167 lines
19 KiB
XML
167 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="705468D458CC0A56A663B665D82E5838" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.191239" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5baf1738-8c75-4e02-b63b-e732c16b09a5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="191239" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461125776780" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Waichert, Cecilia & Azevedo, Celso O." docDate="2009" docId="03AA86220D71FF833ADECAA35D82EE75" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02284p029.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2284" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Laelius Ashmead" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="26" masterDocId="FF93FE5A0D69FF9A3A49CC565954EA27" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetic analysis of Rhabdepyris (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) and redefinition of generic limits based on morphological characters" masterLastPageNumber="29" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1698596699153" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="2DEFB74765B5161A5336BA00F1BC55FF">Phylogenetic analysis of Rhabdepyris (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) and redefinition of generic limits based on morphological characters</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="01B568D0D94FB0A6F98EFE8D4DBBA335">Waichert, Cecilia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D44ABCC850EA897098546BF14E2F8E00">Azevedo, Celso O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7B38F01B40036CA30C566905B2FDCF95">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="A797A52C4FF4447E14B53C6650E5DB8C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D5784F48D8470FE71F51BE60CC6849FA">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="3D679BA3D6CD6F538B15EB2B88CCBECA" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="13315B7101EAFD1B7AA9CF691A0ED062">2284</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="19E5D3116A9FC870C5AE0A033A559AA4" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.191239</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AA86220D71FF833ADECAA35D82EE75" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5612909" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119626190" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5612909" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA86220D71FF833ADECAA35D82EE75" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA86220D71FF833ADECAA35D82EE75" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<subSubSection id="C31964BF0D71FF823ADECAA35839ED28" box="[151,365,1781,1807]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBC37340D71FF823ADECAA35839ED28" blockId="24.[151,365,1781,1807]" box="[151,365,1781,1807]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<heading id="D0F480580D71FF823ADECAA35839ED28" bold="true" box="[151,365,1781,1807]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C034CB70D71FF823ADECAA35839ED28" authority="Ashmead" authorityName="Ashmead" box="[151,365,1781,1807]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Laelius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EB260D71FF823ADECAA35839ED28" bold="true" box="[151,365,1781,1807]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="B977EB260D71FF823ADECAA359A4ED28" bold="true" box="[151,240,1781,1807]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Laelius</emphasis>
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Ashmead
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31964BF0D71FF823ADECB695D90EDF2" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BBC37340D71FF823ADECB69581DED52" blockId="24.[151,1436,1854,2005]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName id="4C034CB70D71FF823ADECB6958F4ED72" authority="Ashmead, 1893" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,416,1854,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Laelius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EB260D71FF823ADECB6959B2ED71" box="[151,230,1855,1878]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Laelius</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924AC50D71FF823AB8CB6858F4ED72" author="Ashmead" box="[241,416,1854,1877]" pageId="24" pageNumber="28" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1893) A monograph of the North American Proctotrypidae. Bethylinae. Bulletin U. S. National Museum, 45, 27 - 77." type="journal article" year="1893">Ashmead, 1893</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Bull.
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<collectingCountry id="F31477A40D71FF823BB9CB685B74ED72" box="[496,544,1854,1877]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">U.S.</collectingCountry>
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Nat. Mus., 45: 50–52.
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<typeStatus id="54B889960D71FF823966CB685A30ED72" box="[815,868,1854,1877]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C034CB70D71FF823999CB695CC8ED72" authority="Ashmead. Original" authorityName="Ashmead. Original" box="[976,1436,1854,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Laelius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trogodermatis">
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<emphasis id="B977EB260D71FF823999CB695D94ED71" box="[976,1216,1855,1878]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Laelius trogodermatis</emphasis>
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Ashmead. Original
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</taxonomicName>
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designation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC37340D71FF823ADECB295D90EDF2" blockId="24.[151,1436,1854,2005]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName id="4C034CB70D71FF823ADECB2958E7EDB2" authority="Kieffer, 1906" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,435,1918,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Paralaelius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EB260D71FF823ADECB295840EDB1" box="[151,276,1919,1942]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Paralaelius</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924AC50D71FF823B57CB2858E7EDB2" author="Kieffer" box="[286,435,1918,1941]" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" refString="Kieffer, J. J. (1906) Proctotrypides [In: Ernest Andre (editor). Species de Hymenopteres d'Europe & Algerie], 9, 382 - 383." type="journal article" year="1906">Kieffer, 1906</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles, 29: 106, 129.
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<typeStatus id="54B889960D71FF8239CFCB285AEFEDB2" box="[902,955,1918,1941]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C034CB70D71FF823E6CCB295CC8EDB2" authority="Say. Subsequent" authorityName="Say. Subsequent" box="[1061,1436,1918,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Bethylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pedatus">
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<emphasis id="B977EB260D71FF823E6CCB295D8AEDB1" box="[1061,1246,1919,1942]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Bethylus pedatus</emphasis>
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Say. Subsequent
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</taxonomicName>
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designation by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924AC50D71FF823B25CBC858AAED92" author="Kieffer" box="[364,510,1950,1973]" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" refString="Kieffer, J. J. (1914) Das Tierreich. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 41, 228 - 595." type="journal article" year="1914">Kieffer, 1914</bibRefCitation>
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, Das Tierreich, 41: 283. Synonym designation by Muesebeck &
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924AC50D71FF823EF4CBC85C0DED92" author="Walkley" box="[1213,1369,1950,1973]" pageId="24" pageNumber="29" refString="Muesbeck, C. F. W. & Walkley, L. M. (1951) Family Bethylidae [In: C. W. F. Muesebeck, K. V. Krombein & H. K. Townes (editors). Hymenoptera of America North of Mexico: Synoptic Catalog. United States Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Monograph, 2, 729 - 730." type="journal article" year="1951">Walkley, 1951</bibRefCitation>
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, In C. W. F. Muesebeck, K. V. Krombein & H. K. Townes, Hymen.
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<taxonomicName id="4C034CB70D71FF82391DCBE85AD5EDF2" box="[852,897,1982,2005]" class="Pisces" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Syn" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Syn</taxonomicName>
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. Cat., 2: 729. [Not examined].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31964BF0D70FF833ADECCC15DBCEBE7" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BBC37340D70FF833ADECCC15DBCEBE7" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,1106]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="B977EB260D70FF833ADECCC1584CEA96" bold="true" box="[151,280,151,177]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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They are small size; black coloration; head, thorax, wings, and often femora with long and thick black setae. Mandibles with 4 or 5 apical teeth; clypeus with median lobe trapezoidal with median dental apex, without lateral lobes; front large and with prolonged malar space; eyes gibbous. Pronotum with smooth contours, disc rounded off anteriorly and laterally, not carinate, much broadened behind; notauli fine and often incomplete (sometimes similar to small foveae); propodeal disc carinate laterally and posteriorly, posterolateral angles sometime foveolate; mesopleuron surrounded by prepectal and postpectal carina, usually foveolate basally, with small pit. Fore wing with stigma longer than the short basal vein, latter reaching subcosta close to base of stigma; hind wing boarded with thick setae, radial vein short or long.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31964BF0D70FF833A8CCD9B58FEE9F9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBC37340D70FF833A8CCD9B5DC4E93B" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,1106]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="B977EB260D70FF833A8CCD9B5BCDEBC0" bold="true" box="[197,665,461,487]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Comments and character discussion.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C034CB70D70FF8338EBCD9B5BAEEBC1" box="[674,762,461,486]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Laelius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EB260D70FF8338EBCD9B5BAEEBC1" box="[674,762,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Laelius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was originally described by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924AC50D70FF833E1CCD9B5C49EBC0" author="Ashmead" box="[1109,1309,461,487]" pageId="25" pageNumber="28" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1893) A monograph of the North American Proctotrypidae. Bethylinae. Bulletin U. S. National Museum, 45, 27 - 77." type="journal article" year="1893">Ashmead (1893)</bibRefCitation>
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to include four species and it was characterized by having a short radial vein (character 71).
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<taxonomicName id="4C034CB70D70FF833E15CDA25DA4E82A" box="[1116,1264,500,525]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Rhabdepyris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EB260D70FF833E15CDA25DA4E82A" box="[1116,1264,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Rhabdepyris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was separated from
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<taxonomicName id="4C034CB70D70FF833A92CE4C5861E814" box="[219,309,538,563]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Laelius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EB260D70FF833A92CE4C5861E814" box="[219,309,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Laelius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924AC50D70FF833B2CCE4C5B43E813" author="Evans" box="[357,535,538,564]" pageId="25" pageNumber="28" refString="Evans, H. E. (1965 a) A Revision of the Genus Rhabdepyris in the Americas (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 133, (3), 68 - 151." type="journal article" year="1965" yearSuffix="a">Evans (1965a)</bibRefCitation>
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for the long radial vein.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924AC50D70FF833905CE4C5AABE813" author="Evans" box="[844,1023,538,564]" pageId="25" pageNumber="28" refString="Evans, H. E. (1965 a) A Revision of the Genus Rhabdepyris in the Americas (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 133, (3), 68 - 151." type="journal article" year="1965" yearSuffix="a">Evans (1965a)</bibRefCitation>
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constituted and characterized the nominate subgenus without studying the type-species or any other previously identified species. All the species described in subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="4C034CB70D70FF833BB3CE3E5BDAE8A6" box="[506,654,616,641]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Rhabdepyris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EB260D70FF833BB3CE3E5BDAE8A6" box="[506,654,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Rhabdepyris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, except for the
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<typeStatus id="54B889960D70FF83390BCE3E5A20E8A5" box="[834,884,616,642]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">type</typeStatus>
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species, are only described from the Americas. However, the non-American species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C034CB70D70FF833823CED95B94E88F" box="[618,704,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Laelius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EB260D70FF833823CED95B94E88F" box="[618,704,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Laelius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can have a long radial vein.
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<taxonomicName id="4C034CB70D70FF833E5FCED95D38E88F" box="[1046,1132,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Laelius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EB260D70FF833E5FCED95D38E88F" box="[1046,1132,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Laelius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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is now recognized by the trapezoidal clypeus with median dental apex (4), by the front with prolonged malar space, the large front and the gibbous eyes (11), by the fine and incomplete notauli (sometimes similar to small foveae) (28, 29), by the long and thick body setae (44, 45), and by the hind wing boarded with thick setae (74).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC37340D70FF833A8CCF7F58FEE9F9" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,1106]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="B977EB260D70FF833A8CCF7F5833E965" box="[197,359,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Mesopleuron.</emphasis>
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It is usually punctuated or foveolate at the lower portion. The fovea is shallower and more rounded than in
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<taxonomicName id="4C034CB70D70FF833B11CF065880E94E" box="[344,468,848,873]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Anisepyris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EB260D70FF833B11CF065880E94E" box="[344,468,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Anisepyris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C034CB70D70FF833844CF065BCCE94E" box="[525,664,848,873]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Chlorepyris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EB260D70FF833844CF065BCCE94E" box="[525,664,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Chlorepyris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The prepectal carina is usually punctuated (47); the mesopleural fovea is apparently absent, visible only as a pit; the mesopleural pit is deep (51). The episternal groove is wellmarked (55) and scrobiculate (56); the sub-tegular groove is complete; the anterior-superior fovea (53) is shallow and small (54).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31964BF0D70FF833A8CCFBC5D82EE75" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBC37340D70FF833A8CCFBC5D82EE75" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,1106]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="B977EB260D70FF833A8CCFBC5814EE23" bold="true" box="[197,320,1002,1028]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Variation.</emphasis>
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The notauli of
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<taxonomicName id="4C034CB70D70FF833BBFCFBC5B18EE24" box="[502,588,1002,1027]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Laelius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EB260D70FF833BBFCFBC5B18EE24" box="[502,588,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Laelius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
from
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<collectingCountry id="F31477A40D70FF8338DDCFBC5B83EE23" box="[660,727,1002,1028]" name="Japan" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Japan</collectingCountry>
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are fine, shallow and almost complete. Some specimens can be more carinate, with many fovea and grooves (mostly on the mesopleuron). Some examples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034CB70D70FF833F4FC8475C08EE0D" box="[1286,1372,1041,1066]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Laelius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EB260D70FF833F4FC8475C08EE0D" box="[1286,1372,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Laelius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31477A40D70FF833ADEC86E5871EE75" box="[151,293,1080,1106]" name="Madagascar" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924AC50D70FF833B2BC86E5BCEEE75" author="Barbosa" box="[354,666,1080,1106]" pageId="25" pageNumber="28" refString="Barbosa, D. N. & Azevedo, C. O. (2009) Laelius (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from Madagascar, with description of two new species. Zootaxa, 2170, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="2009">Barbosa & Azevedo, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) vary by having an almost smooth mesopleuron.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |