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<mods:title id="A845EB46D437C59B768215633505E4D1">Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="135167E9056AFCF8F9EFA5A55AB84245">Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A7FA886548AEEFCF6E1B6DE0E554E9D9">Rizo, Eric Zeus C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3A77673F655EC8CE958AC207C877890B">Han, Boping</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F3D8177B11AD0D12381201AA04D64284">Dumont, Henri J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4508B50A5F36CEEF0B7EFD8913660AFD">Papa, Rey Donne S.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03A53573FFEAFFCEFEF8FE19FEE3FE2E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5452541" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5452541" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A53573FFEAFFCEFEF8FE19FEE3FE2E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A53573FFEAFFCEFEF8FE19FEE3FE2E" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="781" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">
<subSubSection id="C316D7EEFFEAFFCFFEF8FE19FD8BFDCE" pageId="10" pageNumber="781" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB38465FFEAFFCFFEF8FE19FD9DFE0E" blockId="10.[303,607,413,437]" box="[303,607,413,437]" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">
<heading id="D0FB3309FFEAFFCFFEF8FE19FD9DFE0E" bold="true" box="[303,607,413,437]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="781" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C0CFFE6FFEAFFCFFEF8FE19FD9DFE0E" ID-CoL="6RMDX" authority="Kurz, 1875" authorityName="Kurz" authorityYear="1875" box="[303,607,413,437]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Moinidae" genus="Moina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="10" pageNumber="781" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micrura">
<emphasis id="B9785877FFEAFFCFFEF8FE19FD9DFE0E" bold="true" box="[303,607,413,437]" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">
<emphasis id="B9785877FFEAFFCFFEF8FE19FE1BFE0E" bold="true" box="[303,473,413,437]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">Moina micrura</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9DF994FFEAFFCFFE36FE19FD9DFE0E" author="Kurz W" box="[481,607,413,437]" pageId="10" pageNumber="781" pagination="1 - 88" refId="ref14388" refString="Kurz W (1875) Dodekas neuer Cladocera nebst Ubersicht der Cladocerenfauna Bohmens. Sitzungberichte / Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, 70: 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="1875">Kurz, 1875</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB38465FFEAFFCFFF5FFE59FD8BFDCE" blockId="10.[136,775,477,629]" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">
<emphasis id="B9785877FFEAFFCFFF5FFE59FE48FE4E" bold="true" box="[136,394,477,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">Specimen examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B648E38FFEAFFCFFE41FE59FD87FDCE" collectionCode="UST-ZRC" county="University of Santo Tomas Zooplankton Reference Collection" location="Lake Taal" municipality="Candaba Swamp" pageId="10" pageNumber="781" specimenCount="11" specimenCount-adult="11">
<specimenCount id="9D0A4FECFFEAFFCFFE41FE59FE3AFE4E" box="[406,504,477,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="781" type="adult">11 adult</specimenCount>
parthenogenic female specimens from
<location id="8ED3D2BEFFEAFFCFFE97FE79FE72FDAE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A53573FFEAFFCEFEF8FE19FEE3FE2E:8ED3D2BEFFEAFFCFFE97FE79FE72FDAE" box="[320,432,509,533]" county="University of Santo Tomas Zooplankton Reference Collection" municipality="Candaba Swamp" name="Lake Taal" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">Lake Taal</location>
,
<location id="8ED3D2BEFFEAFFCFFE69FE79FDA9FDAE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A53573FFEAFFCEFEF8FE19FEE3FE2E:8ED3D2BEFFEAFFCFFE69FE79FDA9FDAE" box="[446,619,509,533]" county="University of Santo Tomas Zooplankton Reference Collection" municipality="Candaba Swamp" name="Lake Sampaloc" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">Lake Sampaloc</location>
, and
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD71E1FFFEAFFCFFD7EFE79FF1AFD8E" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">Candaba Swamp</collectingMunicipality>
were examined and stored in
<collectingCounty id="62D2FCE9FFEAFFCFFDF9FD99FD8BFDEE" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">University of Santo Tomas Zooplankton Reference Collection</collectingCounty>
(
<collectionCode id="ED1D1CA0FFEAFFCFFD8FFDB9FD0AFDEE" box="[600,712,573,597]" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">UST-ZRC</collectionCode>
) with reference numbers 00720081, and 0093
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C316D7EEFFEAFFCFFF5FFD19FA89FDEE" pageId="10" pageNumber="781" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB38465FFEAFFCFFF5FFD19FA89FDEE" blockId="10.[136,781,669,1173]" lastBlockId="10.[835,1475,189,597]" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">
<emphasis id="B9785877FFEAFFCFFF5FFD19FED4FD0E" bold="true" box="[136,278,669,693]" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">Description.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0CFFE6FFEAFFCFFEF7FD19FE4AFD0E" authorityName="C.E.Goulden" authorityYear="1968" box="[288,392,669,693]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Moinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="10" pageNumber="781" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Moinidae</taxonomicName>
is composed of only two genera:
<taxonomicName id="4C0CFFE6FFEAFFCFFF5FFD3AFF0CFD6E" authorityName="Baird" authorityYear="1850" box="[136,206,702,725]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Moinidae" genus="Moina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="10" pageNumber="781" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9785877FFEAFFCFFF5FFD3AFF0CFD6E" box="[136,206,702,725]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">Moina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0CFFE6FFEAFFCFFED7FD39FE5FFD6E" authorityName="Herrick" authorityYear="1887" box="[256,413,701,725]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Moinidae" genus="Moinodaphnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="10" pageNumber="781" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9785877FFEAFFCFFED7FD39FE5FFD6E" box="[256,413,701,725]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">Moinodaphnia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C0CFFE6FFEAFFCFFE7EFD3AFE2DFD6E" authorityName="Baird" authorityYear="1850" box="[425,495,702,725]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Moinidae" genus="Moina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="10" pageNumber="781" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9785877FFEAFFCFFE7EFD3AFE2DFD6E" box="[425,495,702,725]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">Moina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are found from temporary freshwater pools to brackish and saline lakes.
<taxonomicName id="4C0CFFE6FFEAFFCFFDB0FD5AFCC5FD4E" authorityName="Kurz" authorityYear="1875" box="[615,775,734,757]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Moinidae" genus="Moina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="10" pageNumber="781" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micrura">
<emphasis id="B9785877FFEAFFCFFDB0FD5AFCC5FD4E" box="[615,775,734,757]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">Moina micrura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are one of the smallest species in Family
<taxonomicName id="4C0CFFE6FFEAFFCFFD83FD79FD7CFCAE" authorityName="C.E.Goulden" authorityYear="1968" box="[596,702,765,789]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Moinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="10" pageNumber="781" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Moinidae</taxonomicName>
. Mean length in all specimen examined is 1.1 mm. The head is evidently characterised by a well-developed supraocular depression and a large eye (
<figureCitation id="133798E0FFEAFFCFFE15FCD9FDEBFCCE" box="[450,553,861,885]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[835,872,2061,2083]" captionText="Fig. 19. Moina micrura parthenogenic female. A, habitus; B, antennule with exopodite; C, postabdomen; D, P1; E, antennae." pageId="10" pageNumber="781">Fig. 19A</figureCitation>
). The antennules of
<taxonomicName id="4C0CFFE6FFEAFFCFFF5FFCFAFEC0FC2E" authorityName="Kurz" authorityYear="1875" box="[136,258,894,917]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Moinidae" genus="Moina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="10" pageNumber="781" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micrura">
<emphasis id="B9785877FFEAFFCFFF5FFCFAFEC0FC2E" box="[136,258,894,917]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">M. micrura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are situated in a knob-liked position just behind the eye with two sensory setae in each located one-third to one-half the distance from the head. The sensory papillae are long and distinguishable. A distinct groove located behind the second antennae separates the head and the body. The exopod is composed of four-segmented ramus which contains heavy setation that extends from second to the fourth segment. Two short sensory setae are evident in the second antennae as shown in
<figureCitation id="133798E0FFEAFFCFFE1FFBF9FDEAFB2E" box="[456,552,1149,1173]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[835,872,2061,2083]" captionText="Fig. 19. Moina micrura parthenogenic female. A, habitus; B, antennule with exopodite; C, postabdomen; D, P1; E, antennae." pageId="10" pageNumber="781">Fig. 19E</figureCitation>
. The P1 has reduced its filtering functions but have fewer setae compared to other sidids (
<figureCitation id="133798E0FFEAFFCFFC05FF59FBFAFF4E" box="[978,1080,221,245]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[835,872,2061,2083]" captionText="Fig. 19. Moina micrura parthenogenic female. A, habitus; B, antennule with exopodite; C, postabdomen; D, P1; E, antennae." pageId="10" pageNumber="781">Fig. 19D</figureCitation>
). Carapace is round and surrounded by 3740 setae in the shell margin.The postabdomen is short and slender. The distal conical portion composes one-fourth of the total length. A sharp postabdominal claw contains three to eleven feathered teeth (
<figureCitation id="133798E0FFEAFFCFFBB3FED9FB08FECE" box="[1124,1226,349,373]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[835,872,2061,2083]" captionText="Fig. 19. Moina micrura parthenogenic female. A, habitus; B, antennule with exopodite; C, postabdomen; D, P1; E, antennae." pageId="10" pageNumber="781">Fig. 19C</figureCitation>
). The number of teeth varies on the body size of the specimen. Its dorsal margin is characterised by having several numbers of setae extend up to the sharp part of the claw. There is also a long bident tooth present located at the base of the feathered teeth. The long and sharply curved postabdominal claw contains four to seven sharp teeth that are also called “basaldorn” that extends towards the distal end (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9DF994FFEAFFCFFB4EFDB9FAFCFDEE" author="Goulden C" box="[1177,1342,573,597]" pageId="10" pageNumber="781" pagination="5 - 101" refId="ref13841" refString="Goulden C (1968) The Systematics and Evolution of the Moinidae. American Philosophical Society, 58: 5 - 101." type="journal article" year="1968">Goulden, 1968</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C316D7EEFFEAFFCFFC94FDF9FCA4FC4E" pageId="10" pageNumber="781" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB38465FFEAFFCFFC94FDF9FCA4FC4E" blockId="10.[835,1475,637,1013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">
<emphasis id="B9785877FFEAFFCFFC94FDF9FC10FD2E" bold="true" box="[835,978,637,661]" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<collectingRegion id="49C84A87FFEAFFCFFC32FDF9FBB7FD2E" box="[997,1141,637,661]" country="Philippines" name="Ilocos Norte" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">Ilocos Norte</collectingRegion>
: Lake Paoay;
<collectingRegion id="49C84A87FFEAFFCFFACEFDF9FABFFD2E" box="[1305,1405,637,661]" country="Philippines" name="Cagayan" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">Cagayan</collectingRegion>
: Lake Nagatutuan;
<collectingRegion id="49C84A87FFEAFFCFFC34FD1AFB89FD0D" box="[995,1099,670,694]" country="Philippines" name="Benguet" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">Benguet</collectingRegion>
: Ambuklao Dam;
<collectingRegion id="49C84A87FFEAFFCFFAE6FD19FA7FFD0E" box="[1329,1469,669,693]" country="Philippines" name="Pangasinan" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">Pangasinan</collectingRegion>
: Fish Pond in Burgos;
<collectingRegion id="49C84A87FFEAFFCFFBE9FD39FB44FD6E" box="[1086,1158,701,725]" country="Philippines" name="Tarlac" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">Tarlac</collectingRegion>
: Lake Tambo;
<collectingRegion id="49C84A87FFEAFFCFFAE6FD3AFA7CFD6E" box="[1329,1470,701,725]" country="Philippines" name="Nueva Ecija" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">Nueva Ecija</collectingRegion>
: Pantabangan Dam;
<collectingRegion id="49C84A87FFEAFFCFFBC5FD59FBBCFD4E" box="[1042,1150,733,757]" country="Philippines" name="Zambales" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">Zambales</collectingRegion>
: Lake Mapanuepe;
<collectingRegion id="49C84A87FFEAFFCFFA9BFD5AFA7DFD4D" box="[1356,1471,734,758]" country="Philippines" name="Pampanga" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">Pampanga</collectingRegion>
: Candaba swamp; National Capital
<collectingRegion id="49C84A87FFEAFFCFFB07FD79FADDFCAE" box="[1232,1311,765,789]" country="Iraq" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">Region</collectingRegion>
(NCR):
<collectingRegion id="49C84A87FFEAFFCFFA50FD79FA00FCAE" box="[1415,1474,765,789]" country="Philippines" name="Pasig" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">Pasig</collectingRegion>
River,
<collectingRegion id="49C84A87FFEAFFCFFC50FC99FC25FC8E" box="[903,999,797,821]" country="Philippines" name="Marikina" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">Marikina</collectingRegion>
River;
<collectingRegion id="49C84A87FFEAFFCFFBE6FC9AFB41FC8D" box="[1073,1155,798,822]" country="Philippines" name="Laguna" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">Laguna</collectingRegion>
: Lake Bunot, Lake Palakpakin, Lake Sampaloc, Lake Pandin, Lake Kalibato, Lake Tadlak, Lake Caliraya, Lake Lumot-Mahipon,
<collectingRegion id="49C84A87FFEAFFCFFAD3FCDAFA95FCCD" box="[1284,1367,862,886]" country="Philippines" name="Laguna" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">Laguna</collectingRegion>
De Bay;
<collectingRegion id="49C84A87FFEAFFCFFC94FCFAFC6BFC2D" box="[835,937,894,918]" country="Philippines" name="Batangas" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">Batangas</collectingRegion>
: Taal Lake;
<collectingRegion id="49C84A87FFEAFFCFFBE3FCF9FB1BFC2E" box="[1076,1241,893,917]" country="Philippines" name="Camarines Sur" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">Camarines Sur</collectingRegion>
: Lake Buhi;
<collectingRegion id="49C84A87FFEAFFCFFABCFCF9FC67FC0E" country="Philippines" name="Mindoro Oriental" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">Oriental Mindoro</collectingRegion>
: Lake Naujan;
<collectingRegion id="49C84A87FFEAFFCFFB87FC19FAD0FC0E" box="[1104,1298,925,949]" country="Philippines" name="Misamis Oriental" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">Misamis Oriental</collectingRegion>
: Lake Gumaod;
<collectingRegion id="49C84A87FFEAFFCFFC94FC39FC2CFC6E" box="[835,1006,957,981]" country="Philippines" name="South Cotabato" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">South Cotabato</collectingRegion>
: Lake Siloton, Lake Lahit, Lake
<collectingRegion id="49C84A87FFEAFFCFFA85FC39FA45FC6E" box="[1362,1415,957,981]" country="Philippines" name="Cebu" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">Sebu</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="133798E0FFEAFFCFFA40FC39FC9CFC4E" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[136,171,2062,2084]" captionTargetBox="[138,1473,1359,2038]" captionTargetId="figure-480@12.[797,1521,1344,2041]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 18. Distribution of family Moinidae based on recently collected samples (2013) and stored samples in the UST ZRC." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5356256" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5356256/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C316D7EEFFEAFFCEFC94FB99FEE3FE2E" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="782" pageId="10" pageNumber="781" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB38465FFEAFFCEFC94FB99FEE3FE2E" blockId="10.[835,1474,1053,1173]" lastBlockId="11.[113,752,189,405]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="782" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">
<emphasis id="B9785877FFEAFFCFFC94FB99FC74FB8E" bold="true" box="[835,950,1053,1077]" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0CFFE6FFEAFFCFFC15FB9AFB86FB8E" authorityName="Kurz" authorityYear="1875" box="[962,1092,1054,1077]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Moinidae" genus="Moina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="10" pageNumber="781" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micrura">
<emphasis id="B9785877FFEAFFCFFC15FB9AFB86FB8E" box="[962,1092,1054,1077]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="781">M. micrura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from other Moinids based from its small size and by the complete absence of hairs on both the head and shell. The species is reported in the Palearctic region and also from the tropics and subtropics of America,
<collectingCountry id="F31BC4F5FFEBFFCEFE72FF39FDC5FF6E" box="[421,519,189,213]" name="Australia" pageId="11" pageNumber="782">Australia</collectingCountry>
(2002) as well as in Africa and Europe (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9DF994FFEBFFCEFE98FF59FE3AFF4E" author="Goulden C" box="[335,504,221,245]" pageId="11" pageNumber="782" pagination="5 - 101" refId="ref13841" refString="Goulden C (1968) The Systematics and Evolution of the Moinidae. American Philosophical Society, 58: 5 - 101." type="journal article" year="1968">Goulden, 1968</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EF9DF994FFEBFFCEFDDAFF59FD79FF4E" author="Goulden C" box="[525,699,221,245]" pageId="11" pageNumber="782" pagination="5 - 101" refId="ref13841" refString="Goulden C (1968) The Systematics and Evolution of the Moinidae. American Philosophical Society, 58: 5 - 101." type="journal article" year="1968">Goulden (1968)</bibRefCitation>
also confirmed its presence in the Far East and Southeast Asia specifically in
<collectingCountry id="F31BC4F5FFEBFFCEFEC5FE99FE89FE8E" box="[274,331,285,309]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="782">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F31BC4F5FFEBFFCEFE8FFE99FE02FE8E" box="[344,448,285,309]" name="Indonesia" pageId="11" pageNumber="782">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F31BC4F5FFEBFFCEFE2FFE99FD88FE8E" box="[504,586,285,309]" name="Taiwan" pageId="11" pageNumber="782">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
. The species is mostly found in temporary water bodies but is also common in large plankton of large freshwater lakes (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9DF994FFEBFFCEFD97FED9FD2EFECE" author="Fernando CH" box="[576,748,349,373]" pageId="11" pageNumber="782" refId="ref13642" refString="Fernando CH (2002) A Guide to Tropical Freshwater Zooplankton Identification, Ecology and Impact on Fisheries. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 291 pp." type="book" year="2002">Fernando, 2002</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9DF994FFEBFFCEFFA6FEF9FED7FE2E" author="Goulden C" box="[113,277,381,405]" pageId="11" pageNumber="782" pagination="5 - 101" refId="ref13841" refString="Goulden C (1968) The Systematics and Evolution of the Moinidae. American Philosophical Society, 58: 5 - 101." type="journal article" year="1968">Goulden, 1968</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>