treatments-xml/data/03/E7/87/03E787D23857FFBB129B8DBC17D0CF74.xml
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

314 lines
51 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="87F17ED5FA68A46CE711C91DAFA4E832" ID-DOI="10.2478/aemnp-2018-0021" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c6c56876-6d8f-4c85-892a-37ea32bab386" ID-ISSN="1804-6487" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3699240" ID-ZooBank="66F5BF07-F271-4CE7-A40F-DFAFAF6076A2" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1583497418992" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Jehamalar, Eyarin, Chandra, Kailash &amp; Zettel, Herbert" docDate="2018" docId="03E787D23857FFBB129B8DBC17D0CF74" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaEntMusNatPra.58.1.243-248.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 58 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:BA2C5C8540539042E893A65A182CEA85.8:ActaEntMusNatPra.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="BA2C5C8540539042E893A65A182CEA85" docStyleName="ActaEntMusNatPra.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Helotrephes nainamalaii Jehamalar &amp; Chandra &amp; Zettel 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="247" masterDocId="FFDEFFAA3855FFBF112E8C02130ACE01" masterDocTitle="New species and first record of Helotrephes from India, and a check-list of Indian Helotrephidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)" masterLastPageNumber="248" masterPageNumber="243" pageNumber="245" updateTime="1698725395183" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
<mods:mods id="3506A4F500A15798F779893B28AD7901" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="03FF4E599BB7EDF7C3ABDE3A5CF9558B">
<mods:title id="1602FCADF2BDC67F9E31D4E728F051CE">New species and first record of Helotrephes from India, and a check-list of Indian Helotrephidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="95038D0FDEB9C98618A0CA7E4FC9B5E2" type="personal">
<mods:role id="DC05CB73B5F21749FA45E36D640F777B">
<mods:roleTerm id="30A9C0740D8F4B5A75B3CF7A573CB106">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="95006733EB8EE07768C6812B902BE6F7">Jehamalar, Eyarin</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="6BC5CB1C68307C5E99D1B45F01136C16" type="personal">
<mods:role id="0472E7C5AB756FB8B418DE5F373FBDE3">
<mods:roleTerm id="A7C70737884A82283CCF67EAC7D80257">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="68C4C54CB46B370BD92DE001CE54E8A4">Chandra, Kailash</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="D12D5103C13A138805602C6C6A660EBE" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7C0EFEEE86F512EFCB6D9B454C93B5B6">
<mods:roleTerm id="D3E2C215A916629220391F0069B8FF4F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="754EAAF837CCB28E4C5AECBBDF232746">Zettel, Herbert</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="2A931E8E37C9E5312D682AD7EA182B32">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="0F20116206E5AAF52BE25C1496DD1C0A" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="2DFA35322946A53C78E9B9B8749FE494">
<mods:title id="D8D7B1B6080FFE488669BD8C2CD8A869">Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="091BB3648FCE0112B364B2985604FF48">
<mods:date id="571ED5626A1F2001D58341FC3AC338DA">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="77732E03C34705B1A023975997C5852F" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="B8FD8F6629B5BF2CE869E6878416568E">2018-07-30</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="B220602F1AAFCB606D3ED2B0D0A49162" type="volume">
<mods:number id="26594A673C98DFAD191774F32D1A275D">58</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="30F9E0F01C997DCFAAFA872E49718B20" type="issue">
<mods:number id="ECEA462D829A0B86532985A1FCBE01F7">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="249ED0BF13C6F8C11758706B33303981" unit="page">
<mods:start id="10A2A57B091FA525C165342F0644AF55">243</mods:start>
<mods:end id="CE733FF834CD223DB2E1A754EB9068EE">248</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="0484ED566E2DA3B036FC77B457C5327A">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="1B9C4F2AC1D86B3BD3985AA38CB41B59" type="DOI">10.2478/aemnp-2018-0021</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="90F916A37016425BA9804FAC8A832F63" type="GBIF-Dataset">c6c56876-6d8f-4c85-892a-37ea32bab386</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="27E34A51D97B1FDD2B30CC7245547C3D" type="ISSN">1804-6487</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2C909335F6B06BC1508A367F52124A55" type="Zenodo-Dep">3699240</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8D953FEFDD917028F56C25FE362B1160" type="ZooBank">66F5BF07-F271-4CE7-A40F-DFAFAF6076A2</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03E787D23857FFBB129B8DBC17D0CF74" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3705450" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162462615" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3705450" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E787D23857FFBB129B8DBC17D0CF74" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E787D23857FFBB129B8DBC17D0CF74" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="247" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">
<subSubSection id="C354654F3857FFBD129B8DBC1629CFD4" box="[949,1315,446,469]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF136C43857FFBD129B8DBC1629CFD4" blockId="2.[828,1437,446,689]" box="[949,1315,446,469]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">
<heading id="D0B981A83857FFBD129B8DBC1629CFD4" box="[949,1315,446,469]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B93AEAD63857FFBD129B8DBC1629CFD4" bold="true" box="[949,1315,446,469]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D473857FFBD129B8DBC17CCCFD4" authority="Jehamalar &amp; Chandra &amp; Zettel, 2018" authorityName="Jehamalar &amp; Chandra &amp; Zettel" authorityYear="2018" box="[949,1222,446,469]" class="Insecta" family="Helotrephidae" genus="Helotrephes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nainamalaii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93AEAD63857FFBD129B8DBC17CCCFD4" bold="true" box="[949,1222,446,469]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Helotrephes nainamalaii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20957AD3857FFBD15E38DBC1629CFD4" box="[1229,1315,446,469]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C354654F3857FFBD15148DDE1794CFEE" box="[1082,1182,476,495]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF136C43857FFBD15148DDE1794CFEE" blockId="2.[828,1437,446,689]" box="[1082,1182,476,495]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">
<heading id="D0B981A83857FFBD15148DDE1794CFEE" box="[1082,1182,476,495]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">
(
<figureCitation id="13752A413857FFBD156E8DDE1792CFEE" box="[1088,1176,476,495]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[151,182,1558,1577]" captionTargetBox="[255,1334,191,1536]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[254,1334,189,1538]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Helotrephes nainamalaii sp. nov. (holotype, brachypterous male).A habitus, dorsal view; B head, frontal view; C pronotal and genal plate, ventral view (arrows indicate incision of pronotal plate and sub-basal tubercle of genal plate); D ventromedian carinae, lateral view (arrows indicate strongly protruded prosternal carina and blunt posterior corner of metasternal carina); E genital capsule, lateral view; F apex of right paramere, dorsolateral view; G aedeagus, lateral view; H, right paramere, lateral view; I left paramere, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3699244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3699244/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Figs 2AI</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C354654F3857FFBD12128DFC167BCCB0" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF136C43857FFBD12128DFC167BCCB0" blockId="2.[828,1437,446,689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">
<emphasis id="B93AEAD63857FFBD12128DFC10CBCC10" bold="true" box="[828,961,510,529]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B263C993857FFBD12E88DFC166CCC46" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2574906701" collectingDate="2016-03-04" collectionCode="PARA-, TYPE, CEL, ZSI" collectorName="Coll. E. E. Jehamalar. &amp; Both &amp; New Alipore &amp; Kolkata &amp; India &amp; Reg. No." country="India" county="East Khasi Hills District" elevation="1042" latitude="25.25731" location="Phudjynniaw Stream" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="91.5745" municipality="Janiaw Village" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Meghalaya" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54F588663857FFBD12E88DFC1710CC11" box="[966,1050,510,529]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" type="holotype">
<subScript id="17CA34813857FFBD12E88DFC1710CC11" attach="left" box="[966,1050,510,529]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">HOLOTYPE</subScript>
</typeStatus>
(brachypterous male):
<emphasis id="B93AEAD63857FFBD15CC8DFC1696CC10" bold="true" box="[1250,1436,510,529]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">
<collectingCountry id="F35976543857FFBD15CC8DFC162ECC10" box="[1250,1316,510,529]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">INDIA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="498AF8263857FFBD14038DFC169FCC11" box="[1325,1429,510,529]" country="India" name="Meghalaya" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">
<subScript id="17CA34813857FFBD14038DFC169FCC11" attach="left" box="[1325,1429,510,529]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">MEGHALAYA</subScript>
</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingCounty id="62904E483857FFBD12128E1B1704CC2D" box="[828,1038,537,556]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">East Khasi Hills District</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B95ACBE3857FFBD15388E1B179CCC2D" box="[1046,1174,537,556]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Janiaw Village</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8E91601F3857FFBD15B18E1B165ECC2D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E787D23857FFBB129B8DBC17D0CF74:8E91601F3857FFBD15B18E1B165ECC2D" box="[1183,1364,537,556]" country="India" county="East Khasi Hills District" latitude="25.25731" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="91.5745" municipality="Janiaw Village" name="Phudjynniaw Stream" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" stateProvince="Meghalaya">Phudjynniaw Stream</location>
,
<elevation id="0063D1F73857FFBD14728E1B106FCC46" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.042" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" unit="m" value="1042.0">
<quantity id="4CB69B213857FFBD14728E1B1697CC2D" box="[1372,1437,537,556]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.042" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" unit="m" value="1042.0">1042 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE7A50033857FFBD12408E3610D6CC46" box="[878,988,564,583]" degrees="25.25731" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" precision="1" value="25.25731">25.25731° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE7A50033857FFBD12CB8E36174DCC46" box="[997,1095,564,583]" degrees="91.5745" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" precision="5" value="91.5745">91.5745° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFF010043857FFBD157E8E3617AECC46" box="[1104,1188,564,583]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" value="2016-03-04">
<collectingDate id="EFB4E9EC3857FFBD157E8E3617AECC46" box="[1104,1188,564,583]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" value="2016-03-04">4.iii.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26BB53123857FFBD15828E36166CCC46" box="[1196,1382,564,583]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Coll. E. E. Jehamalar.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B263C993857FFBD14448E36167BCCB0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2574906702" collectingDate="2016-03-04" collectionCode="PARA-, TYPE, CEL, ZSI" collectorName="Coll. E. E. Jehamalar. &amp; Both &amp; New Alipore &amp; Kolkata &amp; India &amp; Reg. No." country="India" county="East Khasi Hills District" elevation="1042" latitude="25.25731" location="Phudjynniaw Stream" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="91.5745" municipality="Janiaw Village" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Meghalaya" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectionCode id="ED5FAE013857FFBD14448E361696CC46" box="[1386,1436,564,583]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">PARA-</collectionCode>
<subScript id="17CA34813857FFBD12128E51106BCC61" attach="none" box="[828,865,595,608]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">
<collectionCode id="ED5FAE013857FFBD12128E51106BCC61" box="[828,865,595,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">TYPE</collectionCode>
</subScript>
: 1 brachypterous male, same collection data as for holotype.
<collectorName id="26BB53123857FFBD145D8E4C1696CC60" box="[1395,1436,590,609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Both</collectorName>
specimens are deposited in the
<location id="8E91601F3857FFBD15128E6B1657CC7D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E787D23857FFBB129B8DBC17D0CF74:8E91601F3857FFBD15128E6B1657CC7D" box="[1084,1373,617,636]" country="India" county="East Khasi Hills District" latitude="25.25731" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="91.5745" municipality="Janiaw Village" name="Central Entomological Laboratory" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" stateProvince="Meghalaya">Central Entomological Laboratory</location>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5FAE013857FFBD14498E6B1699CC7D" box="[1383,1427,617,636]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14528" name="University of Illinois" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" type="Herbarium">CEL</collectionCode>
),
<location id="8E91601F3857FFBD12128E86172ECC96" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E787D23857FFBB129B8DBC17D0CF74:8E91601F3857FFBD12128E86172ECC96" box="[828,1060,644,663]" country="India" county="East Khasi Hills District" latitude="25.25731" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="91.5745" municipality="Janiaw Village" name="Zoological Survey of India" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" stateProvince="Meghalaya">Zoological Survey of India</location>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5FAE013857FFBD151E8E86175ECC96" box="[1072,1108,644,663]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">ZSI</collectionCode>
),
<collectorName id="26BB53123857FFBD154D8E8617D9CC96" box="[1123,1235,644,663]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">New Alipore</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26BB53123857FFBD15F28E861628CC96" box="[1244,1314,644,663]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Kolkata</collectorName>
,
<collectingRegion id="498AF8263857FFBD14048E861693CC96" box="[1322,1433,644,663]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="26BB53123857FFBD12128E9C1061CCB0" box="[828,875,670,689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">India</collectorName>
:
<typeStatus id="54F588663857FFBD125D8E9C10B4CCB0" box="[883,958,670,689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectorName id="26BB53123857FFBD12ED8E9C171ACCB0" box="[963,1040,670,689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Reg. No.</collectorName>
5887/H15,
<typeStatus id="54F588663857FFBD155B8E9C17B4CCB0" box="[1141,1214,670,689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
<collectorName id="26BB53123857FFBD15ED8E9C161BCCB0" box="[1219,1297,670,689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Reg. No.</collectorName>
5888/H15.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C354654F3857FFBD12128EC81633C980" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF136C43857FFBD12128EC8170DCD40" blockId="2.[828,1437,714,2081]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">
<emphasis id="B93AEAD63857FFBD12128EC817D8CCE0" bold="true" box="[828,1234,714,737]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Description of brachypterous male</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13752A413857FFBD15CA8EC81653CCE0" box="[1252,1369,714,737]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[151,182,1558,1577]" captionTargetBox="[255,1334,191,1536]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[254,1334,189,1538]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Helotrephes nainamalaii sp. nov. (holotype, brachypterous male).A habitus, dorsal view; B head, frontal view; C pronotal and genal plate, ventral view (arrows indicate incision of pronotal plate and sub-basal tubercle of genal plate); D ventromedian carinae, lateral view (arrows indicate strongly protruded prosternal carina and blunt posterior corner of metasternal carina); E genital capsule, lateral view; F apex of right paramere, dorsolateral view; G aedeagus, lateral view; H, right paramere, lateral view; I left paramere, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3699244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3699244/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Figs 2AI</figureCitation>
). Size (
<typeStatus id="54F588663857FFBD126D8EE810A8CD00" box="[835,930,746,769]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is a smaller specimen): Body length: 2.28 / 2.45. Maximum body width at posterolateral angle of cephalonotum: 1.71 / 1.81.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF136C43857FFBD12748F48173ACDC0" blockId="2.[828,1437,714,2081]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">
<emphasis id="B93AEAD63857FFBD12748F4810A6CD60" bold="true" box="[858,940,842,865]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Colour.</emphasis>
Dark brown to black. Anteromedian region of pronotum pale brown (
<figureCitation id="13752A413857FFBD15168F68179ACD80" box="[1080,1168,874,897]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[151,182,1558,1577]" captionTargetBox="[255,1334,191,1536]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[254,1334,189,1538]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Helotrephes nainamalaii sp. nov. (holotype, brachypterous male).A habitus, dorsal view; B head, frontal view; C pronotal and genal plate, ventral view (arrows indicate incision of pronotal plate and sub-basal tubercle of genal plate); D ventromedian carinae, lateral view (arrows indicate strongly protruded prosternal carina and blunt posterior corner of metasternal carina); E genital capsule, lateral view; F apex of right paramere, dorsolateral view; G aedeagus, lateral view; H, right paramere, lateral view; I left paramere, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3699244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3699244/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). Head yellowish brown with irregular black mark (
<figureCitation id="13752A413857FFBD15758F8817A5CDA0" box="[1115,1199,906,929]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[151,182,1558,1577]" captionTargetBox="[255,1334,191,1536]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[254,1334,189,1538]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Helotrephes nainamalaii sp. nov. (holotype, brachypterous male).A habitus, dorsal view; B head, frontal view; C pronotal and genal plate, ventral view (arrows indicate incision of pronotal plate and sub-basal tubercle of genal plate); D ventromedian carinae, lateral view (arrows indicate strongly protruded prosternal carina and blunt posterior corner of metasternal carina); E genital capsule, lateral view; F apex of right paramere, dorsolateral view; G aedeagus, lateral view; H, right paramere, lateral view; I left paramere, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3699244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3699244/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
), near eyes yellowish. Legs yellowish brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF136C43857FFBD12748FC8161BCAA0" blockId="2.[828,1437,714,2081]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">
<emphasis id="B93AEAD63857FFBD12748FC81752CDE0" bold="true" box="[858,1112,970,993]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Structural characters.</emphasis>
Head: vertex near posterior margin of eye rugulose; anterior part without distinct punctures. Cephalonotal suture sinuate and distinct (
<figureCitation id="13752A413857FFBD145F88081054CA40" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[151,182,1558,1577]" captionTargetBox="[255,1334,191,1536]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[254,1334,189,1538]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Helotrephes nainamalaii sp. nov. (holotype, brachypterous male).A habitus, dorsal view; B head, frontal view; C pronotal and genal plate, ventral view (arrows indicate incision of pronotal plate and sub-basal tubercle of genal plate); D ventromedian carinae, lateral view (arrows indicate strongly protruded prosternal carina and blunt posterior corner of metasternal carina); E genital capsule, lateral view; F apex of right paramere, dorsolateral view; G aedeagus, lateral view; H, right paramere, lateral view; I left paramere, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3699244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3699244/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
). Eye length 0.59, width 0.28. Fourth rostral segment almost 3.0 times as long as third. Pronotal plate with a very large, almost squared incision (
<figureCitation id="13752A413857FFBD15928868161ACA80" box="[1212,1296,1130,1153]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[151,182,1558,1577]" captionTargetBox="[255,1334,191,1536]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[254,1334,189,1538]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Helotrephes nainamalaii sp. nov. (holotype, brachypterous male).A habitus, dorsal view; B head, frontal view; C pronotal and genal plate, ventral view (arrows indicate incision of pronotal plate and sub-basal tubercle of genal plate); D ventromedian carinae, lateral view (arrows indicate strongly protruded prosternal carina and blunt posterior corner of metasternal carina); E genital capsule, lateral view; F apex of right paramere, dorsolateral view; G aedeagus, lateral view; H, right paramere, lateral view; I left paramere, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3699244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3699244/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
). Genal plate narrow, sub-basally with a small protrusion.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF136C43857FFBD127488A81725CB40" blockId="2.[828,1437,714,2081]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Punctures on entire dorsum bearing yellowish brown setae; pronotum with dense, small and shallow punctures; scutellum and hemelytra with sparse, large, deep punctures; corium sub-laterally reticulated. Mesoscutellum, length 1.09, basal width 0.94.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF136C43857FFBD127489481760C860" blockId="2.[828,1437,714,2081]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">
Ventral carinae (
<figureCitation id="13752A413857FFBD15398948177ECB60" box="[1047,1140,1354,1377]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[151,182,1558,1577]" captionTargetBox="[255,1334,191,1536]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[254,1334,189,1538]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Helotrephes nainamalaii sp. nov. (holotype, brachypterous male).A habitus, dorsal view; B head, frontal view; C pronotal and genal plate, ventral view (arrows indicate incision of pronotal plate and sub-basal tubercle of genal plate); D ventromedian carinae, lateral view (arrows indicate strongly protruded prosternal carina and blunt posterior corner of metasternal carina); E genital capsule, lateral view; F apex of right paramere, dorsolateral view; G aedeagus, lateral view; H, right paramere, lateral view; I left paramere, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3699244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3699244/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
): Prosternal carina deeply notched posteriorly, strongly protruding anterior corner and blunt posterior corner. Mesosternal carina anteriorly knob-like, posteriorly rounded. Metasternal carina almost squared, anteriorly elevated, posteriorly with blunt corner. Carina of sternum 2 large and almost sigmoid. Carina of sternum 3 with apical part almost reniform, with sparse long thin setae. Carinae of abdominal sterna 4 to 6 small and basally with thick setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF136C43857FFBD12748A681633C980" blockId="2.[828,1437,714,2081]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">
<emphasis id="B93AEAD63857FFBD12748A6810CCC880" bold="true" box="[858,966,1642,1665]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Genitalia.</emphasis>
Genital capsule as in
<figureCitation id="13752A413857FFBD15888A6817FFC880" box="[1190,1269,1642,1665]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[151,182,1558,1577]" captionTargetBox="[255,1334,191,1536]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[254,1334,189,1538]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Helotrephes nainamalaii sp. nov. (holotype, brachypterous male).A habitus, dorsal view; B head, frontal view; C pronotal and genal plate, ventral view (arrows indicate incision of pronotal plate and sub-basal tubercle of genal plate); D ventromedian carinae, lateral view (arrows indicate strongly protruded prosternal carina and blunt posterior corner of metasternal carina); E genital capsule, lateral view; F apex of right paramere, dorsolateral view; G aedeagus, lateral view; H, right paramere, lateral view; I left paramere, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3699244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3699244/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
. Aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="13752A413857FFBD145F8A681057C8A0" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[151,182,1558,1577]" captionTargetBox="[255,1334,191,1536]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[254,1334,189,1538]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Helotrephes nainamalaii sp. nov. (holotype, brachypterous male).A habitus, dorsal view; B head, frontal view; C pronotal and genal plate, ventral view (arrows indicate incision of pronotal plate and sub-basal tubercle of genal plate); D ventromedian carinae, lateral view (arrows indicate strongly protruded prosternal carina and blunt posterior corner of metasternal carina); E genital capsule, lateral view; F apex of right paramere, dorsolateral view; G aedeagus, lateral view; H, right paramere, lateral view; I left paramere, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3699244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3699244/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
) medium-sized, stout, with slightly convex posterior margin; apex of characteristic hook-like shape. Right paramere (
<figureCitation id="13752A413857FFBD129C8AC81700C8E0" box="[946,1034,1738,1761]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[151,182,1558,1577]" captionTargetBox="[255,1334,191,1536]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[254,1334,189,1538]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Helotrephes nainamalaii sp. nov. (holotype, brachypterous male).A habitus, dorsal view; B head, frontal view; C pronotal and genal plate, ventral view (arrows indicate incision of pronotal plate and sub-basal tubercle of genal plate); D ventromedian carinae, lateral view (arrows indicate strongly protruded prosternal carina and blunt posterior corner of metasternal carina); E genital capsule, lateral view; F apex of right paramere, dorsolateral view; G aedeagus, lateral view; H, right paramere, lateral view; I left paramere, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3699244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3699244/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Fig. 2H</figureCitation>
) slightly shorter than left paramere, slender and curved, posteriorly with 13 long setae evenly distributed in distal two thirds; apex round, but in a more posterior view (
<figureCitation id="13752A413857FFBD12F38B281723C940" box="[989,1065,1834,1857]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[151,182,1558,1577]" captionTargetBox="[255,1334,191,1536]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[254,1334,189,1538]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Helotrephes nainamalaii sp. nov. (holotype, brachypterous male).A habitus, dorsal view; B head, frontal view; C pronotal and genal plate, ventral view (arrows indicate incision of pronotal plate and sub-basal tubercle of genal plate); D ventromedian carinae, lateral view (arrows indicate strongly protruded prosternal carina and blunt posterior corner of metasternal carina); E genital capsule, lateral view; F apex of right paramere, dorsolateral view; G aedeagus, lateral view; H, right paramere, lateral view; I left paramere, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3699244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3699244/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
) angularly produced. Left paramere (
<figureCitation id="13752A413857FFBD126A8B481086C960" box="[836,908,1866,1889]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[151,182,1558,1577]" captionTargetBox="[255,1334,191,1536]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[254,1334,189,1538]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Helotrephes nainamalaii sp. nov. (holotype, brachypterous male).A habitus, dorsal view; B head, frontal view; C pronotal and genal plate, ventral view (arrows indicate incision of pronotal plate and sub-basal tubercle of genal plate); D ventromedian carinae, lateral view (arrows indicate strongly protruded prosternal carina and blunt posterior corner of metasternal carina); E genital capsule, lateral view; F apex of right paramere, dorsolateral view; G aedeagus, lateral view; H, right paramere, lateral view; I left paramere, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3699244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3699244/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Fig. 2I</figureCitation>
) broad, abruptly narrowed distally, with blunt tip, with some setae posteriorly and on medial face.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C354654F3857FFBC12128B8810CBC911" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="246" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF136C43857FFBC12128B8810CBC911" blockId="2.[828,1437,714,2081]" lastBlockId="3.[828,1437,1753,2096]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="246" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">
<emphasis id="B93AEAD63857FFBD12128B88173CC9A0" bold="true" box="[828,1078,1930,1953]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D473857FFBD15128B88164EC9A0" authority="Jehamalar &amp; Chandra &amp; Zettel, 2018" authorityName="Jehamalar &amp; Chandra &amp; Zettel" authorityYear="2018" box="[1084,1348,1930,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Helotrephidae" genus="Helotrephes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nainamalaii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93AEAD63857FFBD15128B88164EC9A0" box="[1084,1348,1930,1953]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Helotrephes nainamalaii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20957AD3857FFBD14648B881697C9A0" box="[1354,1437,1930,1953]" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
belongs to the
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D473857FFBD12FE8BA91743C9C0" authorityName="Zettel &amp; Polhemus" authorityYear="1998" box="[976,1097,1962,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Helotrephidae" genus="Helotrephes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B93AEAD63857FFBD12FE8BA91743C9C0" box="[976,1097,1962,1986]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">H. australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group sensu
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B353857FFBD15E18BA8108CC9E0" author="ZETTEL &amp; POLHEMUS" firstAuthor="ZETTEL" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" pagination="99 - 136" refId="ref4780" refString="ZETTEL H. &amp; POLHEMUS J. T. 1998: A revision of the genus Helotrephes Stal, 1860 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Helotrephidae) with descriptions of twelve new taxa from the Oriental Realm. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 100 B: 99 - 136." type="journal article" year="1998">ZETTEL &amp; POLHEMUS (1998)</bibRefCitation>
. It can easily be distinguished from all the other known species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D473857FFBD15098BE917ACC600" authorityName="Zettel &amp; Polhemus" authorityYear="1998" box="[1063,1190,2026,2050]" class="Insecta" family="Helotrephidae" genus="Helotrephes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B93AEAD63857FFBD15098BE91730C603" box="[1063,1082,2027,2050]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93AEAD63857FFBD15678BE817ACC600" box="[1097,1190,2026,2049]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group by the presence of a sub-basal tubercle on the genal plate (
<figureCitation id="13752A413857FFBD142B84081650C620" box="[1285,1370,2058,2081]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[151,182,1558,1577]" captionTargetBox="[255,1334,191,1536]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[254,1334,189,1538]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Helotrephes nainamalaii sp. nov. (holotype, brachypterous male).A habitus, dorsal view; B head, frontal view; C pronotal and genal plate, ventral view (arrows indicate incision of pronotal plate and sub-basal tubercle of genal plate); D ventromedian carinae, lateral view (arrows indicate strongly protruded prosternal carina and blunt posterior corner of metasternal carina); E genital capsule, lateral view; F apex of right paramere, dorsolateral view; G aedeagus, lateral view; H, right paramere, lateral view; I left paramere, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3699244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3699244/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="245">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
), by a strongly protruding anterior corner of the prosternal carina (
<figureCitation id="13752A413856FFBC11B18AFB13FEC911" box="[159,244,1785,1808]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[151,182,1558,1577]" captionTargetBox="[255,1334,191,1536]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[254,1334,189,1538]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Helotrephes nainamalaii sp. nov. (holotype, brachypterous male).A habitus, dorsal view; B head, frontal view; C pronotal and genal plate, ventral view (arrows indicate incision of pronotal plate and sub-basal tubercle of genal plate); D ventromedian carinae, lateral view (arrows indicate strongly protruded prosternal carina and blunt posterior corner of metasternal carina); E genital capsule, lateral view; F apex of right paramere, dorsolateral view; G aedeagus, lateral view; H, right paramere, lateral view; I left paramere, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3699244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3699244/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
), and by the apical hook of the aedeagus basally bent backward and then forward (
<figureCitation id="13752A413856FFBC132D8B1B1151C931" box="[515,603,1817,1840]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[151,182,1558,1577]" captionTargetBox="[255,1334,191,1536]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[254,1334,189,1538]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Helotrephes nainamalaii sp. nov. (holotype, brachypterous male).A habitus, dorsal view; B head, frontal view; C pronotal and genal plate, ventral view (arrows indicate incision of pronotal plate and sub-basal tubercle of genal plate); D ventromedian carinae, lateral view (arrows indicate strongly protruded prosternal carina and blunt posterior corner of metasternal carina); E genital capsule, lateral view; F apex of right paramere, dorsolateral view; G aedeagus, lateral view; H, right paramere, lateral view; I left paramere, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3699244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3699244/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
). The first two characters should probably easily facilitate the recognition of the hitherto unknown female. Although the hook-shap- ed apex of the aedeagus resembles that of
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D473856FFBC13718B7811D7C991" authorityName="Zettel &amp; Polhemus" authorityYear="1998" box="[607,733,1913,1937]" class="Insecta" family="Helotrephidae" genus="Helotrephes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B93AEAD63856FFBC13718B7811D7C991" box="[607,733,1913,1937]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">H. australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a common and widespread species in Southeast Asia,
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D473856FFBC13F08B98121DC9D1" authorityName="Jehamalar &amp; Chandra &amp; Zettel" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Helotrephidae" genus="Helotrephes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nainamalaii">
<emphasis id="B93AEAD63856FFBC13F08B98121DC9D1" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">H. nainamalaii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D473856FFBC10B08BB81110C9D1" authorityName="Zettel &amp; Polhemus" authorityYear="1998" box="[414,538,1977,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Helotrephidae" genus="Helotrephes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B93AEAD63856FFBC10B08BB81110C9D1" box="[414,538,1977,2001]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">H. australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the apical hook of the aedeagus being bent backward and then curved forward (
<figureCitation id="13752A413856FFBC11B18BFB13F8C611" box="[159,242,2041,2064]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[151,182,1558,1577]" captionTargetBox="[255,1334,191,1536]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[254,1334,189,1538]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Helotrephes nainamalaii sp. nov. (holotype, brachypterous male).A habitus, dorsal view; B head, frontal view; C pronotal and genal plate, ventral view (arrows indicate incision of pronotal plate and sub-basal tubercle of genal plate); D ventromedian carinae, lateral view (arrows indicate strongly protruded prosternal carina and blunt posterior corner of metasternal carina); E genital capsule, lateral view; F apex of right paramere, dorsolateral view; G aedeagus, lateral view; H, right paramere, lateral view; I left paramere, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3699244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3699244/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
), while in
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D473856FFBC10708BF812D3C611" authorityName="Zettel &amp; Polhemus" authorityYear="1998" box="[350,473,2041,2065]" class="Insecta" family="Helotrephidae" genus="Helotrephes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B93AEAD63856FFBC10708BF812D3C611" box="[350,473,2041,2065]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">H. australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it is simply curved forward (
<figureCitation id="13752A413856FFBC11B1841B13FFC631" box="[159,245,2073,2096]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[151,182,1930,1949]" captionTargetBox="[299,1290,638,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[298,1290,635,1911]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Key characters of species belonging to the Helotrephes australis species-group.AE aedeagi in right side view:A H. recurvatus Zettel, 2000; B H. australis Zettel &amp; Polhemus, 1998; C H. nieserianus Zettel &amp; Polhemus, 1998; D H. incisus Zettel &amp; Polhemus, 1998; E H. vietnamensis Zettel, 2005. FI pronotal and genal plate: F H. recurvatus; G H. globulus Zettel, 2004; H H. australis; I H. incisus. J right paramere of H. australis. K left paramere of H. australis. LO medioventral carinae: L H. globulus; M H. australis; N H. recurvatus; O H. incisus. Abbreviations: pr prosternum; ms mesosternum, mt metasternum, 26 carinae of abdominal sterna 26. Figures not on scale. Redrawn (with slight modifications) from ZETTEL &amp; POLHEMUS (1998): BD, HK, M, O; ZETTEL (2000a): A, F, N; ZETTEL (2004a): G, L; and ZETTEL (2005): E." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3699242" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3699242/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
). Moreover in
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D473856FFBC108E84181128C631" authorityName="Zettel &amp; Polhemus" authorityYear="1998" box="[416,546,2073,2097]" class="Insecta" family="Helotrephidae" genus="Helotrephes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B93AEAD63856FFBC108E84181128C631" box="[416,546,2073,2097]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">H. australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the right paramere is very slender, and the left paramere has a curved apex (
<figureCitation id="13752A413856FFBC126D8AFB10BFC911" box="[835,949,1785,1808]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[151,182,1930,1949]" captionTargetBox="[299,1290,638,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[298,1290,635,1911]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Key characters of species belonging to the Helotrephes australis species-group.AE aedeagi in right side view:A H. recurvatus Zettel, 2000; B H. australis Zettel &amp; Polhemus, 1998; C H. nieserianus Zettel &amp; Polhemus, 1998; D H. incisus Zettel &amp; Polhemus, 1998; E H. vietnamensis Zettel, 2005. FI pronotal and genal plate: F H. recurvatus; G H. globulus Zettel, 2004; H H. australis; I H. incisus. J right paramere of H. australis. K left paramere of H. australis. LO medioventral carinae: L H. globulus; M H. australis; N H. recurvatus; O H. incisus. Abbreviations: pr prosternum; ms mesosternum, mt metasternum, 26 carinae of abdominal sterna 26. Figures not on scale. Redrawn (with slight modifications) from ZETTEL &amp; POLHEMUS (1998): BD, HK, M, O; ZETTEL (2000a): A, F, N; ZETTEL (2004a): G, L; and ZETTEL (2005): E." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3699242" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3699242/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">Figs 1JK</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF31664C3856FFBC11B98A14174AC878" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3699244" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3699244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3699244/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" startId="3.[151,182,1558,1577]" targetBox="[255,1334,191,1536]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BF136C43856FFBC11B98A14174AC878" blockId="3.[151,1437,1558,1657]" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">
Fig. 2.
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D473856FFBC11FD8A1412ADC828" authority="Jehamalar &amp; Chandra &amp; Zettel, 2018" authorityName="Jehamalar &amp; Chandra &amp; Zettel" authorityYear="2018" box="[211,423,1558,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Helotrephidae" genus="Helotrephes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nainamalaii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93AEAD63856FFBC11FD8A1412ADC828" box="[211,423,1558,1577]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">Helotrephes nainamalaii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20957AD3856FFBC10828A1412E5C828" box="[428,495,1558,1577]" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(holotype, brachypterous male).A habitus, dorsal view; B head, frontal view; C pronotal and genal plate, ventral view (arrows indicate incision of pronotal plate and sub-basal tubercle of genal plate); D ventromedian carinae, lateral view (arrows indicate strongly protruded prosternal carina and blunt posterior corner of metasternal carina); E genital capsule, lateral view; F apex of right paramere, dorsolateral view; G aedeagus, lateral view; H, right paramere, lateral view; I left paramere, lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C354654F3856FFBC12128B1B10C4C991" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BF136C43856FFBC12128B1B10C4C991" blockId="3.[828,1437,1753,2096]" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">
<emphasis id="B93AEAD63856FFBC12128B1B10B6C931" bold="true" box="[828,956,1817,1840]" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">Etymology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D473856FFBC12EA8B1B17C4C931" authorityName="Jehamalar &amp; Chandra &amp; Zettel" authorityYear="2018" box="[964,1230,1817,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Helotrephidae" genus="Helotrephes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nainamalaii">
<emphasis id="B93AEAD63856FFBC12EA8B1B17C4C931" box="[964,1230,1817,1840]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">Helotrephes nainamalaii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is named after Mr. R. Nainamalai, Divisional Forest Officer, Jaintia Hills,
<collectingRegion id="498AF8263856FFBC12128B5B10BFC971" box="[828,949,1881,1904]" country="India" name="Meghalaya" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">Meghalaya</collectingRegion>
, for arranging the field trip in the East Khasi Hills District.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C354654F3856FFBB12128B9B17D0CF74" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="247" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF136C43856FFBB12128B9B11F2CA79" blockId="3.[828,1437,1753,2096]" lastBlockId="4.[151,760,961,1144]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="247" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">
<emphasis id="B93AEAD63856FFBC12128B9B1769C9B1" bold="true" box="[828,1123,1945,1968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">
<typeStatus id="54F588663856FFBC12128B9B107EC9B1" box="[828,884,1945,1968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">Type</typeStatus>
locality and habitat
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13752A413856FFBC155B8B9B17F9C9B1" box="[1141,1267,1945,1968]" captionStart="Figs 3" captionStartId="4.[151,188,817,836]" captionTargetBox="[151,760,189,807]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,760,187,807]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 3AC. Type locality of Helotrephes nainamalaii sp. nov. A map of India; B map of Meghalaya; triangle denotes the distribution of the new species; C photograph of the type locality, Phudjynniaw Stream in Janiaw Village." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3699246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3699246/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="246">Figs 3AC</figureCitation>
): Meghalaya is located between
<geoCoordinate id="EE7A50033856FFBC12C68BBB1735C9D1" box="[1000,1087,1977,2000]" degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" precision="925" value="25.016666">25°01N</geoCoordinate>
and
<geoCoordinate id="EE7A50033856FFBC15408BBB17CFC9D1" box="[1134,1221,1977,2000]" degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" precision="925" value="26.083334">26°05N</geoCoordinate>
latitude and
<geoCoordinate id="EE7A50033856FFBC14668BBB1696C9D1" box="[1352,1436,1977,2000]" degrees="85" direction="east" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" precision="925" value="85.816666">85°49E</geoCoordinate>
and
<geoCoordinate id="EE7A50033856FFBC12458BDB10CAC9F1" box="[875,960,2009,2032]" degrees="92" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" precision="925" value="92.86667">92°52E</geoCoordinate>
longitude. The East Khasi Hills district experiences an average annual rainfall of about
<quantity id="4CB69B213856FFBC140C8BFB1696C611" box="[1314,1436,2041,2064]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="246" unit="mm" value="12000.0">12,000 mm</quantity>
and is considered as one of the wettest regions on earth. About 39% of the districts total area is forested (
<quantity id="4CB69B213851FFBB13B18FC313B3CDF9" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.06752" pageId="4" pageNumber="247" unit="km" value="1067.52">1067.52 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C3B9B8C3851FFBB11978FDD13CBCDEC" attach="left" box="[185,193,991,1005]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="247">2</superScript>
out of
<quantity id="4CB69B213851FFBB103E8FE31265CDF9" box="[272,367,993,1016]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.748" pageId="4" pageNumber="247" unit="km" value="2748.0">2748 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C3B9B8C3851FFBB10418FDD127DCDEC" attach="left" box="[367,375,991,1005]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="247">2</superScript>
). The district is dissected by plenty of streams; the streams and rivers in the north flow toward the Brahmaputra River and those in the south toward the Surma River of
<collectingCountry id="F35976543851FFBB1011884312B5CA59" box="[319,447,1089,1112]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="4" pageNumber="247">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
. Phudjynniaw Stream located in East Khasi Hills District, is the tributary of Umngi River
<subSubSection id="C354654F3851FFBB13DA886311F2CA79" box="[756,760,1121,1144]" pageId="4" pageNumber="247">,</subSubSection>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF136C43851FFBB12128CBC1758CF14" blockId="4.[828,1437,190,373]" pageId="4" pageNumber="247">
which flows into
<collectingCountry id="F35976543851FFBB12C08CBC1760CED4" box="[1006,1130,190,213]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="4" pageNumber="247">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
and meets with Surma River. It is a limestone-bedded slow flowing shallow stream with an open canopy (
<figureCitation id="13752A413851FFBB12DC8CFC174CCF14" box="[1010,1094,254,277]" captionStart="Figs 3" captionStartId="4.[151,188,817,836]" captionTargetBox="[151,760,189,807]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,760,187,807]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 3AC. Type locality of Helotrephes nainamalaii sp. nov. A map of India; B map of Meghalaya; triangle denotes the distribution of the new species; C photograph of the type locality, Phudjynniaw Stream in Janiaw Village." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3699246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3699246/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="247">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF136C43851FFBB12128D1C17D0CF74" blockId="4.[828,1437,190,373]" pageId="4" pageNumber="247">
<emphasis id="B93AEAD63851FFBB12128D1C10C0CF34" bold="true" box="[828,970,286,309]" pageId="4" pageNumber="247">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known only from the
<typeStatus id="54F588663851FFBB159C8D1C17D5CF34" box="[1202,1247,286,309]" pageId="4" pageNumber="247">type</typeStatus>
locality, Phudjynniaw Stream in Janiaw Village, Mawsynram Block, East Khasi Hills District,
<collectingRegion id="498AF8263851FFBB15368D5C179BCF74" box="[1048,1169,350,373]" country="India" name="Meghalaya" pageId="4" pageNumber="247">Meghalaya</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35976543851FFBB15B28D5C17DCCF74" box="[1180,1238,350,373]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="247">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>