265 lines
29 KiB
XML
265 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="3F5FBAE3B7C80E805804B709A6E207F4" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.214977" ID-GBIF-Dataset="77ee786b-c3de-46c0-a2e8-9247decffea5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="214977" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460494379731" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sh, Hossein Rajaei, Stüning, Dieter & Trusch, Robert" docDate="2012" docId="03A487B4573EFF8472A7A173F367DF7E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03360p052.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3360" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Gnopharmia erema Wehrli" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="FF9DFFCC572CFF977230A44DF034D952" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision and zoogeographical patterns of the species of Gnopharmia Staudinger, 1892 (Geometridae, Ennominae)" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1698310700469" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F9C19F05052BFA07BEBFD9CE9CF417D1">
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<mods:title id="60FB56B1805364A8A2A0542E013DC853">Taxonomic revision and zoogeographical patterns of the species of Gnopharmia Staudinger, 1892 (Geometridae, Ennominae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="F528578C8F522C2422C2A28B137594E7" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="72B92FAFF19A42D0228C365521F159E8">Sh, Hossein Rajaei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CA95C1D0E5398999D45BAE1425D875F1">Stüning, Dieter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="72800836DA51AFCE7DDBF56D8B77B9C3">Trusch, Robert</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9E12A01686816A19EAA52E5D6D5F6D65">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="87F5742128D155184FD450E71DB20678">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="59ADE3D63ECEF87F30BDEFED26F9E3B8">
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<mods:date id="589DCC052DACA2949D6C7B33FAAF0407">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="49A0D03C45C573134BBAE7E0B112DA0C" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="AFD01CC209DD13247D892A8DD8DE0232">3360</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="7F2C400E1D3C87C3192C8DD41CC86260">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3FCE8F707E174F04616AEFB7C515323E" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.214977</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F26C0A144368D47631DC58FAA8A90326" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A487B4573EFF8472A7A173F367DF7E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6177442" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119520349" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6177442" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487B4573EFF8472A7A173F367DF7E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A487B4573EFF8472A7A173F367DF7E" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<subSubSection id="C3176529573EFF8572A7A173F1A0DC2B" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB236A2573EFF8572A7A173F1D4DC0A" blockId="18.[151,480,1342,1401]" box="[151,480,1342,1368]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<heading id="D0FA81CE573EFF8572A7A173F1D4DC0A" bold="true" box="[151,480,1342,1368]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D21573EFF8572A7A173F1D4DC0A" ID-CoL="3GNDG" authority="Wehrli" authorityName="Wehrli" box="[151,480,1342,1368]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erema">
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||
<emphasis id="B979EAB0573EFF8572A7A173F1D4DC0A" bold="true" box="[151,480,1342,1368]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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||
<emphasis id="B979EAB0573EFF8572A7A173F1B0DC0A" bold="true" box="[151,388,1342,1368]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Gnopharmia erema</emphasis>
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Wehrli
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB236A2573EFF8572A7A12CF1A0DC2B" blockId="18.[151,480,1342,1401]" box="[151,404,1377,1401]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13362A27573EFF8572AFA12CF0C7DC2B" box="[159,243,1377,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 10 – 14. G" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1862,1885]" captionTargetBox="[170,1406,223,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,193,1839]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 10 – 14. G. cocandaria. 10: female from Kuldja, cited and figured by Wehrli (1953) in Seitz 4 (suppl.); 11: G. maculifera maculifera, lectotype, male from Samarkand [Uzbekistan]; 12: G. maculifera afghanistana, holotype, male; 13: G. erema, lectotype; 14: G. irakensis, syntype, male. a, upperside; b, under side; c, original label. Scale bar: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214982/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 13</figureCitation>
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&
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<figureCitation id="13362A27573EFF857327A12CF102DC2B" box="[279,310,1377,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 37 – 38" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1869,1892]" captionTargetBox="[175,1419,211,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1436,193,1847]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 37 – 38. Male genitalia and abdominal sternites. 37: G. colchidaria colchidaria, lectotype of G. c o l c h i d a r i a melanotaenia, gen. prep: 415 / 2008 H. R., SEM prep. 17 / 2009 H. R., 38: G. erema, lectotype, gen. prep: 411 / 2008 H. R. a: genital capsule; b: aedeagus; c: distal part of aedeagus (SEM; with scale); d: sternite A 8. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214988/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">38</figureCitation>
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; Map 2)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3176529573EFF8572A7A1FFF349DCB5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB236A2573EFF8572A7A1FFF349DCB5" blockId="18.[151,1335,1458,1511]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D21573EFF8572A7A1FFF224DC9A" ID-CoL="3GNDG" authority="Wehrli, 1939: 71" authorityName="Wehrli" authorityPageNumber="71" authorityYear="1939" box="[151,528,1458,1480]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erema">
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<emphasis id="B979EAB0573EFF8572A7A1FFF168DC9A" box="[151,348,1458,1480]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Gnopharmia erema</emphasis>
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Wehrli, 1939: 71
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54B68800573EFF85702AA1FEF243DC9A" box="[538,631,1459,1480]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
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2 3, BMNH, ZFMK (examined).
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<typeStatus id="54B68800573EFF8571E5A1FEF433DC9A" box="[981,1031,1459,1480]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Type</typeStatus>
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locality: Kerbela desert,
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<collectingCountry id="F31A7632573EFF857737A1FEF507DC9A" box="[1287,1331,1459,1480]" name="Iraq" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Iraq</collectingCountry>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D21573EFF8572A7A19CF217DCB5" ID-CoL="3GNDG" authority="Wehrli, 1953: 566" authorityName="Wehrli" authorityPageNumber="566" authorityYear="1953" box="[151,547,1489,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erema">
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<emphasis id="B979EAB0573EFF8572A7A19CF168DCB5" box="[151,348,1489,1511]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Gnopharmia erema</emphasis>
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: Wehrli, 1953: 566
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 47f;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B53573EFF85704DA19FF372DCB4" author="Parsons" box="[637,838,1489,1511]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Parsons, M. S., Scoble, M. J., Honey, H. R., Pitkin, L. M. & Pitkin, R. B. (1999) The catalogue. in: Scoble, M. J., ed. Geometrid Moths of the world: a catalogue (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Collingwood: CSIRO Publishing, 1046 pp." type="book" year="1999">Parsons et al., 1999</bibRefCitation>
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: 406.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3176529573EFF8572A7A25EF15EDEE4" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BB236A2573EFF8572A7A25EF15EDEE4" blockId="18.[151,1437,1554,1974]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="B979EAB0573EFF8572A7A25EF1F6DF79" bold="true" box="[151,450,1554,1579]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<typeStatus id="54B68800573EFF8572A7A25EF0E6DF79" box="[151,210,1555,1579]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Type</typeStatus>
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material examined.
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</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54B68800573EFF8573E4A25FF204DF78" box="[468,560,1554,1578]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
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3, ‘Kerbela desert |
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<date id="FFB31062573EFF857112A25FF349DF78" box="[802,893,1554,1578]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="37-12-04">12.4.37</date>
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’, ‘
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D21573EFF8571A8A25FF4F3DF78" authority="Wehrli" authorityName="Wehrli" box="[920,1223,1554,1578]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erema">
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<emphasis id="B979EAB0573EFF8571A8A25FF441DF78" box="[920,1141,1554,1578]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Gnopharmia erema</emphasis>
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Wehrli
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</taxonomicName>
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, 3,
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<typeStatus id="54B68800573EFF8576CDA25FF551DF78" box="[1277,1381,1554,1578]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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[red label, partly handwritten by Wehrli], ‘
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D21573EFF857062A27BF3FCDF1C" authority="Wehrli Stgr." authorityName="Wehrli Stgr." box="[594,968,1590,1614]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erema">
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<emphasis id="B979EAB0573EFF857062A27BF304DF1C" box="[594,816,1590,1614]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Gnopharmia erema</emphasis>
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Wehrli Stgr.
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</taxonomicName>
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, abgebildet Seitz IV. Suppl. fig.’[yellow label, partly handwritten by Wehrli], ‘gen. prep. 411/2008 H. Rajaei.’,
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<collectionCode id="ED1CAE67573EFF8571FEA217F3C7DF20" box="[974,1011,1626,1650]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">BC</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="ED1CAE67573EFF8571CEA216F478DF20" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" box="[1022,1100,1627,1650]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">ZFMK</collectionCode>
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Lep 0 0 785 [barcoding serial number], in
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<collectionCode id="ED1CAE67573EFF857313A232F141DFC4" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" box="[291,373,1663,1686]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">ZFMK</collectionCode>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54B68800573EFF8573B0A233F1E8DFC4" box="[384,476,1662,1686]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
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3, ‘
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<collectingCountry id="F31A7632573EFF85703CA233F276DFC4" box="[524,578,1662,1686]" name="Iraq" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Iraq</collectingCountry>
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: desert | Kerbela |
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<date id="FFB31062573EFF857126A233F342DFC4" box="[790,886,1662,1686]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1937-05-01">1.v.1937</date>
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| E. P. Wiltshire’, ‘
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D21573EFF857660A232F4A1DFC4" box="[1104,1173,1663,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erema">
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<emphasis id="B979EAB0573EFF857660A232F4A1DFC4" box="[1104,1173,1663,1686]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">erema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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| Wehrli
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D21573EFF8576CFA233F5BADFC4" box="[1279,1422,1662,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB0573EFF8576CFA233F5BADFC4" box="[1279,1422,1662,1686]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Gnopharmia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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| Dr. Wehrli’, ‘Wehrli genitalia slide no. 7251 3, ‘Wiltshire coll. | B.M. 1979-433’, in
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<collectionCode id="ED1CAE67573EFF857666A2EEF49ADFE8" box="[1110,1198,1699,1722]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
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. Additional material studied: 2 3, 4 Ƥ: 1 Ƥ, same locality as
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<typeStatus id="54B68800573EFF857062A28AF2B6DF8D" box="[594,642,1735,1759]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
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||
locality,
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<date id="FFB31062573EFF8570D8A28BF369DF8C" box="[744,861,1734,1758]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1937-04-11">11.iv.1937</date>
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E. P. Wiltshire, genitalia preparation E. P. Wiltshire 2698, Wiltshire coll. B.M. 1979-433; 1 3, same locality,
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<date id="FFB31062573EFF857173A2A7F397DE50" box="[835,931,1770,1794]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1937-05-06">6.v.1937</date>
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||
E. P. Wiltshire, genitalia preparation E. P. Wiltshire 1104 male, Wiltshire coll. B.M. 1979-433; 1 Ƥ, same locality,
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<date id="FFB31062573EFF8571CCA343F444DE74" box="[1020,1136,1806,1830]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1937-04-11">11.iv.1937</date>
|
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E. P. Wiltshire, genitalia preparation E. P. Wiltshire 1104 female [same slide as male] / Wiltshire coll. B.M. 1979-433; 1 3, same locality,
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||
<date id="FFB31062573EFF8572A7A31BF0C3DE3C" box="[151,247,1878,1902]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1937-05-04">4.v.1937</date>
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E. P. Wiltshire, Wiltshire coll. B.M. 1979-433,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D21573EFF85713DA31BF429DE3C" authority="Wli" authorityName="Wli" box="[781,1053,1878,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB0573EFF85713DA31BF3DDDE3C" box="[781,1001,1878,1902]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Gnopharmia erema</emphasis>
|
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Wli
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
; 1 Ƥ, same locality,
|
||
<date id="FFB31062573EFF857732A31BF556DE3C" box="[1282,1378,1878,1902]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1937-05-05">5.v.1937</date>
|
||
E. P. Wiltshire / Wiltshire coll. B.M. 1979-433; 1 Ƥ, same locality,
|
||
<date id="FFB31062573EFF857177A337F388DEC0" box="[839,956,1914,1938]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1937-04-11">11.iv.1937</date>
|
||
E. P. Wiltshire / Wiltshire coll. B.M. 1979- 433. all in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1CAE67573EFF85733EA3D2F152DEE4" box="[270,358,1951,1974]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3176529573FFF8472F7A4DAF496DBD6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236A2573FFF8472F7A4DAF496DBD6" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB0573FFF8472F7A4DAF16DD9E2" bold="true" box="[199,345,151,176]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Description.</emphasis>
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Wings and body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A27573FFF847070A4DAF2A1D9FD" box="[576,661,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 10 – 14. G" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1862,1885]" captionTargetBox="[170,1406,223,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,193,1839]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 10 – 14. G. cocandaria. 10: female from Kuldja, cited and figured by Wehrli (1953) in Seitz 4 (suppl.); 11: G. maculifera maculifera, lectotype, male from Samarkand [Uzbekistan]; 12: G. maculifera afghanistana, holotype, male; 13: G. erema, lectotype; 14: G. irakensis, syntype, male. a, upperside; b, under side; c, original label. Scale bar: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214982/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
). Frons conically extended, distal depression and central protrusion weak. Genae distinctly pointed antero-ventrally. Free apical segments in male antennae 10. Tibial spines rather long and acute. Wingspan
|
||
<quantity id="4CF59B47573FFF8473F9A492F22FD9A5" box="[457,539,223,247]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="24.0">24 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B68800573FFF84701BA492F2F0D9A5" box="[555,708,223,247]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in ZFMK measured, but
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B68800573FFF8471DDA492F467D9A5" box="[1005,1107,223,247]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and additional specimens in BMNH more or less of the same size). Wings on upperside light greyish-brown or sand-coloured, dusted with brown scales, transverse lines replaced by a few rather indistinct dark brown spots, most conspicuous those on costa. An indistinct darker brown submarginal band present, not bordered distally by a dentate line; marginal area as ground colour, margin with black spots or short streaks centrally between the veins, apical patch absent. Fringe unichrome, almost white. Discal dots blackish brown. Hindwings with pattern elements even more reduced, marginal streak more continuous. Under side much lighter than upperside, sand-coloured, shining. Marginal band very faint, hardly visible. Discal dots clearly marked. Male genitalia and pre-genital abdomen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A27573FFF8476F5A591F52ED8A6" box="[1221,1306,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 37 – 38" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1869,1892]" captionTargetBox="[175,1419,211,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1436,193,1847]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 37 – 38. Male genitalia and abdominal sternites. 37: G. colchidaria colchidaria, lectotype of G. c o l c h i d a r i a melanotaenia, gen. prep: 415 / 2008 H. R., SEM prep. 17 / 2009 H. R., 38: G. erema, lectotype, gen. prep: 411 / 2008 H. R. a: genital capsule; b: aedeagus; c: distal part of aedeagus (SEM; with scale); d: sternite A 8. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214988/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
|
||
). Aedeagus short (1.2 mm), stout, with a short coecum penis and a small ventral fin; two long and one shorter proximal subapical spines (number and size probably variable. Wehrli (1953: 566) mentions 3–4 larger and some smaller spines) present in a dorso-lateral position on right side, also 1–3 small, tooth-like distal spines ventrally near the tip of the aedeagus. Cornuti on vesica absent. Octavals short (0.3 mm), broad, with rounded tip.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3176529573FFF8472F7A6C2F3D6DF5A" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236A2573FFF8472F7A6C2F23BDABF" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB0573FFF8472F7A6C2F175DBFA" bold="true" box="[199,321,655,680]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
In some characters, e.g. shape of aedeagus and length and arrangement of proximal subapical spines, this species is very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D21573FFF847064A6F8F2C8DB9E" box="[596,764,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kasrunensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB0573FFF847064A6F8F2C8DB9E" box="[596,764,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">G. kasrunensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 41) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D21573FFF847195A6F8F473DB9E" box="[933,1095,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cocandaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB0573FFF847195A6F8F473DB9E" box="[933,1095,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">G. cocandaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 42). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D21573FFF8476D8A6F9F553DB9E" box="[1256,1383,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cocandaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB0573FFF8476D8A6F9F553DB9E" box="[1256,1383,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">cocandaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the aedeagus is longer and narrower,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D21573FFF84702DA695F295DBA2" box="[541,673,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kasrunensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB0573FFF84702DA695F295DBA2" box="[541,673,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">kasrunensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a larger, but also stout aedeagus, but the proximal spines are longer, the distal spines are absent and a large, multiple cornutus is present (the latter absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D21573FFF84773FA6B0F560DA46" box="[1295,1364,765,788]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB0573FFF84773FA6B0F560DA46" box="[1295,1364,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">erema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The octavals are short and broad in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D21573FFF84703CA76CF265DA6A" box="[524,593,801,824]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB0573FFF84703CA76CF265DA6A" box="[524,593,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">erema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 38-d), longer, narrower, with rounded tips in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D21573FFF847699A76DF51DDA6A" box="[1193,1321,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cocandaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB0573FFF847699A76DF51DDA6A" box="[1193,1321,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">cocandaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and even longer, with curved distal parts in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D21573FFF84700AA709F28ADA0E" box="[570,702,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kasrunensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB0573FFF84700AA709F28ADA0E" box="[570,702,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">kasrunensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Moreover, both species are distinctly larger and different in appearance. In the absence of barcoding results (the attempt to barcode one of the male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B68800573FFF8476ADA724F4CBDAD3" box="[1181,1279,873,897]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
has not been successful),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D21573FFF847312A7C0F1B1DAF6" box="[290,389,909,932]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB0573FFF847312A7C0F1B1DAF6" box="[290,389,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">G. erema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is treated here as a distinct species, based on morphological characters only. It may also be a subspecies (or a desert form) of the widespread
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D21573FFF84708FA7FDF357DA9A" box="[703,867,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kasrunensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB0573FFF84708FA7FDF357DA9A" box="[703,867,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">G. kasrunensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For evaluation of its real status freshly collected material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D21573FFF847328A798F14FDABE" box="[280,379,981,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB0573FFF847328A798F14FDABE" box="[280,379,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">G. erema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is necessary.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236A2573FFF8472F7A7BAF3AADCCF" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB0573FFF8472F7A7BAF1B8DD42" bold="true" box="[199,396,1015,1040]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Taxonomic note.</emphasis>
|
||
Wehrli based his description on two male specimens only, collected by E. P. Wiltshire in the Kerbela desert on
|
||
<date id="FFB31062573FFF84735CA051F210DD66" box="[364,548,1052,1076]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">12. IV. and 1.V.</date>
|
||
, respectively. He did not state which of the two should be the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B68800573FFF847731A051F552DD66" box="[1281,1382,1052,1076]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, just mentioned: “
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B68800573FFF847315A00DF1BDDD0A" box="[293,393,1088,1112]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in his [Wiltshire’s] collection” (translated from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A7632573FFF847191A00DF435DD0A" box="[929,1025,1088,1112]" name="Germany" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">German</collectingCountry>
|
||
). Indeed, the specimen collected
|
||
<date id="FFB31062573FFF84775FA00DF0FBDD2E" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1937-05-01">1.V. 1937</date>
|
||
is kept in the BMNH collection; Wehrli dissected it before (the description of the genitalia in Seitz 4, Suppl.: 566 is based on this preparation), but the genitalia slide No. 7251 could not be traced there (John Chainey, in litt.
|
||
<date id="FFB31062573FFF8472A7A0E0F13BDD96" box="[151,271,1196,1220]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2011-12">Dec. 2011</date>
|
||
). On the other hand, Wehrli labelled the second specimen which he kept in his own collection (now in coll. ZFMK) as “
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B68800573FFF84736CA09DF1F6DDBA" box="[348,450,1232,1256]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
” (an invalid subsequent
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B68800573FFF8470EFA09CF33BDDBB" box="[735,783,1233,1257]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
|
||
designation). This specimen also was figured in Seitz 4, Suppl., pl.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0BFD2B573FFF847320A0B9F108DC5E" box="[272,316,1268,1292]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="generic">47f.</specimenCount>
|
||
It has been dissected now and agrees well with the description of the first specimen. Besides the two specimens mentioned above, Wiltshire collected another six specimens simultaneously. For some reason, Wehrli did not recognize them in the description. All are very similar in size and coloration and are also kept in the BMNH collection at present.
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB0573FFF8473BBA12DF1D8DC2A" box="[395,492,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">G. e re m a</emphasis>
|
||
is well defined by the two
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B68800573FFF84711BA12CF3B9DC2B" box="[811,909,1377,1401]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
and there is no risk of confusing it with other taxa. So, to our opinion, a designation of a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B68800573FFF847049A1C9F2D4DCCE" box="[633,736,1412,1436]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is not necessary.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236A2573FFF8472F7A1EAF3D6DF5A" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB0573FFF8472F7A1EAF1DCDC92" bold="true" box="[199,488,1447,1472]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Life history and habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
All specimens studied have been collected in April and May, in the Kerbela desert in the centre of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A7632573FFF84731CA180F169DCB6" box="[300,349,1485,1508]" name="Iraq" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Iraq</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In the original description, Wehrli (1939: 71) calls it a “desert species”, but no details about the characteristics of the habitat are known (except that it is a lowland habitat).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3176529573FFF8472F7A25EF367DF7E" box="[199,851,1555,1581]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236A2573FFF8472F7A25EF367DF7E" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1581]" box="[199,851,1555,1581]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB0573FFF8472F7A25EF16DDF7E" bold="true" box="[199,345,1555,1580]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(Map 2). Only known from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B68800573FFF8470F2A258F2C6DF7F" box="[706,754,1557,1581]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |