447 lines
58 KiB
XML
447 lines
58 KiB
XML
<document id="BB6CB2683DF4A678425CAECCBEEB753F" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3920.2.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b05da2f8-5e97-4918-97e2-ae85ac43eecf" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="287922" ID-ZooBank="8B991675-0C48-40D4-87D2-DACA524D17C2" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460996640123" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ruedi, Manuel, Csorba, Gábor, Lin, Liang- Kong & Chou, Cheng-Han" docDate="2015" docId="03BB87963D555D19A8EBF54513E1F867" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03920p342.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3920 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Myotis soror Ruedi, Csorba, Lin & Chou, 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="329" masterDocId="FF82FFEE3D4F5D05A87CF048127BFFDE" masterDocTitle="Molecular phylogeny and morphological revision of Myotis bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Taiwan and adjacent China" masterLastPageNumber="342" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="327" updateTime="1698563058673" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="5120E44484682A78068E5577E05AE7D1">Molecular phylogeny and morphological revision of Myotis bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Taiwan and adjacent China</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="D9FD3E4116320449D7346864ABDCCEE0" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F09394F92060FD991D4178DCB9A7067F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CCC7FC3F44D2A88A478C7C2BEA1BF673">Ruedi, Manuel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="E88F9BF55A37D727719ABCECFCC7A303">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="629F565B3B716DE8CF396E12A164BC9F">Csorba, Gábor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="A719EB12269201F679D197CAC994406E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0B55426501F258375FC4DDE528CC0AAA">Lin, Liang- Kong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="D7D09E47A3B9E52603C3105C74191221">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A546C144B9B57370C0BD53FD554618CD">Chou, Cheng-Han</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="15E7FB1BE442C1D64D29A49654379C38">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="345BDFE8A601792CFE8EE9677988FAF1">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="68306E6E00C5E4E24E84AF106690CD26">3920</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03BB87963D555D19A8EBF54513E1F867" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860393" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119597571" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3860393" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB87963D555D19A8EBF54513E1F867" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BB87963D555D19A8EBF54513E1F867" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="329" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
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<subSubSection id="C308650B3D555D1FA8EBF54513C3FA96" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAD36803D555D1FA8EBF5451302FAF9" blockId="26.[151,440,1293,1352]" box="[151,377,1293,1319]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
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<heading id="D0E581EC3D555D1FA8EBF5451302FAF9" bold="true" box="[151,377,1293,1319]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D555D1FA8EBF5451302FAF9" bold="true" box="[151,377,1293,1319]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D555D1FA8EBF5451355FAF9" ID-CoL="8LZP8" box="[151,302,1293,1319]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="soror" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D555D1FA8EBF5451355FAF9" bold="true" box="[151,302,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Myotis soror</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25557E93D555D1FA94AF5451302FAF9" box="[310,377,1293,1319]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAD36803D555D1FA8EBF56713C3FA96" blockId="26.[151,440,1293,1352]" box="[151,440,1327,1352]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
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<figureCitation id="13292A053D555D1FA8EBF5671379FA96" box="[151,258,1327,1352]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionText="FIGURE 2. Principal component analysis of 17 craniodental measurements taken on 105 adult specimens from Taiwan. Males and female were not differentiated. Symbols represent the position of an individual skull projected on the first two principal components (cumulating 97.3 % of the total variance). Hollow diamonds (◊) represent Myotis rufoniger, filled diamonds (♦) M. formosus, crosses (x) M. fimbriatus taiwanensis, filled squares (■) M. laniger, hollow squares (□) M. secundus sp. n. (the holotype is greyed), filled circles (●) the holotype of M. soror sp. n., hollow circles (○) M. frater and filled triangles (▲) Submyotodon latirostris." pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Figures 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13292A053D555D1FA972F5781365FA96" box="[270,286,1328,1352]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1889,1911]" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic relationships of Myotis bats inferred from an alignment of 148 Cyt b gene sequences and using Bayesian reconstructions. Numbers close to nodes represent posterior probability (left) and maximum likelihood bootstrap support (right) associated to these nodes. Species and haplotypes sampled in Taiwan are highlighted in bold. Clades containing only species from outside Taiwan were collapsed and outgroups (Kerivoulinae and Murininae, see Table 2) were omitted for ease of read. The clade nomenclature follows the more comprehensive study of Ruedi et al. (2013)." pageId="26" pageNumber="327">3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13292A053D555D1FA956F5671341FA96" box="[298,314,1327,1352]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1533,1555]" captionTargetBox="[163,1435,201,1498]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1435,193,1512]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 5. Skulls of (a) Myotis laniger from Fujian, China (ZMB 4146, lectotype; hind parts missing), and (b) M. laniger from Taiwan (THUMB 103). Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287924/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13292A053D555D1FA93AF578132FFA96" box="[326,340,1328,1352]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[176,1411,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[176,1411,193,1933]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 8. Lateral and dorsal views of skull, and mandible of (a) Myotis soror sp. n. (HNHM 2003.36. 20., holotype), (b) M. frater (TESRI B 0283), (c) M. formosus (THUMB 65), and (d) M. rufoniger (THUMB 30022). All specimens are from Taiwan. Scale = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3924056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3924056/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">8</figureCitation>
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a, and 9a
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C308650B3D555D1FA8EBF53F1694F952" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BAD36803D555D1FA8EBF53F119AF9FE" blockId="26.[151,1437,1399,2037]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D555D1FA8EBF53F1370FA4E" bold="true" box="[151,267,1399,1424]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
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<typeStatus id="54A988223D555D1FA8EBF53F137DFA4E" box="[151,262,1399,1424]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Adult female collected by G. Csorba, C.-C. Huang and H.-C. Kuo on
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<date id="FFAC10403D555D1FAC67F53F169CFA4E" box="[1051,1255,1399,1424]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" value="2003-09-05">5 September 2003</date>
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(field number #
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<collectionCode id="ED03AE453D555D1FA8EBF5D4128AFA6A" box="[151,241,1436,1460]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">CSOTA</collectionCode>
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141). The dry skin and skull are deposited in the collections of the Hungarian Natural History Museum (
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<collectionCode id="ED03AE453D555D1FA8E2F588128CFA06" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" box="[158,247,1472,1496]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" name="Hungarian Natural History Museum (Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum)" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">HNHM</collectionCode>
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) under accession number 2003.36.20. Part of the mitochondrial Cyt
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D555D1FAB89F5881678FA06" box="[1013,1027,1472,1496]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">b</emphasis>
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(413 bp) was sequenced from tissue extracts taken from the
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<typeStatus id="54A988223D555D1FA9DFF5AC1072FA23" box="[419,521,1508,1533]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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; this sequence is deposited in GenBank under accession number
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<accessionNumber id="9441AB633D555D1FAC96F5AC171EFA22" box="[1258,1381,1508,1532]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KP187901" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">KP187901</accessionNumber>
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||
. The Cyt
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D555D1FA8BAF64012AFF9FE" box="[198,212,1544,1568]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">b</emphasis>
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gene was used in the phylogenetic analyses presented herein (
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<figureCitation id="13292A053D555D1FABF3F64F11A8F9FE" box="[911,979,1543,1568]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1889,1911]" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic relationships of Myotis bats inferred from an alignment of 148 Cyt b gene sequences and using Bayesian reconstructions. Numbers close to nodes represent posterior probability (left) and maximum likelihood bootstrap support (right) associated to these nodes. Species and haplotypes sampled in Taiwan are highlighted in bold. Clades containing only species from outside Taiwan were collapsed and outgroups (Kerivoulinae and Murininae, see Table 2) were omitted for ease of read. The clade nomenclature follows the more comprehensive study of Ruedi et al. (2013)." pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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||
).
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D555D1FA8BBF6641694F952" blockId="26.[151,1437,1399,2037]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D555D1FA8BBF6641312F99B" bold="true" box="[199,361,1580,1605]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
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||
<typeStatus id="54A988223D555D1FA8BBF6641379F99B" box="[199,258,1580,1605]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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||
</emphasis>
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The
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<typeStatus id="54A988223D555D1FA9D0F6641075F99B" box="[428,526,1580,1605]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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and only known specimen was caught along the “water pipe road”, near the Highland Experimental Farm of National
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<collectingCountry id="F30576103D555D1FAAE2F607108BF9B6" box="[670,752,1615,1640]" name="Taiwan" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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University, Nantou County,
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<collectingCountry id="F30576103D555D1FAC25F607168DF9B6" box="[1113,1270,1615,1640]" name="Taiwan" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Taiwan ROC</collectingCountry>
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(approximate coordinates:
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<geoCoordinate id="EE2650473D555D1FA95BF63C13EAF952" box="[295,401,1652,1677]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" precision="925" value="24.083334">24°05’ N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2650473D555D1FA9E1F63C1069F952" box="[413,530,1652,1676]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" precision="925" value="121.15">121°09’ E</geoCoordinate>
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), at an altitude of
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<quantity id="4CEA9B653D555D1FAAA0F63C114AF952" box="[732,817,1652,1676]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" unit="m" value="2100.0">2100 m</quantity>
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above sea level (location
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<quantity id="4CEA9B653D555D1FAC29F63C16FBF953" box="[1109,1152,1652,1677]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" unit="in" value="9.0">9 in</quantity>
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figure 1).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C308650B3D555D1FA8BBF6DF108CF82A" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BAD36803D555D1FA8BBF6DF108CF82A" blockId="26.[151,1437,1399,2037]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D555D1FA8BBF6DF131BF96E" bold="true" box="[199,352,1687,1712]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Distribution.</emphasis>
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The only known specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D555D1FAAB5F6D11155F96E" box="[713,814,1689,1712]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="soror" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D555D1FAAB5F6D11155F96E" box="[713,814,1689,1712]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">M. soror</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25557E93D555D1FAB44F6DF1100F96E" box="[824,891,1687,1712]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D555D1FAB44F6DF1100F96E" bold="true" box="[824,891,1687,1712]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">sp. n.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
is an adult female caught in a mist-net placed across a small road at Meifong, Nantou County, in the slopes of Mt Hehuan, in central
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<collectingCountry id="F30576103D555D1FAC18F6F416CDF90B" box="[1124,1206,1724,1749]" name="Taiwan" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(location
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA9B653D555D1FAD5BF6F41729F90B" box="[1319,1362,1724,1749]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" unit="in" value="9.0">9 in</quantity>
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figure 1). The evergreen, temperate forests surrounding this area is the typical vegetation found at this elevation (
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA9B653D555D1FAD4AF6A817EBF926" box="[1334,1424,1760,1784]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" unit="m" value="2100.0">2100 m</quantity>
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||
). Other species of bat caught in the same area during our survey include an unknown species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D555D1FAD69F74C17EEF8C2" box="[1301,1429,1796,1820]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D555D1FAD69F74C17EEF8C2" box="[1301,1429,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Pipistrellus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D555D1FA8EBF760132FF89E" box="[151,340,1832,1856]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Harpiola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isodon">
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||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D555D1FA8EBF760132FF89E" box="[151,340,1832,1856]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Harpiola isodon</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D555D1FA91BF76113ABF89E" box="[359,464,1832,1856]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frater">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D555D1FA91BF76113ABF89E" box="[359,464,1832,1856]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">M. frater</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
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||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D555D1FA99EF7611085F89E" box="[482,766,1832,1856]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D555D1FA99EF7611026F89E" box="[482,605,1832,1856]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laniger">M. laniger</taxonomicName>
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,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D555D1FAA11F7611085F89E" box="[621,766,1832,1856]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="secundus" status="sp. nov.">M. secundus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25557E93D555D1FAB76F76F1135F89E" box="[778,846,1831,1856]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D555D1FAB76F76F1135F89E" bold="true" box="[778,846,1831,1856]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">sp. n.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D555D1FAB1CF7601195F89E" box="[864,1006,1832,1856]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Submyotodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D555D1FAB1CF7601195F89E" box="[864,1006,1832,1856]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">S. latirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D555D1FAC7EF76017EEF8E1" box="[1026,1429,1832,1856]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D555D1FAC7EF76016C2F89E" box="[1026,1209,1832,1856]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Murina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">Murina gracilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D555D1FACB6F76017EEF8E1" box="[1226,1429,1832,1856]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Plecotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taivanus">Plecotus taivanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D555D1FA8EBF7051182F8BA" box="[151,1017,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D555D1FA8EBF70513D7F8BA" box="[151,428,1868,1892]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuliginosus">Miniopterus fuliginosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D555D1FA9C2F70410ABF8BA" box="[446,720,1868,1892]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Barbastella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucomelas">Barbastella leucomelas</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D555D1FAA9FF7041182F8BA" box="[739,1017,1868,1892]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monoceros">Rhinolophus monoceros</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D555D1FAC41F70516B7F8BA" box="[1085,1228,1868,1892]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="formosae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D555D1FAC41F70516B7F8BA" box="[1085,1228,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">R. formosae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As none of the previous, intensive surveys of the bat fauna of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D555D1FAAC5F7271170F856" box="[697,779,1903,1928]" name="Taiwan" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
evidenced this species elsewhere (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D555D1FACE3F7271759F856" author="Chou" box="[1183,1314,1903,1928]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" refString="Chou, C. - H. (2004) Taxonomic status of the genus Myotis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Taiwan. Department of Wildlife Ecology, Tunghai University, Tunghai, 115 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2004">Chou 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D555D1FAD4DF72712A8F872" author="Lin" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" refString="Lin, L. K., Lee, L. L. & Cheng, H. C. (2004) Bats of Taiwan (2 nd ed.). National Museum of Natural Sciences, Taipei, 177 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2004">
|
||
Lin
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D555D1FAD1DF73917E7F856" box="[1377,1436,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D555D1FA899F7DD133CF872" box="[229,327,1941,1964]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="soror" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D555D1FA899F7DD133CF872" box="[229,327,1941,1964]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">M. soror</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25557E93D555D1FA930F7DC13F7F873" box="[332,396,1940,1965]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D555D1FA930F7DC13F7F873" bold="true" box="[332,396,1940,1965]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">sp. n.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
might indeed be a very rare forest species. Nothing is known about its natural history besides that the female was in a post-lactating stage (with teats still enlarged and devoid of hairs) when it was collected, and thus must have been breeding recently in the area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF6D66083D545D1EA8EBF5B5102AF9EC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287924/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" targetBox="[163,1435,201,1498]" targetPageId="27">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D545D1EA8EBF5B5102AF9EC" blockId="27.[151,1436,1533,1586]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D545D1EA8EBF5B5136FF9CD" bold="true" box="[151,276,1533,1555]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Skulls of (a)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D545D1EA9DAF5B61047F9CD" box="[422,572,1533,1555]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laniger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D545D1EA9DAF5B61047F9CD" box="[422,572,1533,1555]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Myotis laniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Fujian, China (ZMB 4146, lectotype; hind parts missing), and (b)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D545D1EAD53F5B617E7F9CD" box="[1327,1436,1533,1555]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laniger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D545D1EAD53F5B617E7F9CD" box="[1327,1436,1533,1555]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">M. laniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Taiwan (THUMB 103). Scale= 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C308650B3D545D1EA8BBF611100EF967" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D545D1EA8BBF611100EF967" blockId="27.[151,1437,1625,2010]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D545D1EA8BBF6111335F9AC" bold="true" box="[199,334,1625,1650]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
We name it
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D545D1EA9A6F612106DF9AF" box="[474,534,1626,1649]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="soror">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D545D1EA9A6F612106DF9AF" box="[474,534,1626,1649]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">soror</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(meaning sister in Latin) as it is clearly related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D545D1EAC34F61216A2F9AF" box="[1096,1241,1625,1649]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frater">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D545D1EAC34F61216A2F9AF" box="[1096,1241,1625,1649]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Myotis frater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, its sister species in phylogenetic reconstructions (see Clade III in figure 3). Owing to its peculiar coloration, we suggest Reddish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D545D1EA8EBF6E9129DF964" box="[151,230,1697,1722]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
as an appropriate vernacular name.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C308650B3D545D1EA8BBF68D13FCF84F" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D545D1EA8BBF68D13FCF84F" blockId="27.[151,1437,1625,2010]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D545D1EA8BBF68D103BF900" bold="true" box="[199,576,1733,1758]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">
|
||
Measurements of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A988223D545D1EA9AEF68D1040F900" box="[466,571,1733,1758]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements are in mm and, unlike in other species, were taken on the prepared specimen. Head and body length, 48; tail length, 41; forearm length, 42.1; hind foot length (including claw), 7.6; tibia length, 17.2; thumb length, 5.1 and claw 2.5; ear length, 11; tragus length, 6; greatest skull length, including incisors, 13.8; greatest zygomatic breadth, 8.9; postorbital breadth, 4.1; mastoid breadth, 7.8; greatest braincase width, 7.2; upper canine-molar toothrow, 5.2; width across upper canines, 4.2; width across 3rd upper molars, 5.7 (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C690033B3D545D1EA95EF7311301F84F" box="[290,378,1913,1938]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="16.[119,197,569,589]" captionText="TABLE 4. External and craniodental measurements (in mm) of Taiwan species of Myotis and Submyotodon. Values are given as mean, ± SD, min-max, (n). Acronyms and definitions for" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C308650B3D545D19A8BBF7D51750FEBB" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="329" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D545D1EA8BBF7D517E6F804" blockId="27.[151,1437,1625,2010]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D545D1EA8BBF7D5133AF868" bold="true" box="[199,321,1949,1974]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Medium-sized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D545D1EA98BF7D61038F86B" box="[503,579,1950,1973]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D545D1EA98BF7D61038F86B" box="[503,579,1950,1973]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Myotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with striking pelage color, rich cinnamon-brown with lighter, golden hair tips dorsally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A053D545D1EA94EF789130EF807" box="[306,373,1985,2010]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="30.[151,250,631,653]" captionTargetBox="[348,1241,198,606]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[340,1247,193,610]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 7. Myotis soror sp. n. (HNHM 2003.36. 20, holotype). (a) Dry study skin (b) attachment point of the wing membrane, and (c) close-up of the notched ear and tragus of the live specimen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3924052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3924052/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
a) and only slightly lighter ventrally. Color of face brownish and other bare parts dark brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D535D19A8EBF0DF1750FEBB" blockId="28.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">
|
||
Wing membranes attached close to base of outer toe, on the distal part of the metatarsus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A053D535D19ACFFF0DF16BCFF6E" box="[1155,1223,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="30.[151,250,631,653]" captionTargetBox="[348,1241,198,606]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[340,1247,193,610]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 7. Myotis soror sp. n. (HNHM 2003.36. 20, holotype). (a) Dry study skin (b) attachment point of the wing membrane, and (c) close-up of the notched ear and tragus of the live specimen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3924052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3924052/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
b). Feet nearly half tibia length. Tail notably shorter than head and body length. Ears relatively short and broad with a distinct notch on the middle of the rear edge of conch (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A053D535D19AA2DF09710E3FF26" box="[593,664,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="30.[151,250,631,653]" captionTargetBox="[348,1241,198,606]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[340,1247,193,610]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 7. Myotis soror sp. n. (HNHM 2003.36. 20, holotype). (a) Dry study skin (b) attachment point of the wing membrane, and (c) close-up of the notched ear and tragus of the live specimen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3924052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3924052/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
c). The inner and outer sides of the conch are covered with sparse, cinnamon-rufous hairs. Skull angular, with short rostrum and abruptly raised frontal part of braincase (as seen in profile,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A053D535D19A88DF16F1348FE9E" box="[241,307,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[176,1411,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[176,1411,193,1933]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 8. Lateral and dorsal views of skull, and mandible of (a) Myotis soror sp. n. (HNHM 2003.36. 20., holotype), (b) M. frater (TESRI B 0283), (c) M. formosus (THUMB 65), and (d) M. rufoniger (THUMB 30022). All specimens are from Taiwan. Scale = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3924056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3924056/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
a). Teeth relatively robust with second upper premolars small and moderately displaced inside from toothrow, but not visible in side view. Upper canines strong, with a marked groove along the labial edge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C308650B3D535D19A8BBF12713E1F867" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D535D19A8BBF127129EFC83" blockId="28.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D535D19A8BBF1271322FE56" bold="true" box="[199,345,367,392]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
The pelage is dense, soft and relatively long on the dorsum (about
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA9B653D535D19AC37F12716EBFE56" box="[1099,1168,367,392]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
); dorsal hairs cinnamon brown on the base and becoming progressively lighter towards the tips, the last
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA9B653D535D19AC66F1DC1620FE72" box="[1050,1115,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
being golden yellow, giving a frosted appearance to the dorsal fur. Ventral parts appear slightly paler, with hairs brown to the middle, becoming lighter, almost creamy towards the tip. Bare parts, including ears and patagium, reddish-brown, with face lighter, flesh colored. Ears short and broad, not reaching the nose tip when laid forward; conspicuous notch at two-thirds of its height on the rear edge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A053D535D19A9AAF26C1066FDE2" box="[470,541,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="30.[151,250,631,653]" captionTargetBox="[348,1241,198,606]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[340,1247,193,610]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 7. Myotis soror sp. n. (HNHM 2003.36. 20, holotype). (a) Dry study skin (b) attachment point of the wing membrane, and (c) close-up of the notched ear and tragus of the live specimen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3924052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3924052/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
c). Long (up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA9B653D535D19AAAFF26C1154FDE2" box="[723,815,548,573]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
), sparse cinnamon hairs are present on both inner and outer sides of the conch. Tragus relatively short, but reaching the ear notch; the anterior edge is slightly convex but the exterior margin has a small lobe at the base (hidden into the conch), and a larger one along half of its length; the tragus is convergent and tapers medially forming a slightly rounded head at the tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A053D535D19AC3AF2C716F0FD76" box="[1094,1163,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="30.[151,250,631,653]" captionTargetBox="[348,1241,198,606]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[340,1247,193,610]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 7. Myotis soror sp. n. (HNHM 2003.36. 20, holotype). (a) Dry study skin (b) attachment point of the wing membrane, and (c) close-up of the notched ear and tragus of the live specimen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3924052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3924052/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
c). Wing membranes are essentially naked (except the underparts, close to the body), and attached to the distal parts of the metacarpus, near the base of the outer toe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A053D535D19A9CEF29F138DFD2E" box="[434,502,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="30.[151,250,631,653]" captionTargetBox="[348,1241,198,606]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[340,1247,193,610]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 7. Myotis soror sp. n. (HNHM 2003.36. 20, holotype). (a) Dry study skin (b) attachment point of the wing membrane, and (c) close-up of the notched ear and tragus of the live specimen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3924052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3924052/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
b). Feet are robust, with strong curved claws, and about half the size of tibia length. Uropatagium broad with tail almost fully included in the membrane. The calcar is short (about one-third uropatagium edge length), and bears an indistinct, unkeeled lobe. The tail is notably shorter than head and body length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D535D19A8BBF32F1193FC19" blockId="28.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">
|
||
When viewed in profile, the skull has a relatively short rostrum, and an abruptly raising frontal part of the braincase (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A053D535D19A96AF3C41324FC7A" box="[278,351,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1846,1868]" captionTargetBox="[363,1240,238,1794]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[335,1252,193,1794]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 9. Skulls of (a) M. soror sp. n. (HNHM 2003.36. 20, holotype), (b) Myotis frater from Fujian, China (AMNH 48029, holotype), and (c) M. frater from Taiwan (HNHM 2004.19.3). Scale = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3924058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3924058/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
a). The occipital part looks like a square in profile or when viewed from above (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A053D535D19AD4BF3C41704FC7A" box="[1335,1407,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[176,1411,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[176,1411,193,1933]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 8. Lateral and dorsal views of skull, and mandible of (a) Myotis soror sp. n. (HNHM 2003.36. 20., holotype), (b) M. frater (TESRI B 0283), (c) M. formosus (THUMB 65), and (d) M. rufoniger (THUMB 30022). All specimens are from Taiwan. Scale = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3924056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3924056/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
a). Lambdoid crests are visible laterally, but no notable sagittal crest is present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D535D19A8BBF39C1363FB36" blockId="28.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">
|
||
Dental formula
|
||
<date id="FFAC10403D535D19A900F39D13E7FC32" box="[380,412,980,1004]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">I 2</date>
|
||
/3 C 1/1 PM 3/3 M 3/3, comprising the adult dentition of 38 teeth. Teeth are robust, with upper canines longer than third premolars, but the lower canines are much weaker, barely reaching the height of lower premolars (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A053D535D19A920F45413E5FBEA" box="[348,414,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[176,1411,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[176,1411,193,1933]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 8. Lateral and dorsal views of skull, and mandible of (a) Myotis soror sp. n. (HNHM 2003.36. 20., holotype), (b) M. frater (TESRI B 0283), (c) M. formosus (THUMB 65), and (d) M. rufoniger (THUMB 30022). All specimens are from Taiwan. Scale = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3924056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3924056/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
a). The two upper incisive are nearly as high as wide, short, of comparable size and both are visible in side view. The upper canines have a distinct groove along the labial edge. The first upper premolar is small and aligned in toothrow, but the second is minute and displaced inwards and barely visible in side view. The third premolar is large, but bears an inconspicuous paraconule in its front margin. Molars are robust, but low, with ill-defined paraconules. The three lower premolars are in a row, not particularly crowded. All lower molars are myotodont.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D535D19A8BBF4BC1649F892" blockId="28.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D535D19A8BBF4BC1317FAD3" bold="true" box="[199,364,1268,1293]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
Owing to its short rostrum, raised frontal parts of braincase, angular skull shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A053D535D19AD72F4BC1726FAD2" box="[1294,1373,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[176,1411,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[176,1411,193,1933]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 8. Lateral and dorsal views of skull, and mandible of (a) Myotis soror sp. n. (HNHM 2003.36. 20., holotype), (b) M. frater (TESRI B 0283), (c) M. formosus (THUMB 65), and (d) M. rufoniger (THUMB 30022). All specimens are from Taiwan. Scale = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3924056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3924056/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
a, 9a) and inwards displaced second upper premolars,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D535D19AAB7F5501124FAEE" box="[715,863,1304,1328]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="soror" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D535D19AAB7F5501124FAEE" box="[715,863,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Myotis soror</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25557E93D535D19AB16F55F11D5FAEE" box="[874,942,1303,1328]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D535D19AB16F55F11D5FAEE" bold="true" box="[874,942,1303,1328]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">sp. n.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is clearly related to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D535D19ACAAF551173BFAEE" box="[1238,1344,1304,1328]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frater">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D535D19ACAAF551173BFAEE" box="[1238,1344,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">M. frater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex (
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D535D19A97BF575133EFA8A" box="[263,325,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D535D19A930F57410FAFA8A" author="Tsytsulina" box="[332,641,1340,1365]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" refString="Tsytsulina, K. & Strelkov, P. P. (2001) Taxonomy of the Myotis frater species group (Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera). Bonner zoologischer Beitrage, 50, 15 - 26." type="journal article" year="2001">Tsytsulina & Strelkov 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, it differs genetically from sympatric specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D535D19AD4BF57517E7FA8A" box="[1335,1436,1340,1364]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frater">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D535D19AD4BF57517E7FA8A" box="[1335,1436,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">M. frater</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by at least 11 % (K2P divergence at the Cyt
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D535D19AAFEF52810EBFAA6" box="[642,656,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">b</emphasis>
|
||
gene;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C690033B3D535D19AAA6F5171155FAA6" box="[730,814,1375,1400]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="26.[151,239,764,787]" captionTargetBox="[159,1375,846,1199]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="TABLE 5. Mean K 2 P divergence among each species from Taiwan calculated for the Cyt b gene. Numbers are expressed as percentage and those in italics in the diagonal are intra-specific distances." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6D66083D555D1FA8EBF2B411BFFCED" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" tableUuid="DF6D66083D555D1FA8EBF2B411BFFCED">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
). Its rich cinnamon pelage (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A053D535D19AC19F51716DCFAA6" box="[1125,1191,1375,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="30.[151,250,631,653]" captionTargetBox="[348,1241,198,606]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[340,1247,193,610]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 7. Myotis soror sp. n. (HNHM 2003.36. 20, holotype). (a) Dry study skin (b) attachment point of the wing membrane, and (c) close-up of the notched ear and tragus of the live specimen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3924052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3924052/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
a) with golden frosted appearance of the dorsal fur is also unique in this group, all other taxa living in temperate regions being darker brown (sometimes lighter brown in juvenile specimens,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D535D19AB4DF5EF1190FA1E" author="Yoshiyuki" box="[817,1003,1447,1472]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" refString="Yoshiyuki, M. (1989) A systematic study of the Japanese chiroptera. National Science Museum monographs, 7, 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="1989">Yoshiyuki 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The desert form
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D535D19ACB0F5E11707FA1E" box="[1228,1404,1448,1472]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucharensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D535D19ACB0F5E11707FA1E" box="[1228,1404,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">M. bucharensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is decidedly much paler and slightly larger. With a forearm length of
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA9B653D535D19ABF4F5841194FA3A" box="[904,1007,1484,1508]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.21" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="42.1">42.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D535D19AB87F5851626FA3A" box="[1019,1117,1485,1508]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="soror" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D535D19AB87F5851626FA3A" box="[1019,1117,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">M. soror</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D535D19AC18F58416DFFA3B" bold="true" box="[1124,1188,1484,1509]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25557E93D535D19AC18F58416DFFA3B" box="[1124,1188,1484,1509]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is also larger than the Far Eastern taxa (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D535D19A91BF5B8107EF9D6" box="[359,517,1520,1544]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longicaudatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D535D19A91BF5B8107EF9D6" box="[359,517,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">longicaudatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D535D19AA6BF5B8100FF9D6" box="[535,628,1520,1544]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaguyae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D535D19AA6BF5B8100FF9D6" box="[535,628,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">kaguyae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D535D19AACDF5B81159F9D9" box="[689,802,1520,1543]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">eniseensis</emphasis>
|
||
) and slightly larger than sympatric
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D535D19ACBAF5B9171DF9D6" box="[1222,1382,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D535D19ACBAF5B91755F9D6" box="[1222,1326,1520,1544]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="frater">M. frater</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25557E93D535D19AD44F5B9171DF9D6" box="[1336,1382,1521,1544]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" sensu="stricto">s. s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(FA barely reaching
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA9B653D535D19A92DF65C13DDF9F2" box="[337,422,1556,1580]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="41.0">41 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C690033B3D535D19A9C9F65C1075F9F2" box="[437,526,1556,1581]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="16.[119,197,569,589]" captionText="TABLE 4. External and craniodental measurements (in mm) of Taiwan species of Myotis and Submyotodon. Values are given as mean, ± SD, min-max, (n). Acronyms and definitions for" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
). The tail of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D535D19AAD6F65D1174F9F2" box="[682,783,1557,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="soror" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D535D19AAD6F65D1174F9F2" box="[682,783,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">M. soror</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25557E93D535D19AB64F65C1121F9F3" box="[792,858,1556,1581]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D535D19AB64F65C1121F9F3" bold="true" box="[792,858,1556,1581]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">sp. n.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is shorter than head and body length, and thus is considerably shorter than in other taxa in this group (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C690033B3D535D19AA97F67F1138F98E" box="[747,835,1591,1616]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="16.[119,197,569,589]" captionText="TABLE 4. External and craniodental measurements (in mm) of Taiwan species of Myotis and Submyotodon. Values are given as mean, ± SD, min-max, (n). Acronyms and definitions for" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
). Compared to
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D535D19AB8DF67116FAF98E" box="[1009,1153,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D535D19AB8DF671162DF98E" box="[1009,1110,1592,1616]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="frater">M. frater</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25557E93D535D19AC21F67116FAF98E" box="[1117,1153,1593,1616]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the shape and pilosity of ears differ notably, the notch on the rear edge being less visible in the later species, with pilosity confined to inner side (hairy on both sides in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D535D19A99BF6C91037F946" box="[487,588,1665,1688]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="soror" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D535D19A99BF6C91385F946" box="[487,510,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D535D19AA6CF6C91037F946" box="[528,588,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">soror</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25557E93D535D19AA2BF63710E0F946" box="[599,667,1663,1688]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D535D19AA2BF63710E0F946" bold="true" box="[599,667,1663,1688]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">sp. n.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A053D535D19AAD1F637108FF946" box="[685,756,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="30.[151,250,631,653]" captionTargetBox="[348,1241,198,606]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[340,1247,193,610]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 7. Myotis soror sp. n. (HNHM 2003.36. 20, holotype). (a) Dry study skin (b) attachment point of the wing membrane, and (c) close-up of the notched ear and tragus of the live specimen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3924052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3924052/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
c). Due to an absolute shorter tibia length (about
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA9B653D535D19AD3CF6C817EFF946" box="[1344,1428,1664,1688]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
|
||
) compared to other taxa in the
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D535D19A98FF6EC101DF962" box="[499,614,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D535D19A98FF6EC1048F962" box="[499,563,1700,1724]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="frater">frater</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25557E93D535D19AA40F6ED101DF962" box="[572,614,1700,1724]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" sensu="lato">s. l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
group (about
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA9B653D535D19AB77F6EC1127F962" box="[779,860,1700,1724]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
or more), the feet (about
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA9B653D535D19ACF5F6EC16B6F962" box="[1161,1229,1700,1724]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
) appear relatively large, almost half the tibia length, whereas they are much shorter than 50% tibia length in the other related taxa. Other, unrelated Asian species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D535D19AA65F6A5101EF8DA" box="[537,613,1773,1796]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D535D19AA65F6A5101EF8DA" box="[537,613,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Myotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with inwards displaced second upper premolars, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D535D19AC89F6A51712F8DA" box="[1269,1385,1772,1796]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="davidii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D535D19AC89F6A51712F8DA" box="[1269,1385,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">M. davidii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are either much smaller (FA about
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA9B653D535D19A984F7581031F8F6" box="[504,586,1808,1832]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="31.0">31 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and have a darker, blackish pelage color, or are much larger (FA about
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA9B653D535D19ADFCF74712BFF892" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and have particolored wings (see
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D535D19AA36F77D1086F892" box="[586,765,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D535D19AA36F77D10ADF892" box="[586,726,1844,1868]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="formosus">M. formosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25557E93D535D19AAA1F77C1086F892" box="[733,765,1844,1868]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
group,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D535D19AB28F77C165DF892" author="Csorba" box="[852,1062,1844,1869]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" refString="Csorba, G., Chou, C. - H., Ruedi, M., Gorfol, T., Motokawa, M., Wiantoro, S., Thong, V. D., Son, N. T., Lin, L. - K. & Furey, N. (2014) The reds and the yellows: a review of Asian Chrysopteron Jentink, 1910 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae: Myotis). Journal of Mammalogy, 95, 663 - 678. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1644 / 13 - mamm-a- 200" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Csorba
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D535D19ABD6F77D1198F892" box="[938,995,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D535D19A8BBF71F13E1F867" blockId="28.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D535D19A8BBF71F1073F8AE" bold="true" box="[199,520,1879,1904]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Phylogenetic relationships.</emphasis>
|
||
The partial (413 bp) Cyt
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D535D19AB56F7101143F8AE" box="[810,824,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">b</emphasis>
|
||
gene of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A988223D535D19ABB9F71F165CF8AE" box="[965,1063,1879,1904]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D535D19AC31F71116D4F8AE" box="[1101,1199,1881,1904]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="soror" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D535D19AC31F71116D4F8AE" box="[1101,1199,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">M. soror</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25557E93D535D19ACCAF71F168DF8AE" box="[1206,1270,1879,1904]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D535D19ACCAF71F168DF8AE" bold="true" box="[1206,1270,1879,1904]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">sp. n.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
diverges by at least 11% K2P distance from any other homologous sequences, including from its sympatric, sister taxon
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D535D19AD19F73512ACF866" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">
|
||
M. f.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D535D19A8EBF7E812ACF866" box="[151,215,1952,1976]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frater">frater</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A053D535D19A899F7E81350F866" box="[229,299,1952,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionText="FIGURE 2. Principal component analysis of 17 craniodental measurements taken on 105 adult specimens from Taiwan. Males and female were not differentiated. Symbols represent the position of an individual skull projected on the first two principal components (cumulating 97.3 % of the total variance). Hollow diamonds (◊) represent Myotis rufoniger, filled diamonds (♦) M. formosus, crosses (x) M. fimbriatus taiwanensis, filled squares (■) M. laniger, hollow squares (□) M. secundus sp. n. (the holotype is greyed), filled circles (●) the holotype of M. soror sp. n., hollow circles (○) M. frater and filled triangles (▲) Submyotodon latirostris." pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C690033B3D535D19A94BF7E813F7F867" box="[311,396,1952,1977]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="26.[151,239,764,787]" captionTargetBox="[159,1375,846,1199]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="TABLE 5. Mean K 2 P divergence among each species from Taiwan calculated for the Cyt b gene. Numbers are expressed as percentage and those in italics in the diagonal are intra-specific distances." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6D66083D555D1FA8EBF2B411BFFCED" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" tableUuid="DF6D66083D555D1FA8EBF2B411BFFCED">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |