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<document id="3C37DC9F71A49940961494933B65C3F3" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.276876" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a52c737b-5f8e-48ab-a98a-d3d7aa3b8d44" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="276876" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460242194602" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis &amp; Medianero, Enrique" docDate="2011" docId="03A487F3FFF9C607FF2A6790FD6BEBD4" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02774p047.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2774" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Synergus gabrieli Nieves-Aldrey &amp; Medianero, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="FF9DFF8BFFF2C60BFFBD6707FFA3EA1B" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of inquilines of oak gall wasps of Panama, with description of eight new species of Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Synergini)" masterLastPageNumber="47" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1698241067433" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="58E00602A56E9AD6806416A250F557EC" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="37EFE4E23E66CA7BC1C9699278D19670">
<mods:title id="AE07FB98DF540FEFAB411DCF8FD92F2E">Taxonomy of inquilines of oak gall wasps of Panama, with description of eight new species of Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Synergini)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="21D37326DFE4BBA09D6AADA3D8A98CDD" type="personal">
<mods:role id="CA72D26BD7117D8952AE8BFB35732F6D">
<mods:roleTerm id="16F14BEFEF7AF1D1610443FE9F684AAC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="815359D95AAFC2128599082F19677459">Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="0910FFD6F3E6946399CE74068B0ECAE2" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7222731205D34395C648EF3BC863245D">
<mods:roleTerm id="2EF6188E32702630A60C162789B3836B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8CE5C25EAEFD7C2390E5C6FC3E65461F">Medianero, Enrique</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="5401D4B1618A754A3184F7BC74C9410E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="8C5C83A9F0C4A516E1234521083C3F2B" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="841BAB5181E62219FF8F3EF466152D0C">
<mods:title id="82F6DB57B400023BA3F1D271013A8CBF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="D0F8104462F95ED28FB2D7BF7B5AAD57">
<mods:date id="D79F3C55DFF18DE64246B39D221A87BA">2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="2DAF323F97FBC85D69D732C01DBD107B" type="volume">
<mods:number id="4F5FBC73954C06DFB1FE4090161A44B1">2774</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="9DA6ABB2E25179971F15DF3A21D6361F" unit="page">
<mods:start id="00D47002994EA13EB9CBD3428B48E124">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="33CC5F605678B9FE4C06C90E5578A533">47</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="4E7325B1D5B1DB25553B5716730ACEE0">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="9F32F9CBC052E8B929C023B3502FC0BA" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.276876</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="44AB1BB412A3365B65D4A1B5A7CBEE79" type="GBIF-Dataset">a52c737b-5f8e-48ab-a98a-d3d7aa3b8d44</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="41EED0510BFB850F7A504B399B710C3F" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F8D4872D4FA6D7D61E3EFE6FACEE89F2" type="Zenodo-Dep">276876</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03A487F3FFF9C607FF2A6790FD6BEBD4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6189368" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119389907" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6189368" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487F3FFF9C607FF2A6790FD6BEBD4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A487F3FFF9C607FF2A6790FD6BEBD4" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<subSubSection id="C317656EFFF9C600FF2A6790FC0DEAC9" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF9C600FF2A6790FC9BEAAA" blockId="11.[151,942,151,210]" box="[151,824,151,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<heading id="D0FA8189FFF9C600FF2A6790FC9BEAAA" bold="true" box="[151,824,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF9C600FF2A6790FC9BEAAA" bold="true" box="[151,824,151,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF9C600FF2A6790FD71EAAA" authority="Nieves-Aldrey &amp; Medianero" authorityName="Nieves-Aldrey &amp; Medianero" box="[151,722,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabrieli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF9C600FF2A6790FEC8EAAA" bold="true" box="[151,363,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Synergus gabrieli</emphasis>
Nieves-Aldrey &amp; Medianero
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A578CFFF9C600FD676790FC9BEAAA" box="[730,824,151,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF9C600FF2A67BDFC0DEAC9" blockId="11.[151,942,151,210]" box="[151,942,186,210]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
(
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF9C600FF2267BDFF4FEAC9" box="[159,236,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1897]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 2. Head anterior view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus gabrieli. (B) Synergus chiricanus. (C) Synergus baruensis. (D) Synergus rufinotaulis. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus luteus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276878/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
A, 4D, 5L, 6F, 7F, 9A, 11C, 12B, 14A, 15C, 16F, 17G, 20A–B)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C317656EFFF9C600FF2A6604FCD3E821" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF9C600FF2A6604FBC3EBB1" blockId="11.[151,1437,258,2010]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF9C600FF2A6604FEE6EB00" bold="true" box="[151,325,258,283]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<typeStatus id="54B68847FFF9C600FF2A6604FF71EB00" box="[151,210,259,283]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54B68847FFF9C600FEF06605FE16EB01" box="[333,437,258,282]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
̩ (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF9C600FE5F6605FD97EB01" box="[482,564,258,282]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1050]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[151,1436,193,1051]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 20. Habitus of Synergus species: (A) Synergus gabrieli, female. (B) Synergus gabrieli, male. (C) Synergus chiricanus, female. (D) Synergus baruensis, female. (E) Synergus baruensis, male. (F) Synergus luteus, female. (G) Synergus luteus, male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276896/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
A) (in Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid,
<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFF9C600FB186605FB46EB01" box="[1189,1253,258,282]" name="Spain" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Spain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectionCode id="ED1CAE20FFF9C600FB486605FAECEB01" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[1269,1359,258,282]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">MNCN</collectionCode>
), cardmounted. Cat. nº 2099).
<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFF9C600FE116620FD85EB24" box="[428,550,295,319]" name="Panama" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
, Chiriquí, Volcán Barú, 8º 46' 36 08” N, 82º 31' 39 03” W,
<quantity id="4CF59B00FFF9C600FB756621FAD6EB25" box="[1224,1397,294,318]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.935" metricValueMax="2.07" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="1935.0" valueMax="2070.0" valueMin="1800.0">1,800–2,070 m</quantity>
; ex gall
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF9C600FF76664BFECFEB78" box="[203,364,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF9C600FF76664BFEEBEB78" box="[203,328,332,355]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neuroterus</taxonomicName>
sp
</emphasis>
. on leaves of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF9C600FDAB664CFC2CEB79" box="[534,911,330,355]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bumelioides">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF9C600FDAB664CFCA5EB78" box="[534,774,331,355]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Quercus bumelioides</emphasis>
(Fagaceae)
</taxonomicName>
, gall collected
<date id="FFB31025FFF9C600FBFC664DFB1DEB79" box="[1089,1214,330,354]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2009-03-26">26.iii.2009</date>
, E. Medianero leg.
<typeStatus id="54B68847FFF9C600FF2A6668FEABEB9C" box="[151,264,367,391]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: 6 3, 1̩, same data as
<typeStatus id="54B68847FFF9C600FDA66669FD22EB9D" box="[539,641,366,390]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; 1 3, 2̩, same data but gall collected
<date id="FFB31025FFF9C600FBFC6669FB0EEB9D" box="[1089,1197,366,390]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2008-01-30">30.i.2008</date>
. Six
<typeStatus id="54B68847FFF9C600FB556668FAF0EB9C" box="[1256,1363,367,391]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
in the
<collectionCode id="ED1CAE20FFF9C600FF2A6695FF4DEBB1" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[151,238,402,426]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">MNCN</collectionCode>
, four
<typeStatus id="54B68847FFF9C600FE936694FE3AEBB0" box="[302,409,403,427]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
in Maestría en Entomología, Universidad de
<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFF9C600FC256695FC52EBB1" box="[920,1009,402,426]" name="Panama" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Panamá</collectingCountry>
(
<collectionCode id="ED1CAE20FFF9C600FBBD6695FBF7EBB1" box="[1024,1108,402,426]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">MEUP</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF9C600FF7A66B0FCD3E821" blockId="11.[151,1437,258,2010]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Non-type material: 43, 2̩, Chiriquí, Renacimiento,
<quantity id="4CF59B00FFF9C600FC9966B1FC27EBD5" box="[804,900,438,462]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="1270.0">1,270 m</quantity>
, ex gall
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF9C600FC5A66B1FAD4EBD5" authority="Cameron" authorityName="Cameron" box="[999,1399,438,462]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF9C600FC5A66B1FB56EBD5" box="[999,1269,438,462]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Andricus guatemalensis</emphasis>
(
<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFF9C600FAB866B1FACCEBD5" box="[1285,1391,438,462]" name="Cameroon" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cameron</collectingCountry>
)
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF9C600FF2A66DCFEC5EBE8" box="[151,358,475,499]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lancifolia">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF9C600FF2A66DCFEC5EBE8" box="[151,358,475,499]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Quercus lancifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FFB31025FFF9C600FEC966DDFE44EBE9" box="[372,487,474,498]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2008-10-26">26.x.2008</date>
; 13, 1̩, same date, but gall collected at Piedra Candela,
<date id="FFB31025FFF9C600FBD566DDFB40EBE9" box="[1128,1251,474,498]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2008-06-18">18.vi.2008</date>
. 13, 2̩, Volcan Barú, ex gall
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF9C600FE8C66F9FD9DE80D" box="[305,574,510,534]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF9C600FE8C66F9FD9DE80D" box="[305,574,510,534]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Andricus guatemalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF9C600FDD666F8FCF4E80D" box="[619,855,510,534]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bumelioides">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF9C600FDD666F8FCF4E80D" box="[619,855,510,534]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Quercus bumelioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FFB31025FFF9C600FCDA66F9FC77E80D" box="[871,980,510,534]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2008-01-30">30.i.2008</date>
. 33, 2̩, Boquete, Alto Quiel,
<quantity id="4CF59B00FFF9C600FA8566F9FA34E80D" box="[1336,1431,510,534]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="1600.0">1,600 m</quantity>
, ex gall
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF9C600FF546524FE56E820" box="[233,501,547,571]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF9C600FF546524FE56E820" box="[233,501,547,571]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Andricus guatemalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF9C600FDA26524FD78E820" box="[543,731,547,571]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insignis">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF9C600FDA26524FD78E820" box="[543,731,547,571]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Quercus insignis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FFB31025FFF9C600FD546525FCCFE821" box="[745,876,546,570]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2008-12-19">19.xii.2008</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C317656EFFF9C600FF7A6540FCF6E845" box="[199,853,582,607]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF9C600FF7A6540FCF6E845" blockId="11.[151,1437,258,2010]" box="[199,853,582,607]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF9C600FF7A6540FEE5E844" bold="true" box="[199,326,583,607]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Etymology</emphasis>
. Named after Gabriel, son of the junior author.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C317656EFFF9C600FF7A656DFA35E8F5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF9C600FF7A656DFA35E8F5" blockId="11.[151,1437,258,2010]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF9C600FF7A656DFE59E898" bold="true" box="[199,506,618,643]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Diagnosis and comments.</emphasis>
A polyphagous, quite variable species; closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF9C600FB2F656CFAD4E898" box="[1170,1399,619,643]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiricanus">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF9C600FB2F656CFAD4E898" box="[1170,1399,619,643]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Synergus chiricanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF9C600FA3A656CFEA7E8BD" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baruensis">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF9C600FA3A656CFEA7E8BD" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. baruensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF9C600FE846588FE3DE8BD" box="[313,414,654,678]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF9C600FE846588FE39E8BD" box="[313,410,654,678]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">S. luteus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Diagnostic characters of this species are the frontal carina being narrow and branched, faint before reaching the lateral ocelli; F1 of the female antenna 1.3 as long as F2, mesoscutum weakly coriarious with some minute closely spaced transverse rugae, metasomal T2+3 with punctures very weak, forming a narrow band.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C317656EFFF9C607FF7A65FDFBD5EB24" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF9C600FF7A65FDFA3FE909" blockId="11.[151,1437,258,2010]" box="[199,1436,762,787]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF9C600FF7A65FDFEFAE908" bold="true" box="[199,345,762,787]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Description.</emphasis>
Body length
<quantity id="4CF59B00FFF9C600FE5365FDFDE0E909" box="[494,579,762,786]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
(range 1.50–1.66; N = 4) for females; 1.5 (range 1.19–1.58; N = 7) for males
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF9C600FF7A6419FDC0E9B9" blockId="11.[151,1437,258,2010]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Female. Head yellow red, ocellar triangle, vertex medially and occiput black. Antenae yellow. Mesosoma black, excepting dorsolateral margin of pronotum yellow red and tegulae yellow. Metasoma black dorsally to brownish red posteriorly. Legs pale yellow. Forewing hyaline, veins pale yellow. Male similar coloration of female. Metasoma and forewing venation darker.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF9C600FF7A64A8FD40EEFD" blockId="11.[151,1437,258,2010]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF9C600FF7A64A8FEBDE9DC" bold="true" box="[199,286,943,967]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Female</emphasis>
. (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF9C600FE8964A9FE25E9DD" box="[308,390,942,966]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1050]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[151,1436,193,1051]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 20. Habitus of Synergus species: (A) Synergus gabrieli, female. (B) Synergus gabrieli, male. (C) Synergus chiricanus, female. (D) Synergus baruensis, female. (E) Synergus baruensis, male. (F) Synergus luteus, female. (G) Synergus luteus, male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276896/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
A). Head in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF9C600FD2164A9FD7CE9DD" box="[668,735,942,966]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1822,1845]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1801]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 4. Head dorsal view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus ibericus. (B) Synergus nicaraguensis. (C) Synergus chiricanus. (D) Synergus gabrieli. (E) Synergus luteus. (F) Synergus baruensis. (G) Synergus rufinotaulis, male. (H) Synergus rufinotaulis, female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276880/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
D) 2.1 times as wide as long. Genae not expanded behind compound eye. POL 1.6 times longer than OOL, posterior ocellus separated from inner orbit of eye by 1.4 times its diameter. Head in anterior view (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF9C600FDAD64F1FDF7EE15" box="[528,596,1014,1038]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1897]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 2. Head anterior view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus gabrieli. (B) Synergus chiricanus. (C) Synergus baruensis. (D) Synergus rufinotaulis. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus luteus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276878/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A) trapezoid, 1.2 times wider than high, genae not expanded behind eyes. Face weakly pubescent, with marked, high, strong irradiating carinae from clypeus, reaching ventral margin of eye and ventral margin of toruli, excepting the medial carina; the carinae are widely spaced, especially medially, the interspaces smooth. Ventral margin of clypeus weakly projected over mandibles. Malar space 0.6 as long as height of compound eye. Toruli size and relative separation as in the precedent species. Frons coriarious, weakly punctuate dorsally, frontal carinae narrow, faint before reaching lateral ocelli (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF9C600FC1263ADFC4FEED9" box="[943,1004,1194,1218]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1822,1845]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1801]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 4. Head dorsal view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus ibericus. (B) Synergus nicaraguensis. (C) Synergus chiricanus. (D) Synergus gabrieli. (E) Synergus luteus. (F) Synergus baruensis. (G) Synergus rufinotaulis, male. (H) Synergus rufinotaulis, female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276880/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig 4</figureCitation>
D). Vertex and occiput coriarious, with weak rugae and moderately punctate (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF9C600FDFD63C9FD2EEEFD" box="[576,653,1230,1254]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1897]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 2. Head anterior view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus gabrieli. (B) Synergus chiricanus. (C) Synergus baruensis. (D) Synergus rufinotaulis. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus luteus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276878/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
A, 4D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF9C600FF7A63F5FF66EF6D" blockId="11.[151,1437,258,2010]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Female antenna with 14 segments (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF9C600FDE063F5FD02EF11" box="[605,673,1266,1290]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[166,1429,151,1945]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[166,1431,147,1946]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 5. Female antennae of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Agastoroxenia panamensis. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus colombianus. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus baruensis. (G) Synergus luteus. (H) Synergus mesoamericanus. (I) Synergus chiricanus (J) Synergus elegans. (K) Synergus rufinotaulis. (L) Synergus gabrieli." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276881/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
L); flagellum slightly broadened towards apex. Relative lengths of antennal segments: 19:12:30:23:23:22:20:17:15:15:14:13:12:21; pedicel 1.5 longer than wide; F1 1.3 as long as F2. Male antenna with 15 segments; F1 slightly excaved medially and very weakly expanded basally and apically (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF9C600FAD3623DFF05EF6D" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1731,1754]" captionTargetBox="[191,1394,181,1709]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[191,1395,181,1710]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male antennae of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Agastoroxenia panamensis. (B) Synergus elegans. (C) Synergus nicaraguensis. (D) Synergus chiricanus. (E) Synergus luteus. (F) Synergus gabrieli. (G) Synergus ramoni. (H) Synergus mesoamericanus. (I) Synergus colombianus. (J) Synergus baruensis. (K) Synergus rufinotaulis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276882/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
F).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF9C600FF7A6284FB33EC69" blockId="11.[151,1437,258,2010]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Mesosoma. Pronotum without lateral pronotal carina (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF9C600FC836285FC25EF81" box="[830,902,1410,1434]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1403,1426]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1381]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1382]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pronotum anterior view of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Synergus ibericus. (B) Synergus ramoni. (C) Agastoroxenia panamensis. (D) Synergus chiricanus. (E) Synergus laticephalus. (F) Synergus gabrieli." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276883/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
B). Lateral surface of pronotum with weaklyrugose sculpture. Mesoscutum (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF9C600FE4662A1FD9DEFA5" box="[507,574,1446,1470]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1619,1642]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1598]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1598]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 9. Mesosoma dorsal view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus gabrieli. (B) Synergus luteus. (C) Synergus baruensis. (D) Synergus chiricanus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276885/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
A) with, very weak interrupted transverse rugae, the interspaces with coriarious sculpture. Notauli percurrent, narrow and moderately converging posteriorly, with of a notaulus posteriorly not as wide as transscutal fissure. Median mesoscutal impression not visible. Scutellar foveae ellipsoidal, smooth, anterior margins moderately diverging from the fissure transscutal, posterior margins discernible. Scutellum not margined, with moderate rugose sculpture, weaker medially (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF9C600FCA46131FCFEEC55" box="[793,861,1590,1614]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1619,1642]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1598]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1598]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 9. Mesosoma dorsal view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus gabrieli. (B) Synergus luteus. (C) Synergus baruensis. (D) Synergus chiricanus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276885/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
A). Mesopleuron (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF9C600FB976131FBDBEC55" box="[1066,1144,1590,1614]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1803,1826]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,176,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,171,1783]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 11. Mesosoma lateral view of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Synergus nicaraguensis. (B) Synergus chiricanus. (C) Synergus gabrieli. (D) Synergus rufinotaulis. (E) Synergus luteus. (F) Synergus baruensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276887/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
C) with regular horizontal striae extended on the speculum, the interspaces smooth, coriarious sculpture not apparent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF9C600FF7A6179FD07ECA1" blockId="11.[151,1437,258,2010]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Lateral propodeal carinae distinct, broad, slightly convergent posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF9C600FBA86179FBC9EC8D" box="[1045,1130,1662,1686]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1228,1251]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1206]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,193,1207]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 12. Propodeum posterior view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus chiricanus. (B) Synergus gabrieli. (C) Synergus nicaraguensis. (D) Synergus ramoni." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276888/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
B). Median propodeal area smooth, with short pubescence. Nucha sulcate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF9C600FF7A61C0FA9DECC5" blockId="11.[151,1437,258,2010]" box="[199,1342,1734,1759]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Legs. Tarsal claw with secondary acute tooth measuring about 1/3 of length of apical tooth (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF9C600FB7361C1FABCECC5" box="[1230,1311,1734,1758]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1268,1291]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1246]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,193,1247]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 16. Metatarsal claws of Synergus species: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus ramoni. (C) Synergus nicaraguensis. (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Synergus luteus. (F) Synergus gabrieli." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276892/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
F).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF9C600FF7A61EDFABEED51" blockId="11.[151,1437,258,2010]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Forewing (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF9C600FEFF61EDFE31ED19" box="[322,402,1770,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,151,1945]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,145,1945]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 17. Forewing of Synergus species: (A) Synergus laticephalus. (B) Synergus elegans. (C) Synergus ramoni (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus rufinotaulis. (G) Synergus gabrieli. (H) Synergus chiricanus. (I) Synergus luteus. (J) Synergus baruensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276893/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
G) longer than body. Radial cell long, 3.4 times longer than wide. R1 not well visible along margin of radial cell, narrowed and less pigmented, radial cell ambiguously closed; areolet indistinct; vein Rs+M invisible. Basal cell with widely spaced sparse setae. Apical margin of wing with a long fringe of setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF9C600FF7A6050FA36EDC1" blockId="11.[151,1437,258,2010]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Metasoma (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF9C600FEF66051FE3EED75" box="[331,413,1878,1902]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1212,1235]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1190]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,193,1191]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 14. Metasoma lateral view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus gabrieli. (B) Synergus chiricanus. (C) Synergus baruensis. (D) Synergus luteus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276890/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
A). First metasomal tergum longitudinally sulcate dorsally. Metasomal tergum T2+3 fused, covering 4/5 parts of metasoma, smooth and shining, with minute, obsolete, micropunctures forming a narrow band posterodorsal to tergite. Anterolateral pubescence composed of a group of 4–5 setae. Projecting part of hypopygial spine slightly extended beyond attachment of lateral flap; apical setae not projected beyond apex spine (
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF9C600FA9C60C5FAD0EDC1" box="[1313,1395,1986,2010]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1109,1132]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1087]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,193,1088]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 15. Hypopygium ventral view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus gabrieli. (D) Synergus luteus. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus mesoamericanus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276891/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
C).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFEC607FF7A6790FBD5EB24" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFEC607FF7A6790FE98EAAB" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Variation.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFEC607FEF8679FFE1EEAAB" box="[325,445,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabrieli">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFEC607FEF8679FFE1EEAAB" box="[325,445,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. gabrieli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a relatively common species that inhabits a moderately wide array of host cynipid galls. The variability of this species is accordingly high. Its variability is related not only to its coloration but also to the sculpture of the frons, vertex and mesoscutum, the relative average of antennal F1 and F2 and the shape of F1 of the male antennae. It is possibile that that this variability may obscure the existence the some closely related cryptic species. Ongoing molecular DNA studies may answer this question in the future.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C317656EFFFEC607FF7A664CFD22EB7F" box="[199,641,331,356]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFEC607FF7A664CFD22EB7F" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,464]" box="[199,641,331,356]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFEC607FF7A664CFEC3EB7F" bold="true" box="[199,352,331,356]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution.</emphasis>
Chiriqui region,
<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFFEC607FD9C664AFDDEEB7F" box="[545,637,333,356]" name="Panama" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Panama</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C317656EFFFEC607FF7A6668FD6BEBD4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFEC607FF7A6668FD6BEBD4" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFEC607FF7A6668FE84EB93" bold="true" box="[199,295,367,392]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Biology.</emphasis>
This new species is a polyphagous inquiline that shows a preference for attacking the leaf galls induced by
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFEC607FEA06693FD8FEBB7" box="[285,556,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFEC607FEA06693FD8FEBB7" box="[285,556,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Andricus guatemalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFEC607FD806693FD2CEBB7" box="[573,655,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[183,1418,151,1939]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[183,1419,143,1939]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 21. Host galls of Synergus species from Panama: (A) Amphibolips castroviejoi. (B) Andricus championi. (C) Trigonaspis sp. indet., female?. (D) Andricus guatemalensis. (E) Neuroterus sp. nov. (F) gen. sp. indet. (G) Callirhytis sp. nov. (H) Disholcaspis sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276897/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
D) and an undescribed species of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFEC607FBA86692FB31EBB7" box="[1045,1170,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFEC607FBA86692FB31EBB7" box="[1045,1170,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Neuroterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFEC607FB1E6693FB55EBB7" box="[1187,1270,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[183,1418,151,1939]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[183,1419,143,1939]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 21. Host galls of Synergus species from Panama: (A) Amphibolips castroviejoi. (B) Andricus championi. (C) Trigonaspis sp. indet., female?. (D) Andricus guatemalensis. (E) Neuroterus sp. nov. (F) gen. sp. indet. (G) Callirhytis sp. nov. (H) Disholcaspis sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276897/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
E) on
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFEC607FA836692FA3FEBB7" box="[1342,1436,405,428]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFEC607FA836692FA3FEBB7" box="[1342,1436,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species of both the
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFEC607FED266BFFE6EEBD4" box="[367,461,440,463]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFEC607FED266BFFE6EEBD4" box="[367,461,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFEC607FDBE66BFFDFCEBCB" box="[515,607,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Lobatae</emphasis>
sections.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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