treatments-xml/data/03/C8/24/03C8247ED01BFF95FF62FF3AFB962E80.xml
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<document id="6E3F1C065A503AFD9C5823840F78B4E3" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3171.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5247704" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629760625430" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Calder, Dale R." docDate="2012" docId="03C8247ED01BFF95FF62FF3AFB962E80" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03171p077.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3171 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3171.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Racemoramus panicula Calder 2012, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="26" masterDocId="FFF15C06D002FF8CFFF5FFADFF902B0F" masterDocTitle="On a collection of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Hydroidolina) from the west coast of Sweden, with a checklist of species from the region 3171" masterLastPageNumber="77" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="26" updateTime="1699108100581" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="FFE268121D3065B885FC86D63F5EFAD3">On a collection of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Hydroidolina) from the west coast of Sweden, with a checklist of species from the region 3171</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D054B3EED39ABE557336A693ED4B7B54">Calder, Dale R.</mods:namePart>
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<heading id="D0962204D01BFF95FF62FF3AFCB62BBE" bold="true" box="[151,806,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B915497AD01BFF95FF62FF3AFCB62BBE" bold="true" box="[151,806,151,177]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD01BFF95FF62FF3AFD022BBE" authority="(G. O. Sars, 1874)" authorityName="Calder" authorityYear="2012" baseAuthorityName="G. O. Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[151,658,151,177]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Racemoramus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="panicula" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B915497AD01BFF95FF62FF3AFE262BBE" bold="true" box="[151,438,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Racemoramus panicula</emphasis>
(G.O.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D01BFF95FDF2FF3AFD1A2BBE" author="Sars, G. O." box="[519,650,151,177]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="91 - 150" refId="ref65474" refString="Sars, G. O. (1874) Bidrag til kundskaben om norges hydroider. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania, 1873, 91 - 150." type="journal article" year="1874">Sars, 1874</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A226F401D01BFF95FD55FF3AFCB62BBE" box="[672,806,151,177]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE9568D01BFF95FF62FF17FF762BDD" blockId="25.[151,806,151,210]" box="[151,230,186,210]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 24</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BDE9568D01BFF95FF62FEAFFD432A38" blockId="25.[151,1436,258,311]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC0B379D01BFF95FF62FEAFFDF82A17" author="Sars, G. O." box="[151,616,258,280]" page="121" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1874">
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD01BFF95FF62FEAFFDF82A17" authority="G. O. Sars, 1874: 121" authorityName="G. O. Sars" authorityPageNumber="121" authorityYear="1874" box="[151,616,258,280]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="panicula">
<emphasis id="B915497AD01BFF95FF62FEAFFE122A17" box="[151,386,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Campanulina panicula</emphasis>
G.O.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D01BFF95FE37FEAFFDF82A17" author="Sars, G. O." box="[450,616,258,280]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="91 - 150" refId="ref65474" refString="Sars, G. O. (1874) Bidrag til kundskaben om norges hydroider. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania, 1873, 91 - 150." type="journal article" year="1874">Sars, 1874: 121</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 5, figs. 913.—
<treatmentCitation id="0AC0B379D01BFF95FCCCFEAFFC722A17" author="Kramp, P. L." box="[825,994,258,280]" page="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1941">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D01BFF95FCCCFEAFFC722A17" author="Kramp, P. L." box="[825,994,258,280]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref60772" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1941) Notes on the hydroid Campanulina panicula G. O. Sars. Goteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps- och Vitterhets- Samhalles Handlingar, sjatte foljden, Series B, 1 (2), 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1941">Kramp, 1941: 4</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 5.—
<treatmentCitation id="0AC0B379D01BFF95FBB3FEAFFAAD2A17" author="Rees, W. J. &amp; Rowe, M." box="[1094,1341,258,280]" page="17" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1969">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D01BFF95FBB3FEAFFAAD2A17" author="Rees, W. J. &amp; Rowe, M." box="[1094,1341,258,280]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref64992" refString="Rees, W. J. &amp; Rowe, M. (1969) Hydroids of the Swedish west coast. Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum et Litterarum Gothobergensis, Zoologica, 3: 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1969">Rees &amp; Rowe 1969: 17</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0AC0B379D01BFF95FAAEFEAFFEF92A38" author="Jagerskiold, L. A." page="61" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1971">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D01BFF95FAAEFEAFFEF92A38" author="Jagerskiold, L. A." pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 146" refId="ref60199" refString="Jagerskiold, L. A. (1971) A survey of the marine benthonic macro-fauna along the Swedish west coast 1921 - 1938. Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum et Litterarum Gothobergensis, Zoologica, 6, 1 - 146." type="journal article" year="1971">Jägerskiöld, 1971: 61</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0AC0B379D01BFF95FE7DFE8CFDFD2A38" author="Cornelius, P. F. S." box="[392,621,289,311]" page="192" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D01BFF95FE7DFE8CFDFD2A38" author="Cornelius, P. F. S." box="[392,621,289,311]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref57477" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1995 a) North-west European thecate hydroids and their medusae. Part 1. Introduction, Laodiceidae to Haleciidae. Synopses of the British Fauna, n. s., 50, 347 pp." type="book" year="1995">Cornelius, 1995a: 192</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 43D.
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</paragraph>
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<materialsCitation id="3B099F35D01BFF95FF62FEC9FB822A73" box="[151,1042,355,380]" country="Norway" elevation="100" location="Oslofjord" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54DA2BCAD01BFF95FF62FEC9FF422A73" box="[151,210,356,380]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F376D5F8D01BFF95FEC9FEC9FE0A2A73" box="[316,410,356,380]" name="Norway" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Norway</collectingCountry>
:
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, 5060 fm (
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<elevation id="004C725BD01BFF95FD6CFEC9FC9B2A73" box="[665,779,356,380]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.005" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.9099999999999999" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="100.5" valueMax="110.0" valueMin="91.0">91110 m</elevation>
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) (G.O.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D01BFF95FCABFEC9FB992A73" author="Sars, G. O." box="[862,1033,356,380]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="91 - 150" refId="ref65474" refString="Sars, G. O. (1874) Bidrag til kundskaben om norges hydroider. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania, 1873, 91 - 150." type="journal article" year="1874">Sars 1874: 121</bibRefCitation>
)
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.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B915497AD01BFF95FF32FE25FE362AAF" bold="true" box="[199,422,391,416]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" reason="1">Museum material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B099F35D01BFF95FE47FE2AFA0C2A90" box="[434,1436,391,415]" collectingDate="2010-09-09" collectionCode="R, V" elevation="25" latitude="58.884884" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="11.094466" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" specimenCount="1">
Kosterhavet,
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,
<geoCoordinate id="EE55F3AFD01BFF95FD05FE2AFC102A90" box="[752,896,391,415]" degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="05.668" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" precision="1" value="11.094466">11°05.668E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4C99388DD01BFF95FC65FE2AFC692A90" box="[912,1017,391,415]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="25.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="20.0">
<elevation id="004C725BD01BFF95FC65FE2AFC692A90" box="[912,1017,391,415]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="25.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="20.0">2030 m</elevation>
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,
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<collectingDate id="EF9B4A40D01BFF95FBFCFE2AFB132A90" box="[1033,1155,391,415]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="2010-09-09">09.ix.2010</collectingDate>
</date>
, biological dredge,
<collectionCode id="ED700DADD01BFF95FA98FE2AFAEF2A90" box="[1389,1407,391,415]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">R</collectionCode>
/
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</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B099F35D01BFF95FF62FE00FD382AE8" collectionCode="ROMIZ" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" specimenCode="B3916" specimenCount="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD01BFF95FF62FE00FF752ACB" box="[151,229,429,452]" genus="Nereus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B915497AD01BFF95FF62FE00FF752ACB" box="[151,229,429,452]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Nereus</emphasis>
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, two colonies or colony fragments, each with many hydrocauli, up to 3.8 cm high, on polychaete tubes and ascidians, without gonophores,
<collectionCode id="ED700DADD01BFF95FE0CFE62FDC32AE8" box="[505,595,463,487]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBC73D13D01BFF95FDAFFE62FD382AE8" box="[602,680,463,487]" collectionCode="ROMIZ" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">B3916</specimenCode>
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37BC6E3D01BFF95FF32FE59FB962E80" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDE9568D01BFF95FF32FE59FECC29B0" blockId="25.[151,1437,355,1424]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B915497AD01BFF95FF32FE59FEAB2903" bold="true" box="[199,315,500,524]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" reason="1">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D01BFF95FEB6FE59FE732903" author="Kramp, P. L." box="[323,483,500,524]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref60772" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1941) Notes on the hydroid Campanulina panicula G. O. Sars. Goteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps- och Vitterhets- Samhalles Handlingar, sjatte foljden, Series B, 1 (2), 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1941">Kramp (1941)</bibRefCitation>
provided a thorough description of
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD01BFF95FC8AFE59FAC42903" authority="(G. O. Sars, 1874)" baseAuthorityName="G. O. Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[895,1364,500,524]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Opercularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="panicula">
<emphasis id="B915497AD01BFF95FC8AFE59FB162903" box="[895,1158,500,524]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Opercularella panicula</emphasis>
(G.O.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D01BFF95FB26FE59FADC2903" author="Sars, G. O." box="[1235,1356,500,524]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="91 - 150" refId="ref65474" refString="Sars, G. O. (1874) Bidrag til kundskaben om norges hydroider. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania, 1873, 91 - 150." type="journal article" year="1874">Sars, 1874</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
based on specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F376D5F8D01BFF95FE80FDB5FE5F293F" box="[373,463,536,560]" name="Norway" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Norway</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F376D5F8D01BFF95FDF3FDBAFDF12920" box="[518,609,535,559]" name="Sweden" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Sweden</collectingCountry>
, and remarked on its similarity to
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD01BFF95FC10FDB5FA0C2920" authority="Clarke, 1907" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1907" box="[997,1436,535,560]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="denticulata">
<emphasis id="B915497AD01BFF95FC10FDB5FA93293F" box="[997,1283,536,560]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Campanulina denticulata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D01BFF95FAFFFDBAFA0C2920" author="Clarke, S. F." box="[1290,1436,535,559]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref56898" refString="Clarke, S. F. (1907) Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer &quot; Albatross, &quot; from October, 1904, to March, 1905, Lieut. - Commander L. M. Garrett, U. S. N., commanding. VIII. The hydroids. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 35 (1), 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1907">Clarke, 1907</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from deep waters of the eastern tropical Pacific (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D01BFF95FD3AFD91FCCE295B" author="Clarke, S. F." box="[719,862,572,596]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref56898" refString="Clarke, S. F. (1907) Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer &quot; Albatross, &quot; from October, 1904, to March, 1905, Lieut. - Commander L. M. Garrett, U. S. N., commanding. VIII. The hydroids. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 35 (1), 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1907">Clarke 1907</bibRefCitation>
) and Sagami Bay,
<collectingCountry id="F376D5F8D01BFF95FBC8FD91FBED295C" box="[1085,1149,572,595]" name="Japan" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D01BFF95FB7AFD91FAA6295B" author="Stechow, E." box="[1167,1334,572,596]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref66337" refString="Stechow, E. (1913) Hydroidpolypen der japanischen Ostkuste. II. Teil: Campanularidae, Halecidae, Lafoeidae, Campanulinidae und Sertularidae, nebst Erganzungen zu den Athecata und Plumularidae. Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der Koniglichen Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 3, Supplement-Band 2, 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1913">Stechow 1913</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D01BFF95FAB8FD91FF712978" author="Leloup, E." pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref61372" refString="Leloup, E. (1974) Hydropolypes calyptoblastiques du Chili. Report No. 48 of the Lund University Chile Expedition 1948 - 1949. Sarsia, 55, 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="1974">Leloup (1974)</bibRefCitation>
discounted seeming differences between the two as ecologically induced and regarded them as conspecific.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D01BFF95FF62FD29FEDB2993" author="Vervoort, W." box="[151,331,644,668]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="97 - 174" refId="ref67349" refString="Vervoort, W. (1966) Bathyal and abyssal hydroids. Galathea Report, 8, 97 - 174." type="journal article" year="1966">Vervoort (1966)</bibRefCitation>
referred
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD01BFF95FE46FD29FCD22993" authority="Fraser, 1948" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1948" box="[435,834,644,668]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indivisa">
<emphasis id="B915497AD01BFF95FE46FD29FD3C2993" box="[435,684,644,668]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Campanulina indivisa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D01BFF95FD41FD29FCD22993" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[692,834,644,668]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="179 - 343" refId="ref58754" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1948) Hydroids of the Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions since March, 1938. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 4 (5), 179 - 343." type="journal article" year="1948">Fraser, 1948</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, from bathyal depths off California, to the synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD01BFF95FF40FD05FEC529CF" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1907" box="[181,341,680,704]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="denticulata">
<emphasis id="B915497AD01BFF95FF40FD05FEC529CF" box="[181,341,680,704]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">O. denticulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE9568D01BFF95FF32FD61FCE62F44" blockId="25.[151,1437,355,1424]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
Subsequent authors have mostly agreed that these are all synonyms. Nevertheless, their combined range is so extensive that it raises doubts whether a single species is represented. In addition to records in the eastern Atlantic (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D01BFF95FF2CFCB9FE062823" author="Cornelius, P. F. S." box="[217,406,788,812]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref57477" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1995 a) North-west European thecate hydroids and their medusae. Part 1. Introduction, Laodiceidae to Haleciidae. Synopses of the British Fauna, n. s., 50, 347 pp." type="book" year="1995">Cornelius 1995a</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD01BFF95FE30FCB9FD592823" authorityName="G. O. Sars" authorityYear="1874" box="[453,713,788,812]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="panicula">
<emphasis id="B915497AD01BFF95FE30FCB9FD592823" box="[453,713,788,812]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Campanulina panicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), similar hydroids have been reported from deep waters in the western Pacific (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D01BFF95FEA7FC9AFE662840" author="Stechow, E." box="[338,502,823,847]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref66337" refString="Stechow, E. (1913) Hydroidpolypen der japanischen Ostkuste. II. Teil: Campanularidae, Halecidae, Lafoeidae, Campanulinidae und Sertularidae, nebst Erganzungen zu den Athecata und Plumularidae. Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der Koniglichen Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 3, Supplement-Band 2, 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1913">Stechow 1913</bibRefCitation>
: as
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD01BFF95FDEAFC95FCAD285F" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1907" box="[543,829,824,848]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="denticulata">
<emphasis id="B915497AD01BFF95FDEAFC95FCAD285F" box="[543,829,824,848]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Campanulina denticulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D01BFF95FCB9FC9AFC7E2840" author="Hirohito, The Showa Emperor" box="[844,1006,823,847]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref59826" refString="Hirohito, The Showa Emperor (1995) The hydroids of Sagami Bay. Part II. Thecata. Biological Laboratory, Imperial House- hold, Tokyo, Japan, 355 pp." type="book" year="1995">Hirohito 1995</bibRefCitation>
: as
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD01BFF95FBE2FC95FA8D285F" baseAuthorityName="G. O. Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[1047,1309,824,848]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Opercularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="panicula">
<emphasis id="B915497AD01BFF95FBE2FC95FA8D285F" box="[1047,1309,824,848]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Opercularella panicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D01BFF95FAD9FC9AFF43287B" author="Schuchert, P." pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="137 - 256" refId="ref65817" refString="Schuchert, P. (2003) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Danish expedition to the Kei Islands. Steenstrupia, 27, 137 - 256." type="journal article" year="2003">Schuchert 2003</bibRefCitation>
: as
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD01BFF95FEF5FCF1FD93287B" authorityName="G. O. Sars" authorityYear="1874" box="[256,515,860,884]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="panicula">
<emphasis id="B915497AD01BFF95FEF5FCF1FD93287B" box="[256,515,860,884]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Campanulina panicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the eastern Pacific (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D01BFF95FD0BFCF1FC00287B" author="Clarke, S. F." box="[766,912,860,884]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref56898" refString="Clarke, S. F. (1907) Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer &quot; Albatross, &quot; from October, 1904, to March, 1905, Lieut. - Commander L. M. Garrett, U. S. N., commanding. VIII. The hydroids. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 35 (1), 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1907">Clarke 1907</bibRefCitation>
: as
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD01BFF95FC48FCF1FB4C287B" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1907" box="[957,1244,860,884]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="denticulata">
<emphasis id="B915497AD01BFF95FC48FCF1FB4C287B" box="[957,1244,860,884]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Campanulina denticulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D01BFF95FB18FCF1FAE8287B" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[1261,1400,860,884]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="179 - 343" refId="ref58754" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1948) Hydroids of the Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions since March, 1938. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 4 (5), 179 - 343." type="journal article" year="1948">Fraser 1948</bibRefCitation>
: as
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD01BFF95FF62FC2DFEA02897" authorityName="Van Beneden" authorityYear="1847" box="[151,304,896,920]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B915497AD01BFF95FF62FC2DFEA02897" box="[151,304,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Campanulina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(?)
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD01BFF95FE94FC2DFE2A2897" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1948" box="[353,442,896,920]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indivisa">
<emphasis id="B915497AD01BFF95FE94FC2DFE2A2897" box="[353,442,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">indivisa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D01BFF95FE3EFCD2FDF02898" author="Leloup, E." box="[459,608,895,919]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref61372" refString="Leloup, E. (1974) Hydropolypes calyptoblastiques du Chili. Report No. 48 of the Lund University Chile Expedition 1948 - 1949. Sarsia, 55, 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="1974">Leloup 1974</bibRefCitation>
: as
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD01BFF95FD7BFC2DFC062897" baseAuthorityName="G. O. Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[654,918,896,920]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Opercularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="panicula">
<emphasis id="B915497AD01BFF95FD7BFC2DFC062897" box="[654,918,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Opercularella panicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and the Indian Ocean (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D01BFF95FB42FCD2FAF12898" author="Vervoort, W." box="[1207,1377,895,919]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="97 - 174" refId="ref67349" refString="Vervoort, W. (1966) Bathyal and abyssal hydroids. Galathea Report, 8, 97 - 174." type="journal article" year="1966">Vervoort 1966</bibRefCitation>
: as?
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD01BFF95FF62FC09FE2A28B3" baseAuthorityName="Clarke" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[151,442,932,956]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Opercularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="denticulata">
<emphasis id="B915497AD01BFF95FF62FC09FE2A28B3" box="[151,442,932,956]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Opercularella denticulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D01BFF95FE21FC09FD0728B3" author="Schuchert, P." box="[468,663,932,956]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="137 - 256" refId="ref65817" refString="Schuchert, P. (2003) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Danish expedition to the Kei Islands. Steenstrupia, 27, 137 - 256." type="journal article" year="2003">Schuchert (2003)</bibRefCitation>
reported that materials from
<collectingCountry id="F376D5F8D01BFF95FC1DFC09FBC528B3" box="[1000,1109,932,956]" name="Indonesia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
were indistinguishable from those examined earlier from
<collectingCountry id="F376D5F8D01BFF95FE17FC6AFDA428D0" box="[482,564,967,991]" name="Iceland" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Iceland</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D01BFF95FDB3FC6AFC9928D0" author="Schuchert, P." box="[582,777,967,991]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 184" refId="ref65756" refString="Schuchert, P. (2001 a) Hydroids of Greenland and Iceland (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Meddelelser om Gronland, Bioscience, 53, 1 - 184." type="journal article" year="2001">Schuchert 2001a</bibRefCitation>
), supporting the hypothesis that a single species is represented. Its bathymetric range is also reported as being astoundingly wide, from
<quantity id="4C99388DD01BFF95FBD8FC41FB022F0C" box="[1069,1170,1004,1028]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="25.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="20.0">2030 m</quantity>
(this study) to
<quantity id="4C99388DD01BFF95FAB0FC41FA0C2F0C" box="[1349,1436,1004,1028]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="5200.0">5200 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D01BFF95FF6BFBA2FED52F28" author="Stechow, E." box="[158,325,1039,1063]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref66337" refString="Stechow, E. (1913) Hydroidpolypen der japanischen Ostkuste. II. Teil: Campanularidae, Halecidae, Lafoeidae, Campanulinidae und Sertularidae, nebst Erganzungen zu den Athecata und Plumularidae. Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der Koniglichen Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 3, Supplement-Band 2, 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1913">Stechow 1913</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD01BFF95FE82FBBDFD092F27" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1907" box="[375,665,1040,1064]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="denticulata">
<emphasis id="B915497AD01BFF95FE82FBBDFD092F27" box="[375,665,1040,1064]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Campanulina denticulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). As noted above, I prefer on zoogeographic grounds to keep the Atlantic
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD01BFF95FF0DFB98FEE92F43" baseAuthorityName="G. O. Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[248,377,1076,1100]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Opercularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="panicula">
<emphasis id="B915497AD01BFF95FF0DFB98FEE92F43" box="[248,377,1076,1100]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">R. panicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
distinct from the Indo-Pacific
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD01BFF95FD27FB98FCFF2F43" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1907" box="[722,879,1076,1100]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="denticulata">
<emphasis id="B915497AD01BFF95FD27FB98FCFF2F43" box="[722,879,1076,1100]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">R. denticulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE9568D01BFF95FF32FBFAFCDF2FD3" blockId="25.[151,1437,355,1424]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
This hydroid seems to be quite frequent in the Oslofjord, its
<typeStatus id="54DA2BCAD01BFF95FC87FBF5FC322F7F" box="[882,930,1112,1136]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">type</typeStatus>
locality, having been collected at 12 stations there by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D01BFF95FF0FFBD1FE4B2F9B" author="Christiansen, B. O." box="[250,475,1148,1172]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="279 - 310" refId="ref56672" refString="Christiansen, B. O. (1972) The hydroid fauna of the Oslo Fiord in Norway. Norwegian Journal of Zoology, 20, 279 - 310." type="journal article" year="1972">Christiansen (1972)</bibRefCitation>
. Records of
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD01BFF95FD9CFBD0FD7B2F9B" baseAuthorityName="G. O. Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[617,747,1148,1172]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Opercularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="panicula">
<emphasis id="B915497AD01BFF95FD9CFBD0FD7B2F9B" box="[617,747,1148,1172]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">R. panicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Swedish waters are all from the Skagerrak (see Checklist). It was not recorded in Danish waters by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D01BFF95FD62FB0DFCD72FB8" author="Kramp, P. L." box="[663,839,1183,1207]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 207" refId="ref60712" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1935 b) Polypdyr (Coelenterata) I. Ferskvandspolypper og goplepolypper. Danmarks Fauna, 41, 1 - 207." type="journal article" year="1935">Kramp (1935b)</bibRefCitation>
. Of five figures of the species in the paper by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D01BFF95FABBFB0DFF742FD3" author="Kramp, P. L." pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref60772" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1941) Notes on the hydroid Campanulina panicula G. O. Sars. Goteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps- och Vitterhets- Samhalles Handlingar, sjatte foljden, Series B, 1 (2), 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1941">Kramp (1941)</bibRefCitation>
, only one (
<figureCitation id="135A89EDD01BFF95FE95FB69FE322FD3" box="[352,418,1220,1244]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1933,1956]" captionTargetBox="[365,1245,1050,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-324@8.[334,886,1228,1917]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cordylophora caspia: part of colony with hydrocaulus and hydranth, ROMIZ B3904. Scale equals 0.5 mm. FIGURE 6. Clava multicornis: hydranth with gonophores, ROMIZ B3892. Scale equals 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5247720" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5247720/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) was based on material from
<collectingCountry id="F376D5F8D01BFF95FD1AFB69FCDB2FD3" box="[751,843,1220,1244]" name="Sweden" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Sweden</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE9568D01BFF95FF32FB45FC3E2E2B" blockId="25.[151,1437,355,1424]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B915497AD01BFF95FF32FB45FE422E0F" bold="true" box="[199,466,1255,1280]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" reason="1">Reported distribution.</emphasis>
West coast of
<collectingCountry id="F376D5F8D01BFF95FD81FB4AFD5D2FF0" box="[628,717,1255,1279]" name="Sweden" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Sweden</collectingCountry>
.—Säcken Reef (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D01BFF95FC7EFB4AFBF82FF0" author="Rees, W. J. &amp; Rowe, M." box="[907,1128,1255,1279]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref64992" refString="Rees, W. J. &amp; Rowe, M. (1969) Hydroids of the Swedish west coast. Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum et Litterarum Gothobergensis, Zoologica, 3: 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1969">Rees &amp; Rowe 1969</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD01BFF95FB67FB45FA032E0F" authorityName="G. O. Sars" authorityYear="1874" box="[1170,1427,1256,1280]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="panicula">
<emphasis id="B915497AD01BFF95FB67FB45FA032E0F" box="[1170,1427,1256,1280]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Campanulina panicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) to Skagerrak off Grebbestad (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D01BFF95FE14FAA1FDE22E2B" author="Kramp, P. L." box="[481,626,1292,1316]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref60772" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1941) Notes on the hydroid Campanulina panicula G. O. Sars. Goteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps- och Vitterhets- Samhalles Handlingar, sjatte foljden, Series B, 1 (2), 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1941">Kramp 1941</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD01BFF95FD69FAA1FC0E2E2B" authorityName="G. O. Sars" authorityYear="1874" box="[668,926,1292,1316]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="panicula">
<emphasis id="B915497AD01BFF95FD69FAA1FC0E2E2B" box="[668,926,1292,1316]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Campanulina panicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE9568D01BFF95FF30FA82FB962E80" blockId="25.[151,1437,355,1424]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
Elsewhere.—Northeast Atlantic from Trondheimfjord,
<collectingCountry id="F376D5F8D01BFF95FCC3FA9DFC002E47" box="[822,912,1328,1352]" name="Norway" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Norway</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D01BFF95FC54FA82FBBA2E48" author="Storm, V." box="[929,1066,1327,1351]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref66790" refString="Storm, V. (1882) Bidrag til kundskab om Throndhjemsfjordens fauna. IV. Om de i fjorden forekomme hydroide zoophyter. Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskabs Skrifter, 1881, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1882">Storm 1882</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD01BFF95FBA2FA9DFACA2E47" authorityName="G. O. Sars" authorityYear="1874" box="[1111,1370,1328,1352]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="panicula">
<emphasis id="B915497AD01BFF95FBA2FA9DFACA2E47" box="[1111,1370,1328,1352]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Campanulina panicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and
<collectingCountry id="F376D5F8D01BFF95FF62FAF9FF792E63" box="[151,233,1364,1388]" name="Iceland" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Iceland</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D01BFF95FF0FFAF9FE212E63" author="Schuchert, P." box="[250,433,1364,1388]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="411 - 438" refId="ref65729" refString="Schuchert, P. (2000) Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Iceland collected by the BIOICE programme. Sarsia, 85, 411 - 438." type="journal article" year="2000">Schuchert 2000</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D01BFF95FE4AFAF9FD962E63" author="Schuchert, P." box="[447,518,1364,1388]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 184" refId="ref65756" refString="Schuchert, P. (2001 a) Hydroids of Greenland and Iceland (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Meddelelser om Gronland, Bioscience, 53, 1 - 184." type="journal article" year="2001">2001a</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD01BFF95FDC0FAF9FCA92E63" authorityName="G. O. Sars" authorityYear="1874" box="[565,825,1364,1388]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="panicula">
<emphasis id="B915497AD01BFF95FDC0FAF9FCA92E63" box="[565,825,1364,1388]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Campanulina panicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), to
<collectingCountry id="F376D5F8D01BFF95FC86FAF9FC482E64" box="[883,984,1364,1387]" name="Morocco" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Morocco</collectingCountry>
and southern Africa (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D01BFF95FB22FAF9FF412E80" author="Ramil, F. &amp; Iglesias, A." pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="79 - 82" refId="ref64664" refString="Ramil, F., &amp; Iglesias, A. (1988) Sobre la presencia de Opercularella panicula (Sars, 1873) (Cnidaria: Hydroida) en las costas de la Peninsula Iberica. Thalassas, 6, 79 - 82." type="journal article" year="1988">Ramil &amp; Iglesias 1988</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD01BFF95FF0EFAD5FD912E9F" baseAuthorityName="G. O. Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[251,513,1400,1424]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Opercularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="panicula">
<emphasis id="B915497AD01BFF95FF0EFAD5FD912E9F" box="[251,513,1400,1424]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Opercularella panicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D01BFF95FDFAFADAFD5A2E80" author="Cornelius, P. F. S." box="[527,714,1399,1423]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref57477" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1995 a) North-west European thecate hydroids and their medusae. Part 1. Introduction, Laodiceidae to Haleciidae. Synopses of the British Fauna, n. s., 50, 347 pp." type="book" year="1995">Cornelius 1995a</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD01BFF95FD01FAD5FC652E9F" authorityName="G. O. Sars" authorityYear="1874" box="[756,1013,1400,1424]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="panicula">
<emphasis id="B915497AD01BFF95FD01FAD5FC652E9F" box="[756,1013,1400,1424]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Campanulina panicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>