treatments-xml/data/03/C9/88/03C9885D8F37FFEEFF25FE044A2923E1.xml

<document id="29DFB7AABADD803ABA67CF5E65AD330A" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3716.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9a8c1b4f-0173-482f-8eb1-ff7e106549a6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="249295" ID-ZooBank="71B98313-E0FC-427D-A06F-6917B64A64F8" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460682002081" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Costa, Henrique Caldeira, Moura, Mário Ribeiro &amp; Feio, Renato Neves" docDate="2013" docId="03C9885D8F37FFEEFF25FE044A2923E1" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03716p394.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3716 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Drymoluber dichrous Peters 1863" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="374" masterDocId="FFF0F0258F38FFF7FFB2FF8249382621" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of Drymoluber Amaral, 1930 (Serpentes: Colubridae)" masterLastPageNumber="394" masterPageNumber="349" pageNumber="364" updateTime="1698350544934" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="E1BA9DAD228FF0B80720BDD2C1FA00B9">Taxonomic revision of Drymoluber Amaral, 1930 (Serpentes: Colubridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="32EBC717A131A9E4E035CB4447065A36">Costa, Henrique Caldeira</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03C9885D8F37FFEEFF25FE044A2923E1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6154461" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119580326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6154461" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C9885D8F37FFEEFF25FE044A2923E1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C9885D8F37FFEEFF25FE044A2923E1" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="374" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
<subSubSection id="C37A6AC08F37FFF8FF25FE044B992423" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F37FFF8FF25FE044B752781" blockId="15.[151,589,390,416]" box="[151,589,390,416]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
<heading id="D0978E278F37FFF8FF25FE044B752781" bold="true" box="[151,589,390,416]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F37FFF8FF25FE044B752781" authority="Peters, 1863" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1863" box="[151,589,390,416]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichrous">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F37FFF8FF25FE044B752781" bold="true" box="[151,589,390,416]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F37FFF8FF25FE0448A32781" bold="true" box="[151,411,390,416]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Drymoluber dichrous</emphasis>
(Peters, 1863)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F37FFF8FF25FE4F4B992423" blockId="15.[151,1436,461,759]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F37FFF8FF25FE4F4B2827C2" authority="Peters, 1863" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1863" box="[151,528,461,483]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Herpetodryas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichroa">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F37FFF8FF25FE4F484427C2" box="[151,380,461,483]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Herpetodryas dichroa</emphasis>
Peters, 1863
</taxonomicName>
. Monatsberichte der königlich Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 29, p. 284. 
<typeStatus id="54DB87E98F37FFF8FF75FE6E48102423" box="[199,296,492,514]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
: ZMB 1661, ZMB 1662, ZMB 2603.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A6AC08F37FFE7FF25FD884D572534" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="365" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F37FFF8FF25FD884B7B241E" blockId="15.[151,1436,461,759]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F37FFF8FF25FD884B172401" authority="Gunther, 1868" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,559,522,544]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Herpetodryas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occipitalis">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F37FFF8FF25FD8848AA2401" box="[151,402,522,544]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Herpetodryas occipitalis</emphasis>
Günther, 1868
</taxonomicName>
. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Fourth Series, 1, p. 420. 
<typeStatus id="54DB87E98F37FFF8FB51FD884C7D2401" box="[1251,1349,522,544]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: BMNH 1946.1.14.61, formerly 1867.9.17.28.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F37FFF8FF25FDCA4839245D" blockId="15.[151,1436,461,759]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F37FFF8FF25FDCA4893247F" authority="Cope, 1868" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,427,584,606]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Spilotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="piceus">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F37FFF8FF25FDCA4816247F" box="[151,302,584,606]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Spilotes piceus</emphasis>
Cope, 1868
</taxonomicName>
. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 20, p. 105–106. 
<typeStatus id="54DB87E98F37FFF8FB5DFDCA4C69247F" box="[1263,1361,584,606]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: ANSP 3920.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F37FFF8FF25FD074B9D249B" blockId="15.[151,1436,461,759]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F37FFF8FF25FD07485924BA" box="[151,353,645,667]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F37FFF8FF25FD0749D224BA" box="[151,234,645,667]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coluber</taxonomicName>
dichrous—
</emphasis>
Boulenger, 1894. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume II. British Museum of Natural History, London, p. 30–31.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F37FFF8FF25FD404AB124F9" blockId="15.[151,1436,461,759]" box="[151,905,706,728]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F37FFF8FF25FD40486B24F9" box="[151,339,706,728]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F37FFF8FF25FD4049E724F9" box="[151,223,706,728]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Elaphe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Elaphe</taxonomicName>
dichrous—
</emphasis>
Gomes, 1918. Memórias do Instituto Butantan, 1, p. 67.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F37FFF8FF25FD634AF624D6" blockId="15.[151,1436,461,759]" box="[151,974,737,759]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F37FFF8FF25FD6348BF24D6" box="[151,391,737,759]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F37FFF8FF25FD63482B24D6" box="[151,275,737,759]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Drymoluber</taxonomicName>
dichrous—
</emphasis>
Amaral, 1930. Memórias do Instituto Butantan, 4, p. 337.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F37FFF8FF25FCA64D8925D1" blockId="15.[151,1436,804,2017]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
<typeStatus id="54DB87E98F37FFF8FF25FCA64835251C" box="[151,269,804,829]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" type="lectotype">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F37FFF8FF25FCA64835251C" bold="true" box="[151,269,804,829]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Lectotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
(here designated in accordance with Article 74 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature): 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F37FFF8FF25FCCB48C32541" box="[151,507,839,864]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Museum für Naturkunde Berlin</emphasis>
ZMB 1661, adult of undetermined sex (probably a male), SVL 
<quantity id="4C9894AE8F37FFF8FB6BFCC54C02257E" box="[1241,1338,839,864]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.85" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" unit="mm" value="585.0">585 mm</quantity>
, TL 
<quantity id="4C9894AE8F37FFF8FAC0FCCA49FD25A5" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.42" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" unit="mm" value="242.0">242 mm</quantity>
, collected in 
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F37FFF8FEEEFCEE489825A4" box="[348,416,876,901]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Brazil</collectingCountry>
during the first half of the 19th century by Georg Wilhelm Freyreiss. Specimen examined by photographs. Although we do not know specifically where specimen ZMB 1661 was collected, the itinerary of its collector is known, and this information leads us to designate it as the 
<typeStatus id="54DB87E98F37FFF8FC54FC364D7725EC" box="[998,1103,948,973]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, instead of the 
<typeStatus id="54DB87E98F37FFF8FAB2FC374C6F25EC" box="[1280,1367,949,973]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
ZMB 2603, which was listed as “probably from 
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F37FFF8FDC3FC554BE725D1" box="[625,735,983,1008]" name="Suriname" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Suriname</collectingCountry>
” or ZMB 1662 which has a broken tail.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F37FFF8FF75FC7E4C3822CC" blockId="15.[151,1436,804,2017]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F37FFF8FF75FC7E48B82234" bold="true" box="[199,384,1020,1045]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
<typeStatus id="54DB87E98F37FFF8FF75FC7E48432234" box="[199,379,1020,1045]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" type="paralectotype">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B914E5598F37FFF8FE38FC7F4BCA2234" box="[394,754,1020,1045]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Museum für Naturkunde Berlin</emphasis>
ZMB 1662, adult of undetermined sex, SVL 
<quantity id="4C9894AE8F37FFF8FABBFC7E4C532235" box="[1289,1387,1020,1045]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.68" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" unit="mm" value="568.0">568 mm</quantity>
, TL 237+N mm (broken tail), collected in 
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F37FFF8FDF7FB9D4BB12219" box="[581,649,1055,1080]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Brazil</collectingCountry>
during the first half of the 19th century by Georg Wilhelm Freyreiss; ZMB 2603, adult of undetermined sex (probably a female), SVL 
<quantity id="4C9894AE8F37FFF8FCDFFBC64AF3227D" box="[877,971,1092,1117]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2299999999999995" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" unit="mm" value="623.0">623 mm</quantity>
, TL 225+N mm (broken tail), supposedly bought in 
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F37FFF8FEB8FBE5484122A1" box="[266,377,1127,1152]" name="Suriname" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Suriname</collectingCountry>
. This same information about the collection site of ZMB 2603 is recorded in the catalogue of the 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F37FFF8FF72FB0F4B262284" box="[192,542,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Museum für Naturkunde Berlin</emphasis>
and on the oldest label of the specimen. However, a newer label (with the name 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F37FFF8FF25FB2D48B222E9" box="[151,394,1199,1224]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichrous">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F37FFF8FF25FB2D48B222E9" box="[151,394,1199,1224]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Drymoluber dichrous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) indicates “ 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F37FFF8FDA4FB2D4BEC22E9" box="[534,724,1199,1224]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F37FFF8FDA4FB2D4B4522E9" box="[534,637,1199,1224]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Brasilien</collectingCountry>
Becker
</emphasis>
”. The reason and source for the adjusted locality is unknown even to the current curator (M. 
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F37FFF8FE5DFB564B3E22CD" box="[495,518,1236,1260]" name="Iceland" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">O</collectingCountry>
. Rödel, pers. com.). We examined the specimens from photographs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F37FFF8FF75FB754DEB23E4" blockId="15.[151,1436,804,2017]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F37FFF8FF75FB7548E62331" bold="true" box="[199,478,1271,1296]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
About the 
<typeStatus id="54DB87E98F37FFF8FEF6FB75484F2331" box="[324,375,1271,1296]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
There is no information about the dates of collection, shipment to Europe or arrival at the 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F37FFF8FF76FA9F4B152314" box="[196,557,1308,1333]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Museum für Naturkunde Berlin</emphasis>
of the 
<typeStatus id="54DB87E98F37FFF8FD34FA9F4B8E2314" box="[646,694,1309,1333]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">type</typeStatus>
series of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F37FFF8FC9CFA9F4A8D2314" box="[814,949,1308,1333]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichrous">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F37FFF8FC9CFA9F4A8D2314" box="[814,949,1308,1333]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">D. dichrous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(M. 
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F37FFF8FC5BFA9E4AC72315" box="[1001,1023,1308,1332]" name="Iceland" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">O</collectingCountry>
. Rödel, pers. com.). Thus, the 
<typeStatus id="54DB87E98F37FFF8FAD9FA9F4CA42314" box="[1387,1436,1309,1333]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">type</typeStatus>
locality of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F37FFF8FEAAFAC348982379" box="[280,416,1343,1368]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichrous">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F37FFF8FEAAFAC348982379" box="[280,416,1343,1368]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">D. dichrous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was reported as “ 
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F37FFF8FDC5FABD4B852379" box="[631,701,1343,1368]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Brazil</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F37FFF8FD4EFABD4A652379" box="[764,861,1343,1368]" name="Suriname" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Surinam</collectingCountry>
” (
<emphasis id="B914E5598F37FFF8FCCEFAC34A9C2379" box="[892,932,1345,1368]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">e.g.</emphasis>
Peters &amp; Orejas-Miranda 1970). Since the 
<typeStatus id="54DB87E98F37FFF8FF25FAE649C6235C" box="[151,254,1380,1405]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
designated above (ZMB 1661) is the new name-bearing 
<typeStatus id="54DB87E98F37FFF8FCCDFAE74A97235C" box="[895,943,1381,1405]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">type</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F37FFF8FC67FAE74D61235C" box="[981,1113,1380,1405]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichrous">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F37FFF8FC67FAE74D61235C" box="[981,1113,1380,1405]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">D. dichrous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, its place of collection is the 
<typeStatus id="54DB87E98F37FFF8FF25FA0B49FF2380" box="[151,199,1417,1441]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">type</typeStatus>
locality. Despite the lack of detailed information as to where the specimen was collected, we consider the 
<typeStatus id="54DB87E98F37FFF8FADEFA0B4CA42380" box="[1388,1436,1417,1441]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">type</typeStatus>
locality to be the area traveled by its collector, G.W. Freyreiss, in 
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F37FFF8FCC0FA2E4A8E23E4" box="[882,950,1452,1477]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(Fig. 13 and text below).
</paragraph>
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Freyreiss was born in Frankfurt on 
<date id="FFDE1F8B8F37FFF8FDE8FA524BC923C9" box="[602,753,1487,1512]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" value="1789-07-12">12 July 1789</date>
. In 1813 he left St. Petersburg bound for 
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F37FFF8FB79FA4D4C2A23C9" box="[1227,1298,1487,1512]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, starting his expeditions in 
<date id="FFDE1F8B8F37FFF8FE8FFA77488D202D" box="[317,437,1524,1548]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" value="1814-06">June 1814</date>
. He departed from the province (currently state) of Rio de Janeiro and travelled south to Minas Gerais, along the 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F37FFF8FE70F9954B852011" box="[450,701,1559,1584]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Caminho do Proença</emphasis>
, a path of the ancient royal road to Vila Rica (currently the municipality of Ouro Preto) (Freyreiss 1907; Papavero 1971) (Fig. 13, localities 1–12). In 
<date id="FFDE1F8B8F37FFF8FB6AF9BE4CA02075" box="[1240,1432,1596,1621]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" value="1814-09">September 1814</date>
, Freyreiss explored the region around the Abaeté, Indaiá and São Francisco Rivers, later returning to Vila Rica (Freyreiss 1907; Papavero 1971) (Fig. 13, localities 
<date id="FFDE1F8B8F37FFF8FD52F9064A6C20BD" box="[736,852,1668,1692]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" value="2012-12-18">12–18–12</date>
). In 
<date id="FFDE1F8B8F37FFF8FC34F9064D0120BD" box="[902,1081,1668,1693]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" value="1814-12">December 1814</date>
he began a second trip to study Indian tribes, travelling from Vila Rica to the vicinities of 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F37FFF8FC94F9254D7120E1" box="[806,1097,1703,1728]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Presídio São João Batista</emphasis>
(currently the municipality of Visconde do Rio Branco) (Fig. 13, localities 12–23). Later he returned to Vila Rica, and then (
<date id="FFDE1F8B8F37FFF8FB1DF94E4C7020C4" box="[1199,1352,1740,1765]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" value="1815-01">January 1815</date>
) to Rio de Janeiro, leaving no records of his path in this part of the voyage (Freyreiss 1907; Papavero 1971). In 
<date id="FFDE1F8B8F37FFF8FA95F96D4CA02129" box="[1319,1432,1775,1800]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" value="1815-07">July 1815</date>
, Maximilian Alexander Philipp, prince of Wied-Neuwied (also known just as Wied) arrived in 
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F37FFF8FB1CF8964DCD210C" box="[1198,1269,1812,1837]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, and in August began a natural history trip together with Freyreiss and Friedrich Sellow (Wied 1989; Papavero 1971). From the city of Rio de Janeiro they headed north to Espírito Santo and Bahia provinces (Wied 1989; Papavero 1971). In 
<date id="FFDE1F8B8F37FFF8FF25F8FD487A21B9" box="[151,322,1919,1944]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" value="1816-02">February 1816</date>
, the naturalists were in the Mucuri River, southern Bahia (Fig. 13, localities 1, 24–37). There, Freyreiss decided to return to Espírito Santo, while Wied continued his travel northward (Wied 1989, p. 186). In Espírito Santo, Freyreiss visited again the localities of São Mateus and Linhares (Fig. 13, localities 35 and 36), and in 
<date id="FFDE1F8B8F28FFE7FF06FF1A481F2691" box="[180,295,151,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" value="1816-05">May 1816</date>
he travelled back to Mucuri (Fig. 13, locality 37) to visit Wied (Wied 1989, p. 162, 170, 201). While Freyreiss and Sellow stayed in Mucuri, Wied continued travelling toward the north. In Ocotber 1816, Wied returned to Mucuri to visit Freyreiss and Sellow, with whom he spent three weeks before heading north again (Wied 1989, p. 273). There is no itinerary of the voyages of Freyreiss after that, but it is known that in Bahia he also visited the localities of Caravelas, Canavieiras (Wied 1989, p. 330) and 
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F28FFE7FC59FEA54D772761" box="[1003,1103,295,320]" name="El Salvador" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">Salvador</collectingCountry>
(Fig. 13, localities 39, 40 and 41), and contributed to the foundation of a 
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F28FFE7FDCEFECE4BEE2745" box="[636,726,332,356]" name="Germany" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">German</collectingCountry>
colony, 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F28FFE7FC84FECE4D2F2744" box="[822,1047,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F28FFE7FC84FECE4AA82744" box="[822,912,332,357]" class="Aves" family="Tyrannidae" genus="Colonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colônia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F28FFE7FC2AFECE4D2F2744" box="[920,1047,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Leopoldina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leopoldina</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, currently part of the municipality of Nova Viçosa (Papavero 1971) (Fig. 13, locality 38). There are some inconsistencies related to the place of death of Freyreiss, in 1825. Löfgren (1902) and Papavero (1971) wrote that the 
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F28FFE7FBB8FE164D5C278D" box="[1034,1124,404,428]" name="Germany" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">German</collectingCountry>
naturalist died in 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F28FFE7FAF0FE16482F27F1" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F28FFE7FAF0FE164CA4278C" box="[1346,1436,404,429]" class="Aves" family="Tyrannidae" genus="Colonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colônia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F28FFE7FF25FE35482F27F1" box="[151,279,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Leopoldina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leopoldina</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, while Rocha (1972 “1973”) stated that he died in Europe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F28FFE7FF75FE5E4D572534" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">
Wied described the species collected during his travels, and his collections are now in the American Museum of Natural History. Even though the 
<typeStatus id="54DB87E98F28FFE7FD9DFD824B672439" box="[559,607,512,536]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">type</typeStatus>
series of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F28FFE7FD79FD834A762439" box="[715,846,511,536]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichrous">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F28FFE7FD79FD834A762439" box="[715,846,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">D. dichrous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is in 
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F28FFE7FC3EFD824ACD2439" box="[908,1013,512,536]" name="Germany" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">Germany</collectingCountry>
, we believe that if Freyreiss collected the specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F28FFE7FEEEFDA748D8241C" box="[348,480,548,573]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichrous">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F28FFE7FEEEFDA748D8241C" box="[348,480,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">D. dichrous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
during the trip from Rio de Janeiro to Bahia, it probably was done at times when he was not with Wied’s expedition. It is known that from his trips through Espírito Santo and Bahia, Freyreiss sent three shipments of collected specimens to Europe (Papavero, 1971), but, as we have written above, there is no information about the dates when the 
<typeStatus id="54DB87E98F28FFE7FDF9FD124B432489" box="[587,635,656,680]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">type</typeStatus>
series of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F28FFE7FD5FFD134A4B2489" box="[749,883,655,680]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichrous">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F28FFE7FD5FFD134A4B2489" box="[749,883,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">D. dichrous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was collected, shipped to, or arrived in Europe. Additionally, we have record of a single shipment of specimens sent to Europe from his trip through Minas Gerais, when he stated that his collections were sent to Rio de Janeiro on 
<date id="FFDE1F8B8F28FFE7FC21FD5A4D1F24D1" box="[915,1063,727,752]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" value="1814-07-30">30 July 1814</date>
(Freyreiss 1907, p. 167). 
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F28FFE7FAE1FD5A4C4A24D1" box="[1363,1394,728,752]" name="American Samoa" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">As</collectingCountry>
his travels continued, he certainly made other shipments, of which we have no information.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A6AC08F28FFE7FF75FC9D4A2C2359" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F28FFE7FF75FC9D4C0225A1" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F28FFE7FF75FC9D487B2519" bold="true" box="[199,323,799,824]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F28FFE7FEFDFC9D4B7D2519" box="[335,581,799,824]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichrous">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F28FFE7FEFDFC9D4B7D2519" box="[335,581,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">Drymoluber dichrous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F28FFE7FCE1FCA34AFB2519" box="[851,963,799,824]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brazili">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F28FFE7FCE1FCA34AFB2519" box="[851,963,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">D. brazili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F28FFE7FBB1FCA34DF52519" box="[1027,1229,801,824]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apurimacensis">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F28FFE7FBB1FCA34DF52519" box="[1027,1229,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">D. apurimacensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the following combination of characters: 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F28FFE7FE78FCC648D8257C" bold="true" box="[458,480,836,861]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">a)</emphasis>
15-15-15 dorsal scale rows with two apical pits; 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F28FFE7FBBFFCC64D1E257C" bold="true" box="[1037,1062,836,861]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">b)</emphasis>
157–173 ventrals in males, 
<quantity id="4C9894AE8F28FFE7FAD6FCC649E625A1" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.318" metricValueMax="4.572" metricValueMin="4.064" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" unit="in" value="170.0" valueMax="180.0" valueMin="160.0">160– 180 in</quantity>
females; 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F28FFE7FEF8FCE5486725A1" bold="true" box="[330,351,871,896]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">c)</emphasis>
87–110 subcaudals in males, 
<quantity id="4C9894AE8F28FFE7FD1DFCE54A1825A1" box="[687,800,871,896]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4765" metricValueMax="2.7686" metricValueMin="2.1844" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" unit="in" value="97.5" valueMax="109.0" valueMin="86.0">86–109 in</quantity>
females; 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F28FFE7FC3EFCE54A9D25A1" bold="true" box="[908,933,871,896]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">d)</emphasis>
19–26 maxillary teeth. See 
<tableCitation id="C6E20CF08F28FFE7FB52FCE54C0D25A1" box="[1248,1333,871,896]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="21.[125,215,498,521]" captionText="TABLE 5. Summary of geographic distribution and morphological variation of the three species of Drymoluber Amaral, 1930. Most common (over 50 % of frequency) character states are represented in bold." pageId="16" pageNumber="365">Table 5</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F28FFE7FF75FC0E4CB72214" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F28FFE7FF75FC0E48572584" bold="true" box="[199,367,908,933]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">Comparisons:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F28FFE7FEC9FC0E4B612584" box="[379,601,908,933]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brazili">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F28FFE7FEC9FC0E4B612584" box="[379,601,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">Drymoluber brazili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has 17-17-15 dorsal scales rows, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F28FFE7FB94FC0F4DC92585" box="[1062,1265,909,932]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apurimacensis">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F28FFE7FB94FC0F4DC92585" box="[1062,1265,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">D. apurimacensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has 13-13-13. Apical pits are absent in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F28FFE7FE0EFC334BBD25E9" box="[444,645,945,968]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apurimacensis">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F28FFE7FE0EFC334BBD25E9" box="[444,645,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">D. apurimacensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F28FFE7FD24FC2D4A4B25E9" box="[662,883,943,968]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brazili">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F28FFE7FD24FC2D4A4B25E9" box="[662,883,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">Drymoluber brazili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has 182–200 ventrals in males and 
<quantity id="4C9894AE8F28FFE7FAA8FC2D4CA425E9" box="[1306,1436,943,968]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9149" metricValueMax="5.1308" metricValueMin="4.699" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" unit="in" value="193.5" valueMax="202.0" valueMin="185.0">185–202 in</quantity>
females, 109–127 subcaudals in males and 
<quantity id="4C9894AE8F28FFE7FD30FC564A3A25CC" box="[642,770,980,1005]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9844999999999997" metricValueMax="3.2004" metricValueMin="2.7686" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" unit="in" value="117.5" valueMax="126.0" valueMin="109.0">109–126 in</quantity>
females. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F28FFE7FCDDFC564D9C25CD" box="[879,1188,980,1005]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apurimacensis">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F28FFE7FCDDFC564D9C25CD" box="[879,1188,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">Drymoluber apurimacensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not distinguishable from 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F28FFE7FF6AFC7B48672231" box="[216,351,1015,1040]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichrous">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F28FFE7FF6AFC7B48672231" box="[216,351,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">D. dichrous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on ventrals and subcaudals counts, having 158–164 ventrals in males and 
<quantity id="4C9894AE8F28FFE7FAABFC754CA42231" box="[1305,1436,1015,1040]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4196" metricValueMax="4.6228" metricValueMin="4.2164" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" unit="in" value="174.0" valueMax="182.0" valueMin="166.0">166–182 in</quantity>
females, 84–93 subcaudals in males and 
<quantity id="4C9894AE8F28FFE7FDECFB9E4BF92214" box="[606,705,1052,1077]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2606" metricValueMax="2.3114" metricValueMin="2.2098" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" unit="in" value="89.0" valueMax="91.0" valueMin="87.0">87–91 in</quantity>
females. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F28FFE7FC9EFB9E4D672215" box="[812,1119,1052,1077]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apurimacensis">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F28FFE7FC9EFB9E4D672215" box="[812,1119,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">Drymoluber apurimacensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has 14–16 maxillary teeth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F28FFE7FF75FBBD4DF822E4" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">
Small specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F28FFE7FE18FBC34B162279" box="[426,558,1087,1112]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichrous">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F28FFE7FE18FBC34B162279" box="[426,558,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">D. dichrous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have dark crossbands 1.5–7 scales wide (mean 3.6) and light interspaces 0.5– 2.5 scales wide (mean 0.8), while in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F28FFE7FDFCFBE74A20225D" box="[590,792,1125,1148]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apurimacensis">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F28FFE7FDFCFBE74A20225D" box="[590,792,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">D. apurimacensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the dark crossbands are 1–2 scales wide, and the pale interspaces are 2–3 scales wide. Juvenile specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F28FFE7FCB0FB0B4A552281" box="[770,877,1159,1184]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brazili">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F28FFE7FCB0FB0B4A552281" box="[770,877,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">D. brazili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have dark crossbands of similar width to those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F28FFE7FF25FB2F482222E4" box="[151,282,1196,1221]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichrous">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F28FFE7FF25FB2F482222E4" box="[151,282,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">D. dichrous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2–6 scales; mean 3.6), but the pale interspaces are wider (0.5–5 scales; mean 1.6).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F28FFE7FF75FB4D4A2C2359" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">
The hemipenes of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F28FFE7FE28FB534B2622C9" box="[410,542,1231,1256]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichrous">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F28FFE7FE28FB534B2622C9" box="[410,542,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">D. dichrous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tend to have more calyces than 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F28FFE7FC3DFB534AC422C9" box="[911,1020,1231,1256]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brazili">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F28FFE7FC3DFB534AC422C9" box="[911,1020,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">D. brazili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, smaller spinulated flounces, and no spines in the lobular region. The walls of the sulcus spermaticus tend to have more ornamentation, at least in the lobular region, with small jagged papillae. The spines of the asulcate face are generally larger than those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F28FFE7FA33FA9B49D82374" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brazili">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F28FFE7FA33FA9B49D82374" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">D. brazili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, especially those most proximal. The hemipenial morphology of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F28FFE7FC58FABF4D4A2374" box="[1002,1138,1340,1365]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichrous">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F28FFE7FC58FABF4D4A2374" box="[1002,1138,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">D. dichrous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F28FFE7FB01FABF4C452375" box="[1203,1405,1341,1364]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apurimacensis">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F28FFE7FB01FABF4C452375" box="[1203,1405,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">D. apurimacensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar and of little value in differentiating these species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A6AC08F28FFEEFF75FA064DBC2311" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="374" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F28FFE7FF75FA064A3521FC" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F28FFE7FF75FA064BB923BC" bold="true" box="[199,641,1412,1437]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">
Description of the 
<typeStatus id="54DB87E98F28FFE7FE10FA064B3523BC" box="[418,525,1412,1437]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="135B25CE8F28FFE7FDAEFA064B4A23BC" box="[540,626,1412,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[211,1382,193,1948]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[199,1383,189,1949]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 14. Lectotype of Drymoluber dichrous (Peters, 1863) (ZMB 1661). A) dorsal view of body; B) ventral view of body; C) right side of the head; D) left side of the head; E) dorsum of head; F) gular region. Photos: Mark-Oliver Rödel." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249308/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Snout-vent length 
<quantity id="4C9894AE8F28FFE7FCE7FA064A8C23BD" box="[853,948,1412,1437]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.85" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" unit="mm" value="585.0">585 mm</quantity>
, and tail length 
<quantity id="4C9894AE8F28FFE7FBD4FA064DFE23BD" box="[1126,1222,1412,1436]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.42" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" unit="mm" value="242.0">242 mm</quantity>
; head distinct from the body, 
<quantity id="4C9894AE8F28FFE7FEB6FA25485023E1" box="[260,360,1447,1472]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.46" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" unit="mm" value="24.6">24.6 mm</quantity>
length (4.2% of the SVL); greatest width of head 
<quantity id="4C9894AE8F28FFE7FC28FA2A4AC623E1" box="[922,1022,1448,1472]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.29" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" unit="mm" value="12.9">12.9 mm</quantity>
(52% of its length); width of head at the supraoculars 
<quantity id="4C9894AE8F28FFE7FEE8FA4E488E23C5" box="[346,438,1484,1508]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" unit="mm" value="9.3">9.3 mm</quantity>
; internasal distance 
<quantity id="4C9894AE8F28FFE7FD13FA4E4BC523C5" box="[673,765,1484,1509]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" unit="mm" value="5.1">5.1 mm</quantity>
; eye diameter 
<quantity id="4C9894AE8F28FFE7FC1AFA4E4D2A23C5" box="[936,1042,1484,1509]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.45" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" unit="mm" value="4.45">4.45 mm</quantity>
; eye-nostril distance 
<quantity id="4C9894AE8F28FFE7FAB5FA4E4C5B23C5" box="[1287,1379,1484,1509]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
. The morphometric measurements were taken by Christoph Kucharzewski, 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F28FFE7FC7AFA734C0B2029" box="[968,1331,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">Museum für Naturkunde Berlin</emphasis>
. Smooth dorsal scales in 15-15-15 rows, with two apical pits; 161 ventrals and 1 preventral (
<emphasis id="B914E5598F28FFE7FBD6F9974D9A200D" box="[1124,1186,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">sensu</emphasis>
Peters 1964); cloacal shield entire; tail intact, with 96 divided subcaudals and one terminal spine; rostral wider than high, visible from above; internasals and prefrontals slightly wider than long; each prefrontal contacting the frontal, supraocular, internasals, posterior nasal, preocular and loreal; frontal about 1.5 times longer than wide; supraoculars longer than wide; parietals about 1.5 times longer than wide; nasal divided above and below the naris, mainly in contact with the first supralabial, but also with the second; loreal slightly longer than high, contacting the second and third supralabials; one preocular; two subequal postoculars; three anterior temporals (one upper and two lower) and two posterior temporals (one upper and one lower) on the right side (1/2+1/1); four anterior temporals (two uppers and two lowers) and two posterior temporals (one upper and one lower) on the left side (2/2+1/1); eight supralabials, the fourth and the fifth contacting the eye; mental triangular, wider than long; nine infralabials, the first pair in contact behind the mental; first to fifth infralabials in contact with the first pair of chinshields; fifth and sixth infralabials in contact with the second pair of chinshields; sixth to ninth infralabials contacting the gulars; first pair of chinshields about the half of the length of the second.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F29FFE6FF25FAB74C3621D2" blockId="17.[151,1437,1330,2036]" pageId="17" pageNumber="366">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F29FFE6FF25FAB74827236A" bold="true" box="[151,287,1333,1355]" pageId="17" pageNumber="366">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
Itinerary of the travels made by Georg Wilhelm Freyreiss in 
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F29FFE6FC39FAB74AF3236A" box="[907,971,1333,1355]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="366">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, in the 19th century, when the 
<typeStatus id="54DB87E98F29FFE6FB4BFAB74C6E236A" box="[1273,1366,1333,1355]" pageId="17" pageNumber="366" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
(ZMB 1661) and one 
<typeStatus id="54DB87E98F29FFE6FE88FAD648FA234B" box="[314,450,1364,1386]" pageId="17" pageNumber="366" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
(ZMB 1662) of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F29FFE6FDCEFAD64A62234B" box="[636,858,1364,1386]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="366" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichrous">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F29FFE6FDCEFAD64A62234B" box="[636,858,1364,1386]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="366">Drymoluber dichrous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected. The inset map shows South 
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F29FFE6FA8CFAD64CA0234B" box="[1342,1432,1364,1386]" name="United States of America" pageId="17" pageNumber="366">America</collectingCountry>
, highlighting in gray the current states of Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Espírito Santo (ES), Minas Gerais (MG) and Bahia (BA), visited by Freyreiss. For easy viewing, only the main localities are represented in the main map. For complete lists of localities, see Freyreiss (1907) and Wied (1989), Bokermann (1957) and Papavero (1971). When the old and current names of a toponym are different, the later is written inside brackets. 1 = 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F29FFE6FD3DFA524A6D23C4" authority="Mineiros" authorityName="Mineiros" box="[655,853,1487,1509]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Prayidae" genus="Praia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="17" pageNumber="366" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dos">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F29FFE6FD3DFA524A6D23C4" box="[655,853,1487,1509]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="366">Praia dos Mineiros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Rio de Janeiro; 2 = 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F29FFE6FB82FA524D8223C4" box="[1072,1210,1487,1509]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="366">Porto Estrela</emphasis>
(Magé); 3 = 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F29FFE6FAF7FA4D49C62022" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="366">Fazenda Mandioca</emphasis>
(Magé); 4 = 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F29FFE6FE37FA6F4BAE2022" box="[389,662,1517,1539]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="366">Fazenda do Padre Correia</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F29FFE6FD17FA6C4A482022" authority="Petropolis" authorityName="Petropolis" box="[677,880,1517,1539]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Correas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="17" pageNumber="366" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F29FFE6FD17FA6C4BC02022" box="[677,760,1518,1539]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="366">Corrêas</emphasis>
, Petrópolis
</taxonomicName>
); 5 = 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F29FFE6FC19FA6F4DB12022" box="[939,1161,1517,1539]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="366">Fazenda das Sebollas</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B914E5598F29FFE6FB2AFA6F4C1B2022" box="[1176,1315,1517,1539]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="366">Inconfidência</emphasis>
, Paraíba do Sul); 6 = 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F29FFE6FF4FF98F48AD2003" box="[253,405,1548,1570]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="366">Rio Paraibuna</emphasis>
; 7 = Matias Barbosa; 8 = Juiz de 
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F29FFE6FD4DF98F4A092003" box="[767,817,1549,1570]" name="France" pageId="17" pageNumber="366">Fora</collectingCountry>
; 9 = 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F29FFE6FCD8F98E4D282003" box="[874,1040,1548,1570]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="366">Chapéu D’Uvas</emphasis>
(Juiz de 
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F29FFE6FBC1F98F4D9E2003" box="[1139,1190,1549,1570]" name="France" pageId="17" pageNumber="366">Fora</collectingCountry>
); 10 = Barbacena; 11 = Congonhas do Campo (Congonhas); 12 = Villa Rica (Ouro Preto); 13 = 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F29FFE6FC14F9AE4DB32060" box="[934,1163,1579,1601]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="366">Ponte das Almoreiras</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B914E5598F29FFE6FB2CF9AE4CAD2060" box="[1182,1429,1579,1601]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="366">Ponte das Almorreimas</emphasis>
, Brumadinho); 14 = 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F29FFE6FED2F9CB4B03207E" box="[352,571,1609,1631]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="366">Fazenda São Joanico</emphasis>
(Maravilhas); 15 = Pompeu; 16 = 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F29FFE6FC2FF9C84D62207E" box="[925,1114,1610,1631]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="366">Rio São Francisco</emphasis>
; 17 = 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F29FFE6FB2EF9CB49C2205F" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="366">Fazenda do Comandante de Indaiá</emphasis>
(Quartel Geral); 18 = 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F29FFE6FE5CF9EA4BF3205F" box="[494,715,1640,1662]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="366">Quartel do Assunção</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B914E5598F29FFE6FD6FF9EB4AA4205F" box="[733,924,1640,1662]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="366">
Córrego 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F29FFE6FC8EF9EA4AA4205F" authority="Tiros, Tiros" authorityName="Tiros, Tiros" box="[828,924,1640,1662]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Prayidae" genus="Praia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="17" pageNumber="366" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dos">dos Tiros</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, Tiros); 19 = Mariana; 20 = Santana 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F29FFE6FA9CF9EA482620BC" authority="Ferros (Guaraciaba)" authorityName="Ferros (Guaraciaba" class="Hydrozoa" family="Prayidae" genus="Praia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="17" pageNumber="366" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dos">dos Ferros (Guaraciaba)</taxonomicName>
; 21 = Santa Rita (Viçosa); 22 = 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F29FFE6FDD8F90A4A0A20BC" box="[618,818,1671,1693]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="366">Serra de S. Beralde</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B914E5598F29FFE6FCF0F90A4D1A20BC" box="[834,1058,1671,1693]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="366">Serra de São Geraldo</emphasis>
, São Geraldo); 23 = 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F29FFE6FB49F905482E209A" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="366">Presídio de São João Batista</emphasis>
(Visconde do Rio Branco); 24 = S. Gonzalves (São Gonçalo); 25 = Freguesia de Maricá (Maricá); 26 = Araruama; 27 = Cabo Frio; 28 = Villa de S. João de Macahé (Macaé); 29 = Villa de S. 
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F29FFE6FC22F9464AD220FB" box="[912,1002,1732,1754]" name="El Salvador" pageId="17" pageNumber="366">Salvador</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F29FFE6FC42F9464D5420FB" authority="Campos" authorityName="Campos" box="[1008,1132,1732,1754]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Prayidae" genus="Praia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="17" pageNumber="366" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dos">dos Campos</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F29FFE6FBC0F9464C2920FB" authority="Goytacazes" authorityName="Goytacazes" box="[1138,1297,1732,1754]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Prayidae" genus="Praia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="17" pageNumber="366" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dos">dos Goytacazes</taxonomicName>
(Campos 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F29FFE6FACAF946482820D8" authority="Goytacazes" authorityName="Goytacazes" class="Hydrozoa" family="Prayidae" genus="Praia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="17" pageNumber="366" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dos">dos Goytacazes</taxonomicName>
); 30 = Itapemerim; 31 = Povoação de Piuma (Piúma); 32 = Nossa Senhora da Victoria (Vitória); 33 = Vila Nova do Almeida (
<emphasis id="B914E5598F29FFE6FF4CF88048A82136" box="[254,400,1793,1815]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="366">Nova Almeida</emphasis>
, Serra); 34 = 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F29FFE6FD90F8834BDA2136" box="[546,738,1793,1815]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="366">Quartel do Riacho</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B914E5598F29FFE6FD40F8834A022136" box="[754,826,1793,1815]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="366">Riacho</emphasis>
, Aracruz); 35 = Linhares; 36 = 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F29FFE6FB35F8804C5D2136" box="[1159,1381,1793,1815]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="366">
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F29FFE6FB35F8804DFB2136" box="[1159,1219,1794,1815]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Barra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Barra</taxonomicName>
do São Mateus
</emphasis>
(São Mateus); 37 = 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F29FFE6FE98F8A348A62117" box="[298,414,1825,1846]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="366">Rio Mucuri</emphasis>
(Mucuri); 38 = 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F29FFE6FD8CF8A24A312117" box="[574,777,1824,1846]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="366">
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F29FFE6FD8CF8A24BA82117" box="[574,656,1824,1846]" class="Aves" family="Tyrannidae" genus="Colonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="366" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colônia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F29FFE6FD24F8A24A312117" box="[662,777,1824,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Leopoldina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leopoldina</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(Nova Viçosa); 39 = Caravelas; 40 = Canavieiras; 41 = 
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F29FFE6FA8FF8A24CA12117" box="[1341,1433,1824,1846]" name="El Salvador" pageId="17" pageNumber="366">Salvador</collectingCountry>
. Dashed line = Travel from Rio de Janeiro to 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F29FFE6FDE8F8BD4A082174" box="[602,816,1855,1877]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="366">Quartel do Assunção</emphasis>
(Tiros), in 1814 (Localities 1–12, 12–11, 11–18); Dotted line = Travel from Villa Rica (Ouro Preto) to the vicinities of 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F29FFE6FD69F8DF4AD92152" box="[731,993,1885,1907]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="366">Presídio São João Batista</emphasis>
(Visconde do Rio Branco), from 
<date id="FFDE1F8B8F29FFE6FA86F8DF49F221B3" pageId="17" pageNumber="366" value="1814-12">December 1814</date>
to 
<date id="FFDE1F8B8F29FFE6FF59F8FF484C21B3" box="[235,372,1916,1938]" pageId="17" pageNumber="366" value="1815-01">January 1815</date>
(Localities 12–23); Dashed-dotted line = Travel from Rio de Janeiro to Mucuri, from 
<date id="FFDE1F8B8F29FFE6FB56F8FE4C7021B3" box="[1252,1352,1916,1938]" pageId="17" pageNumber="366" value="1815-07">July 1815</date>
to 1816 (Localities 1, 24–38). Localities 39–41 are not linked by lines because of the lack of information about the itinerary took by Freyreiss when visiting them. Tropical and subtropical moist forests; Tropical and subtropical savannas; Deserts and xeric formations; Mangroves; Tropical and subtropical dry forests. Habitat 
<typeStatus id="54DB87E98F29FFE6FC76F85C4AC121D2" box="[964,1017,2014,2035]" pageId="17" pageNumber="366">types</typeStatus>
follow Olson 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F29FFE6FB39F85D4D8F21D2" box="[1163,1207,2013,2036]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="366">et al</emphasis>
. (2001).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1F69C38F2AFFE5FF25F8424C2121D4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249308/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="367" targetBox="[211,1382,193,1948]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2AFFE5FF25F8424C2121D4" blockId="18.[151,1436,1984,2037]" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2AFFE5FF25F842482721F7" bold="true" box="[151,287,1984,2006]" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
Lectotype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F2AFFE5FE1EF8424A2121F7" authority="Peters, 1863" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1863" box="[428,793,1984,2006]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="367" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichrous">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2AFFE5FE1EF8424BBE21F7" box="[428,646,1984,2006]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">Drymoluber dichrous</emphasis>
(Peters, 1863)
</taxonomicName>
(ZMB 1661). A) dorsal view of body; B) ventral view of body; C) right side of the head; D) left side of the head; E) dorsum of head; F) gular region. Photos: Mark-Oliver Rödel.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2BFFE4FF47FF154DCF27A9" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="368">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2BFFE4FF47FF154B042691" bold="true" box="[245,572,151,176]" pageId="19" pageNumber="368">
Coloration of the 
<typeStatus id="54DB87E98F2BFFE4FE75FF154B0E2691" box="[455,566,151,176]" pageId="19" pageNumber="368" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Peters (1863) described the coloration of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F2BFFE4FBA3FF154C302691" box="[1041,1288,151,176]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Herpetodryas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="19" pageNumber="368" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichroa">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2BFFE4FBA3FF154C302691" box="[1041,1288,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="368">Herpetodryas dichroa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as: “Dorsum olive-brown, the sides, including the lateral edges of ventral plates; subcaudals olive-green; the whole venter to the tip of the tail of yellow color; a black stripe bordered by the yellow (darker than that of the belly) supralabials on both sides of the head, becoming suddenly wider behind the eyes.”. After almost 200 years of preservation, the dorsum is uniformly brownish-blue. Supralabials, gular region and venter are uniformly creamish colored, the lateral edges of ventrals and subcaudals are the same color as the dorsum. The upper margins of some supralabials, especially the last two, have the color of the dorsum. The dark lateral stripe of the head is indistinct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2BFFE4FF75FE1648E327D4" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="368">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2BFFE4FF75FE164B04278C" bold="true" box="[199,572,404,429]" pageId="19" pageNumber="368">Coloration of preserved adults:</emphasis>
The dorsal coloration of adult specimens after fixation is usually darker than the 
<typeStatus id="54DB87E98F2BFFE4FF76FE35481527F1" box="[196,301,439,464]" pageId="19" pageNumber="368" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, with bluish-gray or dark-blue colors. Faint crossbands that formed the juvenile color pattern are visible in smaller specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2BFFE4FF75FE7D4C0A2489" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="368">The venter of most specimens is immaculate cream, with lateral edges of ventral plates having the same color as the dorsal scales (n=203; 95%). In some cases (n=3; 1.5%) the dark dorsal coloration continues into the ventral region from the lateral edges of ventral plates. There are specimens with a creamish venter with small black marks (n=3; 1.5%). The venter of some specimens is the same color as dorsal scales or a little paler (n=3; 1.5%). One specimen (0.05%) has a yellow venter, with the lateral and the posterior edges of ventral plates darkened.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2BFFE4FF75FD364C752535" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="368">The ventral part of the tail usually is creamish with lateral edges of subcaudals darkened (n=207; 97%), with little variation. The lateral edges may not be darkened (n=1; 0.05%), the subcaudals may have small black dots, in larger numbers in the posterior region (n=1; 0.05%), or be completely black along the whole tail (n=4; 2%).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2BFFE4FF75FC9D4B4525E9" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="368">The gular region is pale and immaculate in most specimens (n=153; 72%). Some of them, however, have dark marks in the posterior edges of infralabials, and sometimes on the chinshields (n=60; 28%). The lateral edges of supralabials (especially the last ones) in most specimens are dark colored (n=166; 78%), sometimes (n=14; 6.5%), with strong and thick marks. Supralabials can also be completely dark (n=15; 7%) or totally cream, without marks, or with inconspicuous marks (n=18; 8.5%).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2BFFE4FF75FC564862232C" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="368">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2BFFE4FF75FC564B3525CC" bold="true" box="[199,525,980,1005]" pageId="19" pageNumber="368">Coloration of adults in life:</emphasis>
Based on descriptions in the literature (
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2BFFE4FC63FC574AC225CD" box="[977,1018,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="368">e.g.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F2BFFE4FBB0FC564D7325CC" box="[1026,1099,980,1005]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="19" pageNumber="368">Cunha</collectingCountry>
&amp; Nascimento 1978; Martins &amp; Oliveira 1998; Bartlett &amp; Bartlett 2003; Argôlo 2004a) and some photographs (
<figureCitation id="135B25CE8F2BFFE4FB97FC754D4F2231" box="[1061,1143,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[159,1433,436,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,431,1858]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 15. Color in life of some adult specimens of Drymoluber dichrous (Peters, 1863). A) Barra do Choça, Bahia, Brazil; B) Reserva Extrativista Riozinho da Liberdade, Tarauacá, Acre, Brazil; C) Reserva Ducke, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; D) Nouragues Station, French Guiana; E) Parque Estadual Guajará - Mirim, Rondônia, Brazil; F) Marabá, Pará, Brazil. Photos: Marco Antônio de Freitas (A), Paulo Sérgio Bernarde (B), Rafael de Fraga (C), Maël Dewynter (D), Laurie J. Vitt (E) and Pedro L. V. Peloso (F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249309/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="368">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
), we noted some variation in the color pattern of adult specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F2BFFE4FDCCFB9F4A3C2214" box="[638,772,1052,1077]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="368" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichrous">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2BFFE4FDCCFB9F4A3C2214" box="[638,772,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="368">D. dichrous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in life—but unrelated to the geographic distribution. The dorsum varies between brown, olive-brown, green, dark-green and gray-bluish. In some snakes the dorsal color changes posterior to the first third or the half of the body. The dorsum of head is sometimes a little paler than the body. A barely distinguishable black stripe from the preocular to the end of the posterior temporal may be present. Supralabials, gular region and the venter vary between yellow and white, with the lateral edges of ventrals and subcaudals of the same color or little paler than the dorsals. The supralabials also may be dark along their upper and lateral edges.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2BFFE4FF75FA954DF623E1" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="368">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2BFFE4FF75FA954B662311" bold="true" box="[199,606,1303,1328]" pageId="19" pageNumber="368">Coloration of preserved juveniles:</emphasis>
The number of dark crossbands along the body varies between 31 and 52 (mean 40; SD=4.3; n=49; 63%). Specimens with indistinct bands on the posterior third of the body are common (n=29; 37%), and in seven small specimens (SVL 
<quantity id="4C9894AE8F2BFFE4FCA2FADD4A8A2359" box="[784,946,1375,1400]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.38" metricValueMax="3.91" metricValueMin="2.85" pageId="19" pageNumber="368" unit="mm" value="338.0" valueMax="391.0" valueMin="285.0">285–391 mm</quantity>
), the banded coloration has disappeared completely. The tail bands are rarely visible (only in some specimens with SVL &lt;
<quantity id="4C9894AE8F2BFFE4FBE6FA064D8F23BD" box="[1108,1207,1412,1437]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" pageId="19" pageNumber="368" unit="mm" value="385.0">385 mm</quantity>
). Dorsal crossbands vary from de 1.5–7 vertebral/paravertebral scales wide (mean 3.6; SD=0.87; n=306 crossbands).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2BFFE4FF75FA4E48E0209D" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="368">The last crossband anterior to the cloacal shield tends to be the narrowest (1.5–5 scales; mean 2.9; SD=0.79; n=48) and the fifteenth after the head the widest (2–7 scales; mean 3.6; SD=0.75; n=71). The light interspaces between dark crossbands vary between 0.5–2.5 scales (mean 0.8; SD=0.43; n=306 interspaces). The interspaces anterior to the last crossband and the fifth crossband anterior to the cloacal shield are the narrowest, with 0.5–1 scales (mean 0.5; SD=0.1; n=48; and mean 0.5; SD=0.09; n=49). The interspace posterior to the first crossband and the interspace anterior to the fifth crossband are the widest, with 0.5–2.5 scales (mean 1.17; SD=0.49; n=67; and mean 0.96; SD=0.46; n=71).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2BFFE4FF75F9454ACC2109" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="368">The venter of juveniles usually has a creamish coloration as in adults (n=66; 85 %). It also may have black marks spreading ventromedially from the lateral edges of ventral plates (n=9; 11%), or even be completely black along the whole body (n=1; 1.5%), or only on the posterior half (n=2; 2.5%).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2BFFE4FF25F8B64D7A2151" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="368">The subcaudals in juveniles are the same pattern as those in adults (cream color with darkened lateral edges) (n=73; 93.5%), although in some specimens these plates are completely black (n=5; 6.5%).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2BFFE4FF75F8FE4AF221FD" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="368">The head pattern consists of light internasals; light prefrontals with darkened posterior edge; and dark frontal and supraoculars with light anterior edge. A light stripe in the parietal region may be present and immaculate (n=19; 26.1%), maculate (n=5; 6.8%), or absent (n=49; 67.1%) (Fig. 13).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2CFFE3FF75FF154868273C" blockId="20.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="20" pageNumber="369">Like in the adults, the gular region of the juveniles usually is cream colored (n=48; 61.5%), but black marks may occur on the infralabials and chinshields (n=30; 38.5%). The supralabials have distinct dark marks on their lateral edges (n=51; 65.4%), but sometimes these marks are pale, as in adults (n=8; 10.25%), or even barely visible (n=19; 24.35%).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2CFFE3FF75FEA54ABC27A9" blockId="20.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="20" pageNumber="369">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2CFFE3FF75FEA54B002761" bold="true" box="[199,568,295,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="369">Coloration of juveniles in life:</emphasis>
The light colored regions of preserved juveniles may vary from shades of white, cream, light-brown and orange in life. The dark colored regions of preserved specimens vary in shades of brown, orange-brown, reddish-brown and grayish-brown (
<figureCitation id="135B25CE8F2CFFE3FC96FEED4A4F27A9" box="[804,887,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1187,1209]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,196,1165]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1166]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 16. Color in life of some juvenile specimens of Drymoluber dichrous (Peters, 1863). A) Reserva Ducke, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; B) Reserva Ducke, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; C) Barra do Choça, Bahia, Brazil; D) Ubajara, Ceará, Brazil. Photos: Rafael de Fraga (A), William Quatman (B), Marco Antônio de Freitas (C) and Daniel Loebmann (D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249310/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="369">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1F69C38F2CFFE3FF25F8DA484721C9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249309/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="369" targetBox="[159,1433,436,1855]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2CFFE3FF25F8DA484721C9" blockId="20.[151,1437,1880,2024]" pageId="20" pageNumber="369">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2CFFE3FF25F8DA4827214F" bold="true" box="[151,287,1880,1902]" pageId="20" pageNumber="369">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
Color in life of some adult specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F2CFFE3FD77F8DA4D00214F" authority="Peters, 1863" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1863" box="[709,1080,1880,1902]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="369" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichrous">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2CFFE3FD77F8DA4A98214F" box="[709,928,1880,1902]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="369">Drymoluber dichrous</emphasis>
(Peters, 1863)
</taxonomicName>
. A) 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F2CFFE3FBD0F8DB4DA2214F" box="[1122,1178,1881,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Barra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Barra</taxonomicName>
do Choça, Bahia, Brazil; B) 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2CFFE3FF0BF8F54BB921AD" box="[185,641,1910,1932]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="369">Reserva Extrativista Riozinho da Liberdade</emphasis>
, Tarauacá, Acre, Brazil; C) 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2CFFE3FC1FF8F54D7021AD" box="[941,1096,1910,1932]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="369">Reserva Ducke</emphasis>
, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; D) 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2CFFE3FF25F814486D218A" box="[151,341,1942,1963]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="369">Nouragues Station</emphasis>
, French Guiana; E) 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2CFFE3FD9EF8144A0F218A" box="[556,823,1941,1963]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="369">Parque Estadual Guajará</emphasis>
- 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2CFFE3FC8DF8144A46218A" box="[831,894,1942,1963]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="369">Mirim</emphasis>
, Rondônia, Brazil; F) Marabá, Pará, Brazil. Photos: Marco Antônio de Freitas (A), Paulo Sérgio Bernarde (B), Rafael de Fraga (C), Maël Dewynter (D), Laurie J. Vitt (E) and Pedro L. V. Peloso (F).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF1F69C38F2DFFE2FFCFFE704BA42409" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2DFFE2FFCFFE704BA42409" blockId="21.[125,1901,497,552]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2DFFE2FFCFFE7049CF2428" bold="true" box="[125,247,498,521]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">TABLE 5.</emphasis>
Summary of geographic distribution and morphological variation of the three species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F2DFFE2FB40FE734F232428" authority="Amaral, 1930" authorityName="Amaral" authorityYear="1930" box="[1266,1563,497,521]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2DFFE2FB40FE734C4C2428" box="[1266,1396,497,521]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Drymoluber</emphasis>
Amaral, 1930
</taxonomicName>
. Most common (over 50% of frequency) character states are represented in bold.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2DFFE2FE40FDC54F40247D" blockId="21.[125,1887,583,1708]" box="[498,1656,583,604]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2DFFE2FE40FDC54F40247D" bold="true" box="[498,1656,583,604]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F2DFFE2FE40FDC54A38247D" box="[498,768,583,604]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="370" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apurimacensis">Drymoluber apurimacensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F2DFFE2FCEBFDC54D2E247D" box="[857,1046,583,604]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="370" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brazili">Drymoluber brazili</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F2DFFE2FA11FDC54F40247D" box="[1443,1656,583,604]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="370" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichrous">Drymoluber dichrous</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2DFFE2FFCFFDF14F762525" blockId="21.[125,1887,583,1708]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2DFFE2FFCFFDF1484C24A9" bold="true" box="[125,372,627,648]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Geographic distribution</emphasis>
South of the Apurimác and Cerrado, Caatinga, Atlantic Forests of the lower Doce Eastern Andes, Amazonia, 
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F2DFFE2F91BFDF14FD624A9" box="[1705,1774,627,648]" name="Guyana" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Guiana</collectingCountry>
Shield, Pampas Rivers, in the Peruvian River, and Atlantic Forest–Cerrado transitional areas. Brazilian Atlantic Forest, Atlantic Forest– Serranía Esteparia ecoregion. Caatinga and Atlantic Forest–Cerrado transitional areas.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2DFFE2FFCFFC984FA1250E" blockId="21.[125,1887,583,1708]" box="[125,1689,794,815]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2DFFE2FFCFFC9848A7250E" bold="true" box="[125,415,794,815]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Maximum snout-vent length</emphasis>
<quantity id="4C9894AE8F2DFFE2FE40FC984B79250E" box="[498,577,794,815]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="21" pageNumber="370" unit="mm" value="670.0">670 mm</quantity>
(MHNSM 18647) 
<quantity id="4C9894AE8F2DFFE2FCEBFC984A8C250E" box="[857,948,794,815]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.178" pageId="21" pageNumber="370" unit="mm" value="1178.0">1178 mm</quantity>
(IBSP 34369) 
<quantity id="4C9894AE8F2DFFE2FA11FC984CC6250E" box="[1443,1534,794,815]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="21" pageNumber="370" unit="mm" value="1050.0">1050 mm</quantity>
(MPEG 17235)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2DFFE2FFCFFCC74F7D25A2" blockId="21.[125,1887,583,1708]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2DFFE2FFCFFCC74F3B257B" bold="true" box="[125,1539,837,858]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Number of dorsal scale rows 13–13–13 17–17–15 15–15–15</emphasis>
(n=289); 15–15–17 (n=1); 15–15–13 (n=1)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2DFFE2FFCFFC184C97258E" blockId="21.[125,1887,583,1708]" box="[125,1455,922,943]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2DFFE2FFCFFC184C97258E" bold="true" box="[125,1455,922,943]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Dorsal apical pits 0 2 2</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2DFFE2FFCFFC474FF625F8" blockId="21.[125,1887,583,1708]" box="[125,1742,964,986]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2DFFE2FFCFFC474AA225F8" bold="true" box="[125,922,964,986]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Cloacal shield Entire Entire</emphasis>
(n=82); Divided (n=1) 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2DFFE2FA11FC464CDC25F8" bold="true" box="[1443,1508,964,985]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Entire</emphasis>
(n=290); Divided (n=1)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2DFFE2FFCFFC724F8F2225" blockId="21.[125,1887,583,1708]" box="[125,1719,1007,1029]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2DFFE2FFCFFC7248572224" bold="true" box="[125,367,1008,1029]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Number of pre-ventrals</emphasis>
1 (n=1); 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2DFFE2FDF5FC6D4B6B2225" bold="true" box="[583,595,1007,1028]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">2</emphasis>
(n=2) 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2DFFE2FCEBFC6D4A5D2225" bold="true" box="[857,869,1007,1028]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">1</emphasis>
(n=74); 2 (n=8); 3 (n=1) 0 (n=12); 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2DFFE2F9B6FC6D4F282225" bold="true" box="[1540,1552,1007,1028]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">1</emphasis>
(n=277); 2 (n=2)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2DFFE2FFCFFB994E21220E" blockId="21.[125,1887,583,1708]" box="[125,1817,1050,1072]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2DFFE2FFCFFB9948A72211" bold="true" box="[125,415,1051,1072]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Number of ventrals in males</emphasis>
158–164* (n=2) 182–200 (mean 189; SD=3.61; n=46) 157–173 (mean 165; SD=3.35; n=172)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2DFFE2FFCFFBC44E21227B" blockId="21.[125,1887,583,1708]" box="[125,1817,1093,1115]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2DFFE2FFCFFBC4488A227A" bold="true" box="[125,434,1094,1115]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Number of ventrals in females</emphasis>
166–182 (n=2) 185–202 (mean 193; SD=3,68; n=37) 160–180 (mean 172; SD=3.72; n=114)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2DFFE2FFCFFBF34E3922A4" blockId="21.[125,1887,583,1708]" box="[125,1793,1136,1158]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2DFFE2FFCFFBF3488622A7" bold="true" box="[125,446,1137,1158]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Number of subcaudals in males</emphasis>
84–93 (mean 88; SD=4.58; n=3) 109–127 (mean 118; SD=4.37; n=29) 87–110 (mean 97; SD=4.20; n=122)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2DFFE2FFCFFB1E4FCD2291" blockId="21.[125,1887,583,1708]" box="[125,1781,1179,1201]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2DFFE2FFCFFB1E48E82290" bold="true" box="[125,464,1180,1201]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Number of subcaudals in females</emphasis>
87–91 (mean 89; SD=2.08; n=3) 109–126 (mean 119; SD=4.45; n=26) 86–109 (mean 98; SD=4.79; n=89)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2DFFE2FFCFFB454E0522FA" blockId="21.[125,1887,583,1708]" box="[125,1853,1222,1244]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2DFFE2FFCFFB454F7422FA" bold="true" box="[125,1612,1222,1244]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Loreal longer than high longer than high longer than high</emphasis>
(n=193); as high as long
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2DFFE2FA11FB724FF22324" blockId="21.[125,1887,583,1708]" box="[1443,1738,1264,1285]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">(n=92); higher than long (n=5)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2DFFE2FFCFFA994FF72311" blockId="21.[125,1887,583,1708]" box="[125,1743,1307,1328]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2DFFE2FFCFFA994C972311" bold="true" box="[125,1455,1307,1328]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Preoculars 1 1 1</emphasis>
(n=572 sides); 2 (n=10 sides)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2DFFE2FFCFFAC44E68237A" blockId="21.[125,1887,583,1708]" box="[125,1872,1350,1371]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2DFFE2FFCFFAC44A5D237A" bold="true" box="[125,869,1350,1371]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Postoculars 2 2</emphasis>
(n=159 sides); 3 (n=5 sides) 1 (n=1 side); 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2DFFE2F996FAC44F08237A" bold="true" box="[1572,1584,1350,1371]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">2</emphasis>
(n=551 sides); 3 (n=28) sides
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2DFFE2FFCFFAF34CE42074" blockId="21.[125,1887,583,1708]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2DFFE2FFCFFAF34B1323A7" bold="true" box="[125,555,1393,1414]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">Temporal formula 1+1/1</emphasis>
1+1/1 (n=9 sides), 1+2/3 (n=1 side), 1/1+1 (n=1 side), 1+1 (1 side), 1+1/1 (n=38 sides), 1/1+1 (n=2 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2DFFE2FCEBFA184A9C238E" bold="true" box="[857,932,1434,1455]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">1/1+1/1</emphasis>
(n=90 sides), 1/1+1/2 (n=8 sides), 1/1+2/1 (n=10 sides), 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2DFFE2FA55FA184F0A238E" bold="true" box="[1511,1586,1434,1455]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">1/1+1/1</emphasis>
(n=480 sides), 1/1+1/2 (n=7 sides), 1/1+2/2 (n=1 side), 1/1+3/1 (n=1 side), 1/2+1/1 sides), 1/1+2/1 (n=8 sides), 1/1+2/2 (n=1 (n=19 sides), 1/2+1/2 (n=5 sides), 1/2+2/1 (n=5 sides), side), 1/2+1/1 (n=20 sides), 2/1+1/1 (n= 
<date id="FFDE1F8B8F2DFFE2F897FA6F4A4F200A" pageId="21" pageNumber="370" value="1914-02-01">14 1/2</date>
+2/1/2 (n=1 side), 1/2+3/1 (n=1 side), 1/2+4/1 (n=1 sides), 2/1+1/2 (n=1 side) or 2/2+1/1 (n=4 side), 2/1+1/1 (n=5 sides), 2/1+1/2 (n=3 sides), 2/2+2/2 sides)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2DFFE2FCEBF9EB4C03205F" blockId="21.[125,1887,583,1708]" box="[857,1339,1641,1662]" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">(n=1 side), 2/2+4/2 (n=1 side), 2/3+1/2 (n=1 side)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2DFFE1F993F9144FCF2321" blockId="21.[125,1887,583,1708]" lastBlockId="22.[119,1896,1216,1586]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="371" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2DFFE2F993F9144E67208D" box="[1569,1887,1686,1708]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="370">……continued on the next page</emphasis>
iv–vi (n=34 sides) vi–vii (n=2 sides) 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FFC5FB6E48F42320" bold="true" box="[119,460,1260,1281]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">Infralabials contacting the gulars</emphasis>
v–vii (n=2 sides); iii–viii (n=1 side); iv–viii (n=1 side); v–viii (n=4 sides); v–ix (n=7 sides);
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1F69C38F2EFFE1FFC5FDE9484B24A3" ID-Table-UUID="DF1F69C38F2EFFE1FFC5FDE9484B24A3" box="[119,371,619,642]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1F69C38F2EFFE1FFC5FDE9484B24A3" pageId="22" pageNumber="371" targetBox="[119,1896,667,817]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2EFFE1FFC5FDE9484B24A3" blockId="22.[119,371,619,642]" box="[119,371,619,642]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FFC5FDE949D424A3" bold="true" box="[119,236,619,642]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">TABLE 5.</emphasis>
(Continued)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2EFFE1FE5FFD194FC62510" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
<table id="F960CBEB8F2E0008FFC5FD194E502510" box="[119,1896,667,817]" gridcols="4" gridrows="4" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
<tr id="35503B098F2E0008FFC5FD194E502491" box="[119,1896,667,688]" gridrow="0" pageId="22" pageNumber="371" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="768152758F2E0008FE5FFD194BC32491" box="[493,763,667,688]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F2EFFE1FE5FFD194BC32491" box="[493,763,667,688]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="371" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apurimacensis">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FE5FFD194BC32491" bold="true" box="[493,763,667,688]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">Drymoluber apurimacensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="768152758F2E0008FCE6FD194C582491" box="[852,1376,667,688]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F2EFFE1FCE6FD194D292491" box="[852,1041,667,688]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="371" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brazili">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FCE6FD194D292491" bold="true" box="[852,1041,667,688]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">Drymoluber brazili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="768152758F2E0008FA2CFD194E502491" box="[1438,1896,667,688]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F2EFFE1FA2CFD194F4B2491" box="[1438,1651,667,688]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="371" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichrous">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FA2CFD194F4B2491" bold="true" box="[1438,1651,667,688]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">Drymoluber dichrous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35503B098F2E0008FFC5FD454E5024FC" box="[119,1896,711,733]" gridrow="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
<th id="768152758F2E0008FFC5FD45488E24FC" box="[119,438,711,733]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FFC5FD4A485224FC" bold="true" box="[119,362,712,733]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">Number of supralabials</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="768152758F2E0008FE5FFD454BC324FC" box="[493,763,711,733]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FE5FFD4A48C124FC" bold="true" box="[493,505,712,733]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">8</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="768152758F2E0008FCE6FD454C5824FC" box="[852,1376,711,733]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
7 (n=3 sides); 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FC6CFD454AD224FD" bold="true" box="[990,1002,711,732]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">8</emphasis>
(n=143 sides); 9 (n=18 sides)
</td>
<td id="768152758F2E0008FA2CFD454E5024FC" box="[1438,1896,711,733]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
7 (n=2 sides); 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1F99AFD454F0C24FD" bold="true" box="[1576,1588,711,732]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">8</emphasis>
(n=540 sides); 9 (n=37 sides)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35503B098F2E0008FFC5FD704E502529" box="[119,1896,754,776]" gridrow="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
<th id="768152758F2E0008FFC5FD70488E2529" box="[119,438,754,776]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FFC5FD71488E2529" bold="true" box="[119,438,755,776]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">Supralabials contacting the eye</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="768152758F2E0008FE5FFD704BC32529" box="[493,763,754,776]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FE5FFD704B382526" bold="true" box="[493,512,754,775]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">iv</emphasis>
– 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FDB9FD704B2F2526" bold="true" box="[523,535,754,775]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">v</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="768152758F2E0008FCE6FD704C582529" box="[852,1376,754,776]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
iii–v(n=1side); 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FC47FD704D302526" bold="true" box="[1013,1032,754,775]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">iv</emphasis>
– 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FBA1FD704D272526" bold="true" box="[1043,1055,754,775]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">v</emphasis>
(n=152 sides); iv–vi (n=2 sides);
</td>
<td id="768152758F2E0008FA2CFD704E502529" box="[1438,1896,754,776]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
iii–iv (n=1 side); 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1F9F7FD704F492526" bold="true" box="[1605,1649,754,775]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">iii–v</emphasis>
(n=454 sides);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35503B098F2E0008FFC5FC9E4E502510" box="[119,1896,796,817]" gridrow="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="371" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="768152758F2E0008FFC5FC9E488E2510" box="[119,438,796,817]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FFC5FC9E49922510" bold="true" box="[119,170,796,817]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">orbit</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="768152758F2E0008FCE6FC9E4C582510" box="[852,1376,796,817]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">v–vi (n=9 sides)</td>
<td id="768152758F2E0008FA2CFC9E4E502510" box="[1438,1896,796,817]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">iii–vi (n=2 sides); iv–v (n=88 sides);</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2EFFE1FFC5FCF34E31228D" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
<table id="F960CBEB8F2E0008FFC5FCF24E50228D" box="[119,1896,880,1196]" gridcols="4" gridrows="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
<tr id="35503B098F2E0008FFC5FCF24E5025A7" box="[119,1896,880,902]" gridrow="0" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
<th id="768152758F2E0008FFC5FCF2488F25A7" box="[119,439,880,902]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FFC5FCF3485A25A7" bold="true" box="[119,354,881,902]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">Number of infralabials</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="768152758F2E0008FE5FFCF24A1925A7" box="[493,801,880,902]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
7 (n=2 sides); 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FDC5FCF24BBB25A4" bold="true" box="[631,643,880,901]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">8</emphasis>
(n=4 sides);
</th>
<th id="768152758F2E0008FCE6FCF24C2E25A7" box="[852,1302,880,902]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
8 (n=8 sides); 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FC6CFCF24AD225A4" bold="true" box="[990,1002,880,901]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">9</emphasis>
(n=144 sides); 10 (n=11 sides)
</th>
<th id="768152758F2E0008FA2CFCF24E5025A7" box="[1438,1896,880,902]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
8 (n=84 sides); 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1F986FCF24F7825A4" bold="true" box="[1588,1600,880,901]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">9</emphasis>
(n=489 sides);
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35503B098F2E0008FFC5FC184E5025FB" box="[119,1896,922,986]" gridrow="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
<th id="768152758F2E0008FFC5FC18488F25FB" box="[119,439,922,986]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FFC5FC4748BE25FB" bold="true" box="[119,390,965,986]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">Infralabials contacting the</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="768152758F2E0008FE5FFC184A1925FB" box="[493,801,922,986]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
9 (n=2 sides) 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FE5FFC4748C125FB" bold="true" box="[493,505,965,986]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">1</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FE4BFC424B3D25EF" bold="true" box="[505,517,960,974]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">st</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FDB8FC474B0D25FB" bold="true" box="[522,565,965,986]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">pair</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="768152758F2E0008FCE6FC184C2E25FB" box="[852,1302,922,986]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FCE6FC474A5825FB" bold="true" box="[852,864,965,986]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">1</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FCD2FC424A5425EF" bold="true" box="[864,876,960,974]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">st</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FCC3FC474AA425FB" bold="true" box="[881,924,965,986]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">pair</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="768152758F2E0008FA2CFC184E5025FB" box="[1438,1896,922,986]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
10 (n=7 sides) 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FA2CFC474C9225FB" bold="true" box="[1438,1450,965,986]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">1</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FA18FC424C8E25EF" bold="true" box="[1450,1462,960,974]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">st</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FA09FC474CDE25FB" bold="true" box="[1467,1510,965,986]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">pair</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35503B098F2E0008FFC5FC6D4E502225" box="[119,1896,1007,1028]" gridrow="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="371" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="768152758F2E0008FFC5FC6D488F2225" box="[119,439,1007,1028]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FFC5FC6D49862225" bold="true" box="[119,190,1007,1028]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">mental</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35503B098F2E0008FFC5FB9B4E502279" box="[119,1896,1049,1112]" gridrow="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
<th id="768152758F2E0008FFC5FB9B488F2279" box="[119,439,1049,1112]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FFC5FB98480B2279" bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">Infralabials contacting the first pair of chinshields</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="768152758F2E0008FE5FFB9B4A192279" box="[493,801,1049,1112]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FE5FFB9B4B2A220F" bold="true" box="[493,530,1049,1070]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">i–iv</emphasis>
(n=4 sides); i–v (n=2 sides)
</td>
<td id="768152758F2E0008FCE6FB9B4C2E2279" box="[852,1302,1049,1112]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
i–iii (n=1 side); i–iv (n=21 sides); 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FCE6FBC04A4B2276" bold="true" box="[852,883,1090,1111]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">i–v</emphasis>
(n=140 sides); i–vi (n=2 sides)
</td>
<td id="768152758F2E0008FA2CFB9B4E502279" box="[1438,1896,1049,1112]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FA2CFB9B4CFB220F" bold="true" box="[1438,1475,1049,1070]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">i–iv</emphasis>
(n=334 sides); i–v (n=244 sides); i–vi (n=2 sides)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35503B098F2E0008FFC5FBEF4E5022A2" box="[119,1896,1133,1155]" gridrow="4" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
<th id="768152758F2E0008FFC5FBEF488F22A2" box="[119,439,1133,1155]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FFC5FBEC48BE22A2" bold="true" box="[119,390,1134,1155]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">Infralabials contacting the</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="768152758F2E0008FE5FFBEF4A1922A2" box="[493,801,1133,1155]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FE5FFBEF4B2F22A3" bold="true" box="[493,535,1133,1154]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">iv–v</emphasis>
(n=4 sides); v (n=2 sides)
</td>
<td id="768152758F2E0008FCE6FBEF4C2E22A2" box="[852,1302,1133,1155]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">iii (n=1 side); iv (n=1 side); iv–v (n=20 sides);</td>
<td id="768152758F2E0008FA2CFBEF4E5022A2" box="[1438,1896,1133,1155]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
iv–v (n=12 sides); 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1F9E1FBEF4FBC22A3" bold="true" box="[1619,1668,1133,1154]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">iv–vi</emphasis>
(n=322 sides);
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35503B098F2E0008FFC5FB154E50228D" box="[119,1896,1175,1196]" gridrow="5" pageId="22" pageNumber="371" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="768152758F2E0008FFC5FB15488F228D" box="[119,439,1175,1196]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FFC5FB154846228D" bold="true" box="[119,382,1175,1196]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">second pair of chinshields</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="768152758F2E0008FCE6FB154C2E228D" box="[852,1302,1175,1196]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FCE6FB154A58228D" bold="true" box="[852,864,1175,1196]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">v</emphasis>
(n=134 sides); v–vi (n=8 sides)
</td>
<td id="768152758F2E0008FA2CFB154E50228D" box="[1438,1896,1175,1196]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">v–vi (n=240 sides); v–vii (n=4 sides);</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2EFFE1FE5FFA974E10230B" blockId="22.[119,1896,1216,1586]" box="[493,1832,1301,1322]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FE5FFA974B1D230B" bold="true" box="[493,549,1301,1322]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">v–viii</emphasis>
(n=4 sides) ** v–viii (n=4 sides); 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FBB8FA974D0D230B" bold="true" box="[1034,1077,1301,1322]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">v–ix</emphasis>
(n=143 sides); vi–viii (n=75 sides); 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1F9D5FA974FA0230B" bold="true" box="[1639,1688,1301,1322]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">vi–ix</emphasis>
(n=485 sides);
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2EFFE1FCE6FABC4FD22372" blockId="22.[119,1896,1216,1586]" box="[852,1770,1342,1363]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">v–x (n=6 sides); vi–ix (n=4 sides); vi–x (n=2 sides); vii–x (n=6 sides)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2EFFE1FCE6FAE54AC8235D" blockId="22.[119,1896,1216,1586]" box="[852,1008,1383,1404]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">vi–x (n=4 sides)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2EFFE1FFC5FA114D0F23D4" blockId="22.[119,1896,1216,1586]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FFC5FA11482D2389" bold="true" box="[119,277,1427,1448]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">Maxillary teeth</emphasis>
14–16 (mean =15; SD=1) 19–25 (mean =23; SD=1.05) 19–26 (mean =23; SD=1.21) Lehr 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FF77FA3D49C423F7" box="[197,252,1470,1494]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">et al.</emphasis>
(2004) cited 182 ventrals for MTKD 44669 (male), but this specimen is in poor condition (
<figureCitation id="135B25CE8F2EFFE1FB67FA3D4C1B23F7" box="[1237,1315,1471,1494]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1255,1277]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,328,1234]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[154,1429,312,1239]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 23. Four of the five paratypes of Drymoluber apurimacensis Lehr, Carrillo &amp; Hocking, 2004. A) FMNH 81542; B) MTKD 44669; C) MTKD 45192; D) MTKD 45193. Photos: Henrique C. Costa (A) and Barbara Bastian (B – D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249317/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
B), with at least three regions where the scale count is impaired; thus, we do not consider the countings of Lehr 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1FD68FA5C4A2823D4" box="[730,784,1501,1525]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">et al.</emphasis>
(2004) in the current work.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2EFFE1FF28FA7E49CE2013" blockId="22.[119,1896,1216,1586]" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">
We have no information concerning the contact between infralabials, chinshields and gulars for MHNSM 18647, which, according to Lehr 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2EFFE1F933FA7F4F802032" box="[1665,1720,1531,1556]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="371">et al.</emphasis>
(2004) has nine infralabials.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1F69C38F2FFFE0FF25FB214DD522D7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249310/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="372" targetBox="[153,1433,196,1165]" targetPageId="23">
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2FFFE0FF25FB214DD522D7" blockId="23.[151,1436,1187,1270]" pageId="23" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2FFFE0FF25FB2148192298" bold="true" box="[151,289,1187,1209]" pageId="23" pageNumber="372">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
Color in life of some juvenile specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F2FFFE0FD44FB214D562298" authority="Peters, 1863" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1863" box="[758,1134,1187,1209]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichrous">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2FFFE0FD44FB214AEA2298" box="[758,978,1187,1209]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="372">Drymoluber dichrous</emphasis>
(Peters, 1863)
</taxonomicName>
. A) 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2FFFE0FB2EFB264C0F2298" box="[1180,1335,1187,1209]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="372">Reserva Ducke</emphasis>
, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; B) 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2FFFE0FEC5FB414B2822F9" box="[375,528,1218,1240]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="372">Reserva Ducke</emphasis>
, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; C) 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F2FFFE0FCEAFB414AA822F9" box="[856,912,1219,1240]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Barra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Barra</taxonomicName>
do Choça, Bahia, Brazil; D) Ubajara, Ceará, Brazil. Photos: Rafael de Fraga (A), William Quatman (B), Marco Antônio de Freitas (C) and Daniel Loebmann (D).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2FFFE0FF75FA9C4BE520BE" blockId="23.[151,1436,1310,2011]" pageId="23" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2FFFE0FF75FA9C4B892316" bold="true" box="[199,689,1310,1335]" pageId="23" pageNumber="372">
Hemipenial morphology (n=17) (
<figureCitation id="135B25CE8F2FFFE0FDFFFA9C4B9B2316" box="[589,675,1310,1335]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1404,1426]" captionTargetBox="[341,1245,320,1388]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[339,1247,319,1390]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 17. Hemipenis of Drymoluber dichrous (FMNH 40206, La Pampa, Madre de Dios, Peru). A) Sulcate face; B) Asulcate face. Scale bar = 1 cm. Photos: Henrique C. Costa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249311/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="372">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Hemipenis single, subcylindrical, not capitate. Sulcus spermaticus single and centrolinear. Lobe about half of the hemipenis length, with papillate calyces (5–10 triangular papillae per calyx). Proximally, the calyces are gradually replaced by spinulate flounces and spines. Body covered by spines arranged in more or less transverse rows (about 60–70 spines in total). Walls of the sulcus spermaticus ornamented at least in the lobular region by jagged papillae (sometimes in small number), and some spinules. These walls are also bordered on both sides by a longitudinal row of 6–10 spines (mean 7; SD=1.22) increasing in size toward the proximal region. The spines from the left side may increase in size up to the middle of the row, and then decrease in size toward the proximal region. A hook is present at the end of each row of spines bordering the sulcus. Both left (n=11) and right (n=2) hooks can be located more proximally than the other hook, or reach the same position in the hemipenis base (n=4). None (n=8), or three to four small spines (n=7) or spinules (n=2) may be present between the left hook and the wall of the sulcus spermaticus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2FFFE0FF75F9284AA42172" blockId="23.[151,1436,1310,2011]" pageId="23" pageNumber="372">One (n=10) or two (n=2) lateral spines, larger than the hooks, may be present to the left of the sulcus spermaticus, or a single large lateral spine may be present on both sides of the sulcus (n=2). In some cases (n=3), lateral spines are smaller than the hooks. The asulcate face is formed by spines arranged in 5–7 more or less transverse rows (counted from proximal to distal region), with largest spines in the median rows. The base of the hemipenis is smooth, with some grooves and several sparse spinules.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F2FFFEFFF75F8DC4C352734" blockId="23.[151,1436,1310,2011]" lastBlockId="24.[151,1436,151,277]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="373" pageId="23" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F2FFFE0FF75F8DC48792156" bold="true" box="[199,321,1886,1911]" pageId="23" pageNumber="372">Variation:</emphasis>
Largest male with SVL 
<quantity id="4C9894AE8F2FFFE0FDECF8DC4BF52157" box="[606,717,1886,1911]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="23" pageNumber="372" unit="mm" value="1050.0">1050 mm</quantity>
, TL 340+N mm (MPEG 17235); largest female with SVL 
<quantity id="4C9894AE8F2FFFE0FAC0F8DD49FD21B6" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.01" pageId="23" pageNumber="372" unit="mm" value="801.0">801 mm</quantity>
, TL 89+N mm (IBSP 2198). Seventy seven (77) examined specimens (26.5%) had broken tail. The tail of 54 of those specimens (18.5% of the total examined) was healed, suggesting that the breakage did not occur during collection or preservation, and is evidence of the presence of pseudoautotomy in this species, a defensive behavior already recorded in several other Neotropical 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F20FFEFFD24FF154A2D2691" box="[662,789,151,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Colubrinae">Colubrinae</taxonomicName>
, including 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F20FFEFFC23FF154D032691" box="[913,1083,151,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Dendrophidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F20FFEFFC23FF154D032691" box="[913,1083,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="373">Dendrophidion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F20FFEFFBFBFF154DFD2691" box="[1097,1221,151,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F20FFEFFBFBFF154DFD2691" box="[1097,1221,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="373">Drymobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F20FFEFFB61FF154C552691" box="[1235,1389,151,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Mastigodryas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F20FFEFFB61FF154C552691" box="[1235,1389,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="373">Mastigodryas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F20FFEFFF25FF3B485826F3" box="[151,352,185,210]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Scaphiodontophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F20FFEFFF25FF3B485826F3" box="[151,352,185,210]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="373">Scaphiodontophis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Mendelson 
<date id="FFDE1F8B8F20FFEFFE45FF384B6126F0" box="[503,601,185,209]" pageId="24" pageNumber="373" value="1992-03">III 1992</date>
; Slowinski &amp; Savage 1995; Prudente 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F20FFEFFBBFFF384D7026F3" box="[1037,1096,185,210]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="373">et al.</emphasis>
2007; Leite 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F20FFEFFB6EFF384C2E26F3" box="[1244,1302,185,210]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="373">et al.</emphasis>
2009). Tail length of specimens with complete tail is 25.9–48.4% of the SVL in males (mean 40.6%; SD=3.18; n=122) and 35.4–65.3% in females (mean 41%; SD=3.75; n=89). For variation in meristic characters, see 
<tableCitation id="C6E20CF08F20FFEFFB06FF7E4C312734" box="[1204,1289,252,277]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="21.[125,215,498,521]" captionText="TABLE 5. Summary of geographic distribution and morphological variation of the three species of Drymoluber Amaral, 1930. Most common (over 50 % of frequency) character states are represented in bold." pageId="24" pageNumber="373">Table 5</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1F69C38F20FFEFFF25FAFE4BC02390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249311/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="373" targetBox="[341,1245,320,1388]" targetPageId="24">
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F20FFEFFF25FAFE4BC02390" blockId="24.[151,1436,1404,1457]" pageId="24" pageNumber="373">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F20FFEFFF25FAFE481C23B3" bold="true" box="[151,292,1404,1426]" pageId="24" pageNumber="373">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
Hemipenis of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F20FFEFFE74FAFE4B9C23B3" box="[454,676,1404,1426]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichrous">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F20FFEFFE74FAFE4B9C23B3" box="[454,676,1404,1426]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="373">Drymoluber dichrous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(FMNH 40206, La Pampa, Madre de Dios, Peru). A) Sulcate face; B) Asulcate face. Scale bar = 1 cm. Photos: Henrique C. Costa.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F20FFEFFF75FA5F4BB420D3" blockId="24.[151,1436,1501,2030]" pageId="24" pageNumber="373">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F20FFEFFF75FA5F48CC23D7" bold="true" box="[199,500,1501,1526]" pageId="24" pageNumber="373">Geographic distribution:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F20FFEFFE4FFA5F4BC923D7" box="[509,753,1501,1526]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichrous">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F20FFEFFE4FFA5F4BC923D7" box="[509,753,1501,1526]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="373">Drymoluber dichrous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabits the eastern portion of the Andean mountain range (
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F20FFEFFF2CF98049EB203B" box="[158,211,1538,1562]" name="Peru" pageId="24" pageNumber="373">Peru</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F20FFEFFEA7F980484F203A" box="[277,375,1538,1563]" name="Ecuador" pageId="24" pageNumber="373">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
), the Amazonia and 
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F20FFEFFDC0F9804BFB203A" box="[626,707,1538,1563]" name="Guyana" pageId="24" pageNumber="373">Guiana</collectingCountry>
Shield (
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F20FFEFFC99F9804AB9203A" box="[811,897,1538,1563]" name="Bolivia" pageId="24" pageNumber="373">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F20FFEFFC20F9814AF0203B" box="[914,968,1539,1562]" name="Peru" pageId="24" pageNumber="373">Peru</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F20FFEFFC6BF9804D00203A" box="[985,1080,1538,1563]" name="Ecuador" pageId="24" pageNumber="373">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F20FFEFFBFAF9804D81203A" box="[1096,1209,1538,1563]" name="Colombia" pageId="24" pageNumber="373">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F20FFEFFB78F9804C78203A" box="[1226,1344,1538,1563]" name="Venezuela" pageId="24" pageNumber="373">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F20FFEFFAE2F9804CAF203A" box="[1360,1431,1538,1563]" name="Brazil" pageId="24" pageNumber="373">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F20FFEFFF25F9A449C9201F" box="[151,241,1574,1598]" name="Guyana" pageId="24" pageNumber="373">Guyana</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F20FFEFFF4EF9A7485F201F" box="[252,359,1573,1598]" name="Suriname" pageId="24" pageNumber="373">Suriname</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F20FFEFFE2DF9A74B72201F" box="[415,586,1573,1598]" name="French Guiana" pageId="24" pageNumber="373">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
), and the Atlantic Forest and its transitional areas with the Caatinga (
<emphasis id="B914E5598F20FFEFFAE5F9A748212042" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="373">brejos nordestinos</emphasis>
) and Cerrado domains (
<figureCitation id="135B25CE8F20FFEFFD9DF9C84BBD2043" box="[559,645,1610,1635]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1764,1786]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,625,1738]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,621,1742]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 12. Geographical distribution of Drymoluber Amaral, 1930. Black symbols represent localities with specimens examined, and white symbols represent literature records. Circles = Drymoluber dichrous (Peters, 1863); Triangles = Drymoluber brazili (Gomes, 1918); Lozenges = Drymoluber apurimacensis Lehr, Carrillo &amp; Hocking, 2004. Tropical and subtropical moist forests; Tropical and subtropical savannas; Deserts and xeric formations; Mangroves; Floodplains;" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249307/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="373">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
; Appendices II and III). The Andes of 
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F20FFEFFBF5F9C84D8D2042" box="[1095,1205,1610,1635]" name="Colombia" pageId="24" pageNumber="373">Colombia</collectingCountry>
and the Venezuelan Llanos may limit the northward expansion of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F20FFEFFD29F9ED4A2620A7" box="[667,798,1645,1670]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichrous">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F20FFEFFD29F9ED4A2620A7" box="[667,798,1645,1670]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="373">D. dichrous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while the transition from tropical to subtropical climate below the Tropic of Capricorn may act as a southern barrier. The Andes may also limit its western distribution, while in the east the species reaches the coast. The elevational distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F20FFEFFB81F9354D8220EF" box="[1075,1210,1717,1742]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichrous">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F20FFEFFB81F9354D8220EF" box="[1075,1210,1717,1742]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="373">D. dichrous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is extremely wide, varying from sea level to about 3500 meters.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F20FFEFFF75F97F48D521EB" blockId="24.[151,1436,1501,2030]" pageId="24" pageNumber="373">
The absence of morphological characters distinguishing the Amazonian and Atlantic Forest populations of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F20FFEFFF25F8A048B4211A" box="[151,396,1826,1851]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichrous">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F20FFEFFF25F8A048B4211A" box="[151,396,1826,1851]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="373">Drymoluber dichrous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be due to genetic continuity maintained until the Pleistocene, when both forested regions were in contact; today this past area of contact is located in the Caatinga (Vanzolini 1981; Rodrigues 1990; Costa 2003) and part of the Cerrado (Ledru 1993; Costa 2003). Future phylogenetic analyses can help solving the issue concerning where was the bridge between the Amazonia and the Atlanctic Forest that maintained the genetic flux of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F20FFEFFF5BF831485521EA" box="[233,365,1970,1995]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichrous">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F20FFEFFF5BF831485521EA" box="[233,365,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="373">D. dichrous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the past.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F20FFEEFF75F85748D82489" blockId="24.[151,1436,1501,2030]" lastBlockId="25.[151,1436,151,1472]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="374" pageId="24" pageNumber="373">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F20FFEFFF75F85748B221CF" bold="true" box="[199,394,2005,2030]" pageId="24" pageNumber="373">Natural history:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F20FFEFFE20F8574BBC21CF" box="[402,644,2005,2030]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichrous">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F20FFEFFE20F8574BBC21CF" box="[402,644,2005,2030]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="373">Drymoluber dichrous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabits mainly forests with additional records from natural savannas and environments with a relative degree of anthropization (
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F21FFEEFC87FF154AB82691" box="[821,896,151,176]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">Cunha</collectingCountry>
&amp; Nascimento 1978; Martins &amp; Oliveira 1998; Argôlo 2004a; 
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F21FFEEFEF9FF3F48AF26F5" box="[331,407,189,212]" name="France" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">França</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFE16FF3F48DA26F4" box="[420,482,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">et al.</emphasis>
2006). 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F21FFEEFDF6FF3E4A0226F4" box="[580,826,188,213]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichrous">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFDF6FF3E4A0226F4" box="[580,826,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">Drymoluber dichrous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is diurnal, forages on the ground and rests on the vegetation at night (
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F21FFEEFEC4FF5D48F926D9" box="[374,449,223,248]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">Cunha</collectingCountry>
&amp; Nascimento 1978; Martins &amp; Oliveira 1998). Its diet seems to be represented mainly by terrestrial anurans and lizards (including their eggs), but also snakes (even cospecifics). The following taxa were recorded as prey of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F21FFEEFE3FFEAB4B2E2761" box="[397,534,295,320]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichrous">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFE3FFEAB4B2E2761" box="[397,534,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">D. dichrous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F21FFEEFD99FEA54AB82761" box="[555,896,295,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Adelophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maranguapensis">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFD99FEA54AB82761" box="[555,896,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">Adelophryne maranguapensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F21FFEEFC26FEA54ACE2761" box="[916,1014,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Alobates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFC26FEA54ACE2761" box="[916,1014,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">Alobates</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
aff. 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFB84FEA54DE92761" box="[1078,1233,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">marchesianus</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F21FFEEFB56FEA54CA32761" box="[1252,1435,295,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Anomaloglossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFB56FEA54CA32761" box="[1252,1435,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">Anomaloglossus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F21FFEEFF02FECE480C2744" box="[176,308,332,357]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFF02FECE480C2744" box="[176,308,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">Colostethus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) sp., 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F21FFEEFE34FECE4B892745" box="[390,689,332,357]" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Ischnocnema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ramagii">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFE34FECE4B222744" box="[390,538,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">Ischnocnema</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFDEAFECF4B892745" box="[600,689,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">ramagii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F21FFEEFD7AFECE4A5D2744" box="[712,869,332,357]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFD7AFECE4A5D2744" box="[712,869,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">Leptodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F21FFEEFC1FFECF4D092744" box="[941,1073,332,357]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="didymus">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFC1FFECF4D092744" box="[941,1073,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">L. didymus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F21FFEEFBCEFECE4C282744" box="[1148,1296,332,357]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFBCEFECE4C282744" box="[1148,1296,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">Physalaemus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gr. 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFAFCFECF4CA42745" box="[1358,1436,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">cuvieri</emphasis>
(Anurans); 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFEA9FEF248F427A9" box="[283,460,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">Ameiva ameiva</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F21FFEEFE6FFEED4BF927A9" box="[477,705,367,392]" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscoauratus">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFE6FFEED4BF927A9" box="[477,705,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">Anolis fuscoauratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F21FFEEFD61FEED4AEC27A9" box="[723,980,367,392]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Arthrosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reticulata">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFD61FEED4AEC27A9" box="[723,980,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">Arthrosaura reticulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F21FFEEFC54FEF24DCF27A9" box="[998,1271,368,392]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eigenmanni">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFC54FEF24DCF27A9" box="[998,1271,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">Cercosaura eigenmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFABBFEF24CAD27A9" box="[1289,1429,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">Ce. ocellata</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F21FFEEFF25FE1648E9278C" box="[151,465,404,429]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Coleodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFF25FE1648E9278C" box="[151,465,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">Coleodactylus meridionalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F21FFEEFE57FE164A21278D" box="[485,793,404,429]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Colobosauroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cearensis">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFE57FE164A21278D" box="[485,793,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">Colobosauroides cearensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F21FFEEFC9FFE164D26278C" box="[813,1054,404,429]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hasemani">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFC9FFE164D26278C" box="[813,1054,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">Gonatodes hasemani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F21FFEEFB81FE174DE1278C" box="[1075,1241,404,429]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="humeralis">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFB81FE174DE1278C" box="[1075,1241,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">Go. humeralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F21FFEEFB5EFE164CAC278C" box="[1260,1428,404,429]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Iphisa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFB5EFE164CAC278C" box="[1260,1428,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">Iphisa elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F21FFEEFF25FE3B48BE27F1" box="[151,390,439,464]" class="Reptilia" family="Teiidae" genus="Kentropyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calcarata">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFF25FE3B48BE27F1" box="[151,390,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">Kentropyx calcarata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F21FFEEFE2CFE3B4B8027F1" box="[414,696,441,464]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Leposoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="percarinatum">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFE2CFE3B4B8027F1" box="[414,696,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">Leposoma percarinatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFD62FE3B4AB027F1" box="[720,904,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">Le. baturitensis</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F21FFEEFC2DFE3B4D9E27F1" box="[927,1190,439,464]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Neusticurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ecpleopus">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFC2DFE3B4D9E27F1" box="[927,1190,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">Neusticurus ecpleopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F21FFEEFB5DFE354C5327F1" box="[1263,1387,439,464]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Placosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFB5DFE354C5327F1" box="[1263,1387,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">Placosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (Lizards); 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F21FFEEFEA2FE5E484A27D4" box="[272,370,476,501]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oxybelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFEA2FE5E484A27D4" box="[272,370,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">Oxybelis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F21FFEEFE68FE5E4AB927D4" authority="Snakes" authorityName="Snakes" box="[474,897,476,501]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Thamnodynastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hypoconia">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFE68FE5E4A2D27D4" box="[474,789,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">Thamnodynastes hypoconia</emphasis>
(Snakes)
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F21FFEEFC21FE5E4AE627D4" box="[915,990,476,501]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">Cunha</collectingCountry>
&amp; Nascimento 1978; Duellman 1978, 2005; Dixon &amp; Soini 1986; Avila-Pires 1995; Martins &amp; Oliveira 1998; Vitt 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFBB5FD834D792439" box="[1031,1089,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">et al.</emphasis>
2000; Borges-Nojosa &amp; Lima 2001; Pinto 2006; Bernarde &amp; Abe 2010; Veríssimo 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFD43FDA74A13241C" box="[753,811,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">et al.</emphasis>
2012). During the present study, three newborns of an opossum species (
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F21FFEEFEDFFDC548C12441" box="[365,505,583,608]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Didelphidae</taxonomicName>
) and the remains of an amphisbaenian (
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F21FFEEFC50FDC54D9A2441" box="[994,1186,583,608]" class="Reptilia" family="Amphisbaenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Amphisbaenidae</taxonomicName>
) where found in the stomach of a previously dissected specimen (MPEG 2670, male, 
<quantity id="4C9894AE8F21FFEEFCC8FDEE4AE124A5" box="[890,985,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" unit="mm" value="920.0">920 mm</quantity>
SVL). These food items constitute new registers for the species’ diet.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F21FFEEFF75FD3648FE25A1" blockId="25.[151,1436,151,1472]" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">
Information about reproduction in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F21FFEEFDE3FD374BED24EC" box="[593,725,692,717]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichrous">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFDE3FD374BED24EC" box="[593,725,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">D. dichrous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is scarce and restricted to Amazonian specimens. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F21FFEEFAA1FD3649C024D1" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichrous">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFAA1FD3649C024D1" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">Drymoluber dichrous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is oviparous and there are reports of 2– 
<specimenCount id="9D66F2C28F21FFEEFD77FD554BEA24D1" box="[709,722,727,752]" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" type="egg">6</specimenCount>
eggs per clutch (Fitch 1970; Martins &amp; Oliveira 1998). Three females examined in this study had four (MPEG 10832, MPEG 16551, MPEG 19007) and one (MPEG 20330) had five eggs. This information, together with other literature records, indicates an average of four eggs per clutch. The reproductive season in Amazonia seems to be prolonged throughout the year, according data from Fitch (1970) and Martins &amp; Oliveira (1998).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F21FFEEFF75FC0E4C3B2231" blockId="25.[151,1436,151,1472]" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F21FFEEFF75FC0E48862584" box="[199,446,908,933]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichrous">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFF75FC0E48862584" box="[199,446,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">Drymoluber dichrous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has several defensive behaviors. When handled, individuals will rotate their body, vibrate their tail and occasionally bite (Martins &amp; Oliveira 1998). Martins 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFC44FC334D0A25E9" box="[1014,1074,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">et al.</emphasis>
(2008) observed three 
<typeStatus id="54DB87E98F21FFEEFAF2FC324C4325E9" box="[1344,1403,944,968]" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">types</typeStatus>
of defensive behaviors directed to visually oriented predators: crypsis, head elevation and neck S-coil. Brodie III &amp; Brodie Jr. (2004) suggested that young cross-banded specimens might mimic coralsnakes (
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F21FFEEFB3CFC754DCF2231" box="[1166,1271,1015,1040]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Elapidae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F21FFEEFF75FB9E4A9B2281" blockId="25.[151,1436,151,1472]" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">
<collectingCountry id="F37779DB8F21FFEEFF75FB9E49DE2215" box="[199,230,1052,1076]" name="American Samoa" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">As</collectingCountry>
mentioned above, the long tail of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F21FFEEFDD4FB9F4BD12214" box="[614,745,1052,1077]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichrous">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFDD4FB9F4BD12214" box="[614,745,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">D. dichrous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(mean 40.6% of the SVL in males and 41% in females), with a tail breakage ratio of 18.5% (considering only those specimens where breakage occurred before collection) is evidence of the defensive behavior known as pseudoautotomy (Slowinski &amp; Savage 1995). This defensive behavior may explain the long tail in this primarily terrestrial species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F21FFEEFF75FB2E4DBC2311" blockId="25.[151,1436,151,1472]" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">
The presence of sexual dimorphism in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F21FFEEFD31FB2F4A3022E4" box="[643,776,1196,1221]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichrous">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFD31FB2F4A3022E4" box="[643,776,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">D. dichrous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with males larger than females, was already observed by Fitch (1981). The longer tail of males of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F21FFEEFDCCFB534A3D22C9" box="[638,773,1231,1256]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichrous">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFDCCFB534A3D22C9" box="[638,773,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">D. dichrous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(mean 
<quantity id="4C9894AE8F21FFEEFCD2FB524AFA22C9" box="[864,962,1232,1256]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.77" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" unit="mm" value="277.0">277 mm</quantity>
) related to females (mean 
<quantity id="4C9894AE8F21FFEEFB4CFB4D4C5822C9" box="[1278,1376,1231,1256]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.53" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" unit="mm" value="253.0">253 mm</quantity>
) is a common character in snakes (Shine 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFD83FB774B52232C" box="[561,618,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">et al.</emphasis>
1999; Pizzatto 
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFCA9FB774A6C232C" box="[795,852,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">et al.</emphasis>
2007). Future research on the reproductive biology of the species would provide more information and a better understanding of these topics.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A6AC08F21FFEEFF75FABE4A2923E1" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BDF394B8F21FFEEFF75FABE4A2923E1" blockId="25.[151,1436,151,1472]" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFF75FABE48692374" bold="true" box="[199,337,1340,1365]" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">Etymology:</emphasis>
Peters (1863) did not comment on the reasons that led him to choose the name 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F21FFEEFB42FABE4C7E2374" box="[1264,1350,1340,1365]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Herpetodryas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichroa">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFB42FABE4C7E2374" box="[1264,1350,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">dichroa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the species he described. The words 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F21FFEEFDA9FADD4B492359" box="[539,625,1375,1400]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Herpetodryas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichroa">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFDA9FADD4B492359" box="[539,625,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">dichroa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="4C6042C88F21FFEEFD3DFADD4BC82359" box="[655,752,1375,1400]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Drymoluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dichrous">
<emphasis id="B914E5598F21FFEEFD3DFADD4BC82359" box="[655,752,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="374">dichrous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comes from the ancient Greek, meaning “two-colored” or “two-skins”, and we suggest that the name may be an allusion to the contrasting color of adult specimens, which dorsum is dark colored, while the venter is light colored.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>