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<document id="D9C79036371B724463A434E013AD69CD" ID-CLB-Dataset="298446" ID-DOI="10.56042/ijms.v51i06.41287" ID-GBIF-Dataset="494d73d6-9e25-4459-bed4-d421b5c0b8f8" ID-ISSN="2582-6727" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11622000" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="operationResults" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1718209422345" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Ramachandran, S, Kumar, T T Ajith, Purushothaman, P, Lal, K K, Varghese, S P, Unnikrishnan, N, Ayoob, A E &amp; Ramalingam, L" docDate="2022" docId="03E07D47D539FFEBB595FC71FAD1FCA3" docLanguage="en" docName="IndianJGeoMarScie.51.06.565-572.pdf" docOrigin="Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences 51 (6)" docSource="https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/46333c7a-a9d5-3290-8a0d-ec8f6191bf36/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:7219E6AB952790EDDABA71E2B40E19C1.1:IndianJGeoMarScie.2022-.journal_article" docStyleId="7219E6AB952790EDDABA71E2B40E19C1" docStyleName="IndianJGeoMarScie.2022-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Sphoeroides Anonymous" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="567" masterDocId="FFD9053FD53BFFE9B535FD6BFFCAFF8D" masterDocTitle="New record of blunthead pufferfish, Sphoeroides pachygaster (Muller &amp; Troschel, 1848) (Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae) from Indian water along with DNA barcode and some biological aspects" masterLastPageNumber="572" masterPageNumber="565" pageNumber="567" updateTime="1718291292632" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0">
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<mods:title id="62DF5303FBEA347C3134F7C46D84BC57">New record of blunthead pufferfish, Sphoeroides pachygaster (Muller &amp; Troschel, 1848) (Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae) from Indian water along with DNA barcode and some biological aspects</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0D8E554472DBC0BC438127F1E0C84545">Ramachandran, S</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E199FF2B530FF9BE157C85AD642D0E64">Fishery Survey of India, Kochangadi, Kochi, Kerala - 682 005, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AFF4657AC2646E618DE2EF2FD6D6030C">Kumar, T T Ajith</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7C7F040825A08CCFACA044DB56F1DEAD">ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P. O. Dilkusha, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh - 226 002, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="07150558311459D62F462D04D4EAB0D8">Purushothaman, P</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="46D9CDCB8E2EE4111FB77EB8EE43D4FF">ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P. O. Dilkusha, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh - 226 002, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="335A0B375E614DBF4958635FD0117479">Lal, K K</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6B97CFBBFE8BA722678B84C805AB0D5A">ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P. O. Dilkusha, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh - 226 002, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FA2D64C966EDCD415353B1B061D7E4B1">Varghese, S P</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="667DE178F7BBADE612587832E839D298">Fishery Survey of India, Kochangadi, Kochi, Kerala - 682 005, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="028BDDF8F582FEABAC3E9B8E9EF7AA90">Unnikrishnan, N</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="33C7851E3145C6B88D6B85D5167FFF77">Fishery Survey of India, Kochangadi, Kochi, Kerala - 682 005, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="470DD70DEDAF8DDCD88D48D6FE56DC65">Ayoob, A E</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="769A7F677F6536A44F9F303E23067610">Fishery Survey of India, Kochangadi, Kochi, Kerala - 682 005, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3ADB8C4144925A6A152AA1937242F33B">Ramalingam, L</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9705C63661CF93F306104FF230B5DF0B">Fishery Survey of India, New Fishing Harbour, Sassoon Dock, Colaba, Mumbai, Maharashtra - 400 005, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="006E223B8EA0F77B3296933CF7C442C7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="3F21CC16567692B9CE30571DF4719D44">Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="BE86FEDFEDF2A27317F9FCD25A4B03F6">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:url id="74F6C5BD7461AFE4FD76FDBF6C034244">https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/46333c7a-a9d5-3290-8a0d-ec8f6191bf36/</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="8E0506E4AB32C9ABFFB4CD267CD10A11" type="CLB-Dataset">298446</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6C9251BA0859B4C74EC4A5E940E23AE6" type="DOI">10.56042/ijms.v51i06.41287</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="98FA4C5765A49A70B2075D19417B4358" type="GBIF-Dataset">494d73d6-9e25-4459-bed4-d421b5c0b8f8</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E07D47D539FFEBB595FC71FAD1FCA3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11638221" ID-GBIF-Taxon="232747038" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11638221" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E07D47D539FFEBB595FC71FAD1FCA3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E07D47D539FFEBB595FC71FAD1FCA3" lastPageNumber="567" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">
<heading id="D0BE7B3DD539FFEBB595FC71FF2EFEFA" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" reason="2">
<subSubSection id="C3539FDAD539FFEBB595FC71FD3DFEB9" box="[160,759,281,308]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF6CC51D539FFEBB595FC71FD3DFEB9" blockId="2.[160,800,281,375]" box="[160,759,281,308]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">
Genus:
<taxonomicName id="4C49B7D2D539FFEBB5CFFC71FDE8FEB9" ID-CoL="7KWL" authority="[Lacepède], 1798" authorityName="Anonymous" box="[250,546,282,308]" family="Tetraodontidae" genus="Sphoeroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93D1043D539FFEBB5CFFC71FE41FEB9" box="[250,395,282,308]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Sphoeroides</emphasis>
Anonymous
</taxonomicName>
[Lacepède], 1798
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3539FDAD539FFEBB595FC50FDE9FC6B" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF6CC51D539FFEBB595FC50FF2EFEFA" blockId="2.[160,800,281,375]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">
Species:
<taxonomicName id="4C49B7D2D539FFEBB43DFC50FF2EFEFA" authority="(Muller &amp; Troschel, 1848)" baseAuthorityName="Muller &amp; Troschel" baseAuthorityYear="1848" family="Tetraodontidae" genus="Sphoeroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachygaster">
<emphasis id="B93D1043D539FFEBB43DFC50FDE6FED8" box="[264,556,315,341]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Sphoeroides pachygaster</emphasis>
(Müller &amp; Troschel, 1848)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF6CC51D539FFEBB595FCF8FEC3FE24" blockId="2.[160,801,403,1640]" box="[160,265,403,425]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">
<emphasis id="B93D1043D539FFEBB595FCF8FEC3FE24" bold="true" box="[160,265,403,425]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Synonyms</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF6CC51D539FFEBB5F5FCDAFD4AFDFE" blockId="2.[160,801,403,1640]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">
<taxonomicName id="4C49B7D2D539FFEBB5F5FCDAFCD1FE47" authority="(Muller &amp; Troschel, 1848)" baseAuthorityName="Muller &amp; Troschel" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[192,795,432,458]" family="Tetraodontidae" genus="Liosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachygaster">
<emphasis id="B93D1043D539FFEBB5F5FCDAFE04FE47" box="[192,462,432,458]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Liosaccus pachygaster</emphasis>
(Müller &amp; Troschel, 1848)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C49B7D2D539FFEBB595FCB9FCD1FE61" authority="Muller &amp; Troschel, 1848" authorityName="Muller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1848" box="[160,795,466,492]" family="Tetraodontidae" genus="Tetrodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachygaster">
<emphasis id="B93D1043D539FFEBB595FCB9FE7BFE61" box="[160,433,466,492]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Tetrodon pachygaster</emphasis>
Müller &amp; Troschel, 1848
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C49B7D2D539FFEBB595FC98FDA4FD83" authority="Gunther, 1870" authorityName="Gunther. USNM" authorityYear="1870" box="[160,622,499,526]" family="Tetraodontidae" genus="Tetrodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cutaneus">
<emphasis id="B93D1043D539FFEBB595FC98FE5AFD80" box="[160,400,499,525]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Tetrodon cutaneus</emphasis>
Günther, 1870
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C49B7D2D539FFEBB7BAFC98FE3AFDA2" authority="(Gunther, 1870)" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1870" family="Tetraodontidae" genus="Sphaeroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cutaneous">
<emphasis id="B93D1043D539FFEBB7BAFC98FEDDFDA2" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Sphaeroides cutaneous</emphasis>
(Günther, 1870)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C49B7D2D539FFEBB731FF7EFEF5FDDC" authority="von Bonde, 1923" authorityName="von Bonde" authorityYear="1923" family="Tetraodontidae" genus="Spheroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dubius">
<emphasis id="B93D1043D539FFEBB731FF7EFD2EFDA2" box="[516,740,533,559]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Spheroides dubius</emphasis>
von Bonde, 1923
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C49B7D2D539FFEBB464FF53FCD1FDDC" authority="Whitley, 1928" authorityName="Whitley" authorityYear="1928" box="[337,795,567,593]" family="Tetraodontidae" genus="Liosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aerobaticus">
<emphasis id="B93D1043D539FFEBB464FF53FD94FDDC" box="[337,606,567,593]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Liosaccus aerobaticus</emphasis>
Whitley, 1928
</taxonomicName>
; and
<taxonomicName id="4C49B7D2D539FFEBB5E7FF32FDB1FDFE" authority="Fowler, 1948" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1948" box="[210,635,601,627]" family="Tetraodontidae" genus="Thecapteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lioderma">
<emphasis id="B93D1043D539FFEBB5E7FF32FE1EFDFE" box="[210,468,601,627]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Thecapteryx lioderma</emphasis>
Fowler, 1948
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF6CC51D539FFEBB5F5FF11FD64FD77" blockId="2.[160,801,403,1640]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">
<emphasis id="B93D1043D539FFEBB5F5FF11FE67FD19" box="[192,429,634,660]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Material examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B21C60CD539FFEBB48FFF10FD60FD77" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4876534301" collectingDate="2019-03" country="India" elevation="287" latitude="8.733334" location="Arabian Sea" longLatPrecision="1300" longitude="76.066666" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
FSIKM-TSp-1,223,
<specimenCount id="9D4F07D8D539FFEBB79BFF10FCEAFD19" box="[686,800,634,661]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" type="female">1 Female</specimenCount>
(SL
<quantity id="4CB161B4D539FFEBB5EFFFF7FE8CFD3A" box="[218,326,668,695]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.89" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" unit="mm" value="189.0">189 mm</quantity>
),
<location id="8E969A8AD539FFEBB455FFF7FE30FD3B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E07D47D539FFEBB595FC71FAD1FCA3:8E969A8AD539FFEBB455FFF7FE30FD3B" box="[352,506,668,694]" country="India" latitude="8.733334" longLatPrecision="1300" longitude="76.066666" name="Arabian Sea" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" stateProvince="Kerala">Arabian Sea</location>
, off
<collectingRegion id="498D02B3D539FFEBB708FFF7FD44FD3B" box="[573,654,668,694]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Kerala</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35E8CC1D539FFEBB795FFF7FD15FD3B" box="[672,735,668,694]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">India</collectingCountry>
, Lat.
<geoCoordinate id="EE7DAA96D539FFEBB595FFD5FEC2FD54" box="[160,264,702,729]" degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" precision="925" value="8.683333">8°41’ N</geoCoordinate>
, Long.
<geoCoordinate id="EE7DAA96D539FFEBB45BFFD5FE14FD54" box="[366,478,702,729]" degrees="76" direction="east" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" precision="925" value="76.1">76°06’ E</geoCoordinate>
and Lat. 8°44’ N, Long. 76°04’ E at
<elevation id="00642B62D539FFEBB418FF8BFDC6FD77" box="[301,524,736,762]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8649999999999998" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.63" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" unit="m" value="286.5" valueMax="310.0" valueMin="263.0">
<quantity id="4CB161B4D539FFEBB418FF8BFE0BFD77" box="[301,449,736,762]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8649999999999998" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.63" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" unit="m" value="286.5" valueMax="310.0" valueMin="263.0">263 – 310 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
,
<date id="FFF7EA91D539FFEBB72DFF8BFD60FD77" box="[536,682,736,762]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" value="2019-03">
<collectingDate id="EFB31379D539FFEBB72DFF8BFD60FD77" box="[536,682,736,762]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" value="2019-03">March 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF6CC51D539FFEBB5F5FE6AFDE9FC6B" blockId="2.[160,801,403,1640]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">
<emphasis id="B93D1043D539FFEBB5F5FE6AFEFCFC96" box="[192,310,769,795]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">
<typeStatus id="54F272F3D539FFEBB5F5FE6AFEE5FC96" box="[192,303,769,795]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C49B7D2D539FFEBB474FE6AFD60FC96" authority="(Ranzani) ANSP" authorityName="ANSP" baseAuthorityName="Ranzani" box="[321,682,769,796]" family="Tetraodontidae" genus="Sphoeroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93D1043D539FFEBB474FE6AFE18FC96" box="[321,466,769,795]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Sphoeroides</emphasis>
(Ranzani) ANSP
</taxonomicName>
109468, 2 nos,
<quantity id="4CB161B4D539FFEBB5E8FE48FE50FCB3" box="[221,410,803,830]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.355" metricValueMax="1.3699999999999999" metricValueMin="1.34" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" unit="mm" value="135.5" valueMax="137.0" valueMin="134.0">134 – 137 mm</quantity>
, Florida,
<collectionCode id="ED585494D539FFEBB720FE48FDABFCB0" box="[533,609,803,829]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">ANSP</collectionCode>
101322 – 1 no,
<quantity id="4CB161B4D539FFEBB595FE2EFED9FCD2" box="[160,275,837,863]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.059999999999999" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" unit="mm" value="80.6">80.6 mm</quantity>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35E8CC1D539FFEBB41DFE2EFE4EFCD2" box="[296,388,837,863]" name="Nigeria" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
;
<collectionCode id="ED585494D539FFEBB4ADFE2EFE2CFCD2" box="[408,486,837,863]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">ANSP</collectionCode>
10478, 11 nos,
<quantity id="4CB161B4D539FFEBB785FE2EFCD1FCD2" box="[688,795,837,863]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.17" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" unit="mm" value="117.0">117 mm</quantity>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35E8CC1D539FFEBB595FE0CFEF5FC0C" box="[160,319,871,897]" name="Mozambique" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
.
<collectionCode id="ED585494D539FFEBB47BFE0CFE6DFC0C" box="[334,423,871,897]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">MNHN</collectionCode>
8340 (1, 208), Cape of Good Hope;
<typeStatus id="54F272F3D539FFEBB5C0FEE3FE91FC2F" box="[245,347,904,930]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C49B7D2D539FFEBB4BAFEE3FD57FC2F" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1829" box="[399,669,904,930]" family="Tetraodontidae" genus="Tetraodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laevissimus">
<emphasis id="B93D1043D539FFEBB4BAFEE3FD57FC2F" box="[399,669,904,930]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Tetraodon laevissimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of Cuvier and
<taxonomicName id="4C49B7D2D539FFEBB5E0FEC1FF32FC6B" authority="(Bibron) Troschel and BMNH" authorityName="Troschel and BMNH" baseAuthorityName="Bibron" family="Tetraodontidae" genus="Stenometopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laevissimus">
<emphasis id="B93D1043D539FFEBB5E0FEC1FDC0FC49" box="[213,522,938,964]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Stenometopus laevissimus</emphasis>
(Bibron) Troschel and BMNH
</taxonomicName>
(2, 183-188),
<collectingCountry id="F35E8CC1D539FFEBB494FEA7FDD5FC6B" box="[417,543,972,998]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">St. Helena</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</heading>
<subSubSection id="C3539FDAD539FFEBB5F5FE85FDB6F9E5" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF6CC51D539FFEBB5F5FE85FDB7FBC6" blockId="2.[160,801,403,1640]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">
<materialsCitation id="3B21C60CD539FFEBB5F5FE85FDB3FBC6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4876534302" collectionCode="USNM, ANSP" country="Philippines" county="Oahu" location="Corregidor" municipality="Hawaiian Islands" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" specimenCode="USNM 168467, ANSP 75576" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
<emphasis id="B93D1043D539FFEBB5F5FE85FEEFFB85" box="[192,293,1006,1032]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">
<typeStatus id="54F272F3D539FFEBB5F5FE85FED4FB85" box="[192,286,1006,1032]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C49B7D2D539FFEBB475FE86FCEAFB85" authority="Gunther. USNM" authorityName="Gunther. USNM" authorityYear="1870" box="[320,800,1005,1032]" family="Tetraodontidae" genus="Tetrodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cutaneus">
<emphasis id="B93D1043D539FFEBB475FE86FDE4FB8A" box="[320,558,1005,1031]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Tetrodon cutaneus</emphasis>
Gunther.
<specimenCode id="DBEF642AD539FFEBB7FEFE85FF32FBA4" collectionCode="USNM" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">USNM 168467</specimenCode>
</taxonomicName>
(1, 82)
<location id="8E969A8AD539FFEBB468F964FE2BFBA4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E07D47D539FFEBB595FC71FAD1FCA3:8E969A8AD539FFEBB468F964FE2BFBA4" box="[349,481,1039,1065]" country="Philippines" county="Oahu" municipality="Hawaiian Islands" name="Corregidor" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Corregidor</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35E8CC1D539FFEBB4DAF964FD0DFBA4" box="[495,711,1039,1065]" name="Philippines" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Philippine islands</collectingCountry>
.
<specimenCode id="DBEF642AD539FFEBB7E0F964FF23FBC1" collectionCode="ANSP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">ANSP 75576</specimenCode>
(1, 185),
<collectingMunicipality id="6B92562BD539FFEBB469F95AFDE0FBC6" box="[348,554,1073,1099]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Hawaiian Islands</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="6297B4DDD539FFEBB703F95AFDB3FBC6" box="[566,633,1073,1099]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Oahu</collectingCounty>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF6CC51D539FFEBB5F5F938FE05FAB5" blockId="2.[160,801,403,1640]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">
The first diagnostic description of this species was made by Muller and Troschel, however, specimen was missing. Considering the characters available in the record, Shipp
<bibRefCitation id="EFD8B1A0D539FFEBB4BEF9D9FE5EFB4E" author="Shipp R L" box="[395,404,1202,1219]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref4389" refString="1 Shipp R L, The pufferfishes (Tetraodontidae) of the Atlantic Ocean, Pub Gulf Coast Res Lab Museum, 4 (1974) 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1974">
<superScript id="7C3C6119D539FFEBB4BEF9D9FE5EFB4E" attach="left" box="[395,404,1202,1219]" fontSize="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">1</superScript>
</bibRefCitation>
reported detailed review by analysing
<specimenCount id="9D4F07D8D539FFEBB42BF9B2FE08FB79" box="[286,450,1241,1268]" count="51" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" type="generic">51 specimens</specimenCount>
from various museums and synonymised 36 species into single conspecific
<taxonomicName id="4C49B7D2D539FFEBB595F876FE0DFABA" baseAuthorityName="Muller &amp; Troschel" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[160,455,1309,1335]" family="Tetraodontidae" genus="Sphoeroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachygaster">
<emphasis id="B93D1043D539FFEBB595F876FE0DFABA" box="[160,455,1309,1335]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Sphoeroides pachygaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF6CC51D539FFEBB5F5F82BFDB6F9E5" blockId="2.[160,801,403,1640]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">
<emphasis id="B93D1043D539FFEBB5F5F82BFEB8FAD4" box="[192,370,1343,1369]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Type localities:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C49B7D2D539FFEBB44CF854FDD4FAF7" authority="Muller and Trochel 1848 a: 677" authorityName="Muller and Trochel" authorityPageNumber="677" authorityYear="1848" family="Tetraodontidae" genus="Tetrodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachygaster" subGenus="Cheilichthys">
<emphasis id="B93D1043D539FFEBB44CF854FCEAFAD4" box="[377,800,1343,1369]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Tetrodon (Cheilichthys) pachygaster</emphasis>
Muller and Trochel 1848a: 677
</taxonomicName>
(original description,
<collectingCountry id="F35E8CC1D539FFEBB595F8E9FED8FA10" box="[160,274,1410,1437]" name="Barbados" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Barbados</collectingCountry>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C49B7D2D539FFEBB41CF8E9FE7DFA11" box="[297,439,1410,1436]" family="Tetraodontidae" genus="Sphoeroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93D1043D539FFEBB41CF8E9FE7DFA11" box="[297,439,1410,1436]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Sphoeroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(also
<taxonomicName id="4C49B7D2D539FFEBB731F8E9FCDCFA11" authority=", Spheroids" authorityName="Spheroids" box="[516,790,1410,1436]" family="Tetraodontidae" genus="Sphaeroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93D1043D539FFEBB731F8E9FCDCFA11" box="[516,790,1410,1436]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Sphaeroides, Spheroids</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
<emphasis id="B93D1043D539FFEBB595F8CFFEFDFA33" box="[160,311,1444,1470]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">
<taxonomicName id="4C49B7D2D539FFEBB595F8CFFEF9FA33" authorityName="Muller and Trochel" authorityYear="1848" box="[160,307,1444,1470]" family="Tetraodontidae" genus="Tetrodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachygaster">Pachygaster</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F35E8CC1D539FFEBB40BF8CFFE41FA33" box="[318,395,1444,1470]" name="Jordan" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Jordan</collectingCountry>
1886b: 605
<taxonomicName id="4C49B7D2D539FFEBB729F8CFFCD2FA33" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[540,792,1444,1470]" family="Tetraodontidae" genus="Sphaeroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cutaneus">
<emphasis id="B93D1043D539FFEBB729F8CFFCD2FA33" box="[540,792,1444,1470]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Sphaeroides cutaneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Smith, 1953, Sea Fishes of Southern Africa: 417 pI. 95, fig. 1190;
<taxonomicName id="4C49B7D2D539FFEBB41DF88CFDDDF98C" authorityName="Günther" authorityYear="1870" box="[296,535,1511,1537]" family="Tetraodontidae" genus="Tetrodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cutaneous">
<emphasis id="B93D1043D539FFEBB41DF88CFDDDF98C" box="[296,535,1511,1537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Tetrodon cutaneous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Gunther, 1870, 287 (
<typeStatus id="54F272F3D539FFEBB59DFB62FF11F9AE" box="[168,219,1545,1571]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">type</typeStatus>
locality:
<collectingCountry id="F35E8CC1D539FFEBB46FFB62FE14F9AE" box="[346,478,1545,1571]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">St. Helena</collectingCountry>
, Azores); and
<taxonomicName id="4C49B7D2D539FFEBB795FB62FF26F9C8" authorityName="von Bonde" authorityYear="1923" family="Tetraodontidae" genus="Spheroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dubius">
<emphasis id="B93D1043D539FFEBB795FB62FF26F9C8" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Spheroides dubius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Von Bonde, 1923, 40, pl. 2, fig. 3 (
<typeStatus id="54F272F3D539FFEBB7D8FB40FCEAF9C8" box="[749,800,1579,1605]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">type</typeStatus>
locality: off Natal,
<collectingCountry id="F35E8CC1D539FFEBB44FFB26FDDAF9EA" box="[378,528,1613,1639]" name="South Africa" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, 27 fms).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3539FDAD539FFEBB595FB12FAD1FCA3" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF6CC51D539FFEBB595FB12FEDDF902" blockId="2.[160,800,1657,1982]" box="[160,279,1657,1679]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">
<emphasis id="B93D1043D539FFEBB595FB12FEDDF902" bold="true" box="[160,279,1657,1679]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF6CC51D539FFEBB5F5FBFDFB37FDE9" blockId="2.[160,800,1657,1982]" lastBlockId="2.[848,1489,282,814]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">
Inflatable body with rounded snout, nostrils was easily visible with the naked eye (
<figureCitation id="1372D0D4D539FFEBB752FBD3FD7FF95F" box="[615,693,1720,1746]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[160,195,1934,1956]" captionTargetBox="[164,800,1616,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-739@1.[164,803,1616,1904]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1 — Sphoeroides pachygaster (Müller &amp; Troschel, 1848) 223 mm TL" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11622002" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11622002/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
); dorsal surface smooth and without a distinct keel from posterior to eyes. Body entirely smooth and prickles totally lacking, which differentiated
<taxonomicName id="4C49B7D2D539FFEBB75EFA75FCD5F8BA" authorityName="Muller and Trochel" authorityYear="1848" box="[619,799,1821,1848]" family="Tetraodontidae" genus="Tetrodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachygaster">
<emphasis id="B93D1043D539FFEBB75EFA75FCD5F8BA" box="[619,799,1821,1848]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">S. pachygaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from other species of the genus
<emphasis id="B93D1043D539FFEBB706FA54FD01F8D4" box="[563,715,1855,1881]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">
<taxonomicName id="4C49B7D2D539FFEBB706FA54FD02F8D4" box="[563,712,1855,1881]" family="Tetraodontidae" genus="Sphaeroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sphaeroides</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Bands and blotches of spots are present on the body. Interorbital broad and as long as 13 % of SL; pigmentation uniform (
<figureCitation id="1372D0D4D539FFEBB4F1FACFFDDBF833" box="[452,529,1956,1982]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[160,195,1934,1956]" captionTargetBox="[164,800,1616,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-739@1.[164,803,1616,1904]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1 — Sphoeroides pachygaster (Müller &amp; Troschel, 1848) 223 mm TL" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11622002" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11622002/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
), big head and skin without scales. Four large teeth form a beaklike structure with thin lips. Eyes big and oval in shape, vertical and horizontal length almost equal; chin prominent; nasal organ short, papilla erected and nasal pores not equal. Dorsal fin small and situated just above the anal fin with almost same size and shape. Caudal fin slightly concave with white shade on the lower portion. Pelvic fin absent. Dorsal rays 8; anal rays 8; pectoral rays 15 (i,14); caudal fin rays 11(i, 9, i); and vertebrae 19 (9 + 10).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF6CC51D539FFEBB645FF00FBF4FD44" blockId="2.[848,1489,282,814]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">
<emphasis id="B93D1043D539FFEBB645FF00FBC0FD08" box="[880,1034,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">Colouration:</emphasis>
Belly white and rough, pectoral fin base black, margin of the pectoral fin white, the ventral side whitish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF6CC51D539FFEBB645FFBAFAD1FCA3" blockId="2.[848,1489,282,814]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">
<emphasis id="B93D1043D539FFEBB645FFBAFB8BFD67" box="[880,1089,721,747]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">DNA sequences:</emphasis>
540 bp of 16S rRNA gene sequences of
<taxonomicName id="4C49B7D2D539FFEBB13EFF99FB0FFC81" authorityName="Muller and Trochel" authorityYear="1848" box="[1035,1221,754,780]" family="Tetraodontidae" genus="Tetrodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachygaster">
<emphasis id="B93D1043D539FFEBB13EFF99FB0FFC81" box="[1035,1221,754,780]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">S. pachygaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was generated and submitted to DNA data Bank of
<collectionCode id="ED585494D539FFEBB1F8FE7FFADDFCA3" box="[1229,1303,788,814]" pageId="2" pageNumber="567">NCBI</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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