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<document id="D5B9C9C743BEDE17D08885FF852B7B15" ID-CLB-Dataset="28070" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4504.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0e77b7f6-1f66-419f-ac40-0af683c6a574" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2606555" ID-ZooBank="0B5C532E-0601-44F3-83AB-9EC141C6718A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553584935681" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shults, Phillip &amp; Borkent, Art" docDate="2018" docId="03E76925FFE56E01FF6CFF3D5185F53C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4504.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4504 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Culicoides occidentalis Wirth &amp; Jones" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="459" masterDocId="FFDE115DFFED6E09FFFBFFAA5404F272" masterDocTitle="Pupae of the Nearctic species of Culicoides Latreille subgenus Monoculicoides Khalaf (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="472" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="459" updateTime="1698712799667" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="BDE8C8366D246F646A1CF2855C2882D1">Pupae of the Nearctic species of Culicoides Latreille subgenus Monoculicoides Khalaf (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D22E86F6D7C6FA0F57B2CE4EED6355D3">Shults, Phillip</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03E76925FFE56E01FF6CFF3D5185F53C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5955056" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154495153" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5955056" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E76925FFE56E01FF6CFF3D5185F53C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E76925FFE56E01FF6CFF3D5185F53C" lastPageNumber="459" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<subSubSection id="C3548BB8FFE56E01FF6CFF3D5668F2C0" box="[151,620,151,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF1D833FFE56E01FF6CFF3D5668F2C0" blockId="8.[151,620,151,211]" box="[151,620,151,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<heading id="D0B96F5FFFE56E01FF6CFF3D5668F2C0" bold="true" box="[151,620,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C4EA3B0FFE56E01FF6CFF3D5668F2C0" ID-CoL="8BP3D" authority="Wirth &amp; Jones" authorityName="Wirth &amp; Jones" box="[151,620,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE56E01FF6CFF3D5668F2C0" bold="true" box="[151,620,151,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE56E01FF6CFF3D55A8F2C3" bold="true" box="[151,428,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Culicoides occidentalis</emphasis>
Wirth &amp; Jones
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3548BB8FFE56E01FF6CFF1055C2F2A1" box="[151,454,186,211]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF1D833FFE56E01FF6CFF1055C2F2A1" blockId="8.[151,620,151,211]" box="[151,454,186,211]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
(
<figureCitation id="1375C4B6FFE56E01FF64FF105507F2A1" box="[159,259,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[248,1337,443,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[248,1339,439,1901]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female, dorsal apotomes, in anterior view. (A) Culicoides occidentalis. (B) C. riethi. (C) C. sonorensis. (D) C. variipennis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606561/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Figs. 3A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1375C4B6FFE56E01FEF5FF115536F2A1" box="[270,306,187,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1814,1836]" captionTargetBox="[249,1338,218,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[249,1338,218,1785]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Female, dorsal apotomes, in anterior view. (A) Culicoides stigma. (B) C. grandensis. (C) Female mouthparts, in anterior view of C. occidentalis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606563/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">4C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1375C4B6FFE56E01FEC6FF105564F2A1" box="[317,352,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1791,1813]" captionTargetBox="[245,1340,213,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[245,1341,213,1764]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Thoracic dorsal setae, left side, dorsal view. (A) Culicoides shemanchuki. (B). C. occidentalis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606565/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">5B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1375C4B6FFE56E01FE97FF105595F2A1" box="[364,401,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1794,1816]" captionTargetBox="[246,1340,184,1758]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[246,1340,184,1758]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male, lateral and ventral tubercles of abdominal segments 4, in dorsal view (A) Culicoides occidentalis. (B) C. riethi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606567/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">6A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1375C4B6FFE56E01FE67FF1155BAF2A1" box="[412,446,187,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1768,1790]" captionTargetBox="[268,1318,193,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[266,1320,193,1746]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Female abdominal segments 89, in dorsal view. (A) Culicoides riethi. (B) C. occidentalis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606571/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">8B</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3548BB8FFE56E01FF6CFEA857EDF34D" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF1D833FFE56E01FF6CFEA857EDF34D" blockId="8.[151,1437,258,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE56E01FF6CFEA85515F369" bold="true" box="[151,273,258,283]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The only species of
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE56E01FDF1FEA95619F368" box="[522,541,259,282]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">C</emphasis>
. (
<taxonomicName id="4C4EA3B0FFE56E01FDCCFEA956EEF369" box="[567,746,259,283]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Monoculicoides">
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE56E01FDCCFEA956EEF369" box="[567,746,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Monoculicoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) with no more than 70% of the dorsal apotome covered in uniform spicules (
<figureCitation id="1375C4B6FFE56E01FE99FE8C55BDF34D" box="[354,441,294,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[248,1337,443,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[248,1339,439,1901]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female, dorsal apotomes, in anterior view. (A) Culicoides occidentalis. (B) C. riethi. (C) C. sonorensis. (D) C. variipennis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606561/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
) and bearing three to four clypeal setae (
<figureCitation id="1375C4B6FFE56E01FC78FE8C57D8F34D" box="[899,988,294,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1814,1836]" captionTargetBox="[249,1338,218,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[249,1338,218,1785]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Female, dorsal apotomes, in anterior view. (A) Culicoides stigma. (B) C. grandensis. (C) Female mouthparts, in anterior view of C. occidentalis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606563/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3548BB8FFE56E01FF3CFEE05155F404" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF1D833FFE56E01FF3CFEE050F3F625" blockId="8.[151,1437,258,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE56E01FF3CFEE055A1F311" bold="true" box="[199,421,330,355]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Description. Male.</emphasis>
Total length = 2.713.15 (2.99, 0.196 SD, n=4) mm. Light brown coloration throughout (
<figureCitation id="1375C4B6FFE56E01FF64FEC454E5F3F5" box="[159,225,366,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1747,1769]" captionTargetBox="[252,1338,206,1721]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[248,1338,205,1721]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of the pupae of Culicoides occidentalis (left) and C. riethi (right) in dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606557/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE56E01FF01FEC45547F3F5" bold="true" box="[250,323,366,391]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Head:</emphasis>
Dorsal apotome (DA) roughly 70% covered in uniform spicules decreasing in abundance dorsally (
<figureCitation id="1375C4B6FFE56E01FF64FE3854FDF3D9" box="[159,249,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[248,1337,443,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[248,1339,439,1901]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female, dorsal apotomes, in anterior view. (A) Culicoides occidentalis. (B) C. riethi. (C) C. sonorensis. (D) C. variipennis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606561/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
), DA length = 0.330.37 (0.35, 0.021 SD, n=4) mm; DA width = 0.210.22 (0.216, 0.004 SD, n=4) mm; DAW/DAL= 0.590.65 (0.615, 0.027 SD, n=4), CL1H about twice length of CL2H, with CL-3-H, with or without campaniform CL-4-H (
<figureCitation id="1375C4B6FFE56E01FDFFFE705665F381" box="[516,609,474,499]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1814,1836]" captionTargetBox="[249,1338,218,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[249,1338,218,1785]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Female, dorsal apotomes, in anterior view. (A) Culicoides stigma. (B) C. grandensis. (C) Female mouthparts, in anterior view of C. occidentalis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606563/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
); O2H, O4H separated medially by O1H and O3H.
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE56E01FAC1FE705198F381" bold="true" box="[1338,1436,474,499]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Thorax:</emphasis>
Cephalothorax length = 1.301.37 (1.33, 0.031 SD, n =4) mm. Respiratory organ (RO) elongate, slender, 34 subbasal pores (
<figureCitation id="1375C4B6FFE56E01FEB7FD8855A0F049" box="[332,420,546,571]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1621,1643]" captionTargetBox="[248,1340,171,1599]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[245,1341,169,1600]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Respiratory organs, in lateral view. (A) Culicoides shemanchuki. (B) C. occidentalis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606559/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
), RO length = 0.390.45 (0.42, 0.035 SD, n=4) mm; RO width = 0.040.05 (0.043, 0.005 SD, n=4) mm; ROW/ROL = 0.080.12 (0.102, 0.019 SD, n=4), D5T short.
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE56E01FC05FDEC5078F02D" bold="true" box="[1022,1148,582,607]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Abdomen:</emphasis>
Tergite 1 with long D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE56E01FA79FDED54A6F0F0" bridgedPair="-" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">3 I</date>
, short D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE56E01FEDAFDC15543F0F1" box="[289,327,619,643]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">2I</date>
, D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE56E01FE86FDC155A6F0F0" box="[381,418,619,642]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">7I</date>
anterior, campaniform D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE56E01FD1FFDC1570EF0F1" box="[740,778,619,643]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">4I</date>
, short D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE56E01FC72FDC157AAF0F1" box="[905,942,619,643]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">8I</date>
, and long, thin D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE56E01FB65FDC150C6F0F1" box="[1182,1218,619,643]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">9I</date>
on short tubercle posteriorly, L
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE56E01FEC4FD255560F0D5" box="[319,356,655,679]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">2I</date>
, L
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE56E01FE69FD2555B1F0D5" box="[402,437,655,679]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">3I</date>
short separated medially by long, thin L
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE56E01FC68FD2557B1F0D5" box="[915,949,655,679]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">1I</date>
on lateral margin. Chaetotaxy, shagreen of tergite 2 similar to tergite 4, without elongate tubercles, minute L
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE56E01FC84FD1957ABF0B9" box="[895,943,691,715]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">2II</date>
, L
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE56E01FC21FD19500CF0B9" box="[986,1032,691,715]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">4II</date>
separated medially by long, thin L
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE56E01FF6CFD7D54C1F09D" box="[151,197,727,751]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">3II</date>
on anterolateral margin. Chaetotaxy, shagreen of segment 3 similar to that of segment 4. Tergite 4 (
<figureCitation id="1375C4B6FFE56E01FAC0FD7C5190F09D" box="[1339,1428,726,751]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1794,1816]" captionTargetBox="[246,1340,184,1758]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[246,1340,184,1758]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male, lateral and ventral tubercles of abdominal segments 4, in dorsal view (A) Culicoides occidentalis. (B) C. riethi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606567/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
) with short D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE56E01FEC8FD51556FF161" box="[307,363,763,787]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">2IV</date>
on short tubercle, thin D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE56E01FD6EFD5156CAF161" box="[661,718,763,787]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">3IV</date>
on elongate, pointed tubercle, D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE56E01FBB6FD505081F161" box="[1101,1157,762,787]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">5IV</date>
, D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE56E01FB48FD5150E8F161" box="[1203,1260,763,787]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">4IV</date>
, D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE56E01FAE1FD515156F160" box="[1306,1362,763,786]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">7IV</date>
, D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE56E01FA79FD5154B0F144" bridgedPair="-" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">8 IV</date>
, D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE56E01FF19FCB5551FF145" box="[226,283,799,823]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">9IV</date>
in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally, minute D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE56E01FC3AFCB457FEF145" box="[961,1018,798,823]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">5IV</date>
on slightly formed tubercle, D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE56E01FA98FCB55198F145" box="[1379,1436,799,823]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">4IV</date>
on small tubercle, D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE56E01FE6BFCE955CCF128" box="[400,456,835,858]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">7IV</date>
on small rounded tubercle, D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE56E01FCCAFCE9576DF129" box="[817,873,835,859]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">8IV</date>
, D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE56E01FC62FCE957D6F129" box="[921,978,835,859]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">9IV</date>
each long on pointed tubercle, D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE56E01FA9FFCE95199F129" box="[1380,1437,835,859]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">8IV</date>
seta thicker than D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE56E01FE81FCCD55B7F10D" box="[378,435,871,895]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">9IV</date>
; lateral tubercles with elongate, apices, L
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE56E01FC68FCCD57CEF10D" box="[915,970,871,895]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">1IV</date>
thick seta on small bifurcate tubercle, L
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE56E01FF6CFC2154CBF1D1" box="[151,207,907,931]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">2IV</date>
, L
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE56E01FF05FC215533F1D1" box="[254,311,907,931]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">4IV</date>
thick setae, each on elongate bifurcate tubercle, separated by thin L
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE56E01FB9DFC21509BF1D1" box="[1126,1183,907,931]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">3IV</date>
on elongate bifurcate tubercle; sternite 4 with minute V
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE56E01FDDFFC045658F1B5" box="[548,604,942,967]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">5IV</date>
on small rounded tubercle, V
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE56E01FC47FC0457F1F1B5" box="[956,1013,942,967]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">6IV</date>
thin on pointed tubercle, small V
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE56E01FA7AFC0554B1F198" bridgedPair="-" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">7 IV</date>
on pointed tubercle, ventral setae in transverse row, shagreen along anterior margins, lateral portion with scattered shagreen. Segments 5 and 6 with similar chaetotaxy, shagreen to that of segment 4. Segment 7 with similar chaetotaxy to segment 4, with reduced lateral shagreen. Segment 8 chaetotaxy with seven sensilla, without lateral shagreen. Segment 9 with anterior shagreen, anterior margin not strongly modified (
<figureCitation id="1375C4B6FFE56E01FB6AFB9450EDF625" box="[1169,1257,1086,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1768,1790]" captionTargetBox="[268,1318,193,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[266,1320,193,1746]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Female abdominal segments 89, in dorsal view. (A) Culicoides riethi. (B) C. occidentalis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606571/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1D833FFE56E01FF3CFBC85132F779" blockId="8.[151,1437,258,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE56E01FF3CFBC85521F609" bold="true" box="[199,293,1122,1147]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Female.</emphasis>
Similar to male other than sexual differences on segment 9 and the following: total length = 2.763.20 (2.93, 0.234 SD, n=3) mm, DA1H apex extending past ventral margin of DA, DA length = 0.290.32 (0.30, 0.015 SD, n=3) mm, DA width = 0.230.25 (0.237, 0.012 SD, n=3) mm, DAW/DAL = 0.770.79 (0.78, 0.013 SD, n=3), Cephalothorax length = 1.301.37 (1.34, 0.035 SD, n=3) mm, RO length = 0.420.43 (0.423, 0.006 SD, n=3) mm, RO width = 0.040.05 (0.043, 0.006 SD, n=3) mm, ROW/ROL = 0.090.11 (0.102, 0.012 SD, n=3).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1D833FFE56E01FF3CFABC5155F404" blockId="8.[151,1437,258,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE56E01FF3CFABC55D3F75D" bold="true" box="[199,471,1302,1327]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Taxonomic discussion.</emphasis>
This species has 3-4 subbasal pores on the respiratory organ and along with
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE56E01FA79FABD5534F721" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<taxonomicName id="4C4EA3B0FFE56E01FA79FABD5528F721" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shemanchuki">C. shemanchuki</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
are the only members of
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE56E01FDAAFA915660F720" box="[593,612,1339,1362]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">C</emphasis>
. (
<taxonomicName id="4C4EA3B0FFE56E01FD87FA91572BF721" box="[636,815,1339,1363]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Monoculicoides">
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE56E01FD87FA91572BF721" box="[636,815,1339,1363]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Monoculicoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) with four subbasal pores on the respiratory organ. We have not observed any specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C4EA3B0FFE56E01FDB1FAF556E2F704" box="[586,742,1375,1398]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sonorensis">
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE56E01FDB1FAF556E2F704" box="[586,742,1375,1398]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">C. sonorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C4EA3B0FFE56E01FCE8FAF557B1F704" baseAuthorityName="Wirth &amp; Jones" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[787,949,1375,1398]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variipennis">
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE56E01FCE8FAF557B1F704" box="[787,949,1375,1398]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">C. variipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the other members of the
<taxonomicName id="4C4EA3B0FFE56E01FB02FAF55198F704" baseAuthorityName="Wirth &amp; Jones" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[1273,1436,1375,1398]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variipennis">
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE56E01FB02FAF55198F704" box="[1273,1436,1375,1398]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">C. variipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex, with more than three subbasal pores. This could potentially be a useful identifying character within this complex, however, more specimens are needed to confirm this as high variation has been observed in the number of subbasal pores within other species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDFA5C2FFE56E01FDA8FA6156F5F791" author="Lawson, J. W. H." box="[595,753,1482,1507]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" pagination="511 - 570" refId="ref13701" refString="Lawson, J. W. H. (1951) The anatomy and morphology of the early stages of Culicoides nubeculosus Meigen (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae = Heleidae). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 102, 511 - 570, pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1951">Lawson 1951</bibRefCitation>
). This species and
<taxonomicName id="4C4EA3B0FFE56E01FC3CFA615064F790" box="[967,1120,1483,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sonorensis">
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE56E01FC3CFA615064F790" box="[967,1120,1483,1506]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">C. sonorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are the only members of
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE56E01FA79FA615191F790" box="[1410,1429,1483,1506]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">C</emphasis>
. (
<taxonomicName id="4C4EA3B0FFE56E01FF5BFA5B5557F47B" box="[160,339,1521,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Monoculicoides">
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE56E01FF5BFA5B5557F47B" box="[160,339,1521,1545]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Monoculicoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) examined where some specimens had a 4
<superScript id="7C3B757BFFE56E01FCA8FA44575BF78E" attach="left" box="[851,863,1518,1532]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">th</superScript>
ocular seta, O4H (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDFA5C2FFE56E01FB9BFA5B513DF478" author="Shults, P. &amp; Borkent, A. &amp; Gold, R." box="[1120,1337,1521,1546]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" pagination="280 - 318" refId="ref14147" refString="Shults, P., Borkent, A. &amp; Gold, R. (2016) The pupa of Culicoides sonorensis Wirth and Jones (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) - first detailed description of this stage of the Bluetongue Virus vector. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 109, 280 - 318. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / sav 119" type="journal article" year="2016">
Shults
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE56E01FB4FFA5850F4F47B" box="[1204,1264,1521,1545]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
). Of the members of the subgenus with spicules on the dorsal apotome,
<taxonomicName id="4C4EA3B0FFE56E01FC9BF9BC500CF45F" box="[864,1032,1557,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE56E01FC9BF9BC500CF45F" box="[864,1032,1557,1581]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">C. occidentalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the lowest spicule density (
<figureCitation id="1375C4B6FFE56E01FA95F9BF54B8F420" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[248,1337,443,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[248,1339,439,1901]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female, dorsal apotomes, in anterior view. (A) Culicoides occidentalis. (B) C. riethi. (C) C. sonorensis. (D) C. variipennis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606561/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). Pupae of this species had 1 or 2 extra campaniform clypeal sensilla, CL3H and CL4H (
<figureCitation id="1375C4B6FFE56E01FB06F993515CF420" box="[1277,1368,1593,1618]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1814,1836]" captionTargetBox="[249,1338,218,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[249,1338,218,1785]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Female, dorsal apotomes, in anterior view. (A) Culicoides stigma. (B) C. grandensis. (C) Female mouthparts, in anterior view of C. occidentalis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606563/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
). One extra CL sensilla is also present in
<taxonomicName id="4C4EA3B0FFE56E01FDE5F9F45678F407" box="[542,636,1629,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="riethi">
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE56E01FDE5F9F45678F407" box="[542,636,1629,1653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">C. riethi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but
<taxonomicName id="4C4EA3B0FFE56E01FD56F9F45751F407" box="[685,853,1629,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE56E01FD56F9F45751F407" box="[685,853,1629,1653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">C. occidentalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only species observed with a CL4H.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3548BB8FFE56E01FF3CF92B55D3F490" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BF1D833FFE56E01FF3CF92B55D3F490" blockId="8.[151,1437,258,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<taxonomicName id="4C4EA3B0FFE56E01FF3CF92B55D4F4EB" ID-CoL="8BP3D" box="[199,464,1665,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE56E01FF3CF92B55D4F4EB" box="[199,464,1665,1689]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Culicoides occidentalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ranges from British Columbia to
<collectingRegion id="498A16D1FFE56E01FCA6F92B5014F4E8" box="[861,1040,1665,1690]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Baja California</collectingRegion>
, east to Nevada, southeast eastern New
<collectingCountry id="F35998A3FFE56E01FF28F90F552CF4CC" box="[211,296,1701,1726]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Mexico</collectingCountry>
and west Texas. Immatures have been reported from aquatic sites with highly salinity (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDFA5C2FFE56E01FB03F90F54D6F490" author="Wirth, W. W. &amp; Jones, R. H." pageId="8" pageNumber="459" pagination="1 - 35" refId="ref14404" refString="Wirth, W. W. &amp; Jones, R. H. (1957) The North American subspecies of Culicoides variipennis (Diptera, Heleidae). U. S. Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin, 1170, 1 - 35." type="journal article" year="1957">Wirth &amp; Jones 1957</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDFA5C2FFE56E01FF26F96355CFF490" author="Holbrook, F. R. &amp; Tabachnick, W. J. &amp; Schmidtmann, E. T. &amp; McKinnon, C. N. &amp; Bobian, R. J. &amp; Grogan, W. L." box="[221,459,1737,1762]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" pagination="65 - 76" refId="ref13049" refString="Holbrook, F. R., Tabachnick, W. J., Schmidtmann, E. T., McKinnon, C. N., Bobian, R. J. &amp; Grogan, W. L. (2000) Sympatry in the Culicoides variipennis complex (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae): a taxonomic reassessment. Journal of Medical Entomology, 37, 65 - 76. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0022 - 2585 - 37.1.65" type="journal article" year="2000">
Holbrook
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE56E01FEB4F9605584F493" box="[335,384,1737,1761]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">et al</emphasis>
. 2000
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3548BB8FFE56E01FF3CF9475185F53C" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF1D833FFE56E01FF3CF9475185F53C" blockId="8.[151,1437,258,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE56E01FF3CF94755B7F574" bold="true" box="[199,435,1773,1798]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Material examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B26D26EFFE56E01FE40F9445530F558" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028137963" collectingDate="1994-07-21" collectionCode="CNCI" collectorName="Grogan &amp; McKinnon" country="Canada" location="Kamloops" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="9D4813BAFFE56E01FE40F944560DF574" box="[443,521,1773,1798]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D4813BAFFE56E01FDEEF9445686F574" box="[533,642,1773,1798]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5F40F6FFE56E01FD6AF94456DEF574" box="[657,730,1774,1798]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rzcb-tdp2" name="Canadian National Collection Insects" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">CNCI</collectionCode>
),
<collectingCountry id="F35998A3FFE56E01FD16F9475740F574" box="[749,836,1773,1798]" name="Canada" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Canada</collectingCountry>
, B.C.,
<location id="8E918EE8FFE56E01FC69F947500CF574" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E76925FFE56E01FF6CFF3D5185F53C:8E918EE8FFE56E01FC69F947500CF574" box="[914,1032,1773,1798]" country="Canada" name="Kamloops" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Kamloops</location>
, alkaline lake,
<collectingDate id="EFB4071BFFE56E01FB4AF9445139F574" box="[1201,1341,1774,1798]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" value="1994-07-21">
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE56E01FB4AF9445139F574" box="[1201,1341,1774,1798]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" value="1994-07-21">21.VII.1994</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="26BBBDE5FFE56E01FAB3F9445198F574" box="[1352,1436,1774,1798]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Grogan</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26BBBDE5FFE56E01FF4CF8BB5530F558" box="[183,308,1809,1834]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">McKinnon</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B26D26EFFE56E01FEB9F8B85185F53C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028137961" collectingDate="2014-05-04" collectionCode="CNCI" collectorName="A. Borkent." country="Canada" latitude="49.30764" location="White Lake" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" specimenCount="16" specimenCount-female="8" specimenCount-male="8">
<specimenCount id="9D4813BAFFE56E01FEB9F8B8559BF558" box="[322,415,1809,1834]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D4813BAFFE56E01FE56F8B85624F558" box="[429,544,1809,1834]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
, (
<specimenCount id="9D4813BAFFE56E01FDC1F8B8568EF558" box="[570,650,1809,1834]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D4813BAFFE56E01FD62F8B856FAF558" box="[665,766,1809,1834]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
TAMU, voucher series #732;
<specimenCount id="9D4813BAFFE56E01FB98F8B850C4F558" box="[1123,1216,1809,1834]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D4813BAFFE56E01FB34F8B8513AF558" box="[1231,1342,1809,1834]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="ED5F40F6FFE56E01FAB2F8B85194F558" box="[1353,1424,1810,1834]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rzcb-tdp2" name="Canadian National Collection Insects" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">CNCI</collectionCode>
),
<collectingCountry id="F35998A3FFE56E01FF6CF89F54EAF53C" box="[151,238,1845,1870]" name="Canada" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Canada</collectingCountry>
, B.C.,
<location id="8E918EE8FFE56E01FEC1F89F55C5F53C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E76925FFE56E01FF6CFF3D5185F53C:8E918EE8FFE56E01FEC1F89F55C5F53C" box="[314,449,1845,1870]" country="Canada" latitude="49.30764" name="White Lake" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">White Lake</location>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A43C111FFE56E01FE37F89F56EAF53C" box="[460,750,1845,1870]" location="Okanagan Falls" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<quantity id="4CB675D6FFE56E01FE37F89F5600F53C" box="[460,516,1845,1870]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
SW Okanagan Falls
</locationDeviation>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE7ABEF4FFE56E01FD01F89F57A3F53C" box="[762,935,1845,1870]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" precision="1" value="49.30764">49°1827.51&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 119°13800.23&quot;W,
<collectingDate id="EFB4071BFFE56E01FB71F89C50F6F53C" box="[1162,1266,1846,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" value="2014-05-04">
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE56E01FB71F89C50F6F53C" box="[1162,1266,1846,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" value="2014-05-04">4.V.2014</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="26BBBDE5FFE56E01FB06F89C5185F53C" box="[1277,1409,1845,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">A. Borkent.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>