treatments-xml/data/03/AD/5E/03AD5E57FFD18A67FF46FAD0FBB7F9B0.xml

<document id="59EEF1F973FFDA573F850BA23ED9C7F0" ID-CLB-Dataset="31466" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4350.1.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="50cdb3af-4b12-4065-a496-0ea8baf231fd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1050949" ID-ZooBank="62496B8F-AEB3-4AC8-9C66-6922428E3B2A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1510814575521" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pickersgill, Martin, Zimkus, Breda M. &amp; Raw, Lynn R. G." docDate="2017" docId="03AD5E57FFD18A67FF46FAD0FBB7F9B0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4350.1.9.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4350 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Phrynobatrachus discogularis Pickersgill &amp; Zimkus &amp; Raw 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="160" masterDocId="FF94262FFFD38A6EFFD1FFAFFFACFFB7" masterDocTitle="A new species of Phrynobatrachus (Anura: Phrynobatrachidae) from the Eastern Arc Mountians of Tanzania" masterLastPageNumber="163" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="153" updateTime="1698497741634" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="140035E88A1AD09F4716172E2F1A88E9">A new species of Phrynobatrachus (Anura: Phrynobatrachidae) from the Eastern Arc Mountians of Tanzania</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0D18EC2D133D3BA0C1B294BE92F01360">Pickersgill, Martin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="32A3724A1026B5AF4B78553B61D56A34">Zimkus, Breda M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="716C9466DB99119228157341587764AE">Raw, Lynn R. G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="73AF78DE015F5ABA33D6AF6D3CCDC6D3">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F732C17BCAC3E1A976ECF1C4910FE1BA">2017-11-16</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03AD5E57FFD18A67FF46FAD0FBB7F9B0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6051106" ID-GBIF-Taxon="137307923" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6051106" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD5E57FFD18A67FF46FAD0FBB7F9B0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD5E57FFD18A67FF46FAD0FBB7F9B0" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
<subSubSection id="C31EBCCAFFD18A6CFF46FAD0FCA1FA6B" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFD18A6CFF46FAD0FDC4FA2D" blockId="2.[151,616,1407,1434]" box="[151,616,1407,1434]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
<heading id="D0F3582DFFD18A6CFF46FAD0FDC4FA2D" bold="true" box="[151,616,1407,1434]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD18A6CFF46FAD0FDC4FA2D" bold="true" box="[151,616,1407,1434]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD18A6CFF46FAD0FDAFFA2E" ID-CoL="6VDZQ" authority="Pickersgill &amp; Zimkus &amp; Raw, 2017" authorityName="Pickersgill &amp; Zimkus &amp; Raw" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,515,1407,1433]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="discogularis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD18A6CFF46FAD0FDAFFA2E" bold="true" box="[151,515,1407,1433]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Phrynobatrachus discogularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2438E28FFD18A6CFDDBFA2FFDC4FA2D" box="[522,616,1408,1434]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFD18A6CFF46FA69FCA1FA6B" blockId="2.[151,781,1478,1501]" box="[151,781,1478,1501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD18A6CFF46FA69FECAFA6A" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[151,358,1478,1501]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD18A6CFF46FA69FECAFA6A" box="[151,358,1478,1501]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Arthroleptis minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD18A6CFEA4FA67FE37FA6A" box="[373,411,1480,1501]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">non</emphasis>
Boulenger) Loveridge, 1933, p 384.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31EBCCAFFD18A6CFF46F9A6FC2CF996" box="[151,896,1545,1570]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFD18A6CFF46F9A6FC2CF996" blockId="2.[151,1437,1545,2038]" box="[151,896,1545,1570]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD18A6CFF46F9A6FEB2F995" bold="true" box="[151,286,1545,1570]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named for its distinctive disc-shaped gular apparatus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31EBCCAFFD18A6AFF16F982FC8EF843" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="155" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFD18A6CFF16F982FCEFF9DD" blockId="2.[151,1437,1545,2038]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
<typeStatus id="54BF51E3FFD18A6CFF16F982FE98F9F1" box="[199,308,1581,1606]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="holotype">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD18A6CFF16F982FE98F9F1" bold="true" box="[199,308,1581,1606]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Holotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED157784FFD18A6CFE9CF981FE26F9F1" box="[333,394,1582,1606]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">MCZ</collectionCode>
A- 
<date id="FFBAC981FFD18A6CFE6BF981FDA2F9F1" box="[442,526,1582,1606]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="13-10-12">101213</date>
from Dabaga, 
<collectingCountry id="F313AFD1FFD18A6CFD07F982FC97F9F1" box="[726,827,1581,1606]" name="Tanzania" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
(co-ordinates from 
<collectionCode id="ED157784FFD18A6CFBEAF981FBD4F9F1" box="[1083,1144,1582,1606]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">MCZ</collectionCode>
database: 
<geoCoordinate id="EE308986FFD18A6CFAD5F982FA34F9F1" box="[1284,1432,1581,1606]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" precision="1" value="-8.116667">08.116667°S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE308986FFD18A6CFF46F9FEFE83F9DD" box="[151,303,1617,1642]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" precision="1" value="35.916668">35.916667°E</geoCoordinate>
), collected by 
<collectingRegion id="49C021A3FFD18A6CFE01F9FDFE4BF9DD" box="[464,487,1618,1642]" country="Gambia" name="Upper River" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">A</collectingRegion>
. Loveridge on 
<date id="FFBAC981FFD18A6CFD41F9FDFC93F9DD" box="[656,831,1618,1642]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="1930-01-01">1 January 1930</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFD18A6CFF16F9DAFDB4F8A9" blockId="2.[151,1437,1545,2038]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
<materialsCitation id="3B6CE51CFFD18A6CFF16F9DAFB63F905" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1700783989" collectingDate="1999-02" collectionCode="MTSN" collectorName="Michele Menegon &amp; Sebastiano Salvidio" elevation="1880" latitude="-8.194722" location="Gendawaki valley" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="35.866108" municipality="Bomalang'ombe" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" specimenCode="MTSN 32618-32620" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54BF51E3FFD18A6CFF16F9DAFE93F939" box="[199,319,1653,1678]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" type="paratype">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD18A6CFF16F9DAFE93F939" bold="true" box="[199,319,1653,1678]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Paratypes</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
: 
<specimenCode id="DBA2473AFFD18A6CFE9FF9D9FDEDF939" box="[334,577,1653,1678]" collectionCode="MTSN" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">MTSN 32618–32620</specimenCode>
, three adult males from 
<location id="8EDBB99AFFD18A6CFC83F9DAFBB2F939" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD5E57FFD18A67FF46FAD0FBB7F9B0:8EDBB99AFFD18A6CFC83F9DAFBB2F939" box="[850,1054,1653,1678]" latitude="-8.194722" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="35.866108" municipality="Bomalang'ombe" name="Gendawaki valley" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Gendawaki valley</location>
near 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BDF753BFFD18A6CFB8CF9DAFAB4F939" box="[1117,1304,1653,1678]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Bomalang’ombe</collectingMunicipality>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE308986FFD18A6CFAF9F9D9FF04F905" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" precision="15" value="-8.194722">08°11’41” S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE308986FFD18A6CFF65F936FEEFF906" box="[180,323,1689,1714]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" precision="15" value="35.866108">35°51’58” E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<elevation id="00290872FFD18A6CFE9FF935FE32F905" box="[334,414,1690,1714]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.88" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" unit="m" value="1880.0">
<quantity id="4CFC42A4FFD18A6CFE9FF935FE32F905" box="[334,414,1690,1714]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.88" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" unit="m" value="1880.0">1880m</quantity>
</elevation>
) collected by 
<collectorName id="26F18A97FFD18A6CFDEAF936FCABF905" box="[571,775,1689,1714]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Michele Menegon</collectorName>
and 
<collectorName id="26F18A97FFD18A6CFCECF936FBB1F905" box="[829,1053,1689,1714]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Sebastiano Salvidio</collectorName>
, 
<collectingDate id="EFFE3069FFD18A6CFBF9F936FB63F905" box="[1064,1231,1689,1714]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="1999-02">
<date id="FFBAC981FFD18A6CFBF9F936FB63F905" box="[1064,1231,1689,1714]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="1999-02">February 1999</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
; MCZ A- 
<date id="FFBAC981FFD18A6CFAEAF936FA22F905" box="[1339,1422,1689,1714]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="76-10-11">101176</date>
– 
<date id="FFBAC981FFD18A6CFF46F911FF42F961" box="[151,238,1726,1750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="77-10-11">101177</date>
; 
<date id="FFBAC981FFD18A6CFED3F911FEF4F961" box="[258,344,1726,1750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="83-10-11">101183</date>
; 
<date id="FFBAC981FFD18A6CFEBCF911FE68F961" box="[365,452,1726,1750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="91-10-11">101191</date>
; 
<date id="FFBAC981FFD18A6CFE09F911FD82F961" box="[472,558,1726,1750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="93-10-11">101193</date>
; 
<date id="FFBAC981FFD18A6CFD92F912FD3BF961" box="[579,663,1725,1750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="95-10-11">101195</date>
– 
<date id="FFBAC981FFD18A6CFD77F912FD57F961" box="[678,763,1725,1750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="96-10-11">101196</date>
; 
<date id="FFBAC981FFD18A6CFCDEF911FCC8F961" box="[783,868,1726,1750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="03-10-12">101203</date>
– 
<date id="FFBAC981FFD18A6CFCA2F911FC65F961" box="[883,969,1726,1750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="04-10-12">101204</date>
; 
<date id="FFBAC981FFD18A6CFC0CF911FB9DF961" box="[989,1073,1726,1750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="13-10-12">101213</date>
from Dabaga (details as per holotype); 
<materialsCitation id="3B6CE51CFFD18A6CFEC0F94DFDB4F8A9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1700783990" collectingDate="2014-11-25" collectingDateMax="80-01-15" collectingDateMin="2014-11-25" collectionCode="MCZ" collectorName="M. Pickersgill" elevation="1850" latitude="-8.10189" location="Dabaga" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="35.902752" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="ED157784FFD18A6CFEC0F94DFEE2F94D" box="[273,334,1762,1786]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">MCZ</collectionCode>
A- 
<collectingDate id="EFFE3069FFD18A6CFEA2F94EFE65F94D" box="[371,457,1761,1786]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="80-01-15">
<date id="FFBAC981FFD18A6CFEA2F94EFE65F94D" box="[371,457,1761,1786]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="80-01-15">150180</date>
</collectingDate>
, MP1671 &amp; LR2893 collected at 
<location id="8EDBB99AFFD18A6CFC97F94EFC37F94D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD5E57FFD18A67FF46FAD0FBB7F9B0:8EDBB99AFFD18A6CFC97F94EFC37F94D" box="[838,923,1761,1786]" latitude="-8.10189" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="35.902752" name="Dabaga" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Dabaga</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE308986FFD18A6CFC7AF94EFBEFF94D" box="[939,1091,1761,1786]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" precision="1" value="-8.10189">08°06'06.8&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE308986FFD18A6CFB9EF94EFB4BF94D" box="[1103,1255,1761,1786]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" precision="1" value="35.902752">35°54'09.9&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<elevation id="00290872FFD18A6CFB22F94EFAE5F94D" box="[1267,1353,1761,1786]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" unit="m" value="1850.0">
<quantity id="4CFC42A4FFD18A6CFB22F94EFAE5F94D" box="[1267,1353,1761,1786]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" unit="m" value="1850.0">1850 m</quantity>
</elevation>
) by 
<collectorName id="26F18A97FFD18A6CFAADF94DFEA3F8A9" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">M. Pickersgill</collectorName>
on 
<collectingDate id="EFFE3069FFD18A6CFEE8F8AAFDB9F8A9" box="[313,533,1797,1822]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="2014-11-25">
<date id="FFBAC981FFD18A6CFEE8F8AAFDB9F8A9" box="[313,533,1797,1822]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="2014-11-25">25 November 2014</date>
</collectingDate>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFD18A6CFF16F886FEF5F819" blockId="2.[151,1437,1545,2038]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD18A6CFF16F886FE28F8F5" bold="true" box="[199,388,1833,1858]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Other material.</emphasis>
This material is too poorly preserved or deteriorated to use as paratype material. MCZ A- 17060–17061, 17063, 17065–17066, 17068–17070, 17072, 17074 (Kigogo, approx. 08°38'S, 35°12'E); MCZ A- 
<date id="FFBAC981FFD18A6CFF46F8DEFF47F83D" box="[151,235,1905,1930]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="73-10-11">101173</date>
– 
<date id="FFBAC981FFD18A6CFF28F8DEFEE1F83D" box="[249,333,1905,1930]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="75-10-11">101175</date>
, 
<date id="FFBAC981FFD18A6CFE8DF8DDFE1CF83D" box="[348,432,1906,1930]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="78-10-11">101178</date>
– 
<date id="FFBAC981FFD18A6CFE6FF8DDFDBEF83D" box="[446,530,1906,1930]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="82-10-11">101182</date>
, 
<date id="FFBAC981FFD18A6CFDF0F8DDFDD9F83D" box="[545,629,1906,1930]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="84-10-11">101184</date>
– 
<date id="FFBAC981FFD18A6CFD55F8DDFD74F83D" box="[644,728,1906,1930]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="90-10-11">101190</date>
, 
<date id="FFBAC981FFD18A6CFD37F8DDFC90F83D" box="[742,828,1906,1930]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="92-10-11">101192</date>
, 
<date id="FFBAC981FFD18A6CFC9AF8DDFC33F83D" box="[843,927,1906,1930]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="97-10-11">101197</date>
– 
<date id="FFBAC981FFD18A6CFC7FF8DDFBAFF83D" box="[942,1027,1906,1930]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="02-10-12">101202</date>
, 
<date id="FFBAC981FFD18A6CFBC0F8DEFBC9F83D" box="[1041,1125,1905,1930]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="05-10-12">101205</date>
– 
<date id="FFBAC981FFD18A6CFBA5F8DEFB65F83D" box="[1140,1225,1905,1930]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="12-10-12">101212</date>
, 
<date id="FFBAC981FFD18A6CFB09F8DDFA80F83D" box="[1240,1324,1906,1930]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" value="14-10-12">101214</date>
(Dabaga, details as above).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFD18A6DFF16F816FF44FF62" blockId="2.[151,1437,1545,2038]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="154" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD18A6CFF16F816FEEAF865" bold="true" box="[199,326,1977,2002]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Definition.</emphasis>
Characteristic morphological traits such as a tarsal tubercle in addition to inner and outer metatarsal tubercles, pedal webbing and well-developed subarticular tubercles, and the absence of a mid-dorsal dermal ridge, indicate the new species is a member of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD08A6DFCB5FF37FB8BFF07" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1862" box="[868,1063,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD08A6DFCB5FF37FB8BFF07" box="[868,1063,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Phrynobatrachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This is confirmed by the genetic results.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7BBFC9FFD08A6DFF46FBB8FA30FB9A" box="[151,1436,1047,1069]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051554/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" targetBox="[175,1425,260,1024]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFD08A6DFF46FBB8FA30FB9A" blockId="3.[151,1436,1047,1069]" box="[151,1436,1047,1069]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD08A6DFF46FBB8FEBEFB9B" bold="true" box="[151,274,1047,1069]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Udzungwa highlands, showing collection sites. Yellow and brown colours represent areas between 500 m–2000 m.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7BBFC9FFD08A6DFF46F942FC7EF8B4" box="[151,978,1773,1795]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFD08A6DFF46F942FC7EF8B4" blockId="3.[151,978,1773,1795]" box="[151,978,1773,1795]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD08A6DFF46F942FEBEF8B5" bold="true" box="[151,274,1773,1795]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD08A6DFEC8F942FDFEF8B4" authority="Pickersgill &amp; Zimkus &amp; Raw, 2017" authorityName="Pickersgill &amp; Zimkus &amp; Raw" authorityYear="2017" box="[281,594,1773,1795]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="discogularus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD08A6DFEC8F942FDFEF8B4" box="[281,594,1773,1795]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Phrynobatrachus discogularus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2438E28FFD08A6DFD89F941FD04F8B4" box="[600,680,1774,1795]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD08A6DFD89F941FD04F8B4" bold="true" box="[600,680,1774,1795]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, Colouration in life. Dabaga.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7BBFC9FFD78A6AFF46FAD3FAEBFA25" box="[151,1351,1404,1426]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051556/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" targetBox="[236,1343,193,1398]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFD78A6AFF46FAD3FAEBFA25" blockId="4.[151,1351,1404,1426]" box="[151,1351,1404,1426]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD78A6AFF46FAD3FEBEFA25" bold="true" box="[151,274,1404,1426]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD78A6AFEC8FAD3FDE0FA25" authority="Pickersgill &amp; Zimkus &amp; Raw, 2017" authorityName="Pickersgill &amp; Zimkus &amp; Raw" authorityYear="2017" box="[281,588,1404,1426]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="discogularis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD78A6AFEC8FAD3FDE0FA25" box="[281,588,1404,1426]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Phrynobatrachus discogularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2438E28FFD78A6AFD83FAD2FD0EFA25" box="[594,674,1405,1426]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD78A6AFD83FAD2FD0EFA25" bold="true" box="[594,674,1405,1426]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, ventrum before preservation, showing yellow gular disc. Dabaga.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFD78A6AFF16FA6FFC8EF843" blockId="4.[151,1437,1471,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<collectingRegion id="49C021A3FFD78A6AFF16FA6FFF77FA6F" box="[199,219,1472,1496]" country="Gambia" name="Upper River" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">A</collectingRegion>
small species (length of males 
<quantity id="4CFC42A4FFD78A6AFD95FA10FD46FA60" box="[580,746,1471,1496]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.765" metricValueMax="1.95" metricValueMin="1.58" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" unit="mm" value="17.65" valueMax="19.5" valueMin="15.8">15.8–19.5 mm</quantity>
, mean 
<quantity id="4CFC42A4FFD78A6AFCECFA10FC08FA60" box="[829,932,1471,1495]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.78" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" unit="mm" value="17.8">17.8 mm</quantity>
, N = 43; females 19.8–21.0 mm, mean 
<quantity id="4CFC42A4FFD78A6AFABAFA10FF69FA4C" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" unit="mm" value="20.5">20.5 mm</quantity>
, N = 4). Throat of male immaculate ivory-yellow in life (white in preservative) with a distinctive, flattened, disc-like gular pouch with continuous well-defined lateral and posterior edges. Males quite slender, females rather stocky. Legs relatively short, the tibio-tarsal articulation of adpressed hind limb reaching from the axilla to just anterior of the eye. Horizontal eye diameter a little shorter than snout length. Finger tips rounded, sometimes slightly swollen; toe tips rounded to bulbous, occasionally with weak discs on one or several toes. Toes approximately half webbed, but webbing deeply incised resulting in extensive broad fringing; subarticular tubercles pigmented; tympanum hidden to indistinct and partly obscured by postorbital fold, vertically oval, with a fragmented annulus and diameter approximately 0.25 to 0.33 into horizontal diameter of eye. Internasal distance approximately equal to interorbital distance. At their most extensive, two pairs of elongated scapular warts join to produce a lyre shape. Large femoral gland in males at least 0.5 times the length of thigh. In profile, snout has a convex upper surface. Dorsum with isolated white spinules which may be dense enough to largely obscure both pattern and skin glands. Rarely a continuous light dorsal stripe or line, associated with a transverse pale line from heel to heel. Chest and abdomen creamy white with variable degree of dusky speckling which is concentrated at the base of the forelimbs and laterally towards the flanks. Back of thighs without contrasting dark and light bands. Underside of thighs with some degree of dusky speckling.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31EBCCAFFD68A68FF16FF38FE1EFD8A" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="157" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFD68A6BFF16FF38FF56FD33" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD68A6BFF16FF38FDEFFF07" bold="true" box="[199,579,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
Description of 
<typeStatus id="54BF51E3FFD68A6BFEAAFF38FE4EFF07" box="[379,482,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="133FF3C4FFD68A6BFE22FF38FD97FF07" box="[499,571,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,724,1959]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,697,1963]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4 Phrynobatrachus discogularis sp. nov. Holotype (MCZA- 101213): a) ventrum; b) dorsum; c) lateral view of head; d) right foot, compared with e) left foot of Phrynobatrachus uzungwensis (MCZ A- 107220)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051558/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
. Body length 18.0 mm, head width 6.0 mm, tibia 
<quantity id="4CFC42A4FFD68A6BFB5AFF37FB49FF18" box="[1163,1253,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="8.8">8.8 mm</quantity>
, foot length 9.0 mm, femur length 
<quantity id="4CFC42A4FFD68A6BFEB6FF13FE6CFF63" box="[359,448,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="8.5">8.5 mm</quantity>
. Tympanum barely visible on one side, largely overlain by postorbital fold, about 0.35X into horizontal diameter of eye. Nostril equidistant between eye and snout. Finger and toe tips slightly swollen, but without definite discs. Webbing of toe I passes proximal tubercle, toe II (inner) with basal webbing but extensively fringed; II (outer) with broad web passing basal tubercle and fringed to beyond distal tubercle; III narrowly webbed to the middle tubercle on both sides; IV (inner) to middle tubercle but fringed to distal tubercle; outer webbing on IV just past proximal tubercle but fringed to middle tubercle; webbing of toe V half way between proximal and distal tubercle with fringe to distal tubercle. Webbing is unpigmented. There are indications of a web flange from the outer metatarsal tubercle along the outer edge of the foot to beyond the proximal subarticular tubercle of toe V. Inner metatarsal tubercle small, oval and pigmented; outer metatarsal tubercle is a much smaller, rounded pimple. The tarsal tubercle is small, flange-like and projecting. The tibiotarsal articulation reaches the eye. 
<collectingRegion id="49C021A3FFD68A6BFB2DFDAFFABCFDAF" box="[1276,1296,512,536]" country="Gambia" name="Upper River" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">A</collectingRegion>
pair of oval warts behind the eyes converge slightly towards a more elongated pair in the scapular region. Head shape from above almost bullet shaped; snout convex in profile. Canthus rostralis rounded, loreal region sloping and slightly concave.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7BBFC9FFD68A6BFF46F86FFBECF842" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051558/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" targetBox="[151,1436,724,1959]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFD68A6BFF46F86FFBECF842" blockId="5.[151,1436,1984,2037]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD68A6BFF46F86FFEA0F862" bold="true" box="[151,268,1984,2006]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD68A6BFEC3F86FFDE9F861" authority="Pickersgill &amp; Zimkus &amp; Raw, 2017" authorityName="Pickersgill &amp; Zimkus &amp; Raw" authorityYear="2017" box="[274,581,1984,2006]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="discogularis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD68A6BFEC3F86FFDE9F861" box="[274,581,1984,2006]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Phrynobatrachus discogularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2438E28FFD68A6BFD9DF86EFD30F861" box="[588,668,1985,2006]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD68A6BFD9DF86EFD3AF861" bold="true" box="[588,662,1985,2006]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Holotype (MCZA-101213): a) ventrum; b) dorsum; c) lateral view of head; d) right foot, compared with e) left foot of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD68A6BFD99F870FCD2F842" authorityName="Grandison &amp; Howell" authorityYear="1983" box="[584,894,2015,2037]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uzungwensis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD68A6BFD99F870FCD2F842" box="[584,894,2015,2037]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Phrynobatrachus uzungwensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MCZ A-107220).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFD58A68FF16FF38FE1EFD8A" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
Dorsal markings are difficult to discern. This may largely be due to the naturally sombre dorsal pattern in this species. The upper lip has patchy dark edging apart from an irregular paler area below the tympanum that extends towards the forelimb. 
<collectingRegion id="49C021A3FFD58A68FE5CFF4FFE0DFF4F" box="[397,417,224,248]" country="Gambia" name="Upper River" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">A</collectingRegion>
scattering of inconspicuous white spinules along upper labium. There is a dark streak from back edge of the eye to the axilla associated with a postorbital fold, bordering the pale patch dorsally. Above, brown with minute dark speckles and some larger dark spots on the dorsal and scapular warts. 
<collectingRegion id="49C021A3FFD58A68FB09FE87FB40FEF7" box="[1240,1260,296,320]" country="Gambia" name="Upper River" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">A</collectingRegion>
triangular dark patch between the eyes isolates a relatively clear paler triangle on snout. Lower flanks with heavy dark spotting. Tibia with indistinct dark transverse bands that only extend about half the width of the limb (semibars). There is a vague dark rhomboid over the anus but no associated dark banding on the backs of the thighs. Ventrally, off-white in preservative with indistinct blackish marbling at the base of the forelimbs. Thighs are light yellow with a peppering of melanophores posteriorly. The dorsum has scattered, widely-spaced, white-tipped spinules that are smaller and sparser on limbs. There are inconspicuous asperities mentally and on the anterior “gular disc,” but otherwise none ventrally.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31EBCCAFFD58A68FF16FDE8FBFEF822" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFD58A68FF16FDE8FE90FCA2" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD58A68FF16FDE8FD80FDD7" bold="true" box="[199,556,583,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
<typeStatus id="54BF51E3FFD58A68FF16FDE8FE93FDD7" box="[199,319,583,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
and other material.
</emphasis>
The tympanum varies from being almost completely hidden by the postorbital fold to partially distinct, vertically oval and 0.25–0.33X the horizontal diameter of the eye. The head width as a percentage of body length ranges from 30–38% (mean 33%, N 
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD58A68FC89FD20FCC4FD1F" bold="true" box="[856,872,655,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">=</emphasis>
43); head width/tibia ratio 62–84% (mean 72%, N = 42); tibia/body length 42–55% (mean 49%, N = 45); foot length/body length 41–57% (mean 54%, N = 45); femur length/body length 38–50% (mean 45%, N = 44). Metatarsal tubercles are slightly closer together than to the tarsal tubercle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFD58A68FF16FCB0FC6BFBA7" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
There is some variation in webbing, largely due to its interpretation as deeply-incised webbing as opposed to well-developed fringing on the digits (
<figureCitation id="133FF3C4FFD58A68FD9CFCEBFD0EFCEA" box="[589,674,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,724,1959]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,697,1963]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4 Phrynobatrachus discogularis sp. nov. Holotype (MCZA- 101213): a) ventrum; b) dorsum; c) lateral view of head; d) right foot, compared with e) left foot of Phrynobatrachus uzungwensis (MCZ A- 107220)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051558/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Fig. 4d</figureCitation>
). In general, toe I has basal webbing, although the web fringe may extend almost as far as the last phalanx; toe II has 1–2 phalanges free of broad webbing, but with extensive fringing to or almost to the last phalanx; toe III has 2–2.5 phalanges free, but may be fringed to the last phalanx; toe IV has 3 phalanges free, but with fringing at least to the penultimate phalanx, and toe V has 1–2 phalanges free, but again with extensive fringing. The tips of the fingers vary between tapering and bulbous but lack discs; toe tips are equally variable, and there may be weak swellings on one to three digits.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFD58A68FF16FBB3FCCEFB17" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
The most recently collected males have well-developed, isolated dorsal spinules, but these are seldom present in the specimens collected by Loveridge between 
<date id="FFBAC981FFD58A68FD06FBEFFC2AFBEF" box="[727,902,1087,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" value="1927" valueMax="1930">1927 and 1930</date>
. Although Loveridge’s material is now for the most part soft and discoloured and there is considerable sloughing of the outer skin layers, the 
<typeStatus id="54BF51E3FFD58A68FB6BFBCBFAB0FBCA" box="[1210,1308,1124,1149]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is firm and in good condition, and still retains evidence of dorsal asperities.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFD58A68FF16FB03FCE9F9C2" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD58A68FF16FB03FE2EFB72" bold="true" box="[199,386,1196,1221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Colour pattern</emphasis>
. (In preservative) The dorsal pattern of preserved material is rather sombre, with few remarkable features. The overall impression is of a brown frog with diffuse darker markings sometimes presenting as a pair of dark spots over the scapulae. 
<collectingRegion id="49C021A3FFD58A68FDBFFB5BFD2EFABB" box="[622,642,1268,1292]" country="Gambia" name="Upper River" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">A</collectingRegion>
dark post-orbital streak is common. Very few specimens have a welldefined fine light vertebral line to the tip of the snout, generally associated with a light line from heel to heel. There are no distinct dark lateral bands, and the markings on the back of the thighs show little or no contrast. The upper labium lacks distinctive markings although there is often a diffuse lighter area between the back of the eye and the forelimb; the lower labium has a narrow dark margin that may be broken up into dark patches. Ventrally, virtually immaculate to possessing vague isolated ventral spots composed of aggregations of melanophores, predominantly towards the sides or pectorally, seldom continuous across the middle of the venter. The gular disc is typically immaculate, seldom with scattered melanophores that tend to be more concentrated anteriorly. Ventrally, females are immaculate or more commonly with dark blotches, particularly in the pectoral region but sometimes weakly over the entire throat and venter. The underside of the thighs in both sexes is dusted with melanophores. 
<collectionCode id="ED157784FFD58A68FF46F9F3FF49F9C2" box="[151,229,1628,1653]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">MTSN</collectionCode>
32619 has a weak dark band on the back of the thighs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFD58A68FF16F92EFD93F89F" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
In life, dorsal markings are more distinct although occasionally obscured by warts and asperities. The dorsal surface of the humerus is generally paler than the dorsum, with a pinkish brown hue. Ventrally almost uniformly whitish or more commonly with dusky brown mottlings pectorally and towards the flanks. Thighs yellowish with a salt-and-pepper effect of dark and light speckles more densely concentrated anteriorly and posteriorly. Throat of male clear bright yellow (
<figureCitation id="133FF3C4FFD58A68FE66F8A0FE51F89F" box="[439,509,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1773,1795]" captionText="FIGURE 2. Phrynobatrachus discogularus sp. nov., Colouration in life. Dabaga." pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Figs 2</figureCitation>
&amp; 
<figureCitation id="133FF3C4FFD58A68FDF0F8BFFD9DF89F" box="[545,561,1808,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1404,1426]" captionTargetBox="[236,1343,193,1398]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[236,1365,175,1401]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phrynobatrachus discogularis sp. nov., ventrum before preservation, showing yellow gular disc. Dabaga." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051556/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFD58A68FF16F89BFBFEF822" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD58A68FF16F89BFE1AF8FA" bold="true" box="[199,438,1844,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Sexual dimorphism</emphasis>
. Females are slightly larger than males, and noticeably stockier; females lack the secondary sexual characteristics of males such as a gular disc, thenar and femoral swellings. The gular disc in males is usually immaculate; the gular region in females is more frequently blotched.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31EBCCAFFD58A69FF16F80FFE94FD33" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="158" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFD58A69FF16F80FFEAFFEAB" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,644]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="158" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD58A68FF16F80FFE4BF80E" bold="true" box="[199,487,1952,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Genetic differentiation</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD58A68FDD7F80FFCC0F80F" authority="Pickersgill &amp; Zimkus &amp; Raw, 2017" authorityName="Pickersgill &amp; Zimkus &amp; Raw" authorityYear="2017" box="[518,876,1952,1976]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="discogularis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD58A68FDD7F80FFCC0F80F" box="[518,876,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Phrynobatrachus discogularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2438E28FFD58A68FC55F80FFC42F80E" box="[900,1006,1952,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD58A68FC55F80FFC42F80E" bold="true" box="[900,1006,1952,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
was compared with all known 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD58A68FF46F86BFEF6F86B" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1862" box="[151,346,1988,2012]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD58A68FF46F86BFEF6F86B" box="[151,346,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Phrynobatrachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species with published 
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD58A68FDB6F86BFD3DF86B" box="[615,657,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">16S</emphasis>
rRNA sequence data and was identified within clade B of Zimkus 
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD58A69FA59F86AFF18FF07" italics="true" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="158" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">et al.</emphasis>
(2010). 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FEC6FF36FE12FF07" authorityName="Pickersgill &amp; Zimkus &amp; Raw" authorityYear="2017" box="[279,446,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="discogularis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FEC6FF36FE12FF07" box="[279,446,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">P. discogularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differed between 4–12% when compared with 15 
<collectingRegion id="49C021A3FFD48A69FBD5FF37FB98FF18" box="[1028,1076,152,175]" country="Cameroon" name="East" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">East</collectingRegion>
African species within clade B (
<tableCitation id="C686DAFAFFD48A69FF4FFF13FF59FF63" box="[158,245,188,213]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,239,687,710]" captionText="TABLE 1. Genetic distance (uncorrected p-value) in the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene between P. discogularis sp. nov. (MCZ A- 150180; GenBank MF 683847) and other East African Phrynobatrachus species within clade B identified by Zimkus et al. (2010)." pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Table 1</tableCitation>
). This species was most similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FD43FF12FBCDFF63" authority="Barbour &amp; Loveridge, 1928" authorityName="Barbour &amp; Loveridge" authorityYear="1928" box="[658,1121,188,213]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keniensis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FD43FF12FCBBFF63" box="[658,791,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">P. keniensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9592B0FFD48A69FCF1FF13FBCDFF63" author="Barbour" box="[800,1121,188,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refString="Barbour, T. &amp; Loveridge, A. (1928) New frogs of the genus Phrynobatrachus from the Congo and Kenya Colony. In: Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club, 10, pp. 87 - 90." type="journal article" year="1928">
Barbour &amp; Loveridge, 
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FBF8FF13FBCDFF63" box="[1065,1121,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">1928</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FBA0FF12FF76FF4F" authority="(Loveridge, 1932)" authorityName="Loveridge" authorityYear="1932" baseAuthorityName="Loveridge" baseAuthorityYear="1932" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rungwensis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FBA0FF12FAA2FF63" box="[1137,1294,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">P. rungwensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9592B0FFD48A69FAF1FF13FF7FFF4F" author="Loveridge" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refString="Loveridge, A. (1932) New reptiles and amphibians from Tanganyika Territory and Kenya Colony. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 72, 375 - 387." type="journal article" year="1932">Loveridge, 1932</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FF36FF4EFD7DFF4F" authority="Grandison &amp; Howell, 1983" authorityName="Grandison &amp; Howell" authorityYear="1983" box="[231,721,223,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uzungwensis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FF36FF4EFE3DFF40" box="[231,401,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">P. uzungwensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9592B0FFD48A69FE4BFF70FD7DFF4F" author="Grandison" box="[410,721,223,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refString="Grandison, A. G. C. &amp; Howell, K. M. (1983) A new forest species of Phrynobatrachus (Anura: Ranidae) from Morogoro Region, Tanzania. Amphibia-Reptilia, 4, 117 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 156853883 X 00030" type="journal article" year="1983">Grandison &amp; Howell, 1983</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FCDFFF4EFC71FF40" authorityName="Grandison &amp; Howell" authorityYear="1983" box="[782,989,223,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uzungwensis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FCDFFF4EFC88FF4F" box="[782,804,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">P.</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FC81FF4FFC71FF40" box="[848,989,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">uzungwensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, an unidentified species from 
<collectingCountry id="F313AFD1FFD48A69FAE6FF70FA37FF4F" box="[1335,1435,223,248]" name="Tanzania" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
(
<tableCitation id="C686DAFAFFD48A69FF4FFEABFF5EFEAB" box="[158,242,260,285]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,239,687,710]" captionText="TABLE 1. Genetic distance (uncorrected p-value) in the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene between P. discogularis sp. nov. (MCZ A- 150180; GenBank MF 683847) and other East African Phrynobatrachus species within clade B identified by Zimkus et al. (2010)." pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFD48A69FF16FE88FE94FD33" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,644]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FF16FE88FDE9FEF7" bold="true" box="[199,581,295,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Comparison with other species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FD9CFE87FC08FEF7" authority="Pickersgill &amp; Zimkus &amp; Raw, 2017" authorityName="Pickersgill &amp; Zimkus &amp; Raw" authorityYear="2017" box="[589,932,296,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="discogularis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FD9CFE87FC08FEF7" box="[589,932,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Phrynobatrachus discogularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2438E28FFD48A69FC7CFE88FBA5FEF7" box="[941,1033,295,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FC7CFE88FBA5FEF7" bold="true" box="[941,1033,295,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is an unremarkable-looking, rather plain animal. The most distinctive character is the gular apparatus in males: the throat is bright yellow, with lateral gular folds that are well-defined and continuous with a posterior fold, resulting effectively in a rounded or triangular disc most commonly associated with 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FD67FE3BFC9EFE1B" box="[694,818,404,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FD67FE3BFC9EFE1B" box="[694,818,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Hyperolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FC8BFE3BFC6DFE1B" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1944" box="[858,961,404,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Afrixalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FC8BFE3BFC6DFE1B" box="[858,961,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Afrixalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. There is little or no bagginess of the gular region itself. While the gular apparatus in many smaller species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FC37FE17FB05FE67" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1862" box="[998,1193,440,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FC37FE17FB05FE67" box="[998,1193,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Phrynobatrachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may relax into lateral and posterior folds, occasionally resulting in a disc-like gular flap or pouch (
<figureCitation id="133FF3C4FFD48A69FC2BFE73FB92FE42" box="[1018,1086,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1851,1873]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1023,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,1023,1826]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Gular apparatus in several Phrynobatrachus species, showing some of the range of variation within species: a &amp; b) discogularis sp. nov. from Dabaga, Tanzania; c) kreffti from Amani, Tanzania; d) uzungwensis from Nyange, Tanzania; e) pallidus from Ubungo, Tanzania; f) breviceps from Mafinga, Tanzania; g) mababiensis from Meerensee, South Africa; h) mababiensis from Katima Mulilo, Namibia; i) rungwensis from Mzuzu, Malawi; j) rungwensis from Kasungu, Malawi; k) parvulus from Mzuzu, Malawi; l) parvulus from Iringa, Tanzania; m &amp; n) scheffleri from Bermi, Tanzania; o) ukingensis from Lake Mugasera, Rwanda." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051560/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
), in no other described species has the constancy of this feature been noted apart from in 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FCF9FDAEFB34FDAF" authority="(Chabanaud, 1921)" authorityName="Chabanaud" authorityYear="1921" baseAuthorityName="Chabanaud" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[808,1176,511,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosus">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FCF9FDAEFC15FDAF" box="[808,953,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">P. gutturosus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9592B0FFD48A69FC18FE50FB3CFDAF" author="Chabanaud" box="[969,1168,511,536]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refString="Chabanaud, P. (1921) Contribution a l'etude de la faune herpetologique de l'Afrique Occidentale: deuxieme note. Bulletin du Comite d'Etudes Historiques et Scientifiques de l'Afrique Occidentale Francaise, 1921, 445 - 472." type="journal article" year="1921">Chabanaud, 1921</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingRegion id="49C021A3FFD48A69FB0FFDAFFAB9FDA0" box="[1246,1301,512,535]" country="Tanzania" name="Mjini Magharibi" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">West</collectingRegion>
Africa, and in none of these species is this ‘gular disc’ bright yellow in colour. 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FC4EFD8BFB59FD8B" authorityName="Pickersgill &amp; Zimkus &amp; Raw" authorityYear="2017" box="[927,1269,548,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="discogularis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FC4EFD8BFB59FD8B" box="[927,1269,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Phrynobatrachus discogularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
further differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FF05FDE6FEC9FDD7" baseAuthorityName="Chabanaud" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[212,357,585,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosus">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FF05FDE6FEC9FDD7" box="[212,357,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">P. gutturosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its more extensive pedal webbing (rudimentary, not passing proximal subarticular tubercle in 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FF46FDC2FE8BFD33" baseAuthorityName="Chabanaud" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[151,295,621,644]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosus">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FF46FDC2FE8BFD33" box="[151,295,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">P. gutturosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF7BBFC9FFD48A69FF46FD00FED5FCBA" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFD48A69FF46FD00FED5FCBA" blockId="7.[151,1437,686,781]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FF46FD00FEA6FD71" bold="true" box="[151,266,687,710]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Genetic distance (uncorrected p-value) in the mitochondrial 
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FC44FD01FC11FD71" box="[917,957,686,710]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">16S</emphasis>
rRNA gene between 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FB74FD00FAEEFD71" authority="Pickersgill &amp; Zimkus &amp; Raw, 2017" authorityName="Pickersgill &amp; Zimkus &amp; Raw" authorityYear="2017" box="[1189,1346,686,710]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="discogularis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FB74FD00FAEEFD71" box="[1189,1346,686,710]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">P. discogularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2438E28FFD48A69FA9BFD00FA31FD71" box="[1354,1437,687,710]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MCZ A-150180; GenBank 
<accessionNumber id="945772A2FFD48A69FE1AFD7DFDE8FD5E" box="[459,580,722,745]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MF683847" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">MF683847</accessionNumber>
) and other East African 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FC82FD7EFBA0FD5E" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1862" box="[851,1036,721,745]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FC82FD7EFBA0FD5E" box="[851,1036,721,745]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Phrynobatrachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species within clade B identified by Zimkus 
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FF3EFD59FEB1FCBA" box="[239,285,757,781]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">et al</emphasis>
. (2010).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFD48A69FF4EFC86FBCBFA7D" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<table id="F9041DE1FFD47591FF4EFC86FB47FA7D" box="[159,1259,809,1482]" gridcols="3" gridrows="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<tr id="3534ED03FFD47591FF4EFC86FB47FCE9" box="[159,1259,809,862]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<th id="76E5847FFFD47591FF4EFC86FEFBFCE9" box="[159,343,809,862]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Species</th>
<th id="76E5847FFFD47591FE22FC86FD4BFCE9" box="[499,743,809,862]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
Genetic distance to 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FE25FCE6FD25FCE9" authority="Pickersgill &amp; Zimkus &amp; Raw, 2017" authorityName="Pickersgill &amp; Zimkus &amp; Raw" authorityYear="2017" box="[500,649,840,862]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="discogularis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FE25FCE6FD25FCE9" box="[500,649,840,862]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">P. discogularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2438E28FFD48A69FD47FCE7FD4BFCEA" box="[662,743,840,861]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FD47FCE7FD4BFCEA" bold="true" box="[662,743,840,861]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</th>
<th id="76E5847FFFD47591FC42FC86FB47FCE9" box="[915,1259,809,862]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">GenBank No.</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3534ED03FFD47591FF4EFCDEFB47FC30" box="[159,1259,881,903]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<th id="76E5847FFFD47591FF4EFCDEFEFBFC30" box="[159,343,881,903]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FF4EFCDDFE9BFC30" authorityName="Largen" authorityYear="2001" box="[159,311,882,903]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inexpectatus">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FF4EFCDDFE9BFC30" box="[159,311,882,903]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">P. inexpectatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76E5847FFFD47591FE22FCDEFD4BFC30" box="[499,743,881,903]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">6.82%</td>
<td id="76E5847FFFD47591FC42FCDEFB47FC30" box="[915,1259,881,903]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<accessionNumber id="945772A2FFD48A69FC42FCDEFBACFC30" box="[915,1024,881,903]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/EU075290" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">EU075290</accessionNumber>
– 
<accessionNumber id="945772A2FFD48A69FBDCFCDEFBD7FC30" box="[1037,1147,881,903]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/EU075292" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">EU075292</accessionNumber>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3534ED03FFD47591FF4EFC35FB47FC07" box="[159,1259,922,944]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<th id="76E5847FFFD47591FF4EFC35FEFBFC07" box="[159,343,922,944]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FF4EFC34FE8EFC07" box="[159,290,922,944]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kakamikro">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FF4EFC34FE8EFC07" box="[159,290,922,944]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">P. kakamikro</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76E5847FFFD47591FE22FC35FD4BFC07" box="[499,743,922,944]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">7.10–7.69%</td>
<td id="76E5847FFFD47591FC42FC35FB47FC07" box="[915,1259,922,944]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<accessionNumber id="945772A2FFD48A69FC42FC35FC5BFC07" box="[915,1015,922,944]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ889456" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">FJ889456</accessionNumber>
– 
<accessionNumber id="945772A2FFD48A69FBD5FC35FBCBFC07" box="[1028,1127,922,944]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ889458" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">FJ889458</accessionNumber>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3534ED03FFD47591FF4EFC6BFB47FC6D" box="[159,1259,964,986]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<th id="76E5847FFFD47591FF4EFC6BFEFBFC6D" box="[159,343,964,986]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FF4EFC6AFEB9FC6D" authorityName="Barbour &amp; Loveridge" authorityYear="1928" box="[159,277,964,986]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keniensis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FF4EFC6AFEB9FC6D" box="[159,277,964,986]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">P. keniensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76E5847FFFD47591FE22FC6BFD4BFC6D" box="[499,743,964,986]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">4.49–4.88%</td>
<td id="76E5847FFFD47591FC42FC6BFB47FC6D" box="[915,1259,964,986]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<accessionNumber id="945772A2FFD48A69FC42FC6BFBAFFC6D" box="[915,1027,964,986]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/EU075293" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">EU075293</accessionNumber>
, 
<accessionNumber id="945772A2FFD48A69FBDCFC6BFBDDFC6D" box="[1037,1137,964,986]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ829270" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">FJ829270</accessionNumber>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3534ED03FFD47591FF4EFC42FB47FBB4" box="[159,1259,1005,1027]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<th id="76E5847FFFD47591FF4EFC42FEFBFBB4" box="[159,343,1005,1027]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FF4EFC41FE9AFBB4" authorityName="Fitzsimons" authorityYear="1932" box="[159,310,1005,1027]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mababiensis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FF4EFC41FE9AFBB4" box="[159,310,1005,1027]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">P. mababiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
B
</th>
<td id="76E5847FFFD47591FE22FC42FD4BFBB4" box="[499,743,1005,1027]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">10.44–11.61%</td>
<td id="76E5847FFFD47591FC42FC42FB47FBB4" box="[915,1259,1005,1027]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<accessionNumber id="945772A2FFD48A69FC42FC42FC55FBB4" box="[915,1017,1005,1027]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ829277" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">FJ829277</accessionNumber>
, 
<accessionNumber id="945772A2FFD48A69FBD2FC42FBCBFBB4" box="[1027,1127,1005,1027]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ829278" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">FJ829278</accessionNumber>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3534ED03FFD47591FF4EFBB9FB47FB9A" box="[159,1259,1046,1069]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<th id="76E5847FFFD47591FF4EFBB9FEFBFB9A" box="[159,343,1046,1069]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FF4EFBB7FE9AFB9B" authorityName="Fitzsimons" authorityYear="1932" box="[159,310,1046,1069]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mababiensis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FF4EFBB7FE9AFB9B" box="[159,310,1046,1069]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">P. mababiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
C
</th>
<td id="76E5847FFFD47591FE22FBB9FD4BFB9A" box="[499,743,1046,1069]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">8.73–8.77%</td>
<td id="76E5847FFFD47591FC42FBB9FB47FB9A" box="[915,1259,1046,1069]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<accessionNumber id="945772A2FFD48A69FC42FBB9FC5AFB9B" box="[915,1014,1046,1068]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ829281" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">FJ829281</accessionNumber>
– 
<accessionNumber id="945772A2FFD48A69FBD2FBB9FBCBFB9B" box="[1027,1127,1046,1068]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ829283" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">FJ829283</accessionNumber>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3534ED03FFD47591FF4EFBEFFB47FBE1" box="[159,1259,1088,1110]" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<th id="76E5847FFFD47591FF4EFBEFFEFBFBE1" box="[159,343,1088,1110]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FF4EFBEEFEA4FBE1" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[159,264,1089,1110]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FF4EFBEEFEA4FBE1" box="[159,264,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">P. minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76E5847FFFD47591FE22FBEFFD4BFBE1" box="[499,743,1088,1110]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">7.44–7.57%</td>
<td id="76E5847FFFD47591FC42FBEFFB47FBE1" box="[915,1259,1088,1110]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<accessionNumber id="945772A2FFD48A69FC42FBEFFC5BFBE1" box="[915,1015,1088,1110]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ829284" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">FJ829284</accessionNumber>
– 
<accessionNumber id="945772A2FFD48A69FBD5FBEFFBCBFBE1" box="[1028,1127,1088,1110]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ829287" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">FJ829287</accessionNumber>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3534ED03FFD47591FF4EFBC6FB47FBC8" box="[159,1259,1129,1151]" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<th id="76E5847FFFD47591FF4EFBC6FEFBFBC8" box="[159,343,1129,1151]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FF4EFBC5FEBAFBC8" baseAuthorityName="Nieden" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[159,278,1129,1151]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scheffleri">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FF4EFBC5FEBAFBC8" box="[159,278,1129,1151]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">P. scheffleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76E5847FFFD47591FE22FBC6FD4BFBC8" box="[499,743,1129,1151]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">6.16–6.17%</td>
<td id="76E5847FFFD47591FC42FBC6FB47FBC8" box="[915,1259,1129,1151]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<accessionNumber id="945772A2FFD48A69FC42FBC6FBAFFBC8" box="[915,1027,1129,1151]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/EU075288" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">EU075288</accessionNumber>
, 
<accessionNumber id="945772A2FFD48A69FBDCFBC6FBD7FBC8" box="[1037,1147,1129,1151]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/EU075289" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">EU075289</accessionNumber>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3534ED03FFD47591FF4EFB3DFB47FB1F" box="[159,1259,1170,1192]" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<th id="76E5847FFFD47591FF4EFB3DFEFBFB1F" box="[159,343,1170,1192]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FF4EFB3CFE87FB1F" baseAuthorityName="Loveridge" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[159,299,1171,1192]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rungwensis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FF4EFB3CFE87FB1F" box="[159,299,1171,1192]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">P. rungwensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76E5847FFFD47591FE22FB3DFD4BFB1F" box="[499,743,1170,1192]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">4.24–4.63%</td>
<td id="76E5847FFFD47591FC42FB3DFB47FB1F" box="[915,1259,1170,1192]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<accessionNumber id="945772A2FFD48A69FC42FB3DFBACFB1F" box="[915,1024,1170,1192]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/EU075298" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">EU075298</accessionNumber>
– 
<accessionNumber id="945772A2FFD48A69FBDCFB3DFBD7FB1F" box="[1037,1147,1170,1192]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/EU075300" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">EU075300</accessionNumber>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3534ED03FFD47591FF4EFB13FB47FB65" box="[159,1259,1212,1234]" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<th id="76E5847FFFD47591FF4EFB13FEFBFB65" box="[159,343,1212,1234]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FF4EFB12FEA6FB65" authorityName="Pickersgill" authorityYear="2007" box="[159,266,1212,1234]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FF4EFB12FEA6FB65" box="[159,266,1212,1234]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">P. pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76E5847FFFD47591FE22FB13FD4BFB65" box="[499,743,1212,1234]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">8.92%</td>
<td id="76E5847FFFD47591FC42FB13FB47FB65" box="[915,1259,1212,1234]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<accessionNumber id="945772A2FFD48A69FC42FB13FBACFB65" box="[915,1024,1212,1234]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/EU075294" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">EU075294</accessionNumber>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3534ED03FFD47591FF4EFB4AFB47FB4C" box="[159,1259,1253,1275]" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<th id="76E5847FFFD47591FF4EFB4AFEFBFB4C" box="[159,343,1253,1275]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FF4EFB49FEBCFB4C" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[159,272,1253,1275]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvulus">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FF4EFB49FEBCFB4C" box="[159,272,1253,1275]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">P. parvulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76E5847FFFD47591FE22FB4AFD4BFB4C" box="[499,743,1253,1275]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">8.42–8.78%</td>
<td id="76E5847FFFD47591FC42FB4AFB47FB4C" box="[915,1259,1253,1275]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<accessionNumber id="945772A2FFD48A69FC42FB4AFC55FB4C" box="[915,1017,1253,1275]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ829310" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">FJ829310</accessionNumber>
, 
<accessionNumber id="945772A2FFD48A69FBD2FB4AFBDDFB4C" box="[1027,1137,1253,1275]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/EU075295" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">EU075295</accessionNumber>
– 
<accessionNumber id="945772A2FFD48A69FBAFFB4AFB47FB4C" box="[1150,1259,1253,1275]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/EU075297" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">EU075297</accessionNumber>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3534ED03FFD47591FF4EFAA1FB47FA92" box="[159,1259,1294,1317]" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<th id="76E5847FFFD47591FF4EFAA1FEFBFA92" box="[159,343,1294,1317]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FF4EFABFFEA6FA92" authorityName="Pickersgill" authorityYear="2007" box="[159,266,1296,1317]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ungujae">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FF4EFABFFEA6FA92" box="[159,266,1296,1317]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">P. ungujae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76E5847FFFD47591FE22FAA1FD4BFA92" box="[499,743,1294,1317]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">10.56%</td>
<td id="76E5847FFFD47591FC42FAA1FB47FA92" box="[915,1259,1294,1317]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<accessionNumber id="945772A2FFD48A69FC42FAA1FC5AFA93" box="[915,1014,1294,1316]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ829315" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">FJ829315</accessionNumber>
– 
<accessionNumber id="945772A2FFD48A69FBD2FAA1FBCBFA93" box="[1027,1127,1294,1316]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ829316" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">FJ829316</accessionNumber>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3534ED03FFD47591FF4EFA97FB47FAF9" box="[159,1259,1336,1358]" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<th id="76E5847FFFD47591FF4EFA97FEFBFAF9" box="[159,343,1336,1358]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FF4EFA96FE8FFAF9" baseAuthorityName="Loveridge" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[159,291,1336,1358]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ukingensis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FF4EFA96FE8FFAF9" box="[159,291,1336,1358]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">P. ukingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76E5847FFFD47591FE22FA97FD4BFAF9" box="[499,743,1336,1358]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">10.56%</td>
<td id="76E5847FFFD47591FC42FA97FB47FAF9" box="[915,1259,1336,1358]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<accessionNumber id="945772A2FFD48A69FC42FA97FBACFAF9" box="[915,1024,1336,1358]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/EU075301" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">EU075301</accessionNumber>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3534ED03FFD47591FF4EFACEFB47FAC0" box="[159,1259,1377,1399]" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<th id="76E5847FFFD47591FF4EFACEFEFBFAC0" box="[159,343,1377,1399]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FF4EFACDFE94FAC0" authorityName="Grandison &amp; Howell" authorityYear="1983" box="[159,312,1378,1399]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uzungwensis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FF4EFACDFE94FAC0" box="[159,312,1378,1399]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">P. uzungwensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76E5847FFFD47591FE22FACEFD4BFAC0" box="[499,743,1377,1399]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">4.42%</td>
<td id="76E5847FFFD47591FC42FACEFB47FAC0" box="[915,1259,1377,1399]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<accessionNumber id="945772A2FFD48A69FC42FACEFC5BFAC0" box="[915,1015,1377,1399]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ829317" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">FJ829317</accessionNumber>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3534ED03FFD47591FF4EFA25FB47FA17" box="[159,1259,1418,1440]" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<th id="76E5847FFFD47591FF4EFA25FEFBFA17" box="[159,343,1418,1440]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FF4EFA24FEFBFA17" authorityName="Grandison &amp; Howell" authorityYear="1983" box="[159,343,1418,1440]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uzungwensis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FF4EFA24FEFBFA17" box="[159,343,1418,1440]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">P. cf. uzungwensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76E5847FFFD47591FE22FA25FD4BFA17" box="[499,743,1418,1440]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">4.11%</td>
<td id="76E5847FFFD47591FC42FA25FB47FA17" box="[915,1259,1418,1440]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<accessionNumber id="945772A2FFD48A69FC42FA25FBA8FA17" box="[915,1028,1418,1440]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/GU457544" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">GU457544</accessionNumber>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3534ED03FFD47591FF4EFA1BFB47FA7D" box="[159,1259,1460,1482]" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<th id="76E5847FFFD47591FF4EFA1BFEFBFA7D" box="[159,343,1460,1482]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FF4EFA1AFF7EFA7D" box="[159,210,1461,1482]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">P. sp.</emphasis>
(Ethiopia)
</th>
<td id="76E5847FFFD47591FE22FA1BFD4BFA7D" box="[499,743,1460,1482]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">11.67%</td>
<td id="76E5847FFFD47591FC42FA1BFB47FA7D" box="[915,1259,1460,1482]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<accessionNumber id="945772A2FFD48A69FC42FA1BFC5AFA7D" box="[915,1014,1460,1482]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ829311" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">FJ829311</accessionNumber>
– 
<accessionNumber id="945772A2FFD48A69FBD3FA1BFBCBFA7D" box="[1026,1127,1460,1482]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ829313" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">FJ829313</accessionNumber>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C31EBCCAFFD48A69FF16F9BEFD35F86D" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFD48A69FF16F9BEFE64F8B5" blockId="7.[151,1437,1553,2010]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FF16F9BEFDB8F99E" ID-CoL="6VDNW" baseAuthorityName="Loveridge" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[199,532,1553,1577]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rungwensis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FF16F9BEFDB8F99E" box="[199,532,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Phrynobatrachus rungwensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
superficially resembles the new species. Zimkus 
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FB8AF9BDFB3BF99E" box="[1115,1175,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">et al.</emphasis>
(2012) found that the webbing of ten 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FE9DF999FE44F9FA" ID-CoL="6VDNW" baseAuthorityName="Loveridge" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[332,488,1590,1613]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rungwensis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FE9DF999FE44F9FA" box="[332,488,1590,1613]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">P. rungwensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens ranged from 2.5–3 joints free on the fourth toe; therefore, not unlike 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FA56F999FE8EF9C6" ID-CoL="6VDZQ" authorityName="Pickersgill &amp; Zimkus &amp; Raw" authorityYear="2017" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="discogularis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FA56F999FE8EF9C6" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">P. discogularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The toes may be bulbous to weakly disked, and the gular skin in males forms a posterior flap, resulting in a ‘loose pouch’ (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9592B0FFD48A69FE33F9D2FD45F921" author="Schmidt" box="[482,745,1661,1686]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refString="Schmidt, K. P. &amp; Inger, R. F. (1959) &quot; Amphibians exclusive of the genera Hyperolius and Afrixalus &quot; In: Exploration du Parc National de l'Upemba. Fascicule 56. Mission G. F. de Witte, Bruxelles, pp. 1 - 264." type="journal article" year="1959">Schmidt &amp; Inger 1959</bibRefCitation>
). Schmidt &amp; Inger originally referred their large series from Upemba National Park to 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FE6FF90DFDE3F90E" ID-CoL="4GW99" baseAuthorityName="Chabanaud" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[446,591,1698,1721]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosus">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FE6FF90DFDE3F90E" box="[446,591,1698,1721]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">P. gutturosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This material was subsequently identified as 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FB8BF90DFB5AF90E" ID-CoL="6VDNW" baseAuthorityName="Loveridge" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[1114,1270,1698,1721]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rungwensis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FB8BF90DFB5AF90E" box="[1114,1270,1698,1721]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">P. rungwensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9592B0FFD48A69FAF0F90DFEFAF969" author="Poynton" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refString="Poynton, J. C. &amp; Broadley, D. G. (1985) Amphibia Zambesiaca 2. Ranidae. Annals of the Natal Museum, 27, 115 - 181." type="journal article" year="1985">Poynton &amp; Broadley (1985)</bibRefCitation>
. Unlike 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FE6BF96AFDE9F96A" ID-CoL="6VDZQ" authorityName="Pickersgill &amp; Zimkus &amp; Raw" authorityYear="2017" box="[442,581,1733,1757]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="discogularis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FE6BF96AFDE9F96A" box="[442,581,1733,1757]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">discogularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the gular region in males has dark pigmentation (Schmidt &amp; Inger 
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FAB3F96AFA22F96A" box="[1378,1422,1733,1757]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">ibid</emphasis>
.; Poynton &amp; Broadley 
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FE54F946FE1DF8B6" box="[389,433,1769,1793]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">ibid</emphasis>
.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFD48A69FF16F8A2FB83F8D9" blockId="7.[151,1437,1553,2010]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FF16F8A2FD6CF891" ID-CoL="6VDZN" authority="Pickersgill, 2007" authorityName="Pickersgill" authorityYear="2007" box="[199,704,1805,1830]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="breviceps">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FF16F8A2FE57F892" box="[199,507,1805,1829]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Phrynobatrachus breviceps</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9592B0FFD48A69FDD3F8A2FD6CF891" author="Pickersgill" box="[514,704,1805,1830]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refString="Pickersgill, M. (2007) Frog Search. Results of expeditions to Southern and Eastern Africa. Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 574 pp." type="book" year="2007">Pickersgill, 2007</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was described from Mafinga, 
<collectingCountry id="F313AFD1FFD48A69FBC6F8A2FBD7F891" box="[1047,1147,1805,1830]" name="Tanzania" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
from a single adult male. Although pedal webbing is as extensive as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FD43F89EFCB0F8FE" ID-CoL="6VDZQ" authorityName="Pickersgill &amp; Zimkus &amp; Raw" authorityYear="2017" box="[658,796,1841,1865]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="discogularis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FD43F89EFCB0F8FE" box="[658,796,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">discogularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the snout is brief, shorter than the horizontal diameter of the eye, while the gular skin is dark and collapses into median and posterior folds.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFD48A69FF16F8D6FD35F86D" blockId="7.[151,1437,1553,2010]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
The yellow gular region distinguishes 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FDAEF8D5FC8BF826" ID-CoL="6VDZQ" authorityName="Pickersgill &amp; Zimkus &amp; Raw" authorityYear="2017" box="[639,807,1913,1937]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="discogularis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FDAEF8D5FC8BF826" box="[639,807,1913,1937]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">P. discogularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from all eastern African species apart from 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FAF7F8D5FECBF801" authority="(Boulenger, 1895)" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1895" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FAF7F8D5FA30F826" box="[1318,1436,1914,1937]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">P. minutus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9592B0FFD48A69FF4FF832FEF2F801" author="Boulenger" box="[158,350,1949,1974]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1895) An account of the reptiles and batrachians collected by Dr. A. Donaldson Smith in western Somali-land and the Galla Country. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1895, 530 - 540." type="proceedings paper" year="1895">Boulenger, 1895</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FEA5F831FD4BF801" ID-CoL="4GW7X" authority="Schmidt &amp; Inger, 1959" authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Inger" authorityYear="1959" box="[372,743,1949,1974]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anotis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FEA5F831FE79F802" box="[372,469,1950,1973]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">P. anotis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9592B0FFD48A69FE0FF832FD4BF801" author="Schmidt" box="[478,743,1949,1974]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refString="Schmidt, K. P. &amp; Inger, R. F. (1959) &quot; Amphibians exclusive of the genera Hyperolius and Afrixalus &quot; In: Exploration du Parc National de l'Upemba. Fascicule 56. Mission G. F. de Witte, Bruxelles, pp. 1 - 264." type="journal article" year="1959">Schmidt &amp; Inger, 1959</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FD22F831FBB4F801" authority="Boulenger, 1909" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1909" box="[755,1048,1949,1974]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kreffti">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FD22F831FCFEF802" box="[755,850,1949,1973]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">P. kreffti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9592B0FFD48A69FC8BF832FBB4F801" author="Boulenger" box="[858,1048,1949,1974]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1909) Descriptions of three new frogs discovered by Dr. P. Krefft in Usambara, German East Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 4, 496 - 497. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930908692705" type="journal article" year="1909">Boulenger, 1909</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FBF5F831FB62F802" ID-CoL="77DNX" authorityName="Grandison &amp; Howell" authorityYear="1983" box="[1060,1230,1950,1973]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uzungwensis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FBF5F831FB62F802" box="[1060,1230,1950,1973]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">P. uzungwensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FB0EF831FE8DF86D" ID-CoL="4GW9M" authority="Angel, 1924" authorityName="Angel" authorityYear="1924" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kinangopensis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FB0EF831FA30F802" box="[1247,1436,1949,1973]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">P. kinangopensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9592B0FFD48A69FF46F86EFE8DF86D" author="Angel" box="[151,289,1985,2010]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refString="Angel, F. (1924) Description de deux batraciens nouveau d'Afrique Orientale anglaise, appartenant au genre Phrynobatrachus (Mission Alluaud et Jeannel, 1911 - 1912). Bulletin du Museum National d'histoire Naturelle, Paris, 30, 130 - 132." type="journal article" year="1924">Angel, 1924</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFD48A69FE89F86DFD39F86D" ID-CoL="77DNL" authority="Pickersgill, 2007" authorityName="Pickersgill" authorityYear="2007" box="[344,661,1985,2010]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFD48A69FE89F86DFE61F86E" box="[344,461,1985,2009]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">P. pallidus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9592B0FFD48A69FE05F86EFD39F86D" author="Pickersgill" box="[468,661,1985,2010]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refString="Pickersgill, M. (2007) Frog Search. Results of expeditions to Southern and Eastern Africa. Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 574 pp." type="book" year="2007">Pickersgill, 2007</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31EBCCAFFDB8A67FF16FF37FEE6FD32" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFDB8A66FF16FF37FA97FE88" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDB8A66FF16FF37FE4AFF18" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[199,486,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDB8A66FF16FF37FE4AFF18" box="[199,486,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Phrynobatrachus minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has tiny dark asperities which are also present ventrally, not prominent and white tipped and confined to the dorsum as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDB8A66FD8DFF12FD53FF63" authorityName="Pickersgill &amp; Zimkus &amp; Raw" authorityYear="2017" box="[604,767,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="discogularis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDB8A66FD8DFF12FD53FF63" box="[604,767,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">P. discogularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The gular region in male 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDB8A66FBFDFF12FB32FF63" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[1068,1182,189,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDB8A66FBFDFF12FB32FF63" box="[1068,1182,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">P. minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is rarely immaculate - usually with scattered melanophores. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9592B0FFDB8A66FDEEFF4FFD72FF4F" author="Largen" box="[575,734,224,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" refString="Largen, M. J. (2001) The status of the genus Phrynobatrachus Gunther 1862 in Ethiopia and Eritrea, including description of a new species (Amphibia Anura Ranidae). Tropical Zoology, 14, 287 - 306. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03946975.2001.10531158" type="journal article" year="2001">Largen (2001)</bibRefCitation>
says the gular apparatus sometimes forms of a U-shaped flap with posterior fold and conjoined lateral pleats, but the resultant structure lacks regularity and definition. The webbing is less extensive than in 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDB8A66FE4EFE87FD8AFEF7" authorityName="Pickersgill &amp; Zimkus &amp; Raw" authorityYear="2017" box="[415,550,296,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="discogularis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDB8A66FE4EFE87FD8AFEF7" box="[415,550,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">discogularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, reaching to barely passing the proximal subarticular tubercle on toe IV.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFDB8A66FF16FEE3FE47FE1A" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDB8A66FF16FEE3FE78FED3" authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Inger" authorityYear="1959" box="[199,468,332,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anotis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDB8A66FF16FEE3FE78FED3" box="[199,468,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Phrynobatrachus anotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
closely resembles 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDB8A66FD7BFEE2FCFCFED3" authorityName="Pickersgill &amp; Zimkus &amp; Raw" authorityYear="2017" box="[682,848,332,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="discogularis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDB8A66FD7BFEE2FCFCFED3" box="[682,848,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">P. discogularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but this species lacks even a subdermal tympanum, and the gular skin resolves into a series of lateral pleats without a posterior lip, and the toes have small but distinct discs (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9592B0FFDB8A66FF0CFE3BFE72FE1A" author="Schmidt" box="[221,478,404,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" refString="Schmidt, K. P. &amp; Inger, R. F. (1959) &quot; Amphibians exclusive of the genera Hyperolius and Afrixalus &quot; In: Exploration du Parc National de l'Upemba. Fascicule 56. Mission G. F. de Witte, Bruxelles, pp. 1 - 264." type="journal article" year="1959">Schmidt &amp; Inger 1959</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFDB8A66FF16FE17FC6EFE42" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDB8A66FF16FE17FE7EFE67" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1909" box="[199,466,440,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kreffti">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDB8A66FF16FE17FE7EFE67" box="[199,466,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Phrynobatrachus kreffti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is much larger, with adults ranging in length from 
<quantity id="4CFC42A4FFDB8A66FBD6FE17FB2FFE78" box="[1031,1155,440,464]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="31.5" valueMax="39.0" valueMin="24.0">24–39 mm</quantity>
. It possesses large digital discs, and the throat pouch in males collapses into lateral folds (
<figureCitation id="133FF3C4FFDB8A66FCB2FE73FC18FE42" box="[867,948,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1851,1873]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1023,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,1023,1826]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Gular apparatus in several Phrynobatrachus species, showing some of the range of variation within species: a &amp; b) discogularis sp. nov. from Dabaga, Tanzania; c) kreffti from Amani, Tanzania; d) uzungwensis from Nyange, Tanzania; e) pallidus from Ubungo, Tanzania; f) breviceps from Mafinga, Tanzania; g) mababiensis from Meerensee, South Africa; h) mababiensis from Katima Mulilo, Namibia; i) rungwensis from Mzuzu, Malawi; j) rungwensis from Kasungu, Malawi; k) parvulus from Mzuzu, Malawi; l) parvulus from Iringa, Tanzania; m &amp; n) scheffleri from Bermi, Tanzania; o) ukingensis from Lake Mugasera, Rwanda." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051560/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Fig. 5c</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFDB8A66FF16FDAFFCD7FD7B" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDB8A66FF16FDAFFD89FDA0" authorityName="Grandison &amp; Howell" authorityYear="1983" box="[199,549,512,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uzungwensis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDB8A66FF16FDAFFD89FDA0" box="[199,549,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Phrynobatrachus uzungwensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a species from the eastern Udzungwe Mts. The samples used in our comparison perfectly match the 
<typeStatus id="54BF51E3FFDB8A66FDD4FD8AFD99FD8A" box="[517,565,549,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">type</typeStatus>
description of that species in all respects (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9592B0FFDB8A66FBCBFD8BFAE2FD8B" author="Grandison" box="[1050,1358,548,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" refString="Grandison, A. G. C. &amp; Howell, K. M. (1983) A new forest species of Phrynobatrachus (Anura: Ranidae) from Morogoro Region, Tanzania. Amphibia-Reptilia, 4, 117 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 156853883 X 00030" type="journal article" year="1983">Grandison &amp; Howell 1983</bibRefCitation>
). They are on average larger than 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDB8A66FE1BFDE7FDF9FDD7" authorityName="Pickersgill &amp; Zimkus &amp; Raw" authorityYear="2017" box="[458,597,584,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="discogularis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDB8A66FE1BFDE7FDF9FDD7" box="[458,597,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">discogularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(the 
<typeStatus id="54BF51E3FFDB8A66FD40FDE7FD6DFDD7" box="[657,705,584,608]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">type</typeStatus>
series has a snout –vent range from 16.2–25.0 mm), with wellwebbed toes (two phalanges free on toe IV, the rest webbed to the tip) and prominent digital discs. The snout is somewhat wedge-shaped in profile. The underside of the thigh is yellow with dark spots—not dusted with melanophores giving a salt and pepper effect as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDB8A66FD1EFD1AFCD8FD7B" authorityName="Pickersgill &amp; Zimkus &amp; Raw" authorityYear="2017" box="[719,884,692,716]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="discogularis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDB8A66FD1EFD1AFCD8FD7B" box="[719,884,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">P. discogularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFDB8A66FF16FD77FD15FCA3" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDB8A66FF16FD77FD9CFD47" authorityName="Angel" authorityYear="1924" box="[199,560,728,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kinangopensis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDB8A66FF16FD77FD9CFD47" box="[199,560,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Phrynobatrachus kinangopensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDB8A66FD7CFD77FC96FD58" authorityName="Grandison &amp; Howell" authorityYear="1983" box="[685,826,728,751]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uzungwensis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDB8A66FD7CFD77FC96FD58" box="[685,826,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">uzungwensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having extensive webbing, and as with that species, males appear to lack an external gular apparatus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFDB8A66FF16FCB0FC11FC13" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
The description of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDB8A66FE4BFC8EFD24FC8F" authority="(Ahl, 1924)" authorityName="Ahl" authorityYear="1924" baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[410,648,799,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albifer">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDB8A66FE4BFC8EFDACFC8F" box="[410,512,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">P. albifer</emphasis>
(Ahl, 1924)
</taxonomicName>
was based on a single, unsexed and possibly immature specimen from Usaramo—now a suburb of 
<collectingRegion id="49C021A3FFDB8A66FE08FCEAFD2CFCEA" box="[473,640,836,861]" country="Tanzania" name="Dar es Salaam" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Dar es Salaam</collectingRegion>
. Although now in a poor state the 
<typeStatus id="54BF51E3FFDB8A66FBDBFCEBFBC0FCEA" box="[1034,1132,836,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
ZMB26865 clearly differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDB8A66FF07FCC7FECCFC37" authorityName="Pickersgill &amp; Zimkus &amp; Raw" authorityYear="2017" box="[214,352,872,896]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="discogularis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDB8A66FF07FCC7FECCFC37" box="[214,352,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">discogularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its rudimentary pedal webbing, as noted in the original description. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9592B0FFDB8A66FB5EFCC8FADDFC37" box="[1167,1393,871,896]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" refString="Schick, S., Zimkus, B. M., Channing, A., Kohler, J. &amp; Lotters, S. (2010) Systematics of ' Little Brown Frogs' from East Africa: recognition of Phrynobatrachus scheffleri and description of a new species from the Kakamega Forest, Kenya (Amphibia: Phrynobatrachidae). Salamandra, 46, 24 - 36." type="journal article">
Schick 
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDB8A66FB35FCC6FABBFC37" box="[1252,1303,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">et al</emphasis>
. (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
are inclined to regard it as a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDB8A66FD50FC22FC15FC13" authority="(Nieden, 1910)" authorityName="Nieden" authorityYear="1910" baseAuthorityName="Nieden" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[641,953,908,933]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scheffleri">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDB8A66FD50FC22FCA8FC13" box="[641,772,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">P. scheffleri</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9592B0FFDB8A66FCC5FC23FC1CFC13" author="Nieden" box="[788,944,908,933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" refString="Nieden, F. (1910) Neue Reptilien und Amphibien aus Kamerun. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Berlin, 76, 234 - 246." type="journal article" year="1910">Nieden, 1910</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFDB8A66FF16FC1FFEC1FC5A" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDB8A66FF16FC1FFE5EFC7F" box="[199,498,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDB8A66FF16FC1FFE42FC7F" authorityName="Pickersgill" authorityYear="2007" box="[199,494,944,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallidus">Phrynobatrachus pallidus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
also from the coastal region, has much reduced webbing, distinct digital discs, and lateral gular pleats.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7BBFC9FFDB8A66FF46F894FF43F85D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051560/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" targetBox="[151,1436,1023,1826]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFDB8A66FF46F894FF43F85D" blockId="8.[151,1436,1851,2026]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDB8A66FF46F894FEBFF8E7" bold="true" box="[151,275,1851,1873]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Gular apparatus in several 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDB8A66FDF6F894FD7FF8E6" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1862" box="[551,723,1851,1873]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDB8A66FDF6F894FD7FF8E6" box="[551,723,1851,1873]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Phrynobatrachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, showing some of the range of variation within species: a &amp; b) 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDB8A66FF46F8F5FEBDF8C7" authority="Pickersgill &amp; Zimkus &amp; Raw, 2017" authorityName="Pickersgill &amp; Zimkus &amp; Raw" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,273,1882,1904]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="discogularis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDB8A66FF46F8F5FEBDF8C7" box="[151,273,1882,1904]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">discogularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2438E28FFDB8A66FEC6F8F5FEC9F8D8" box="[279,357,1882,1903]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDB8A66FEC6F8F5FEC9F8D8" bold="true" box="[279,357,1882,1903]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
from Dabaga, Tanzania; c) 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDB8A66FDA6F8F5FD1DF8C7" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1909" box="[631,689,1882,1904]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kreffti">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDB8A66FDA6F8F5FD1DF8C7" box="[631,689,1882,1904]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">kreffti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Amani, Tanzania; d) 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDB8A66FC6DF8F4FB95F8C7" authorityName="Grandison &amp; Howell" authorityYear="1983" box="[956,1081,1883,1904]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uzungwensis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDB8A66FC6DF8F4FB95F8C7" box="[956,1081,1883,1904]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">uzungwensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Nyange, Tanzania; e) 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDB8A66FA9DF8F5FA37F8C7" authorityName="Pickersgill" authorityYear="2007" box="[1356,1435,1882,1904]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDB8A66FA9DF8F5FA37F8C7" box="[1356,1435,1882,1904]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Ubungo, Tanzania; f) 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDB8A66FE60F8D7FDA3F839" authorityName="Pickersgill" authorityYear="2007" box="[433,527,1912,1934]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="breviceps">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDB8A66FE60F8D7FDA3F839" box="[433,527,1912,1934]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">breviceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Mafinga, Tanzania; g) 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDB8A66FCE8F8D7FC19F839" authorityName="Fitzsimons" authorityYear="1932" box="[825,949,1912,1934]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mababiensis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDB8A66FCE8F8D7FC19F839" box="[825,949,1912,1934]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">mababiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Meerensee, South Africa; h) 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDB8A66FAF1F8D7FA30F839" authorityName="Fitzsimons" authorityYear="1932" box="[1312,1436,1912,1934]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mababiensis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDB8A66FAF1F8D7FA30F839" box="[1312,1436,1912,1934]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">mababiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Katima Mulilo, Namibia; i) 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDB8A66FE24F837FDCAF81A" baseAuthorityName="Loveridge" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[501,614,1944,1965]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rungwensis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDB8A66FE24F837FDCAF81A" box="[501,614,1944,1965]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">rungwensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Mzuzu, Malawi; j) 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDB8A66FCA5F837FC49F81A" baseAuthorityName="Loveridge" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[884,997,1944,1965]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rungwensis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDB8A66FCA5F837FC49F81A" box="[884,997,1944,1965]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">rungwensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Kasungu, Malawi; k) 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDB8A66FADAF838FACEF81A" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[1291,1378,1943,1965]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvulus">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDB8A66FADAF838FACEF81A" box="[1291,1378,1943,1965]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">parvulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Mzuzu, Malawi; l) 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDB8A66FE88F81AFE1CF87C" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[345,432,1973,1995]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvulus">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDB8A66FE88F81AFE1CF87C" box="[345,432,1973,1995]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">parvulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Iringa, Tanzania; m &amp; n) 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDB8A66FD3CF81AFCE5F87C" baseAuthorityName="Nieden" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[749,841,1973,1995]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scheffleri">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDB8A66FD3CF81AFCE5F87C" box="[749,841,1973,1995]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">scheffleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Bermi, Tanzania; o) 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDB8A66FB84F81AFB11F87C" baseAuthorityName="Loveridge" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[1109,1213,1973,1995]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ukingensis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDB8A66FB84F81AFB11F87C" box="[1109,1213,1973,1995]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">ukingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Lake Mugasera, Rwanda.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFDA8A67FF16FF38FAEDFEAA" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FF16FF38FEA9FF07" bold="true" box="[199,261,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Voice</emphasis>
. On several occasions at Dabaga recordings were obtained of a short trill or buzz of 0.26– 
<geoCoordinate id="EE308986FFDA8A67FB27FF38FA94FF18" box="[1270,1336,151,176]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" precision="555" value="-0.29">0.29 s</geoCoordinate>
duration and 17–19 pulses per second, followed by a brief click. These were identical to recordings obtained by M. Menegon (personal communication) in the Gendawaki valley near Bomalang’ombe. However, we were unable to verify the species. 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDA8A67FEB8FEAAFD15FEAA" authority="(Boulenger, 1905)" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1905" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[361,697,260,285]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvulus">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FEB8FEAAFE4AFEAB" box="[361,486,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">P. parvulus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9592B0FFDA8A67FE24FEABFD1DFEAA" author="Boulenger" box="[501,689,260,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1905) A list of the batrachians and reptiles collected by Dr. W. J. Ansorge in Angola, with descriptions of new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 16, 105 - 115. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745480509443656" type="journal article" year="1905">Boulenger, 1905</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
is syntopic at both localities and has a very similar voice.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFDA8A67FF16FE88FBB2FEF7" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1544]" box="[199,1054,295,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FF16FE88FE9FFEF7" bold="true" box="[199,307,295,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Breeding</emphasis>
. Unknown. Some of the females collected in January were gravid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFDA8A67FF16FEE3FEE6FD32" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FF16FEE3FE09FED2" bold="true" box="[199,421,332,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Associated species</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDA8A67FE69FEE3FCBFFED3" authorityName="Grandison &amp; Howell" authorityYear="1983" box="[440,787,332,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uzungwensis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FE69FEE3FCBFFED3" box="[440,787,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Phrynobatrachus uzungwensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been collected in the surrounding forests, but this species is strictly sylvicolous, while 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDA8A67FDE8FEDEFD4DFE3F" authorityName="Pickersgill &amp; Zimkus &amp; Raw" authorityYear="2017" box="[569,737,368,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="discogularis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FDE8FEDEFD4DFE3F" box="[569,737,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">P. discogularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be restricted to open marshy areas. In contrast, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDA8A67FA56FEDEFF55FE1B" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvulus">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FA56FEDEFA39FE3F" box="[1415,1429,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FF46FE3BFF55FE1B" box="[151,249,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">parvulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is syntopic with 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDA8A67FE6BFE3BFDE8FE1B" authorityName="Pickersgill &amp; Zimkus &amp; Raw" authorityYear="2017" box="[442,580,404,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="discogularis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FE6BFE3BFDE8FE1B" box="[442,580,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">discogularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at Dabaga and Bomalang’ombe. 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDA8A67FC6CFE3BFA30FE1B" authority="(Smith, 1849)" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1849" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[957,1436,404,429]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="natalensis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FC6CFE3BFB54FE1B" box="[957,1272,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Phrynobatrachus natalensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9592B0FFDA8A67FAD9FE3BFA38FE1B" author="Smith" box="[1288,1428,404,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" refString="Smith, A. (1849) Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa; Consisting Chiefly of Figures and Descriptions of the Objects of Natural History Collected during an Expedition into the Interior of South Africa, in the Years 1834, 1835, and 1836 .... Vol. III. Reptilia. Appendix. Smith, Elder &amp; Co., London, 22 pp. [pp. 54 - 75]" type="book chapter" year="1849">Smith, 1849</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
has been collected at Lusinga, some 
<quantity id="4CFC42A4FFDA8A67FD90FE17FD27FE67" box="[577,651,439,464]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
from Dabaga (MP3593). The only known specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDA8A67FAC2FE16FA35FE67" authorityName="Pickersgill" authorityYear="2007" box="[1299,1433,440,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="breviceps">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FAC2FE16FA35FE67" box="[1299,1433,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">P. breviceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ZMB66250) was collected at Mafinga, some 
<quantity id="4CFC42A4FFDA8A67FD62FE73FD52FE42" box="[691,766,476,501]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" unit="km" value="70.0">70 km</quantity>
from Dabaga and 
<quantity id="4CFC42A4FFDA8A67FC0CFE73FB84FE43" box="[989,1064,476,501]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
lower, as was a small series of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDA8A67FF46FDAFFE43FDAF" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[151,495,511,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvulus">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FF46FDAFFEF6FDAF" box="[151,346,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Phrynobatrachus</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FE5CFDAFFE43FDAF" box="[397,495,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">parvulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MP4719–4723). Other species recorded from Dabaga and Bomalang’ombe are 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDA8A67FF46FD8BFD8AFD8A" authority="(Pickersgill)" authorityName="Pickersgill" baseAuthorityName="Pickersgill" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[151,550,548,573]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Amietia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuoplicata">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FF46FD8BFE25FD8B" box="[151,393,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Amietia tenuoplicata</emphasis>
(Pickersgill)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDA8A67FDE8FD8BFC67FD8A" authority="(Nieden)" authorityName="Nieden" box="[569,971,548,573]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Strongylopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuelleborni">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FDE8FD8BFCFAFD8B" box="[569,854,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Strongylopus fuelleborni</emphasis>
(Nieden)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDA8A67FC0EFD8BFA34FD8A" authority="(Loveridge)" authorityName="Loveridge" baseAuthorityName="Loveridge" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[991,1432,548,573]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uzungwensis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FC0EFD8BFB53FD8B" box="[991,1279,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Ptychadena uzungwensis</emphasis>
(Loveridge)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDA8A67FF46FDE7FE16FDD7" authority="Dubois" authorityName="Dubois" box="[151,442,583,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Afrixalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morerei">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FF46FDE7FEF1FDE8" box="[151,349,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Afrixalus morerei</emphasis>
Dubois
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDA8A67FE16FDE7FCB7FDD7" authority="Schiotz" authorityName="Schiotz" box="[455,795,583,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Phlyctimantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keithae">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FE16FDE7FD17FDD7" box="[455,699,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Phlyctimantis keithae</emphasis>
Schiøtz
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDA8A67FCF9FDE7FB8EFDD7" authority="Ahl" authorityName="Ahl" authorityYear="1931" box="[808,1058,583,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FCF9FDE7FC5CFDE8" box="[808,1008,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Hyperolius pictus</emphasis>
Ahl
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDA8A67FBE2FDE6FAEAFDD7" authority="Schiotz" authorityName="Schiotz" box="[1075,1350,583,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutissimus">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FBE2FDE6FB45FDE8" box="[1075,1257,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">H. minutissimus</emphasis>
Schiøtz
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDA8A67FA50FDE6FEE6FD32" authority="Ahl." authorityName="Ahl." class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="substriatus">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FA50FDE6FEBEFD33" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">H. substriatus</emphasis>
Ahl.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31EBCCAFFDA8A67FF16FD20FBB7F9B0" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFDA8A67FF16FD20FAF5FCEA" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FF16FD20FE98FD1F" bold="true" box="[199,308,655,680]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Remarks</emphasis>
. Surprisingly, there are very few junior synonyms of central and eastern African 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDA8A67FB08FD3FFA37FD1F" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1862" box="[1241,1435,656,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FB08FD3FFA37FD1F" box="[1241,1435,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Phrynobatrachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in the literature, and none of these are available for the species described here as new. This is because the names 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDA8A67FF3DFD76FECFFD58" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[236,355,728,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FF3DFD76FECFFD58" box="[236,355,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">P. minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDA8A67FE7AFD76FDF4FD47" authorityName="Fitzsimons" authorityYear="1932" box="[427,600,728,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mababiensis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FE7AFD76FDF4FD47" box="[427,600,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">P. mababiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have long been applied as a wastebasket category to virtually every diminutive 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDA8A67FEF1FD53FE4EFCA3" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1862" box="[288,482,764,788]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FEF1FD53FE4EFCA3" box="[288,482,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Phrynobatrachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F313AFD1FFDA8A67FDE8FD53FD7EFCA2" box="[569,722,764,789]" name="South Africa" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<collectingRegion id="49C021A3FFDA8A67FDE8FD53FDD6FCA2" box="[569,634,764,789]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">South</collectingRegion>
Africa
</collectingCountry>
to 
<collectingCountry id="F313AFD1FFDA8A67FCD9FD53FC29FCA2" box="[776,901,764,789]" name="Sudan" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">the Sudan</collectingCountry>
. Of these smaller species, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDA8A67FB08FD53FE66FC8F" authority="Hoffman, 1940" authorityName="Hoffman" authorityYear="1940" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanrooyeni">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FB08FD53FEB8FC80" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Phrynobatrachus vanrooyeni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9592B0FFDA8A67FECCFCB0FE66FC8F" author="Hoffman" box="[285,458,799,824]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" refString="Hoffman, A. C. (1940) Three new species of frog from Greytown, Natal. Soologiese Navorsing van die Nasionale Museum. Bloemfontein, 1, 97 - 101." type="journal article" year="1940">Hoffman, 1940</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingCountry id="F313AFD1FFDA8A67FE0DFCB0FDD8FC8F" box="[476,628,799,824]" name="South Africa" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<collectingRegion id="49C021A3FFDA8A67FE0DFCB0FDB3FC8F" box="[476,543,799,824]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">South</collectingRegion>
Africa
</collectingCountry>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDA8A67FD5BFC8EFBCEFC8F" authority="Hoffman, 1944" authorityName="Hoffman" authorityYear="1944" box="[650,1122,799,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chitialaensis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FD5BFC8EFD34FC8F" box="[650,664,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FD78FC8FFC9AFC8F" box="[681,822,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">chitialaensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9592B0FFDA8A67FC91FCB0FC41FC8F" author="Hoffman" box="[832,1005,799,824]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" refString="Hoffman, A. C. (1944) Frogs from Chitiala, Nyasaland, together with descriptions of new species. Soologiese Navorsing van die Nasionale Museum. Bloemfontein, 1, 173 - 182." type="journal article" year="1944">Hoffman, 1944</bibRefCitation>
(
<collectingCountry id="F313AFD1FFDA8A67FC2EFCB0FBF6FC8F" box="[1023,1114,799,824]" name="Malawi" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Malawi</collectingCountry>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDA8A67FB73FC8EFF63FCEB" authority="Fitzsimons, 1948" authorityName="Fitzsimons" authorityYear="1948" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="broomi">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FB73FC8EFABCFC8F" box="[1186,1296,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">P. broomi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9592B0FFDA8A67FACBFCB0FF63FCEB" author="Fitzsimons" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" refString="FitzSimons, V. (1948) Descriptions of two new frogs from Natal and a gecko from Astove Island. Royal Society of South Africa, Robert Broom Commemorative Volume, 235 - 242." type="book chapter" year="1948">Fitzsimons, 1948</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingCountry id="F313AFD1FFDA8A67FF0CFCEBFEDDFCEA" box="[221,369,836,861]" name="South Africa" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<collectingRegion id="49C021A3FFDA8A67FF0CFCEBFE8CFCEA" box="[221,288,836,861]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">South</collectingRegion>
Africa
</collectingCountry>
) are considered junior synonyms of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDA8A67FCD8FCEAFC1DFCEB" authorityName="Fitzsimons" authorityYear="1932" box="[777,945,836,860]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mababiensis">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FCD8FCEAFC1DFCEB" box="[777,945,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">P. mababiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as currently understood (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9592B0FFDA8A67FB1CFCEBFAE1FCEA" author="Frost" box="[1229,1357,836,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" refString="Frost, D. R. (2016) Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 (7 January 2017). American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. Electronic Database. Available from: http: // research. amnh. org / herpetology / amphibia / index. html (accessed 30 August 2017)" type="journal article" year="2016">Frost 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFDA8A67FF16FCC8FED4FBA7" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
Loveridge (1933) referred his specimens from Dabaga and Kigogo in the Udzungwa Mts. to 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDA8A67FAC4FCC7FF5CFC13" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1895" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FAC4FCC7FF5CFC13" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Arthroleptis minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FED3FC22FE80FC13" box="[258,300,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">non</emphasis>
Boulenger). He specifically described them as having yellow throats and gular discs. This material forms the basis of the 
<typeStatus id="54BF51E3FFDA8A67FE45FC1FFE68FC7F" box="[404,452,944,968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">type</typeStatus>
series of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDA8A67FDE2FC1EFD75FC7F" authority="Pickersgill &amp; Zimkus &amp; Raw, 2017" authorityName="Pickersgill &amp; Zimkus &amp; Raw" authorityYear="2017" box="[563,729,944,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="discogularis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FDE2FC1EFD75FC7F" box="[563,729,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">P. discogularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2438E28FFDA8A67FD33FC00FC91FC70" box="[738,829,943,968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FD33FC00FC91FC70" bold="true" box="[738,829,943,968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
as described here. He distinguished this species from his conspecific material with speckled bellies and dark throats, which he correctly identified as 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDA8A67FAC4FC7BFED4FBA7" authority="Boulenger." authorityName="Boulenger." class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvulus">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FAC4FC7BFF55FBA7" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Arthroleptis parvulus</emphasis>
Boulenger.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFDA8A67FF16FBB3FE6DFA87" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
Dabaga specimens were common and active during the day in an intensively cultivated valley bottom (
<figureCitation id="133FF3C4FFDA8A67FA98FBB3FA22FB82" box="[1353,1422,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1329,1351]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1301]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,337,1301]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Habitat at Dabaga." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051562/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). Their preferred habitat is dense vegetation on boggy soil, while the fast-flowing channels artificially created for irrigation are avoided. Loveridge (
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FDF1FBCBFDE0FBCB" box="[544,588,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">ibid</emphasis>
., p 385) described the habitat at Dabaga as a cattle-trampled bog beside a swiftly flowing brook in the bottom of a valley, and almost certainly refers to the location in the photograph. The site is intensively cultivated and irrigated by a system of channels, but much of the area remains permanently inundated. It is partly bordered by indigenous forest. The location might best be described as “upland meadow”. Menegon (personal communication) described the Gendawaki Valley collection site as ‘pristine grassland about a kilometre from the forest’.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBBEF41FFDA8A67FF16FA93FBB7F9B0" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
The Udzungwa highlands have long been intensively cultivated and apart from the surviving forests, few pristine habitats remain. Most of these occupy natural drainage areas where the ground is either too steep or too waterlogged to provide viable agricultural land. So far, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0494C2FFDA8A67FCC4FA2AFC11FA2B" authority="Pickersgill &amp; Zimkus &amp; Raw, 2017" authorityName="Pickersgill &amp; Zimkus &amp; Raw" authorityYear="2017" box="[789,957,1412,1436]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="discogularis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FCC4FA2AFC11FA2B" box="[789,957,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">P. discogularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2438E28FFDA8A67FC16FA2BFB8FFA2A" box="[967,1059,1412,1437]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9703353FFDA8A67FC16FA2BFB8FFA2A" bold="true" box="[967,1059,1412,1437]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
has tolerated human agricultural practices and the population density is quite high where it occurs. 
<collectingRegion id="49C021A3FFDA8A67FC58FA07FC31FA77" box="[905,925,1448,1472]" country="Gambia" name="Upper River" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">A</collectingRegion>
conservation priority should be to assess the species’ altitudinal and ecological tolerances, its presence and extent of occurrence in the Udzungwa and neighbouring highlands, and the impact of industry and forestry where it occurs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>