D—the same as C, detail of cortex with perpendicular and tangentially lying tylostyles. E—the same as C, detail of cortex with ostia. F—principal strongyloxeas, general view. G – details of proximal and distal ends of a strongyloxea. H—intermediary and small tylostyles. Scale bars: A – B 10 mm; C 1 mm; D – E 0.5 mm; F – H 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183893/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="123">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E76FFA45EC9114DFEC0AF67" blockId="28.[151,623,1290,1356]" box="[151,371,1290,1316]" pageId="28" pageNumber="123">Material examined</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E76FFA45E981175FDDCAF0F" blockId="28.[151,623,1290,1356]" box="[198,623,1330,1356]" pageId="28" pageNumber="123">
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<typeStatus id="54FA88685E76FFA45E981175FE8BAF0F" box="[198,312,1330,1356]" pageId="28" pageNumber="123" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="ED50AE0F5E76FFA45F1D1175FECDAF0F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[323,382,1330,1356]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="28" pageNumber="123">SMF</collectionCode>
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10579: PS61/1419.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E76FFA45EC911C5FE93AFDF" blockId="28.[151,1436,1410,1996]" box="[151,288,1410,1436]" pageId="28" pageNumber="123">Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E76FFA45E9811ECFC9EACF7" blockId="28.[151,1436,1410,1996]" pageId="28" pageNumber="123">
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<emphasis id="B935EAD85E76FFA45E9811ECFE76AF87" box="[198,453,1451,1476]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="123">External morphology.</emphasis>
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The
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<typeStatus id="54FA88685E76FFA45C5E11EDFDD5AF87" box="[512,614,1450,1476]" pageId="28" pageNumber="123" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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is a cushionshaped sponge originally attached to a stone but detached from it on the deck (figs. 14A, B). The dimensions are approximately
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<date id="FFFF100A5E76FFA45A5B1195FBFCAFAF" box="[1029,1103,1490,1516]" pageId="28" pageNumber="123" value="1955-10-26">55x26</date>
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x
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<quantity id="4CB99B2F5E76FFA45A001195FB1AAFAF" box="[1118,1193,1490,1516]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
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. Surface is smooth, slightly rough to the touch, with numerous gentle elevations at the tops of which small oscula are opened. Surface colour was light brown in life and has become pale yellow in alcohol, the elevations have remained darker. The cortex is pale yellow to white, very hard and firm in consistency, and cannot be detached from the choanosome. The latter is also hard but crumbly, its colour pale yellow. Numerous aquiferous cavities are located under the cortex and in the internal choanosome.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35B65415E76FFA65E981284FDFBAB89" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="28" pageNumber="123" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E76FFA45E981284FEFCAD3F" blockId="28.[151,1436,1410,1996]" pageId="28" pageNumber="123">
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<emphasis id="B935EAD85E76FFA45E981284FE82AC9F" box="[198,305,1731,1756]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="123">Skeleton.</emphasis>
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The choanosomal skeleton is constituted by the radial tracts of principal strongyloxeas running from sponge base to the surface and measuring 150–500 µm in thickness (fig. 14C). Cortical skeleton made of a layer of small and intermediary tylostyles which are mainly arranged perpendicularly to the surface but also sometimes obliquely to it (fig. 14D). The cortex measuring
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<quantity id="4CB99B2F5E76FFA45D0E137DFC74AD17" box="[848,967,1850,1876]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="1.1" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="1.0">1–1.2 mm</quantity>
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in thickness is perforated by rare, small ostia (fig. 14E).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E76FFA45E9813CCFEBCAD8F" blockId="28.[151,1436,1410,1996]" pageId="28" pageNumber="123">
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<emphasis id="B935EAD85E76FFA45E9813CCFE9CADE7" box="[198,303,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="123">Spicules.</emphasis>
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Three size categories of spicules are well distinguished. Thirty spicules of each category were measured.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF3E66425E77FFA55EC9130CFD21ADA7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183893/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="124" targetBox="[172,1416,155,1844]" targetPageId="29">
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<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E77FFA55EC9130CFD21ADA7" blockId="29.[151,1436,1867,2020]" pageId="29" pageNumber="124">
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<emphasis id="B935EAD85E77FFA55EC9130CFE9BAD20" bold="true" box="[151,296,1867,1891]" pageId="29" pageNumber="124">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B935EAD85E77FFA55F6E130BFD82AD20" box="[304,561,1868,1891]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="124">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E77FFA55F6E130BFE6EAD20" box="[304,477,1868,1891]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="29" pageNumber="124" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="robustus" status="sp. nov.">Aaptos robustus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20657A35E77FFA55FBB130BFD82AD20" box="[485,561,1868,1891]" pageId="29" pageNumber="124" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
. A—holotype SMF 10562, upper surface. B—the same as A, basal surface after detaching from substrate. C—histological section of idem, general view. D—the same as C, detail of cortex with perpendicular and tangentially lying tylostyles. E—the same as C, detail of cortex with ostia. F—principal strongyloxeas, general view. G–details of proximal and distal ends of a strongyloxea. H—intermediary and small tylostyles. Scale bars: A– B 10 mm; C 1 mm; D–E 0.5 mm; F–H 0.1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E74FFA65E9814DFFDFBAB89" blockId="30.[151,1438,152,458]" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">
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||
Principal strongyloxeas are mainly straight, rarely slightly curved (figs. 14F, G) and measure: length
|
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<date id="FFFF100A5E74FFA65EC91487FEA5AA99" box="[151,278,192,218]" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" value="1378" valueMax="1647">13781647</date>
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1780 µm, proximal diameter 1011.312 µm, central maximal diameter 1416.321 µm. Small and intermediary tylostyles are always stout and fusiform, with welldeveloped, terminally located, spherical or oval tyles (fig. 14H). Intermediary tylostyles are mainly straight and measure: length 470618830 µm, diameter of the tyle 1315.518 µm, diameter of the shaft underneath the tyle 910.812 µm, maximal diameter of the shaft 2023.328 µm. Small tylostyles are often slightly curved. Their dimensions are: length 250259 300 µm, diameter of the tyle 1414.616 µm, diameter of the shaft underneath the tyle 99.911 µm, maximal diameter of the shaft 1414.916 µm.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35B65415E74FFA65EC91647FC6FA801" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E74FFA65EC91647FE9EA85A" blockId="30.[151,988,512,578]" box="[151,301,512,537]" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">
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||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E74FFA65EC91647FE9EA85A" box="[151,301,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FA88685E74FFA65EC91647FF7DA85A" box="[151,206,512,537]" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">Type</typeStatus>
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locality
|
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E74FFA65E98166FFC6FA801" blockId="30.[151,988,512,578]" box="[198,988,552,578]" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">
|
||
SE Atlantic: to the East of
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<collectingCountry id="F356765A5E74FFA65C5E166FFCFBA801" box="[512,840,552,578]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">the South Sandwich Islands</collectingCountry>
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||
, ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CB99B2F5E74FFA65D22166FFC6BA801" box="[892,984,552,578]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" unit="m" value="2300.0">2300 m</quantity>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35B65415E74FFA65EC9163FFB45A8FD" box="[151,1270,632,702]" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E74FFA65EC9163FFE93A8D7" blockId="30.[151,1270,632,702]" box="[151,288,632,660]" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E74FFA65EC9163FFE93A8D7" box="[151,288,632,660]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E74FFA65E9816E5FB45A8FD" blockId="30.[151,1270,632,702]" box="[198,1270,674,702]" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">
|
||
The name refers to the hard consistency of the cortex (Latin
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E74FFA65D9216E5FB8AA8FD" box="[972,1081,674,702]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="robustus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E74FFA65D9216E5FB8AA8FD" box="[972,1081,674,702]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">robustus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
=hard, robust).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35B65415E74FFA75EC916B2FBF1A919" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E74FFA65EC916B2FF4DA94D" blockId="30.[151,1437,757,2023]" box="[151,254,757,782]" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E74FFA65EC916B2FF4DA94D" box="[151,254,757,782]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E74FFA65E98175AFAE5AC44" blockId="30.[151,1437,757,2023]" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">
|
||
No species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E74FFA65F24175AFE7FA975" box="[378,460,797,822]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E74FFA65F24175AFE7FA975" box="[378,460,797,822]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">Aaptos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has previously been registered in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F356765A5E74FFA65DFD175AFBA3A974" box="[931,1040,797,823]" name="Antarctica" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
|
||
and deeper than
|
||
<quantity id="4CB99B2F5E74FFA65AB7175AFAF5A974" box="[1257,1350,797,823]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
|
||
either, although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B3B5E74FFA65F581702FE64A91C" box="[262,471,837,863]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="30" pageNumber="134" refString="Sara, M., Balduzzi, A., Barbieri, M., Bavestrello, G. & Burlando, B. (1992) Biogeographic traits and checklist of Antarctic demonsponges. Polar Biology, 12, 559 - 585." type="journal article">
|
||
Sarà
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E74FFA65F1A1702FE33A91D" box="[324,384,837,862]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1992)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E74FFA65C111702FC15A91C" authority="Carter, 1880" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1880" box="[591,934,837,863]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="unispiculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E74FFA65C111702FD45A91D" box="[591,758,837,862]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">A. unispiculus</emphasis>
|
||
(Carter, 1880)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F356765A5E74FFA65DA31702FBD9A91C" box="[1021,1130,837,863]" name="Antarctica" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
|
||
faunistic complex. In the meantime, the taxonomy and geography of this species are rather confused.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E74FFA65A35172AFA2FA9C5" box="[1131,1436,877,902]" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Hymeraphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="unispiculum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E74FFA65A35172AFA2FA9C5" box="[1131,1436,877,902]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">Hymeraphia unispiculum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described by Carter (1880) from the Gulf of Manaar, tropical Indian Ocean, was a thinly encrusting, hispid sponge with long rhabdostyles echinating the surface.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F356765A5E74FFA65D4F17FAFC80A994" box="[785,819,957,983]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">De</collectingCountry>
|
||
Laubenfels (1936) proposed transferring
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E74FFA65B4417FAFF61A9BD" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Hymeraphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="unispiculum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E74FFA65B4417FAFF61A9BD" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">H. unispiculum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E74FFA65EA517A2FEFEA9BD" box="[251,333,997,1022]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E74FFA65EA517A2FEFEA9BD" box="[251,333,997,1022]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">Aaptos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
without examination of any material and in spite of evident disparities. Later de Laubenfels (1954) recorded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E74FFA65F3A104AFDBCAE65" box="[356,527,1037,1062]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="unispiculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E74FFA65F3A104AFDBCAE65" box="[356,527,1037,1062]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">A. unispiculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F356765A5E74FFA65CCF104AFCE8AE64" box="[657,859,1037,1063]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">Marshall Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
, tropical North Pacific, probably from shallow waters. His specimen really shared some features with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E74FFA65D7F1072FCC0AE0D" box="[801,883,1077,1102]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E74FFA65D7F1072FCC0AE0D" box="[801,883,1077,1102]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">Aaptos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp., at least it possessed a surface palisade of styles, but any resemblance to Carter’s description could hardly be observed. Following the actions of de Laubenfels,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B3B5E74FFA65F7910C2FDAAAEDC" author="Desqueyroux" box="[295,537,1157,1183]" pageId="30" pageNumber="133" refString="Desqueyroux, R. (1972) Demospongiae (Porifera) de la costa de Chile. Gayana, 20, 3 - 71." type="journal article" year="1972">Desqueyroux (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B3B5E74FFA65C0F10C2FC79AEDC" author="Desqueyroux" box="[593,970,1157,1183]" pageId="30" pageNumber="133" refString="Desqueyroux, R. & Moyano, H. (1987) Zoogeografia de Demospongias Chilenas. Boletin de la Sociedad de Biologia de Concepcion (Chile), 58: 39 - 66." type="journal article" year="1987">Desqueyroux & Moyano (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E74FFA65A6610C2FB6EAEDD" box="[1080,1245,1157,1182]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="unispiculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E74FFA65A6610C2FB6EAEDD" box="[1080,1245,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">A. unispiculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as deep as
|
||
<quantity id="4CB99B2F5E74FFA65B3F10C2FF50AE84" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" unit="m" value="300.0" valueMax="400.0" valueMin="200.0">200– 400 m</quantity>
|
||
, from the SE Pacific, off Juan Fernandez Islands and in the Magellan area of the Chilean Coast, respectively. Subsequently the latter record was taken into account by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B3B5E74FFA65DC21092FBC1AEAC" box="[924,1138,1237,1263]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="30" pageNumber="134" refString="Sara, M., Balduzzi, A., Barbieri, M., Bavestrello, G. & Burlando, B. (1992) Biogeographic traits and checklist of Antarctic demonsponges. Polar Biology, 12, 559 - 585." type="journal article">
|
||
Sarà
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E74FFA65D871092FBA5AEAD" box="[985,1046,1237,1262]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1992)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The SE Pacific sponges were thickly encrusting, hard and hispid. Their confused choanosomal skeleton was made of styles and microxeas, and the distinct dense cortex contained the styles oriented either tangentially or perpendicularly to the surface. Thus, the placement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E74FFA65C6B110AFD54AF25" box="[565,743,1357,1382]" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Hymeraphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="unispiculum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E74FFA65C6B110AFD54AF25" box="[565,743,1357,1382]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">H. unispiculum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E74FFA65D55110AFCEEAF25" box="[779,861,1357,1382]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E74FFA65D55110AFCEEAF25" box="[779,861,1357,1382]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">Aaptos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is hardly justified. Currently, the species in question is accepted as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E74FFA65F211132FDCEAFCD" box="[383,637,1397,1422]" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Eurypon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="unispiculum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E74FFA65F211132FDCEAFCD" box="[383,637,1397,1422]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">Eurypon unispiculum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E74FFA65C921132FC82AFCD" box="[716,817,1397,1422]" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Eurypon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E74FFA65C921132FC82AFCD" box="[716,817,1397,1422]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">Eurypon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E74FFA65D2E1132FBB0AFCD" box="[880,1027,1397,1422]" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Hymeraphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E74FFA65D2E1132FBB0AFCD" box="[880,1027,1397,1422]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">Hymeraphia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belong to the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E74FFA65B551132FEEEAFF4" authority="Hentschel, 1923" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1923" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Raspailiidae Hentschel, 1923</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Subsequently, the sponges recorded as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E74FFA65D1411DAFC46AFF5" box="[842,1013,1437,1462]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="unispiculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E74FFA65D1411DAFC46AFF5" box="[842,1013,1437,1462]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">A. unispiculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the tropical and subantarctic Pacific, belong in fact to some other species, which, probably but not for certain, may belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E74FFA65AA61182FAFAAF9D" box="[1272,1353,1477,1502]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E74FFA65AA61182FAFAAF9D" box="[1272,1353,1477,1502]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">Aaptos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. There is at least no doubt that these species share very few features with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E74FFA65DFE11AAFB97AC45" box="[928,1060,1517,1542]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="robustus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E74FFA65DFE11AAFB97AC45" box="[928,1060,1517,1542]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">A. robustus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20657A35E74FFA65A7211AAFB35AC44" box="[1068,1158,1517,1543]" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
described herein.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E74FFA65E981252FC8AADA4" blockId="30.[151,1437,757,2023]" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">
|
||
Meanwhile, seven valid species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E74FFA65C3B1252FD05AC6D" box="[613,694,1557,1582]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E74FFA65C3B1252FD05AC6D" box="[613,694,1557,1582]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">Aaptos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are currently known from the temperate shallow waters of the Southern Hemisphere – four
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F356765A5E74FFA65FAC127AFD23AC14" box="[498,656,1597,1623]" name="New Zealand" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E74FFA65CA1127AFC3FAC15" box="[767,908,1597,1622]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="confertus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E74FFA65CA1127AFC3FAC15" box="[767,908,1597,1622]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">A. confertus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E74FFA65DC3127AFB82AC15" box="[925,1073,1597,1622]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="globosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E74FFA65DC3127AFB82AC15" box="[925,1073,1597,1622]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">A. globosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E74FFA65A1C127AFB73AC15" box="[1090,1216,1597,1622]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rosacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E74FFA65A1C127AFB73AC15" box="[1090,1216,1597,1622]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">A. rosacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E74FFA65AA2127AFADDAC15" box="[1276,1390,1597,1622]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tentum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E74FFA65AA2127AFADDAC15" box="[1276,1390,1597,1622]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">A. tentum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, all described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B3B5E74FFA65F6C1222FD61AC3C" author="Kelly-Borges" box="[306,722,1637,1663]" pageId="30" pageNumber="134" refString="Kelly-Borges, M. & Bergquist, P. R. (1994) A redescription of Aaptos aaptos with descriptions of new species of Aaptos (Hadromerida: Suberitidae) from northern New Zealand. Journal of Zoology, 234 (2), 301 - 323." type="journal article" year="1994">KellyBorges and Bergquist (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; one South Australian species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E74FFA65A631222FAD5AC3C" authority="Carter, 1886" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1886" box="[1085,1382,1637,1663]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="horrida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E74FFA65A631222FB0BAC3D" box="[1085,1208,1637,1662]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">A. horrida</emphasis>
|
||
(Carter, 1886)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and two South African species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E74FFA65F8712CAFCADACE4" authority="Kirkpatrick, 1903" authorityName="Kirkpatrick" authorityYear="1903" box="[473,798,1677,1703]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nuda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E74FFA65F8712CAFD80ACE5" box="[473,563,1677,1702]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">A. nuda</emphasis>
|
||
(Kirkpatrick, 1903)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E74FFA65D0912CAFA92ACE4" authority="Samaai & Gibbons, 2005" authorityName="Samaai & Gibbons" authorityYear="2005" box="[855,1313,1677,1703]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alphiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E74FFA65D0912CAFC5DACE5" box="[855,1006,1677,1702]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">A. alphiensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B3B5E74FFA65DAB12CAFA92ACE4" author="Samaai" box="[1013,1313,1677,1703]" pageId="30" pageNumber="134" refString="Samaai, T. & Gibbons, M. J. (2005) Demospongiae taxonomy and biodiversity of the Benguela region on the west coast of South Africa. African Natural History, 1: 1 - 96." type="journal article" year="2005">Samaai & Gibbons, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The latter six species share a globular or (sub)spherical body and a strictly radial choanosomal skeleton composed of the main spicule tracts which issue from the body center. Conversely,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E74FFA65DE1129AFBF4ACB5" box="[959,1095,1757,1782]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="robustus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E74FFA65DE1129AFBF4ACB5" box="[959,1095,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">A. robustus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20657A35E74FFA65A0C129AFB03ACB4" box="[1106,1200,1757,1783]" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
described herein is characterized by a cushionshaped body and a choanosomal skeleton constituted by the tracts starting from sponge base. Our new species probably has the growth pattern similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E74FFA65A1B136AFB61AD05" box="[1093,1234,1837,1862]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="confertus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E74FFA65A1B136AFB61AD05" box="[1093,1234,1837,1862]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">A. confertus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The body of the latter is said to result from the confluence of several strictly globular or spherical units, and subsequently its skeleton is considered as a compilation of several strictly radial subskeletons (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B3B5E74FFA65A03133AFF65ADFC" author="Kelly-Borges" pageId="30" pageNumber="134" refString="Kelly-Borges, M. & Bergquist, P. R. (1994) A redescription of Aaptos aaptos with descriptions of new species of Aaptos (Hadromerida: Suberitidae) from northern New Zealand. Journal of Zoology, 234 (2), 301 - 323." type="journal article" year="1994">KellyBorges & Bergquist 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We suppose that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E74FFA65FE713E2FDF3ADFD" box="[441,576,1957,1982]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="robustus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E74FFA65FE713E2FDF3ADFD" box="[441,576,1957,1982]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">A. robustus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20657A35E74FFA65C1713E2FD15ADFC" box="[585,678,1957,1983]" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
demonstrates even more complete confluence of the units than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E74FFA65EC9138AFE97ADA5" box="[151,292,1997,2022]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="confertus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E74FFA65EC9138AFE97ADA5" box="[151,292,1997,2022]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="125">A. confertus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, so that these units can hardly be recognized.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E75FFA75E9814DFFD69A859" blockId="31.[151,1438,152,858]" pageId="31" pageNumber="126">
|
||
Concerning the skeletal arrangement and spicule composition, our new species shares the main choanosomal tracts made of principal strongyloxeas, and the cortex constituted by a single palisade of smaller spicules with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E75FFA75E8A14AFFED2AB42" box="[212,353,232,257]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="126" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="confertus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E75FFA75E8A14AFFED2AB42" box="[212,353,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="126">A. confertus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E75FFA75F2F14AFFDB5AB42" box="[369,518,232,257]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="126" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="globosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E75FFA75F2F14AFFDB5AB42" box="[369,518,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="126">A. globosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E75FFA75C4B14AFFD20AB42" box="[533,659,232,257]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="126" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rosacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E75FFA75C4B14AFFD20AB42" box="[533,659,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="126">A. rosacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E75FFA75CFD14AFFCA6AB42" box="[675,789,232,257]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="126" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tentum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E75FFA75CFD14AFFCA6AB42" box="[675,789,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="126">A. tentum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E75FFA75D0F14AFFC7EAB42" box="[849,973,232,257]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="126" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="horrida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E75FFA75D0F14AFFC7EAB42" box="[849,973,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="126">A. horrida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E75FFA75A1B14AFFB11AB42" box="[1093,1186,232,257]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="126" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nuda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E75FFA75A1B14AFFB11AB42" box="[1093,1186,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="126">A. nuda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks any cortical or even ectosomal skeleton, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E75FFA75FA41557FD20AB6A" box="[506,659,272,297]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="126" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alphiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E75FFA75FA41557FD20AB6A" box="[506,659,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="126">A. alphiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished by the principal spicules being subtylostyles and by the underpalisade layer of densely packed, tangentially oriented spicules. The cortical palisade of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E75FFA75B15157FFA2FAB12" box="[1355,1436,312,337]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="126" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E75FFA75B15157FFA2FAB12" box="[1355,1436,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="126">Aaptos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. is often composed of two categories of spicules (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B3B5E75FFA75D561527FB37AB39" author="Kelly-Borges" box="[776,1156,352,378]" pageId="31" pageNumber="134" refString="Kelly-Borges, M. & Bergquist, P. R. (1994) A redescription of Aaptos aaptos with descriptions of new species of Aaptos (Hadromerida: Suberitidae) from northern New Zealand. Journal of Zoology, 234 (2), 301 - 323." type="journal article" year="1994">KellyBorges & Bergquist 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E75FFA75AE91527FA88AB3A" box="[1207,1339,352,377]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="126" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="robustus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E75FFA75AE91527FA88AB3A" box="[1207,1339,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="126">A. robustus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20657A35E75FFA75B1C1527FA2EAB39" box="[1346,1437,352,378]" pageId="31" pageNumber="126" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E75FFA75E9715CFFEE4ABE2" box="[201,343,392,417]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="126" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="confertus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E75FFA75E9715CFFEE4ABE2" box="[201,343,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="126">A. confertus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
these categories are distinguished only by size and presented by fusiform, straight tylostyles in the former species and by slender, curved and/or bent styles in the latter species. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E75FFA75ADE15F7FAA1AB8A" box="[1152,1298,432,457]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="126" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="globosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E75FFA75ADE15F7FAA1AB8A" box="[1152,1298,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="126">A. globosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E75FFA75B7E15F7FA2FAB8A" box="[1312,1436,432,457]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="126" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rosacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E75FFA75B7E15F7FA2FAB8A" box="[1312,1436,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="126">A. rosacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E75FFA75E96159FFE8BABB2" box="[200,312,472,497]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="126" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tentum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E75FFA75E96159FFE8BABB2" box="[200,312,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="126">A. tentum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
these are small, fusiform tylostyles and larger, slender subtylostyles or styles, and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E75FFA75B44159FFF05A85A" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="126" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alphiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E75FFA75B44159FFF05A85A" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="126">A. alphiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they include small tylostyles and larger styles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFE36CA5E75FFA75E98166FFBF1A919" blockId="31.[151,1438,152,858]" pageId="31" pageNumber="126">
|
||
Thus, the principal spicules and two size classes of the cortical spicules constitute altogether three spicule categories of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E75FFA75F6A1617FE0AA82A" box="[308,441,592,617]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="126" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="robustus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E75FFA75F6A1617FE0AA82A" box="[308,441,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="126">A. robustus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20657A35E75FFA75F9E1617FDADA829" box="[448,542,592,618]" pageId="31" pageNumber="126" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, and no other spicules were observed in this species. Conversely, most other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E75FFA75EC9163FFF5AA8D2" box="[151,233,632,657]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="126" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E75FFA75EC9163FFF5AA8D2" box="[151,233,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="126">Aaptos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. possess a fourth category of spicules being intermediary in size between the longer spicules of the palisade and the principal megascleres, and embedded in the fanning main tracts protruding the cortex. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E75FFA75EC9168FFE97A8A2" box="[151,292,712,737]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="126" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="confertus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E75FFA75EC9168FFE97A8A2" box="[151,292,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="126">A. confertus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E75FFA75F6A168FFE02A8A2" box="[308,433,712,737]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="126" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rosacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E75FFA75F6A168FFE02A8A2" box="[308,433,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="126">A. rosacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E75FFA75FB2168FFD3FA8A2" box="[492,652,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="126">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E75FFA75FB2168FFD3BA8A2" box="[492,648,712,737]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="126" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alphiensis">A. alphiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
such an intermediary category is constituted by styles or subtylostyles, and these are also abundantly scattered in the choanosome between the main tracts. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E75FFA75A8416B7FAF8A94A" box="[1242,1355,752,777]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="126" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tentum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E75FFA75A8416B7FAF8A94A" box="[1242,1355,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="126">A. tentum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D495E75FFA75BDD16B7FEBAA972" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Aaptos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="126" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="globosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EAD85E75FFA75BDD16B7FEBAA972" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="126">A. globosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the intermediary spicules do not differ from the principal strongyloxeas in shape and are rarely found (in the former species) or absent (in the latter species) in the choanosome.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |