239 lines
30 KiB
XML
239 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="B4A13B6DA22F57F2CD950D74A7137FD6" ID-CLB-Dataset="46622" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.208009" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2b235122-2ec9-4610-9a25-9ce3c985d7da" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="208009" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460372247653" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sanamyan, Karen & Sanamyan, Nadya" docDate="2011" docId="03E0C42CEC57FFEDFF4D0F7DFE9EFD6F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02922p050.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2922" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Aplidium dissectum Sanamyan & Sanamyan, 2011, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="FFD9BC54EC55FFE8FFDA0B00FF97FF80" masterDocTitle="Shallow-water species of the genus Aplidium (Ascidiacea) from Kamchatka and Commander Islands" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1698295867472" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="BBA32A9A9CC8C1398D939345F6842E00">
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<mods:title id="C186E471354A17E3A2AC0E94FDA050CD">Shallow-water species of the genus Aplidium (Ascidiacea) from Kamchatka and Commander Islands</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="5C6D5B21487CA410AA54E542140268AA" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="6C507A5CF61C8DB5EFE9AEEB4A174470">Sanamyan, Karen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="0D9F1C66B5B392391853342BCB626D2D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2772E51A003AD99CA9A1882FA5CC28B9">Sanamyan, Nadya</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6392022426E5D6164DBD76455B5E76A5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="022D83419B8D3CA821E51F523CB450F3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="953F32011D0702FB2059B8BD896D904F">
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<mods:date id="B72B8517B1F4C01F4D5264EF94B9CE68">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="305AEF83991FEEE1B18A13938F88B2A0" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="315D072D062AAF87F6F3D21BD8ABD48E">2922</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="23E9CE22A885B8275D9B725DE85D047D">41</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="555740B6D158D0E4FE63146E44DF51DD" type="CLB-Dataset">46622</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B8042F4A75DD54C54ECF9613EF2CCBFB" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.208009</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8537C9D8DC49D84B6948B714C67B8613" type="GBIF-Dataset">2b235122-2ec9-4610-9a25-9ce3c985d7da</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EEAECAA655FE3B3F05384E91FDECAECA" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8B7A87B3C07334CD29F7A1DD76E5B0E2" type="Zenodo-Dep">208009</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E0C42CEC57FFEDFF4D0F7DFE9EFD6F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6187484" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119412330" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6187484" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E0C42CEC57FFEDFF4D0F7DFE9EFD6F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E0C42CEC57FFEDFF4D0F7DFE9EFD6F" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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<subSubSection id="C35326B1EC57FFEAFF4D0F7DFEB0FB39" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF6753AEC57FFEAFF4D0F7DFE57FB15" blockId="2.[151,448,1149,1209]" box="[151,448,1149,1174]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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<heading id="D0BEC256EC57FFEAFF4D0F7DFE57FB15" bold="true" box="[151,448,1149,1174]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B93DA928EC57FFEAFF4D0F7DFE57FB15" bold="true" box="[151,448,1149,1174]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName id="4C490EB9EC57FFEAFF4D0F7DFEEDFB16" box="[151,378,1149,1174]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dissectum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B93DA928EC57FFEAFF4D0F7DFEEDFB16" bold="true" box="[151,378,1149,1174]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Aplidium dissectum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E1453EC57FFEAFE580F7DFE57FB15" box="[386,448,1149,1173]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF6753AEC57FFEAFF4D0FA1FEB0FB39" blockId="2.[151,448,1149,1209]" box="[151,295,1185,1209]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">(Figures 2,3)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35326B1EC57FFEAFF4D0FE9FDEFFAC9" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF6753AEC57FFEAFF4D0FE9FDEFFAC9" blockId="2.[151,1436,1257,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="B93DA928EC57FFEAFF4D0FE9FE13FA82" bold="true" box="[151,388,1257,1282]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Material examined.</emphasis>
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Kamchatka, Avacha Bay: Starichkov Island,
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<quantity id="4CB1D8DFEC57FFEAFC4C0FE9FC5DFA81" box="[918,970,1257,1281]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="10.0">10m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FFF753FAEC57FFEAFC030FE9FBC0FA81" box="[985,1111,1257,1281]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" value="2002-09-15">15.09.2002</date>
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(
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<typeStatus id="54F2CB98EC57FFEAFBB00FE9FB43FA81" box="[1130,1236,1257,1281]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<collectionCode id="ED58EDFFEC57FFEAFB040FE9FAA5FA81" box="[1246,1330,1257,1281]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">KBPIG</collectionCode>
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1439/1);
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<quantity id="4CB1D8DFEC57FFEAFF4D0E0DFF5CFAA5" box="[151,203,1293,1317]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="13.0">13m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FFF753FAEC57FFEAFF010E0DFECBFAA5" box="[219,348,1293,1317]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" value="2006-06-20">20.06.2006</date>
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, two colonies (
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<typeStatus id="54F2CB98EC57FFEAFDD50E0DFDE9FAA5" box="[527,638,1293,1317]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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<collectionCode id="ED58EDFFEC57FFEAFD530E0DFD4AFAA5" box="[649,733,1293,1317]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">KBPIG</collectionCode>
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1440/2,
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<date id="FFF753FAEC57FFEAFC920E0DFC62FAA5" box="[840,1013,1293,1317]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" value="2006-01-06" valueMax="2006-01-20" valueMin="2006-01-06">2006-06-20-01</date>
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); Vilucha Bay, Laperusa Rock,
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<quantity id="4CB1D8DFEC57FFEAFAB00E0DFA0BFAA5" box="[1386,1436,1293,1317]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="12.0">12m</quantity>
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(
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<typeStatus id="54F2CB98EC57FFEAFF440E31FE95FAC9" box="[158,258,1329,1353]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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<collectionCode id="ED58EDFFEC57FFEAFED30E31FECAFAC9" box="[265,349,1329,1353]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">KBPIG</collectionCode>
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1441/3,
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<date id="FFF753FAEC57FFEAFE1A0E31FDFBFAC9" box="[448,620,1329,1353]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" value="2006-04-07" valueMax="2006-04-25" valueMin="2006-04-07">2006-07-25-04</date>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35326B1EC57FFEBFF1F0E55FC60FE2C" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF6753AEC57FFEAFF1F0E55FB99F956" blockId="2.[151,1436,1257,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="B93DA928EC57FFEAFF1F0E55FEC1FAEE" bold="true" box="[197,342,1365,1390]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Description.</emphasis>
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Each colony is a group of low cushions or lobes closely adherent to each other. Each lobe is about 2 or
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<quantity id="4CB1D8DFEC57FFEAFF130E79FF68FA11" box="[201,255,1401,1425]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
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in the greatest diameter, but occasionally up to
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<quantity id="4CB1D8DFEC57FFEAFCC80E79FCDBFA11" box="[786,844,1401,1425]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
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. On preserved material the upper surface of the lobes is concave but more rounded on living specimens (
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<figureCitation id="137269BFEC57FFEAFD160E9DFCBCFA35" box="[716,811,1437,1461]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1976,1999]" captionTargetBox="[173,1416,337,1941]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[173,1417,337,1942]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Aplidium dissectum n. sp. A, lava (holotype); B, colony, preserved (holotype); C, D, colony underwater (2006 - 07 - 25 - 04 and 2006 - 07 - 25 - 01 respectively)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208012/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Figure 3</figureCitation>
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D). Basally the lobes are joined and a colony is attached to substratum by not very large area. Sand grains may present on the sides of the lobes and at the base of the colony, but generally foreign particles are sparse and completely absent inside, and the upper surface of the colony is always clear. Living specimens are dull yellow-reddish, preserved in formaline are brownish with slight reddish tint. The common test of the living specimens is slightly translucent, but not transparent, and zooids are not visible through the test on underwater photographs. In preservative it becomes more clear, but still dull and foggy. Zooids arranged along branched but rather short cloacal canals converging to the cloacal openings. Short transparent cloacal siphons, several on each lobe, are visible on living specimens but retract completely in preservative and the surface become quite smooth, without any kind of depressions indicating systems.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF6753AEC57FFEAFF1F0DE1FCECF82D" blockId="2.[151,1436,1257,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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Zooids are up to
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<quantity id="4CB1D8DFEC57FFEAFE5B0DE1FE64F979" box="[385,499,1761,1785]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15–20mm</quantity>
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long with rather short thorax and abdomen and long postabdomen. They are mostly parallel to each other. Short branchial aperture has usual six small pointed lobes. Upper rim of small atrial aperture is drawn into occasionally simple but usually three-lobed atrial languet. Zooids with simple and three-lobed languets may occur together within the same lobe of colony and the shape probably depends on the position of a particular zooid in the system. About dozen of fine longitudinal muscles are in the thoracic wall. The branchial sac has usually 11, sometimes 10 or 12 rows of about 12–14 stigmata.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF6753AEC57FFEBFF1F0CB9FA9BFF54" blockId="2.[151,1436,1257,2037]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,428]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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The abdomen is shorter than thorax. A short cylindrical stomach located in the middle of abdomen has 24–28 rather irregular and shallow folds which can be counted with reasonable degree of certainty only on transverse cross-sections. Subdivision of the post pyloric part of the gut loop on typical for
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<taxonomicName id="4C490EB9EC56FFEBFBED0B98FB09FF30" box="[1079,1182,152,176]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93DA928EC56FFEBFBED0B98FB09FF30" box="[1079,1182,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Aplidium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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regions is quite clear: there is rather long duodenum, mid-intestine with oval posterior stomach and noticeable rectal valves.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF6753AEC56FFEBFF1F0BDFFBBCFE9C" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,428]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">The posterior abdomen is long and in many zooids looks empty. Several large ova may be located just below the gut loop or some distance from it, in the upper third of the posterior abdomen.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF6753AEC56FFEBFF1F0A28FC60FE2C" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,428]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
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Numerous larva and embryos incubated in the atrial cavity of many zooids. The trunk of the larva is
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<quantity id="4CB1D8DFEC56FFEBFAB10A27FF64FEE4" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="0.725" valueMax="0.75" valueMin="0.7">0.7– 0.75mm</quantity>
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long. Three adhesive organs alternate with four median ampullae (which often have forked ampullaceous ends) and four large bulbous lateral ampullae on each side of the trunk. Several small epidermal vesicles are along mid-dorsal and mid-ventral lines but not around the anterior end of the trunk.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF3625B2EC56FFEBFF4D0DE9FB24F880" box="[151,1203,1769,1792]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208011/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" targetBox="[395,1210,480,1722]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="8BF6753AEC56FFEBFF4D0DE9FB24F880" blockId="3.[151,1203,1769,1792]" box="[151,1203,1769,1792]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
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<emphasis id="B93DA928EC56FFEBFF4D0DE9FE9BF97F" bold="true" box="[151,268,1769,1792]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C490EB9EC56FFEBFEC30DEAFE77F880" box="[281,480,1770,1792]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dissectum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B93DA928EC56FFEBFEC30DEAFE77F880" box="[281,480,1770,1792]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Aplidium dissectum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B93DA928EC56FFEBFE3C0DEAFD88F97F" bold="true" box="[486,543,1770,1791]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E1453EC56FFEBFE3C0DEAFD88F97F" box="[486,543,1770,1791]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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A, zooids; B larva (2006-10-15-04); C, colony (2004-07-28-03).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C35326B1EC56FFEDFF1D0C27FAFEFD97" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BF6753AEC56FFECFF1D0C27FED0FE9C" blockId="3.[151,1436,1831,2036]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,284]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
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<emphasis id="B93DA928EC56FFEBFF1D0C27FEACF8BF" bold="true" box="[199,315,1831,1855]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The species belongs to a difficult group of
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<taxonomicName id="4C490EB9EC56FFEBFCF80C27FC1EF8BF" box="[802,905,1831,1855]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93DA928EC56FFEBFCF80C27FC1EF8BF" box="[802,905,1831,1855]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Aplidium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species with numerous stomach folds and relatively few rows of stigmata. Initially it was identified as
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<taxonomicName id="4C490EB9EC56FFEBFCFB0C4BFB25F8E3" authority="Ritter, 1901" authorityName="Ritter" authorityYear="1901" box="[801,1202,1867,1891]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="translucidum">
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<emphasis id="B93DA928EC56FFEBFCFB0C4BFBB3F8E3" box="[801,1060,1867,1891]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Aplidium translucidum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD808CBEC56FFEBFBF60C4BFB25F8E3" author="Ritter" box="[1068,1202,1867,1891]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" refString="Ritter, W. E. (1901) The ascidians. In: Papers from Harriman Alaska expedition. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Science, 3, 225 - 266." type="journal article" year="1901">Ritter, 1901</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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originally described from "Orca, Prince William Sound, Alaska, on reefs at low tide" (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD808CBEC56FFEBFCA30C6FFBAAF807" author="Ritter" box="[889,1085,1903,1927]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" refString="Ritter, W. E. (1901) The ascidians. In: Papers from Harriman Alaska expedition. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Science, 3, 225 - 266." type="journal article" year="1901">Ritter, 1901: 251</bibRefCitation>
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). According to
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD808CBEC56FFEBFB310C6FFAEBF807" author="Ritter" box="[1259,1404,1903,1927]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" refString="Ritter, W. E. (1901) The ascidians. In: Papers from Harriman Alaska expedition. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Science, 3, 225 - 266." type="journal article" year="1901">Ritter (1901)</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C490EB9EC56FFEBFA5E0C6FFEBCF82B" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="translucidum">
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<emphasis id="B93DA928EC56FFEBFA5E0C6FFEBCF82B" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">A. translucidum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has very regular inverted cone shaped colonies attached by a short peduncle.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD808CBEC56FFEBFB490C93FAB3F82B" author="Ritter" box="[1171,1316,1939,1963]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" refString="Ritter, W. E. (1901) The ascidians. In: Papers from Harriman Alaska expedition. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Science, 3, 225 - 266." type="journal article" year="1901">Ritter (1901)</bibRefCitation>
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especially mentions unusually transparent test through which the zooids are seen very clearly.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD808CBEC56FFEBFB820CB8FAB4F84F" box="[1112,1315,1975,1999]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1945) The North and South American ascidians. Bulletin of American Natural History, 84, 1 - 476." type="journal article">Van Name (1945)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also mentioned great transparence of the test. Zooids, according to Ritter's (1901) description are similar to those of the present species, although the thoraces are slightly wider, he counted 18–20 stigmata in each half row. Material identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C490EB9EC51FFECFEF60BBCFE76FF54" box="[300,481,188,212]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="translucidum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DA928EC51FFECFEF60BBCFE76FF54" box="[300,481,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">A. translucidum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD808CBEC51FFECFDCA0BBCFD4FFF54" author="Sanamyan" box="[528,728,188,212]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" refString="Sanamyan, K. (1998) Ascidians from the North-Western Pacific region. 4. Polyclinidae and Placentelidae. Ophelia, 48 (2), 103 - 135." type="journal article" year="1998">Sanamyan (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is a mixture of several species and certainly contains at least several specimens of the present species, although the larva on his figure 7E differs distinctly from larvae of the present species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3625B2EC51FFECFF4D0CB8FDBCF86D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208012/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" targetBox="[173,1416,337,1941]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6753AEC51FFECFF4D0CB8FDBCF86D" blockId="4.[151,1435,1976,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DA928EC51FFECFF4D0CB8FE9BF84E" bold="true" box="[151,268,1976,1999]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C490EB9EC51FFECFEC30CB9FE77F84F" box="[281,480,1977,1999]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dissectum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DA928EC51FFECFEC30CB9FE77F84F" box="[281,480,1977,1999]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Aplidium dissectum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DA928EC51FFECFE3C0CB9FD88F84E" bold="true" box="[486,543,1977,1998]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E1453EC51FFECFE3C0CB9FD88F84E" box="[486,543,1977,1998]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A, lava (holotype); B, colony, preserved (holotype); C, D, colony underwater (2006-07- 25-04 and 2006-07-25-01 respectively).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6753AEC50FFEDFF1F0B98FC26FEBF" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C490EB9EC50FFEDFF1F0B98FDCFFF2F" authority="Redikorzev, 1937" authorityName="Redikorzev" authorityYear="1937" box="[197,600,151,176]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="strandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DA928EC50FFEDFF1F0B98FE11FF30" box="[197,390,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Aplidium strandi</emphasis>
|
||
Redikorzev, 1937
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was regarded as a probable synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C490EB9EC50FFEDFBE60B98FB65FF30" box="[1084,1266,152,176]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="translucidum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DA928EC50FFEDFBE60B98FB65FF30" box="[1084,1266,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">A. translucidum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD808CBEC50FFEDFAF90B98FF72FF54" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1945) The North and South American ascidians. Bulletin of American Natural History, 84, 1 - 476." type="journal article">Van Name (1945)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. This species is known from only one inverted cone shaped cormidium collected at the north of the Sea of Okhotsk. The zooid has triffid atrial languet and numerous stomach folds, but only seven rows of stigmata. Although it is hard to identify the species based on a single cormidium and without larvae we do not think
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C490EB9EC50FFEDFA5E0A04FF71FEC0" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="strandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DA928EC50FFEDFA5E0A04FF71FEC0" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">A. strandi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C490EB9EC50FFEDFE1C0A28FDEEFEC0" box="[454,633,296,320]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="translucidum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DA928EC50FFEDFE1C0A28FDEEFEC0" box="[454,633,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">A. translucidum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or with the present species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6753AEC50FFEDFF1F0A4CFAFEFD97" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Several species having numerous stomach folds and relatively few rows of stigmata were described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD808CBEC50FFEDFA8B0A4CFEACFE07" author="Beniaminson" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" refString="Beniaminson, T. S. (1974) Ascidians (Ascidiacea) from the intertidal zone of the Kurile Islands. In: Flora and Fauna of the intertidal zone of the Kurile Islands, pp. 318 - 331. Novosibirsk. (In Russian)." type="book chapter" year="1974">Beniaminson (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from Kurile Islands.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C490EB9EC50FFEDFDF10A70FC96FE08" box="[555,769,368,392]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DA928EC50FFEDFDF10A70FC96FE08" box="[555,769,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Aplidium oculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is valid species (see above). It differs from the present species by the shape of systems and the presence of white spots along the endostyle.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C490EB9EC50FFEDFB4C0A94FE14FE4F" authority="Beniaminson, 1974" authorityName="Beniaminson" authorityYear="1974" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuicaudum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DA928EC50FFEDFB4C0A94FA0BFE2C" box="[1174,1436,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Aplidium tenuicaudum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD808CBEC50FFEDFF440AB7FEECFE4F" author="Beniaminson" box="[158,379,439,463]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" refString="Beniaminson, T. S. (1974) Ascidians (Ascidiacea) from the intertidal zone of the Kurile Islands. In: Flora and Fauna of the intertidal zone of the Kurile Islands, pp. 318 - 331. Novosibirsk. (In Russian)." type="book chapter" year="1974">Beniaminson, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has different larva with about 50 small epidermal vesicles dorsally and ventrally on each side (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD808CBEC50FFEDFF0A0ADCFE02FE74" author="Sanamyan" box="[208,405,476,500]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" refString="Sanamyan, K. (1998) Ascidians from the North-Western Pacific region. 4. Polyclinidae and Placentelidae. Ophelia, 48 (2), 103 - 135." type="journal article" year="1998">Sanamyan, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and taxonomic relationship of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C490EB9EC50FFEDFCC30ADCFB35FE74" authority="Beniaminson, 1974" authorityName="Beniaminson" authorityYear="1974" box="[793,1186,476,500]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kurilense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DA928EC50FFEDFCC30ADCFC33FE74" box="[793,932,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">A. kurilense</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD808CBEC50FFEDFC620ADCFB0DFE74" author="Beniaminson" box="[952,1178,476,500]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" refString="Beniaminson, T. S. (1974) Ascidians (Ascidiacea) from the intertidal zone of the Kurile Islands. In: Flora and Fauna of the intertidal zone of the Kurile Islands, pp. 318 - 331. Novosibirsk. (In Russian)." type="book chapter" year="1974">Beniaminson, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C490EB9EC50FFEDFB3E0ADCFE14FD97" authority="Beniaminson, 1974" authorityName="Beniaminson" authorityYear="1974" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vinogradivae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DA928EC50FFEDFB3E0ADCFA0BFE74" box="[1252,1436,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">A. vinogradivae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD808CBEC50FFEDFF440AFFFEECFD97" author="Beniaminson" box="[158,379,511,535]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" refString="Beniaminson, T. S. (1974) Ascidians (Ascidiacea) from the intertidal zone of the Kurile Islands. In: Flora and Fauna of the intertidal zone of the Kurile Islands, pp. 318 - 331. Novosibirsk. (In Russian)." type="book chapter" year="1974">Beniaminson, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is hard to access, both species are based on a single and remarkably featureless colonies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35326B1EC50FFEDFF1F0924FE9EFD6F" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6753AEC50FFEDFF1F0924FE9EFD6F" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C490EB9EC50FFEDFF1F0924FDF4FDBC" authority="Sanamyan, 2000" authorityName="Sanamyan" authorityYear="2000" box="[197,611,548,572]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="confusum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DA928EC50FFEDFF1F0924FE08FDBC" box="[197,415,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Aplidium confusum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD808CBEC50FFEDFE7D0924FDF4FDBC" author="Sanamyan" box="[423,611,548,572]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" refString="Sanamyan, K. (2000) Three related Aplidium species from the Southern Kurile Islands (Ascidiacea: Polyclinidae). Zoosystematica Rossica, 8 (2), 1999, 211 - 216." type="journal article" year="2000">Sanamyan, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
known from several lots of specimens collected in the intertidal zone of South Kurile Islands has very similar zooids and similar, although somewhat smaller, larva. The shape of system in this species is not known and not possible to access from the existing material, but zooids with constantly simple atrial languet suggest that the systems possibly differ from those of the present species. We reexamined available material and confirm that atrial languet is always simple in specimens from South Kurile Islands assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C490EB9EC50FFEDFA5E09B4FE95FD70" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="confusum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DA928EC50FFEDFA5E09B4FE95FD70" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">A. confusum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |