292 lines
34 KiB
XML
292 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="D5268D9815695FD5B50D8CBC4630C893" ID-CLB-Dataset="7528" ID-DOI="10.3853/j.0067-1975.49.1997.1263" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b7ab4334-f461-4258-a6aa-d1ff6ad0cf49" ID-ISSN="0067-1975" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4655107" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1617232620113" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Williams, R. R. G." docDate="1997" docId="03BB87C2FFC1543AFAA6FC57230F77DB" docLanguage="en" docName="RecAustMus.49.2.139-166.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Records of the Australian Museum 49 (2)" docSource="https://journals.australian.museum/williams-1997-rec-aust-mus-492-139166/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D3147822FB22E0797CFA40BA2FBFB595.2:RecAustMus.1986-1997.journal_article" docStyleId="D3147822FB22E0797CFA40BA2FBFB595" docStyleName="RecAustMus.1986-1997.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Galaxiidae" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="155" masterDocId="FF82FFBAFFCE542AFF83FFE72B577146" masterDocTitle="Bones and muscles of the suspensorium in the galaxioids and Lepidogalaxias salamandroides (Teleostei: Osmeriformes) and their phylogenetic significance" masterLastPageNumber="166" masterPageNumber="139" pageNumber="154" updateTime="1698935782630" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="88821C59C8DDAE316444472B09DB9BA5">
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<mods:title id="228CD38D4D5DA882194A33612DA72E2B">Bones and muscles of the suspensorium in the galaxioids and Lepidogalaxias salamandroides (Teleostei: Osmeriformes) and their phylogenetic significance</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="CE361FC8F660687500ED18D426EC9CF1" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="C8BDFE17EFC177E4392A678C95C3BEDF">Williams, R. R. G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D8E12D63DB7C8011BD7A9D72A644AB40">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="A7B14C7096450617C2112A7A47B72EB7">Records of the Australian Museum</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F3FABAB21C26E8D1040131079EC07AF1">
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<mods:date id="68CCF3268DD6164749BF1C63FB34BCE5">1997</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="B411D9E7BC39799454B71082A6CD6BA2" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="1AB98FA822978C32ECF959379126AE5F">1997-10-15</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="A962BA363E0B584E34EE37F1FD953D87" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="B386B4F387F36A787786D48673C66A5E">49</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="93A6D6D18C76A4048913F56A01A4A48F">139</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="E8C8E32369FEFCCD0A706D6480B948EF">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="318B2785169609B8E2F49545860A4299" type="CLB-Dataset">7528</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8FE58F2A3A2F4CE68DC3D76097B6E19C" type="DOI">10.3853/j.0067-1975.49.1997.1263</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A050BE14F01DD09CF48F7EACE090F220" type="ISSN">0067-1975</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3655A91C38171C1D612E50570B223E53" type="Zenodo-Dep">4655107</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BB87C2FFC1543AFAA6FC57230F77DB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4658938" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180784632" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4658938" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB87C2FFC1543AFAA6FC57230F77DB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BB87C2FFC1543AFAA6FC57230F77DB" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="155" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">
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<subSubSection id="C308655FFFC15425FAA6FC5723E07542" pageId="15" pageNumber="154" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAD36D4FFC15425FAA6FC5723E07542" blockId="15.[1302,2231,944,1028]" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">
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<heading id="D0E581B8FFC15425FAA6FC5723E07542" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="154" reason="3">
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<subSection id="E29D2F3FFFC15425FAA6FC5723FD7290" box="[1317,2218,944,982]" pageId="15" pageNumber="154" type="multiple">
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFC15425FAA6FC5723FD7290" bold="true" box="[1317,2218,944,982]" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFC15425FAA6FC572EBF7290" ID-CoL="623TF" ID-ENA="130264" box="[1317,1512,944,982]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Galaxiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Galaxioids</taxonomicName>
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(Retropinnidae + Prototroctidae +
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</emphasis>
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</subSection>
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFC15425FA95FC3923E07542" bold="true" box="[1302,2231,990,1028]" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFC15425FA95FC392D707542" bold="true" box="[1302,1575,990,1028]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Lepidogalaxias</emphasis>
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+ Galaxiidae + Aplochitonidae)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C308655FFFC1543AFB7DFBA1230F77DB" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="155" pageId="15" pageNumber="154" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BAD36D4FFC15425FB7DFBA12D39758F" blockId="15.[1275,2259,1094,1225]" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFC15425FB7DFBA12DC5752B" box="[1278,1682,1094,1133]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">(1) Autopalatine small</emphasis>
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(shared with most
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFC15425F786FBA1239B752B" box="[2053,2252,1094,1133]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Salmonidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFC15425FB78FB932E3975DD" box="[1275,1390,1140,1179]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFC15425FB78FB932E3F75DD" box="[1275,1384,1140,1179]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Umbridae" genus="Dallia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dallia</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFC15425FA63FB932D3F75DD" box="[1504,1640,1140,1179]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFC15425FA63FB932D0F75DD" box="[1504,1624,1140,1179]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Umbridae" genus="Umbra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Umbra</taxonomicName>
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).
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</emphasis>
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Primitively, it is somewhat large with expanded ends.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAD36D4FFC15425FB7DFAEC2CA774CB" blockId="15.[1277,2268,1291,1421]" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFC15425FB7DFAEC2C647426" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">(2) Palatoquadrate cartilage at posterior end of autopalatine reduced or absent.</emphasis>
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Primitively it expands dorsally towards the lamina orbitonasalis.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAD36D4FFC15425FB7EFA282DDA77C6" blockId="15.[1275,2259,1487,1664]" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFC15425FB7EFA282D797762" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">(3) Ventral limb ofpreoperculum as long as, or longer than, dorsal limb</emphasis>
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(shared with
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFC15425F8B7FA192CFF7762" box="[1844,1960,1534,1572]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFC15425F8B7FA192CF57762" box="[1844,1954,1534,1572]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Umbridae" genus="Dallia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dallia</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFC15425F842FA19232E7762" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1859" box="[1985,2169,1534,1572]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salangidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Salangidae</taxonomicName>
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, and Argentinoidea). Primitively, the dorsal limb is longer than the ventral limb.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAD36D4FFC15425FF5FF9CA2FE477C4" blockId="15.[219,1204,1581,1666]" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Figure 13 presents the galaxioid relationships suggested by the data from the suspensorium and its muscles. The</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF6D665CFFC15425FEF6F3FA2C6B7D2C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4658952" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4658952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4658952/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="154" startId="15.[373,427,3101,3136]" targetBox="[261,2180,1812,3020]" targetPageId="15">
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<paragraph id="8BAD36D4FFC15425FEF6F3FA2C6B7D2C" blockId="15.[372,2099,3101,3178]" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFC15425FEF6F3FA2AE77D06" bold="true" box="[373,432,3101,3136]" pageId="15" pageNumber="154">Fig.</emphasis>
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13. Galaxioid relationships suggested by the suspensorium and its muscles. Synapomorphies correspond to those discussed in the text. The open bar indicates character
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<quantity id="4CEA9B31FFC15425FA42F3A02D507D2C" box="[1473,1543,3143,3178]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="15" pageNumber="154" unit="in" value="6.0">6 in</quantity>
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its reversed state.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BAD36D4FFDE543AFF5EFE712FCF7330" blockId="16.[219,1203,406,630]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AFF5EFE712FE470F8" box="[221,1203,406,446]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">(4) Supramaxillae and supramaxillary ligament absent</emphasis>
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(shared with adult
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AFDB0FE23284E70AA" box="[563,793,452,492]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFDB0FE23284470AA" authorityName="Temminck & Schlegel" authorityYear="1846" box="[563,787,452,492]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Plecoglossidae" genus="Plecoglossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Plecoglossus</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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some
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFC21FE232F0F70AA" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1859" box="[930,1112,452,492]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salangidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Salangidae</taxonomicName>
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, and Argentinoidea). Primitively in
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFC8EFE1428CB735C" box="[781,924,499,538]" class="Teleostei" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">Teleostei</taxonomicName>
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there are two supramaxillae, and a supramaxillary ligament extends from the anterior tip of the posterior one to the lower jaw.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAD36D4FFDE543AFF5FFD502F3072D0" blockId="16.[218,1210,695,918]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AFF5FFD502A93727C" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">(5) Origin of adductor mandibulae includes most of lateral surface of preoperculum anterior to lateral sensory canal</emphasis>
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(shared with Esocoidei and Argentinoidea). Primitively, the adductor mandibulae originates only along the anterolateral edge of the preoperculum.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAD36D4FFDE543AFF5FFC30299A7958" blockId="16.[216,1202,983,2078]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AFF5FFC302FE5751C" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">(6) Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve passes medial to anterior end of section A2 of adductor mandibulae before running medial to lower jaw</emphasis>
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(shared with
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFE6BFB86299D75CE" box="[488,714,1121,1160]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Argentinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Argentinidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFCCDFB862F7C75CE" box="[846,1067,1121,1160]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bathylagidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Bathylagidae</taxonomicName>
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). The assumption is that a reversal has occurred in
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFC6CFB682FE775F0" authorityName="T.N.Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[1007,1200,1167,1206]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Retropinnidae" genus="Retropinna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AFC6CFB682FE775F0" box="[1007,1200,1167,1206]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Retropinna</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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since it has the primitive state. Primitively, the nerve passes lateral to the anterior end of section A2 before running medial to the lower jaw (e.g.,
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<figureCitation id="13292A51FFDE543AFC0AFAFF28A37406" box="[905,1012,1304,1344]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[387,441,1472,1508]" captionTargetBox="[266,2240,386,1402]" captionText="Fig. 7. Lateral view of external muscles of left suspensorimn in Retropinna retropinna (UAMZ 4606, 77.0 mm). On Figs 㝾ㄲⰠ 14~16, 18, and 19 muscles are indicated by closely spaced parallel lines; ligaments and tendons are short, closely spaced dashes; bones are outlined or stippled." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4658940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4658940/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Figs 7</figureCitation>
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, 14). Most lower teleosts (e.g.,
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AFDBAFAA12F327428" box="[569,1125,1350,1390]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFDBAFAA129E17428" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1803" box="[569,694,1350,1390]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Chanidae" genus="Chanos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chanos</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFD50FAA1281D7428" authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[723,842,1350,1390]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clupeidae" genus="Clupea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Clupea</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFCE0FAA128B77428" box="[867,992,1350,1390]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Hiodontidae" genus="Hiodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hiodon</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFC7AFAA12F0D7428" box="[1017,1114,1350,1390]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Elopidae" genus="Elops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Elopiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Elops</taxonomicName>
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)
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</emphasis>
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and primitive neoteleosts (e.g.,
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AFD6CFA932A27748F" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFD6CFA9328F374DA" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1873" box="[751,932,1396,1436]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonostomatidae" genus="Diplophos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stomiiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Diplophos</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFC50FA932A32748F" authority=", Aulopus" authorityName="Aulopus" class="Actinopterygii" family="Phosichthyidae" genus="Vinciguerria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stomiiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Vinciguerria, Aulopus</taxonomicName>
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)
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</emphasis>
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have this state. Although the nerve technically passes medial to the anterior end of section A
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<quantity id="4CEA9B31FFDE543AFC6BFA362F7D74B1" box="[1000,1066,1489,1527]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFBBCFA362A4C7763" baseAuthorityName="Kirtland" baseAuthorityYear="1840" class="Actinopterygii" family="Umbridae" genus="Umbra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="limi">
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AFBBCFA362A4C7763" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Umbra limi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFE01FA19291C7763" baseAuthorityName="J.E.DeKay" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[386,587,1534,1573]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Umbridae" genus="Umbra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaea">
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<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AFE01FA19291C7763" box="[386,587,1534,1573]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">U. pygmaea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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this is related to a feature uniting them: the anterolateral fibres of section A2 converge onto a unique tendon (Fig. 15: L.A2) extending to the angulo-articular. The nerve rests lateral to the anterior end of section A2 at the division of sections A2 and Aw, as in all other esocoids, but is medial to the new tendon and the anterolateral fibres of section A2 that converge onto it. Hence it occupies the same relative position as the other esocoids and is the primitive state (compare Fig. 15 of
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFD45F87B28137685" baseAuthorityName="Kirtland" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[710,836,1948,1987]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Umbridae" genus="Umbra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="limi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AFD45F87B28137685" box="[710,836,1948,1987]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">U. limi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
with
|
|
<figureCitation id="13292A51FFDE543AFC34F87B2F637685" box="[951,1076,1948,1987]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[384,448,1681,1720]" captionTargetBox="[253,2232,389,1613]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 16. Lateral view of external muscles of left suspensorium in Umbra krameri (UAMZ 3727, 63.3 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4658956" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4658956/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
|
of
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AFB09F87B2A3B76B7" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFB09F87B2A3176B7" class="Actinopterygii" family="Umbridae" genus="Umbra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="krameri">U. krameri</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
the sister species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFC8FF82E28DE76B7" baseAuthorityName="Kirtland" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[780,905,1993,2033]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Umbridae" genus="Umbra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="limi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AFC8FF82E28DE76B7" box="[780,905,1993,2033]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">U. limi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
+
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AFC4CF82E2FFA76B7" box="[975,1197,1993,2033]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFC4CF82E2FF076B7" baseAuthorityName="J.E.DeKay" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[975,1191,1993,2033]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Umbridae" genus="Umbra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaea">U. pygmaea</taxonomicName>
|
|
;
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B25FFDE543AFF5AF81029EB7958" author="Wilson, M. Y. H. & P. Veilleux" box="[217,700,2039,2078]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" pagination="321 - 352" refId="ref15757" refString="Wilson, M. Y. H., & P. Veilleux, 1982. Comparative osteolgy and relationships of the Umbridae (Pisces: Salmoniformes). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 76: 321 - 352." type="journal article" year="1982">Wilson & Veilleux, 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAD36D4FFDE543AFE11F79E28A179E6" blockId="16.[402,1014,2169,2208]" box="[402,1014,2169,2208]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AFE11F79E28A179E6" bold="true" box="[402,1014,2169,2208]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFE11F79E29CE79E6" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[402,665,2169,2208]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Retropinnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Retropinnidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
+
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFD69F79E28A179E6" box="[746,1014,2169,2208]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Prototroctidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Prototroctidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAD36D4FFDE543AFF5AF70C2F017AD1" blockId="16.[214,1198,2283,2967]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AFF5AF70C28D97855" box="[217,910,2283,2323]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">(7) Ectopterygoid fused with palatine</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<figureCitation id="13292A51FFDE543AFC34F70C2F177855" box="[951,1088,2283,2323]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="15.[220,328,1581,1620]" captionText="Figure 13 presents the galaxioid relationships suggested by the data from the suspensorium and its muscles. The" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
|
: 7A).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFF54F6FE2A157806" box="[215,322,2329,2368]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Umbridae" genus="Dallia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AFF54F6FE2A157806" box="[215,322,2329,2368]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Dallia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
questionably shares this state. It can be argued that in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFEFFF6A12ABD7828" box="[380,490,2374,2414]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Umbridae" genus="Dallia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AFEFFF6A12ABD7828" box="[380,490,2374,2414]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Dallia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
the ectopterygoid is lost, and the dermopalatine is greatly expanded posteriorly to nearly touch the anterodorsal corner of the quadrate (see also
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B25FFDE543AFF54F637299878BC" author="Wilson, M. Y. H. & P. Veilleux" box="[215,719,2512,2554]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" pagination="321 - 352" refId="ref15757" refString="Wilson, M. Y. H., & P. Veilleux, 1982. Comparative osteolgy and relationships of the Umbridae (Pisces: Salmoniformes). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 76: 321 - 352." type="journal article" year="1982">Wilson & Veilleux, 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). However, even if the ectopterygoid and palatine are fused in
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AFC2AF5E72F4B7B61" box="[937,1052,2560,2599]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFC2AF5E72F417B61" box="[937,1046,2560,2599]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Umbridae" genus="Dallia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dallia</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
the socalled fused bone is unlike the one in the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFC40F5CA2FFB7B13" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[963,1196,2605,2645]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Retropinnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Retropinnidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFEA9F5BC29437BC5" box="[298,532,2651,2691]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Prototroctidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Prototroctidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
because it is more robust, the teeth are larger and more numerous, and its posterior end does not overlap the quadrate. Primitively, palatine and ectopterygoid are separate.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFD26F501280E7A4B" box="[677,857,2790,2829]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Galaxiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Galaxiidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFC2EF5012FFC7A4B" box="[941,1195,2790,2829]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Aplochitonidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Aplochitonidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
are united because they share an ectopterygoid that is greatly reduced or absent and largely or completely replaced by a prominent ligament (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13292A51FFDE543AFCEBF48828B87AD1" box="[872,1007,2927,2967]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="15.[220,328,1581,1620]" captionText="Figure 13 presents the galaxioid relationships suggested by the data from the suspensorium and its muscles. The" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
|
: 7B).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAD36D4FFDE543AFF54F4032C97730F" blockId="16.[214,1200,3044,3176]" lastBlockId="16.[1275,2265,407,585]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AFF54F4032FFB7D7C" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">(8) Lateral foramen for hyomandibular branch offacial nerve anterior to middle oflateral strut ofhyomandibular</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<figureCitation id="13292A51FFDE543AFF61F3A62A3E7D2E" box="[226,361,3137,3176]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="15.[220,328,1581,1620]" captionText="Figure 13 presents the galaxioid relationships suggested by the data from the suspensorium and its muscles. The" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
|
: 8A). A lateral foramen at the ventral end of the lateral strut unites
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AF91DFE702CFE70F9" box="[1694,1961,407,447]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AF91DFE702CF470F9" box="[1694,1955,407,447]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lepidogalaxiidae" genus="Lepidogalaxias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lepidogalaxias</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AF840FE70232D70F9" box="[1987,2170,407,447]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Galaxiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Galaxiidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFB78FE212EAA70AB" box="[1275,1533,454,493]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Aplochitonidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Aplochitonidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<figureCitation id="13292A51FFDE543AF9A2FE212DF070AB" box="[1569,1703,454,493]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="15.[220,328,1581,1620]" captionText="Figure 13 presents the galaxioid relationships suggested by the data from the suspensorium and its muscles. The" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
|
: 8B). A lateral strut is absent in
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AFAAFFE132EE8735D" box="[1324,1471,500,539]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFAAFFE132EED735D" authorityName="McCulloch" authorityYear="1915" box="[1324,1466,500,539]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Galaxiidae" genus="Lovettia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lovettia</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Primitively, it is posterior to the dorsal half of the strut (see also
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B25FFDE543AF91FFDC62CF8730F" author="Williams, R. R. G." box="[1692,1967,545,585]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" refId="ref15675" refString="Williams, R. R. G., 1987. The phylogenetic relationships of the salmoniform fishes based on the suspensorium and its muscles. Unpublished Ph. D. thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada." type="book" year="1987">Williams, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAD36D4FFDE543AFB78FD6C2DC472B4" blockId="16.[1273,2261,651,1010]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AFB78FD6C2E6B7248" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">(9) Lateral strut of hyomandibular convex anteriorly as it arches posterodorsally from ventral to opercular arm</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<figureCitation id="13292A51FFDE543AFAE0FD012EB87248" box="[1379,1519,742,782]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="15.[220,328,1581,1620]" captionText="Figure 13 presents the galaxioid relationships suggested by the data from the suspensorium and its muscles. The" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
|
: 9A). A robust, shelf-like lateral strut, somewhat similar to the above, unites
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AF845FCF323D6727D" box="[1990,2177,788,827]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Galaxiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Galaxiidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFB79FCA52D50722F" box="[1274,1543,834,873]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Aplochitonidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Aplochitonidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<figureCitation id="13292A51FFDE543AF9A4FCA52DFA722F" box="[1575,1709,834,873]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="15.[220,328,1581,1620]" captionText="Figure 13 presents the galaxioid relationships suggested by the data from the suspensorium and its muscles. The" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
|
: 9B). A lateral strut is absent in
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AFAA8FC972E9372D1" box="[1323,1476,880,919]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFAA8FC972EE872D1" authorityName="McCulloch" authorityYear="1915" box="[1323,1471,880,919]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Galaxiidae" genus="Lovettia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lovettia</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Primitively, the strut is concave anteriorly and inclined vertically between the ventral arm and the base of the head.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAD36D4FFDE543AFB78FBD32D3F75FE" blockId="16.[1274,2268,1076,1208]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AFB78FBD32EA375CF" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">(10) Large cartilage at posterodorsal corner of metapterygoid.</emphasis>
|
|
Primitively this cartilage is either small or lacking (usually).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAD36D4FFDE543AFB79FB1E236474EC" blockId="16.[1272,2260,1273,1450]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AFB79FB1E23877409" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">(11) Symplectic prominently bent, with broad posterior expansion, and large anterior cartilaginous knob.</emphasis>
|
|
Primitively it has a slight bend, a slightly expanded posterior end, and a small anterior cartilage.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAD36D4FFDE543AFB7AFA0B230F77DB" blockId="16.[1272,2258,1516,1693]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AFB7AFA0B2DA97755" box="[1273,1790,1516,1555]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">(12) Adductor hyomandibulae</emphasis>
|
|
(AH) present (shared with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFB7AF9FD2EDE7707" box="[1273,1417,1562,1601]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Esocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Esocidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AFA46F9FD2D167707" box="[1477,1601,1562,1601]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFA46F9FD2D6D7707" box="[1477,1594,1562,1601]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Umbridae" genus="Dallia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dallia</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
some osmerids
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AF826F9FD23387707" box="[1957,2159,1562,1601]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
|
|
[
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AF82CF9FD23387707" box="[1967,2159,1562,1601]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Osmeridae" genus="Spirinchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Spirinchus</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
and
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EAC6FFDE543AFB78F9AF2EB27729" box="[1275,1509,1608,1647]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="155">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D57FFDE543AFB78F9AF2E817729" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1858" box="[1275,1494,1608,1647]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Osmeridae" genus="Thaleichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Thaleichthys</taxonomicName>
|
|
],
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
and most Alepocephaloidea). Primitively there is no AH (see also
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B25FFDE543AF967F992231F77DB" author="Winterbottom, R." box="[1764,2120,1653,1693]" pageId="16" pageNumber="155" pagination="225 - 317" refId="ref15927" refString="Winterbottom, R., 1974. A descriptive synonymy of the striated muscles of the Teleostei. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 125: 225 - 317." type="journal article" year="1974">Winterbottom, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |