758 lines
110 KiB
XML
758 lines
110 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.1196007" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9f6a1d45-f725-42d1-a64c-b6ffaaae23d7" ID-ISSN="0035-418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1196007" checkinTime="1634783218614" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Galea, Horia R., Gioia Di Camillo, Cristina, Maggioni, Davide, Montano, Simone & Schuchert, Peter" docDate="2018" docId="03A487AEFF882C14FC5089B5FEEF6E66" docLanguage="en" docName="3_Galea_etal.pdf" docOrigin="Revue suisse de Zoologie 125 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:225056F0A23C51DDC06AC27EAEA15D5B.2:RevSuisseZool.2015-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="225056F0A23C51DDC06AC27EAEA15D5B" docStyleName="RevSuisseZool.2015-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Halopteris vervoorti Galea 2008" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="FF9DFFD6FF832C1BFFEA8C44FFB06820" masterDocTitle="A reassessment of Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913) (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), with descriptions of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="59" masterPageNumber="21" pageNumber="32" updateTime="1673543001549" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A reassessment of Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913) (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), with descriptions of three new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Galea, Horia R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Hydrozoan Research Laboratory, 405 Chemin des Gatiers, F- 83170 Tourves, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">horia.galea@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gioia Di Camillo, Cristina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, I- 60121 Ancona, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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||
<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Maggioni, Davide</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Marine Research and High Education (MaRHE) Center, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 12030 Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll, Maldives</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Montano, Simone</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Marine Research and High Education (MaRHE) Center, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 12030 Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll, Maldives</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Schuchert, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Muséum d’histoire naturelle, C. P. 6434, CH- 1211 Genève 6, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Revue suisse de Zoologie</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2018-03-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>125</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>21</mods:start>
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<mods:end>59</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.1196007</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">9f6a1d45-f725-42d1-a64c-b6ffaaae23d7</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0035-418</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1196007</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="189153148" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487AEFF882C14FC5089B5FEEF6E66" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A487AEFF882C14FC5089B5FEEF6E66" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
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<subSubSection box="[954,1314,1521,1545]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[909,1358,1521,1578]" box="[954,1314,1521,1545]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
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<heading bold="true" box="[954,1314,1521,1545]" centered="true" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName authority="Galea, 2008" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" box="[954,1314,1521,1545]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[954,1314,1521,1545]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[954,1174,1521,1545]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Halopteris vervoorti</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Galea H. R." box="[1181,1314,1522,1545]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref26877" refString="Galea H. R. 2008. On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa 1878: 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="2008">Galea, 2008</bibRefCitation>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[909,1358,1555,1578]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[909,1358,1521,1578]" box="[909,1358,1555,1578]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
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||
<figureCitation box="[909,996,1555,1578]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1838,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,265,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-6@4.[151,1436,257,1799]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Living colonies of Halopteris spp. showing their natural coloration. (A) H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913) from Bunaken, in situ (photo CGDC). (B, C) H. sibogae (Billard, 1913) from Bali, in situ. (D) H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM & SM). (E) H. australis sp. nov. from New Caledonia, in situ. (F) H. millardae sp. nov. from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM & SM). Photos courtesy: N. & J-M. Bertot (B, C), E. Tardy (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590662/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Figs 1D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[1008,1021,1555,1578]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,927,948]" captionTargetBox="[180,1374,260,911]" captionTargetId="figure-313@5.[151,1402,254,925]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Preserved cormoids of Halopteris spp. showing differences in their appearance. (A): H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913), MHNG- INVE-97937. (B): H. sibogae (Billard, 1913), MHNG-INVE-97938. (C-E): H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from Bali (MHNG- INVE-97952), Toliara (MHNG-INVE-98633) and Martinique (HRG-0897), respectively. (F): H. australis sp. nov. (MHNG- INVE-82742). (G): H. millardae sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-98634. (H): H. brasiliensis sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-37495, slide H12/37. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590664/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">2</figureCitation>
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C-E, 5;
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<tableCitation box="[1105,1195,1555,1578]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="25.[148,201,545,566]" captionTargetBox="[159,1915,612,1816]" captionText="Table 3. Comparative measurements (in μm) and main morphological features of H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from various localities. Ho stands for homomerous and He for heteromerous." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF726630FF9A2C02FF7E8E65F83C6A16" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" tableUuid="DF726630FF9A2C02FF7E8E65F83C6A16">Tables 3</tableCitation>
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,
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||
<tableCitation box="[1207,1223,1555,1578]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="26.[148,201,1073,1094]" captionTargetBox="[159,1953,1169,1784]" captionText="Table 4. Various records approaching the phenotype of Halopteris vervoorti Galea, 2008, and their possible taxonomic status (L stands for length, Φ for diameter, Ho and He for homo- and heteromerous, respectively, and Ha., He. and A. for Halopteris, Heterotheca and Antennella, respectively)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF726630FF992C01FF7E8875FB436C43" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" tableUuid="DF726630FF992C01FF7E8875FB436C43">4</tableCitation>
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; Appendix 1
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="32" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[831,1437,1600,1996]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
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||
<treatmentCitation author="Galea H. R." box="[831,1193,1600,1621]" page="42" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" year="2008">
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||
<taxonomicName authority="Galea, 2008: 42" authorityName="Galea" authorityPageNumber="42" authorityYear="2008" box="[831,1193,1600,1621]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
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<emphasis box="[831,1029,1600,1621]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Halopteris vervoorti</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Galea H. R." box="[1036,1193,1600,1621]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref26877" refString="Galea H. R. 2008. On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa 1878: 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="2008">Galea, 2008: 42</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 9; 2010: 3, 4; 2013: 50.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[831,1437,1600,1996]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
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||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[831,1057,1658,1679]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
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<emphasis box="[831,1057,1658,1679]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Halopteris polymorpha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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–
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<treatmentCitation author="Ansin Agis J. & Ramil F. & Vervoort W." box="[1081,1357,1658,1679]" page="167" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" year="2001">
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Ansin Agis J. & Ramil F. & Vervoort W." box="[1081,1357,1658,1679]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 268" refId="ref26086" refString="Ansin Agis J., Ramil F., Vervoort W. 2001. Atlantic Leptolida (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the families Aglaopheniidae, Halopterididae, Kirchenpaueriidae and Plumulariidae collected during the CANCAP and Mauritania-II expeditions of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, the Netherlands. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 333: 1 - 268." type="journal article" year="2001">
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Ansín Agís
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<emphasis box="[1196,1239,1658,1679]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">et al</emphasis>
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||
., 2001: 167
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 70. – (?)
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<treatmentCitation author="Preker M. & Lawn I. D." box="[972,1257,1687,1708]" page="120" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" year="2010">
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Preker M. & Lawn I. D." box="[972,1257,1687,1708]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" pagination="109 - 149" refId="ref28463" refString="Preker M., Lawn I. D. 2010. Hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Leptolida) from Moreton Bay, Queensland, and adjacent regions: a preliminary survey. In: Davie P. J. F. & Philips J. A. (eds). Proceedings of the Thirteen International Marine Biological Workshop, The Marine Fauna and Flora of Moreton Bay, Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, Nature 54 (3): 109 - 149." type="journal article" year="2010">Preker & Lawn, 2010: 120</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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[non
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<taxonomicName authority="Billard, 1913" authorityName="Billard, 1913 Billard" authorityYear="1913" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Plumularia polymorpha</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." box="[1029,1156,1716,1737]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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<emphasis box="[1170,1259,1716,1737]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">pro parte</emphasis>
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): 24, fig. 14B, C].
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="11.[831,1437,1600,1996]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
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||
<taxonomicName box="[831,1009,1744,1765]" class="Monothalamea" family="Lagynidae" genus="Heterotheca" kingdom="Chromista" order="Allogromiida" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="buski">
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<emphasis box="[831,1009,1744,1765]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Heterotheca buski</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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– (?)
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<treatmentCitation author="Hirohito & Emperor of Japan" box="[1073,1258,1744,1765]" page="30" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" year="1974">
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<bibRefCitation author="Hirohito & Emperor of Japan" box="[1073,1258,1744,1765]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" refId="ref27288" refString="Hirohito, Emperor of Japan. 1974. Some hydrozoans of the Bonin Islands. Publications of the Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo, 55 pp." type="book" year="1974">Hirohito, 1974: 30</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 14 (incorrect subsequent spelling).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="11.[831,1437,1600,1996]" box="[831,1411,1802,1823]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[831,1411,1802,1823]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[831,997,1802,1823]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="buskii">
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<emphasis box="[831,997,1802,1823]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Halopteris buskii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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– (?)
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<treatmentCitation author="Ryland J. S. & Gibbons M. J." box="[1054,1345,1802,1823]" page="527" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" year="1991">
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<bibRefCitation author="Ryland J. S. & Gibbons M. J." box="[1054,1345,1802,1823]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" pagination="525 - 560" refId="ref28906" refString="Ryland J. S., Gibbons M. J. 1991. Intertidal and shallow water hydroids from Fiji. II. Plumulariidae and Aglaopheniidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 30 (3): 525 - 560." type="journal article" year="1991">Ryland & Gibbons, 1991: 527</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 2.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[831,1437,1600,1996]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
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<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
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<taxonomicName box="[831,995,1831,1852]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="buski">
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<emphasis box="[831,995,1831,1852]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Halopteris buski</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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– (?)
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<treatmentCitation author="Hirohito & Emperor of Japan" box="[1062,1259,1831,1852]" page="244" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" year="1995">
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<bibRefCitation author="Hirohito & Emperor of Japan" box="[1062,1259,1831,1852]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" refId="ref27346" refString="Hirohito, Emperor of Japan. 1995. The hydroids of Sagami Bay. II. Thecata. Publications of the Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo, 244 pp (English text)." type="book" year="1995">Hirohito, 1995: 244</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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fig. 82 (incorrect subsequent spelling).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="11.[831,1437,1600,1996]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
|
||
non
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Bale W. M." box="[874,1208,1889,1910]" page="125" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" year="1884">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Bale, 1884: 125" authorityName="Bale" authorityPageNumber="125" authorityYear="1884" box="[874,1208,1889,1910]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="buskii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[874,1046,1889,1910]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Plumularia buskii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bale W. M." box="[1053,1208,1889,1910]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" refId="ref26191" refString="Bale W. M. 1884. Catalogue of the Australian hydroid zoophytes. Australian Museum, Sydney, 198 pp." type="book" year="1884">Bale, 1884: 125</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 10 fig. 3, pl. 19 figs 34-35.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[831,1437,1600,1996]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Vervoort" authorityYear="1967" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[831,1052,1946,1967]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Capnodiaceae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Capnodiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="secundaria">
|
||
<emphasis box="[831,1052,1946,1967]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Antennella secundaria</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– (?)
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Vervoort W." box="[1117,1306,1946,1967]" page="42" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" year="1967">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vervoort W." box="[1117,1306,1946,1967]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" pagination="18 - 54" refId="ref29377" refString="Vervoort W. 1967. The Hydroida and Chondrophora of the Israel South Red Sea Expedition, 1962. Israel South Red Sea Expedition, 1962 25: 18 - 54." type="journal article" year="1967">Vervoort, 1967: 42</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 12 [non
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Gmelin, 1791)" authorityName="Vervoort" authorityYear="1967" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[907,1283,1975,1996]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Capnodiaceae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Capnodiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="secundaria">
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||
<emphasis box="[907,1124,1975,1996]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Antennella secundaria</emphasis>
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||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gmelin J. F." box="[1136,1275,1975,1996]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" pagination="3021 - 3910" refId="ref27139" refString="Gmelin J. F. 1791. Vermes (pp. 3021 - 3910). In: Delamolliere J. B. (ed). Caroli a Linne Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species; cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Edition decima tertia, aucta reformata. Tom. I, Pars VI. Lugduni, XII + 4120 pp." type="book chapter" year="1791">Gmelin, 1791</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[831,1436,2021,2077]" lastBlockId="13.[151,757,258,1179]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,1068,2021,2044]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Material examined:</emphasis>
|
||
MHNG-INVE-98635;
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Maldives" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Republic of Maldives</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Faafu Atoll, Magoodhoo Island, 3.07606° 72.96159°,
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391054307" accessionNumber="MF773743" collectingDate="2016-01-29" collectorName="D. Maggioni & S. Montano" elevation="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<quantity box="[282,332,258,281]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="3.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[282,332,258,281]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName box="[409,553,258,281]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">D. Maggioni</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName box="[617,752,258,281]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">S. Montano</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<date box="[151,276,289,312]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" value="2016-01-29">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[151,276,289,312]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" value="2016-01-29">29.01.2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; many stems, up to
|
||
<quantity box="[532,614,289,312]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" unit="cm" value="1.3">1.3 cm</quantity>
|
||
high, some of them bearing female gonothecae; 16S sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[151,276,351,374]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MF773743" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">MF773743</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. –
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391054309" country="Maldives" location="Faafu Atoll" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="1">
|
||
MHNG-INVE-98636;
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Maldives" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Republic of Maldives</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487AEFF882C14FC5089B5FEEF6E66:8ED26063FF8E2C16FEE08D3AFE3769B5" box="[266,391,382,405]" country="Maldives" name="Faafu Atoll" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Faafu Atoll</location>
|
||
, 3.07478° 72.96628
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
°,
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391054324" accessionNumber="MF773742" collectingDate="2016-04-13" collectorName="D. Maggioni & S. Montano" country="Maldives" elevation="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<quantity box="[637,696,382,405]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="10.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[637,696,382,405]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName box="[151,296,413,436]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">D. Maggioni</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName box="[363,500,413,436]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">S. Montano</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<date box="[517,642,413,436]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" value="2016-04-13">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[517,642,413,436]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" value="2016-04-13">13.04.2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; 4 stems,
|
||
<quantity box="[151,241,444,467]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5-7 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, of which one bears two young female gonothecae; 16S sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[484,608,475,498]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MF773742" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">MF773742</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. –
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391054319" country="Indonesia" location="Pemuteran" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bali">
|
||
MHNG- INVE-97952;
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[315,423,506,529]" name="Indonesia" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[443,491,506,529]" country="Indonesia" name="Bali" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Bali</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487AEFF882C14FC5089B5FEEF6E66:8ED26063FF8E2C16FE148DBEFDC46A31" box="[510,628,506,529]" country="Indonesia" name="Pemuteran" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" stateProvince="Bali">Pemuteran</location>
|
||
, -8.14338° 114.65805
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
°,
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391054317" collectingDate="2015-04-10" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Galea" country="Madagascar" elevation="5" location="Dimadimatsy" municipality="Bay" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Toliara">
|
||
<quantity box="[302,377,537,560]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="0.5">
|
||
<elevation box="[302,377,537,560]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="0.5">0.5 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, coll. H.
|
||
<collectionCode box="[493,514,537,560]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName box="[537,604,537,560]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Galea</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<date box="[626,752,537,560]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" value="2015-04-10">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[626,752,537,560]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" value="2015-04-10">04.10.2015</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; several sterile cormoids, up to
|
||
<quantity box="[494,570,568,591]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" unit="cm" value="1.2">1.2 cm</quantity>
|
||
high. – MHNG- INVE-98633;
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[305,436,599,622]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[446,489,599,622]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Bay</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[524,602,599,622]" country="Madagascar" name="Toliara" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Toliara</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487AEFF882C14FC5089B5FEEF6E66:8ED26063FF8E2C16FD8E8E13FD446A4E" box="[612,756,599,622]" country="Madagascar" municipality="Bay" name="Dimadimatsy" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" stateProvince="Toliara">Dimadimatsy</location>
|
||
reef, -23.48234° 43.73285
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
°,
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391054318" collectingDate="1969-09-13" collectorName="Bonnet" country="France" elevation="2" location="Petite Anse" municipality="Basse-Terre" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<quantity box="[477,549,630,653]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[477,549,630,653]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1-2 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, coll. N. Gravier-
|
||
<collectorName box="[151,232,661,684]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Bonnet</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<date box="[252,377,661,684]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" value="1969-09-13">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[252,377,661,684]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" value="1969-09-13">13.09.1969</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; fertile (monoecious) colony on alga, stems up to
|
||
<quantity box="[358,436,691,714]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" unit="cm" value="0.8">0.8 cm</quantity>
|
||
high. – HRG-0337;
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[676,752,691,714]" name="France" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[151,286,722,745]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[313,446,722,745]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Basse-Terre</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487AEFF882C14FC5089B5FEEF6E66:8ED26063FF8E2C16FE338E96FDD86AC9" box="[473,616,722,745]" country="France" municipality="Basse-Terre" name="Petite Anse" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Petite Anse</location>
|
||
, 16.09639° -61.77139
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
°,
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391054311" collectingDate="2008-01-22" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Galea" country="France" elevation="5" location="Case-Pilote" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<quantity box="[299,377,753,776]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="0.5" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[299,377,753,776]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="0.5" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.0">0-1 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, coll. H.
|
||
<collectionCode box="[493,514,753,776]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName box="[537,604,753,776]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Galea</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<date box="[626,752,753,776]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" value="2008-01-22">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[626,752,753,776]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" value="2008-01-22">22.01.2008</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; numerous cormoids, up to
|
||
<quantity box="[455,532,784,807]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" unit="cm" value="1.2">1.2 cm</quantity>
|
||
high, some bearing male gonothecae. – HRG-0897;
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[534,610,815,838]" name="France" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[629,752,815,838]" name="Martinique" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Martinique</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487AEFF882C14FC5089B5FEEF6E66:8ED26063FF8E2C16FF7D8F0AFEA66B45" box="[151,278,846,869]" country="France" name="Case-Pilote" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Case-Pilote</location>
|
||
, 14.64311° -61.14171
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
°,
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391054310" collectingDate="2014-02-27" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Galea" country="France" elevation="6" location="Pilote" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<quantity box="[557,629,846,869]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[557,629,846,869]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5-7 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, coll. H.
|
||
<collectionCode box="[731,752,846,869]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName box="[151,218,877,900]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Galea</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<date box="[240,366,877,900]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" value="2014-02-27">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[240,366,877,900]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" value="2014-02-27">27.02.2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; several infertile plumes, up to
|
||
<quantity box="[151,229,908,931]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" unit="cm" value="1.3">1.3 cm</quantity>
|
||
high. – HRG-1339;
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[467,543,908,931]" name="France" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[558,680,908,931]" name="Martinique" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Martinique</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487AEFF882C14FC5089B5FEEF6E66:8ED26063FF8E2C16FF7D8FEFFF686BE2" box="[151,216,939,962]" country="France" name="Pilote" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Case-Pilote</location>
|
||
, 14.64337° -61.14199
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
°,
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391054325" accessionNumber="MF773741" collectingDate="2017-07-24" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Ferry" country="France" elevation="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<quantity box="[492,581,939,962]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="1.75" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[492,581,939,962]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="1.75" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.0">1-2.5 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectionCode box="[655,676,939,962]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName box="[690,752,939,962]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Ferry</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<date box="[151,276,970,993]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" value="2017-07-24">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[151,276,970,993]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" value="2017-07-24">24.07.2017</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; numerous cormoids, up to
|
||
<quantity box="[608,688,970,993]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" unit="cm" value="1.9">1.9 cm</quantity>
|
||
high, many bearing male gonothecae, and one their female counterpart; 16S sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[472,595,1032,1055]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MF773741" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">MF773741</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. –
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391054315" collectionCode="DM" collectorName="Dutch Caribbean" country="Curaçao" location="Piscadera Bay" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[644,689,1032,1055]" country="New Zealand" name="Dominion Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">DM</collectionCode>
|
||
&SM- CU005;
|
||
<collectorName box="[260,465,1063,1086]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Dutch Caribbean</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[492,583,1063,1086]" name="Curaçao" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
|
||
I.,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487AEFF882C14FC5089B5FEEF6E66:8ED26063FF8E2C16FD618863FF736C7D" country="Curaçao" name="Piscadera Bay" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Piscadera Bay</location>
|
||
, 12.12139° -68.96917
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
°,
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391054313" accessionNumber="MF773740" collectingDate="2017-09-06" collectorName="S. Montano" country="Curaçao" elevation="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<quantity box="[477,539,1094,1117]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="11.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[477,539,1094,1117]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="11.0">11 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName box="[617,752,1094,1117]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">S. Montano</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<date box="[151,276,1125,1148]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" value="2017-09-06">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[151,276,1125,1148]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" value="2017-09-06">09.06.2017</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; two sterile stems,
|
||
<emphasis box="[506,531,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">ca</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<quantity box="[551,633,1125,1148]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
high; 16S sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[256,378,1156,1179]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MF773740" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">MF773740</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590676" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5590676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590676/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" startId="12.[151,186,1664,1685]" targetBox="[152,1426,257,1603]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,1664,1858]" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Fig. 5.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Galea, 2008" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" box="[227,550,1664,1685]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
|
||
<emphasis box="[227,425,1664,1685]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">Halopteris vervoorti</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Galea H. R." box="[433,550,1664,1685]" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref26877" refString="Galea H. R. 2008. On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa 1878: 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="2008">Galea, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Indian Ocean (A-K) and the Caribbean (M-R). Portions of stems with cladia (A, B, M). Cauline internode (C). Portion of cladium, enlarged (D). Hydrothecate internodes in frontal (E, N) and lateral (F, O) aspects. Nematothecae (G): from caulus (G
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[647,654,1720,1732]" fontSize="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">1</superScript>
|
||
) and cladia (G
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[800,807,1720,1732]" fontSize="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">2</superScript>
|
||
), mesial (G
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[923,930,1720,1732]" fontSize="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">3</superScript>
|
||
) and laterals (G
|
||
<superScript attach="right" box="[1088,1109,1720,1732]" fontSize="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">4, 5</superScript>
|
||
) from cladial hydrothecae, single (G
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[252,259,1749,1761]" fontSize="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">6</superScript>
|
||
) and paired (G
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[402,409,1749,1761]" fontSize="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">7</superScript>
|
||
) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. Female (H, I, P) and male (J, K, Q) gonothecae. Cnidomes (L, R). Specimens MHNG-INVE-98635 (A, C, G
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[631,638,1778,1790]" fontSize="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">7</superScript>
|
||
), MHNG-INVE-97952 (B, F, G
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[947,968,1778,1790]" fontSize="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">4, 6</superScript>
|
||
, L), MHNG-INVE-98633 (D, E, G
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1307,1368,1778,1790]" fontSize="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">1-3, 5, 8, 9</superScript>
|
||
, H-K), HRG-1339 (M, P), HRG-0897 (O), HRG-0337 (Q, R). Figure in N is reproduced after
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Galea H. R." box="[1057,1185,1808,1829]" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref26877" refString="Galea H. R. 2008. On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa 1878: 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="2008">Galea (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Scale bars: 10 μm (L, R), 100 μm (C-G, N, O), 200 μm (H-K, P, Q), 300 μm (A, B, M).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="34" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,756,1202,1999]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,270,1202,1225]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
Small-sized (up to 2.0 cm high)
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1877" box="[642,756,1202,1225]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[642,756,1202,1225]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Halopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with homomerously-divided stems; internodes rather short, comprising a hydrotheca in their lower 2/3rd part, a well-developed lateral apophysis, and up to 7 nematothecae (1 mesial, a pair of laterals, 2 axillar, and 1-2 superior ones in a median row). Cladia alternate, divided heteromerously; hydrothecate internodes comparatively longer than their ahydrothecate counterparts, bearing a centrally-placed hydrotheca and up to 5 nematothecae (1 mesial, a pair of laterals and generally 1, exceptionally 2, axillar nematothecae); ahydrothecate internodes very short, carrying single nematotheca in their lower halves. Hydrotheca deep, tubular, slightly flaring below aperture, rim circular, slightly scooped in lateral view. Lateral nematothecae barely surpassing hydrothecal rim, borne on well-developed apophyses; conical, walls of lower chamber gradually thickening distally, apical chamber shallow, rim from lowered to sinuated adaxially.
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[275,331,1791,1814]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Male</collectingRegion>
|
||
gonothecae elongated-ovoid, borne on short, quadrangular pedicel; 2 basal nematothecae; distally a narrow, circular aperture. Female gonothecae comparatively larger, borne on short, quadrangular pedicel; broadly ovoid, tapering below, with large apical aperture with thickened rim, closed by glass-watchshaped operculum; basally 2-3 nematothecae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,756,2023,2077]" lastBlockId="14.[151,756,258,1200]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,294,2023,2046]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
Colonies composed of varied number of cormoids arising from tubular, creeping, branching hydrorhiza, devoid of nematothecae. Stems simple, erect (up to
|
||
<quantity box="[1006,1097,290,313]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
|
||
high in present material), monosiphonic (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1016,1122,322,345]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1838,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,265,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-6@4.[151,1436,257,1799]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Living colonies of Halopteris spp. showing their natural coloration. (A) H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913) from Bunaken, in situ (photo CGDC). (B, C) H. sibogae (Billard, 1913) from Bali, in situ. (D) H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM & SM). (E) H. australis sp. nov. from New Caledonia, in situ. (F) H. millardae sp. nov. from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM & SM). Photos courtesy: N. & J-M. Bertot (B, C), E. Tardy (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590662/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Figs 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1150,1164,322,345]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,927,948]" captionTargetBox="[180,1374,260,911]" captionTargetId="figure-313@5.[151,1402,254,925]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Preserved cormoids of Halopteris spp. showing differences in their appearance. (A): H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913), MHNG- INVE-97937. (B): H. sibogae (Billard, 1913), MHNG-INVE-97938. (C-E): H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from Bali (MHNG- INVE-97952), Toliara (MHNG-INVE-98633) and Martinique (HRG-0897), respectively. (F): H. australis sp. nov. (MHNG- INVE-82742). (G): H. millardae sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-98634. (H): H. brasiliensis sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-37495, slide H12/37. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590664/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">2</figureCitation>
|
||
C-E), composed of a basal, ahydrothecate part, and a much longer, distal part bearing hydrothecae and cladia. Basal part of varied length, almost straight, irregularly divided into successive segments of unequal length through up to 6 transverse nodes, bearing a total of up to 18 nematothecae arranged in two parallel, closely-set, longitudinal rows; distalmost segment separated from hydrothecate part of caulus through deeply-incised, oblique node. Upper part of caulus almost collinear proximally, becoming decidedly geniculate distally, divided into up to 15 regular internodes by means of oblique nodes (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1003,1133,708,731]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,186,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[152,1426,257,1603]" captionTargetId="figure-5@12.[151,1436,238,1605]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Halopteris vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Indian Ocean (A-K) and the Caribbean (M-R). Portions of stems with cladia (A, B, M). Cauline internode (C). Portion of cladium, enlarged (D). Hydrothecate internodes in frontal (E, N) and lateral (F, O) aspects. Nematothecae (G): from caulus (G1) and cladia (G2), mesial (G3) and laterals (G4, 5) from cladial hydrothecae, single (G6) and paired (G7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. Female (H, I, P) and male (J, K, Q) gonothecae. Cnidomes (L, R). Specimens MHNG-INVE-98635 (A, C, G7), MHNG-INVE-97952 (B, F, G4, 6, L), MHNG-INVE-98633 (D, E, G1-3, 5, 8, 9, H-K), HRG-1339 (M, P), HRG-0897 (O), HRG-0337 (Q, R). Figure in N is reproduced after Galea (2008). Scale bars: 10 μm (L, R), 100 μm (C-G, N, O), 200 μm (H-K, P, Q), 300 μm (A, B, M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590676/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Fig. 5A, M</figureCitation>
|
||
); distally, the segmentation may occasionally change to heteromerous through the insertion of transverse nodes. Each stem internode composed of a hydrotheca situated in its proximal half, a lateral apophysis (or a pair in the proximal most internode), and up to 7 nematothecae (a mesial, a pair of laterals, a pair of axillar, as well as 1 or, occasionally, 2 superior ones in a median row (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1232,1322,933,956]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,186,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[152,1426,257,1603]" captionTargetId="figure-5@12.[151,1436,238,1605]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Halopteris vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Indian Ocean (A-K) and the Caribbean (M-R). Portions of stems with cladia (A, B, M). Cauline internode (C). Portion of cladium, enlarged (D). Hydrothecate internodes in frontal (E, N) and lateral (F, O) aspects. Nematothecae (G): from caulus (G1) and cladia (G2), mesial (G3) and laterals (G4, 5) from cladial hydrothecae, single (G6) and paired (G7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. Female (H, I, P) and male (J, K, Q) gonothecae. Cnidomes (L, R). Specimens MHNG-INVE-98635 (A, C, G7), MHNG-INVE-97952 (B, F, G4, 6, L), MHNG-INVE-98633 (D, E, G1-3, 5, 8, 9, H-K), HRG-1339 (M, P), HRG-0897 (O), HRG-0337 (Q, R). Figure in N is reproduced after Galea (2008). Scale bars: 10 μm (L, R), 100 μm (C-G, N, O), 200 μm (H-K, P, Q), 300 μm (A, B, M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590676/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||
); superior nematothecae confined to a separate, ahydrothecate internode, where caulus segmentation becomes heteromerous; often a pair of laterally-displaced superior nematothecae, inserted at same level, on proximal most stem internode bearing the pair of cladia); internodes slightly bent above hydrotheca in opposite direction to corresponding cladium. Apophyses, exclusive of those of proximal most internode (that are paired), alternate along stem, each supporting a cladium. Cladia composed of a proximal, short, athecate, quadrangular internode, followed by a succession of a- and hydrothecate internodes resulting through a heteromerous segmentation (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1159,1252,1351,1374]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,186,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[152,1426,257,1603]" captionTargetId="figure-5@12.[151,1436,238,1605]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Halopteris vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Indian Ocean (A-K) and the Caribbean (M-R). Portions of stems with cladia (A, B, M). Cauline internode (C). Portion of cladium, enlarged (D). Hydrothecate internodes in frontal (E, N) and lateral (F, O) aspects. Nematothecae (G): from caulus (G1) and cladia (G2), mesial (G3) and laterals (G4, 5) from cladial hydrothecae, single (G6) and paired (G7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. Female (H, I, P) and male (J, K, Q) gonothecae. Cnidomes (L, R). Specimens MHNG-INVE-98635 (A, C, G7), MHNG-INVE-97952 (B, F, G4, 6, L), MHNG-INVE-98633 (D, E, G1-3, 5, 8, 9, H-K), HRG-1339 (M, P), HRG-0897 (O), HRG-0337 (Q, R). Figure in N is reproduced after Galea (2008). Scale bars: 10 μm (L, R), 100 μm (C-G, N, O), 200 μm (H-K, P, Q), 300 μm (A, B, M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590676/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ahydrothecate internodes with transverse proximal node and oblique distal node, carrying proximally a single nematotheca; internodes very short, though proximal most one slightly longer than subsequent counterparts (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1335,1424,1480,1503]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,186,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[152,1426,257,1603]" captionTargetId="figure-5@12.[151,1436,238,1605]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Halopteris vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Indian Ocean (A-K) and the Caribbean (M-R). Portions of stems with cladia (A, B, M). Cauline internode (C). Portion of cladium, enlarged (D). Hydrothecate internodes in frontal (E, N) and lateral (F, O) aspects. Nematothecae (G): from caulus (G1) and cladia (G2), mesial (G3) and laterals (G4, 5) from cladial hydrothecae, single (G6) and paired (G7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. Female (H, I, P) and male (J, K, Q) gonothecae. Cnidomes (L, R). Specimens MHNG-INVE-98635 (A, C, G7), MHNG-INVE-97952 (B, F, G4, 6, L), MHNG-INVE-98633 (D, E, G1-3, 5, 8, 9, H-K), HRG-1339 (M, P), HRG-0897 (O), HRG-0337 (Q, R). Figure in N is reproduced after Galea (2008). Scale bars: 10 μm (L, R), 100 μm (C-G, N, O), 200 μm (H-K, P, Q), 300 μm (A, B, M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590676/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hydrothecate internodes, up to 4 per cladium, with oblique proximal node and transverse distal node, rather short, accommodating a centrally-placed hydrotheca and its up to 5 associated nematothecae (1 mesial, a pair of laterals, as well as 1, or exceptionally 2, axillar nematothecae) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1014,1151,1673,1696]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,186,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[152,1426,257,1603]" captionTargetId="figure-5@12.[151,1436,238,1605]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Halopteris vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Indian Ocean (A-K) and the Caribbean (M-R). Portions of stems with cladia (A, B, M). Cauline internode (C). Portion of cladium, enlarged (D). Hydrothecate internodes in frontal (E, N) and lateral (F, O) aspects. Nematothecae (G): from caulus (G1) and cladia (G2), mesial (G3) and laterals (G4, 5) from cladial hydrothecae, single (G6) and paired (G7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. Female (H, I, P) and male (J, K, Q) gonothecae. Cnidomes (L, R). Specimens MHNG-INVE-98635 (A, C, G7), MHNG-INVE-97952 (B, F, G4, 6, L), MHNG-INVE-98633 (D, E, G1-3, 5, 8, 9, H-K), HRG-1339 (M, P), HRG-0897 (O), HRG-0337 (Q, R). Figure in N is reproduced after Galea (2008). Scale bars: 10 μm (L, R), 100 μm (C-G, N, O), 200 μm (H-K, P, Q), 300 μm (A, B, M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590676/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Fig. 5E, N</figureCitation>
|
||
). All hydrothecae deep, conical, adnate for about half their adaxial length; free adaxial wall straight, abaxial wall slightly sigmoid (basally imperceptibly concave, distally slightly everted below rim); aperture wide, circular, rim slightly scooped in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1119,1243,1832,1855]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,186,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[152,1426,257,1603]" captionTargetId="figure-5@12.[151,1436,238,1605]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Halopteris vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Indian Ocean (A-K) and the Caribbean (M-R). Portions of stems with cladia (A, B, M). Cauline internode (C). Portion of cladium, enlarged (D). Hydrothecate internodes in frontal (E, N) and lateral (F, O) aspects. Nematothecae (G): from caulus (G1) and cladia (G2), mesial (G3) and laterals (G4, 5) from cladial hydrothecae, single (G6) and paired (G7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. Female (H, I, P) and male (J, K, Q) gonothecae. Cnidomes (L, R). Specimens MHNG-INVE-98635 (A, C, G7), MHNG-INVE-97952 (B, F, G4, 6, L), MHNG-INVE-98633 (D, E, G1-3, 5, 8, 9, H-K), HRG-1339 (M, P), HRG-0897 (O), HRG-0337 (Q, R). Figure in N is reproduced after Galea (2008). Scale bars: 10 μm (L, R), 100 μm (C-G, N, O), 200 μm (H-K, P, Q), 300 μm (A, B, M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590676/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Fig. 5F, O</figureCitation>
|
||
); hydranths with
|
||
<emphasis box="[831,856,1864,1887]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 14 filiform tentacles. Gonothecae borne on both caulus and cladia through short, lateral apophyses arising midway between hydrothecal bases and mesial nematothecae. Female gonothecae large, piriform, borne on short quadrangular pedicels; basally a couple of nematothecae; distally a large, ovoid, transverse aperture, with conspicuously thickened rim, closed by a glass-watch-shaped operculum (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[528,677,258,281]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,186,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[152,1426,257,1603]" captionTargetId="figure-5@12.[151,1436,238,1605]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Halopteris vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Indian Ocean (A-K) and the Caribbean (M-R). Portions of stems with cladia (A, B, M). Cauline internode (C). Portion of cladium, enlarged (D). Hydrothecate internodes in frontal (E, N) and lateral (F, O) aspects. Nematothecae (G): from caulus (G1) and cladia (G2), mesial (G3) and laterals (G4, 5) from cladial hydrothecae, single (G6) and paired (G7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. Female (H, I, P) and male (J, K, Q) gonothecae. Cnidomes (L, R). Specimens MHNG-INVE-98635 (A, C, G7), MHNG-INVE-97952 (B, F, G4, 6, L), MHNG-INVE-98633 (D, E, G1-3, 5, 8, 9, H-K), HRG-1339 (M, P), HRG-0897 (O), HRG-0337 (Q, R). Figure in N is reproduced after Galea (2008). Scale bars: 10 μm (L, R), 100 μm (C-G, N, O), 200 μm (H-K, P, Q), 300 μm (A, B, M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590676/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Fig. 5H, I, P</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[701,756,258,281]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Male</collectingRegion>
|
||
gonothecae borne on single, quadrangular pedicels; fusiform to elongated-ovoid, with couple of basal nematothecae, and a distal, narrow, circular, transverse aperture, closed by thin perisarc sheet (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[591,744,385,408]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,186,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[152,1426,257,1603]" captionTargetId="figure-5@12.[151,1436,238,1605]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Halopteris vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Indian Ocean (A-K) and the Caribbean (M-R). Portions of stems with cladia (A, B, M). Cauline internode (C). Portion of cladium, enlarged (D). Hydrothecate internodes in frontal (E, N) and lateral (F, O) aspects. Nematothecae (G): from caulus (G1) and cladia (G2), mesial (G3) and laterals (G4, 5) from cladial hydrothecae, single (G6) and paired (G7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. Female (H, I, P) and male (J, K, Q) gonothecae. Cnidomes (L, R). Specimens MHNG-INVE-98635 (A, C, G7), MHNG-INVE-97952 (B, F, G4, 6, L), MHNG-INVE-98633 (D, E, G1-3, 5, 8, 9, H-K), HRG-1339 (M, P), HRG-0897 (O), HRG-0337 (Q, R). Figure in N is reproduced after Galea (2008). Scale bars: 10 μm (L, R), 100 μm (C-G, N, O), 200 μm (H-K, P, Q), 300 μm (A, B, M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590676/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Fig. 5J, K, Q</figureCitation>
|
||
). All nematothecae bithalamic, including the axillar ones; mesial triangular in frontal view, upper chamber slightly shallower than basal one, with conspicuously lowered rim on adaxial side (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[484,571,512,535]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,186,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[152,1426,257,1603]" captionTargetId="figure-5@12.[151,1436,238,1605]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Halopteris vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Indian Ocean (A-K) and the Caribbean (M-R). Portions of stems with cladia (A, B, M). Cauline internode (C). Portion of cladium, enlarged (D). Hydrothecate internodes in frontal (E, N) and lateral (F, O) aspects. Nematothecae (G): from caulus (G1) and cladia (G2), mesial (G3) and laterals (G4, 5) from cladial hydrothecae, single (G6) and paired (G7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. Female (H, I, P) and male (J, K, Q) gonothecae. Cnidomes (L, R). Specimens MHNG-INVE-98635 (A, C, G7), MHNG-INVE-97952 (B, F, G4, 6, L), MHNG-INVE-98633 (D, E, G1-3, 5, 8, 9, H-K), HRG-1339 (M, P), HRG-0897 (O), HRG-0337 (Q, R). Figure in N is reproduced after Galea (2008). Scale bars: 10 μm (L, R), 100 μm (C-G, N, O), 200 μm (H-K, P, Q), 300 μm (A, B, M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590676/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation box="[571,579,510,524]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,1848,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1436,255,2005]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. (A-K) Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913). Portions of stems (A, B) and proximal part of a cladium (C). Stem (D) and cladial (E, F) hydrothecae, the latter in frontal and lateral views, respectively. Nematothecae (G) cauline (G1), cladial (G2), mesial from cauline (G3) and cladial (G4) hydrothecae, laterals from cladial hydrothecae (G5-9), axillar from caulus (G10) and cladium (G11), and associated to the female gonotheca (G12, 13). Female (H, I) and male (J) gonothecae. Cnidome (K). (L-O) Halopteris sp. from Siboga Stn. 299, belonging to the syntype series of Plumularia polymorpha Billard, 1913. Cauline internode (L). Portion of a cladium (M), and the same much enlarged in frontal (N) and lateral (O) views. Specimens CDC004 (A, C, F), MHNG-INVE-97937 (B, D, E, G1-7, 10, 11, H, K), HRG-0421 (G8. 9, 12, 13, I, J), H.L. 1309 (L-O). Scale bars: 10 μm (K), 100 μm (D-G, L, N, O), 200 μm (H-J), 300 μm (A-C, M). ►" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590670/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[571,579,510,524]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">3</superScript>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
); laterals borne on well-developed apophyses, conical, moderatelylong (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[217,303,575,598]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,186,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[152,1426,257,1603]" captionTargetId="figure-5@12.[151,1436,238,1605]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Halopteris vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Indian Ocean (A-K) and the Caribbean (M-R). Portions of stems with cladia (A, B, M). Cauline internode (C). Portion of cladium, enlarged (D). Hydrothecate internodes in frontal (E, N) and lateral (F, O) aspects. Nematothecae (G): from caulus (G1) and cladia (G2), mesial (G3) and laterals (G4, 5) from cladial hydrothecae, single (G6) and paired (G7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. Female (H, I, P) and male (J, K, Q) gonothecae. Cnidomes (L, R). Specimens MHNG-INVE-98635 (A, C, G7), MHNG-INVE-97952 (B, F, G4, 6, L), MHNG-INVE-98633 (D, E, G1-3, 5, 8, 9, H-K), HRG-1339 (M, P), HRG-0897 (O), HRG-0337 (Q, R). Figure in N is reproduced after Galea (2008). Scale bars: 10 μm (L, R), 100 μm (C-G, N, O), 200 μm (H-K, P, Q), 300 μm (A, B, M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590676/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[303,329,573,587]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<figureCitation box="[303,312,573,587]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[151,186,1150,1171]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,257,1098]" captionTargetId="figure-373@10.[151,1436,257,1102]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. Halopteris sibogae (Billard, 1913). Portion of stem and proximal part of a cladium in frontal (B) and lateral (C) aspects. Hydrotheca in frontal (D) and lateral (E) views. Cladial nematothecae (F): from ahydrothecate internodes (F1-4), mesial (F5, 6), lateral (F7), single (F8) and paired (F9) axillar ones. Female (G) and male (H) gonothecae. Cnidome (I). Specimens MHNG- INVE-97938 (A-G, I), MHNG-INVE-97926 (H). Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (D, E, I), 200 μm (G, H), 300 μm (A-C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590674/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[321,329,573,587]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,186,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[152,1426,257,1603]" captionTargetId="figure-5@12.[151,1436,238,1605]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Halopteris vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Indian Ocean (A-K) and the Caribbean (M-R). Portions of stems with cladia (A, B, M). Cauline internode (C). Portion of cladium, enlarged (D). Hydrothecate internodes in frontal (E, N) and lateral (F, O) aspects. Nematothecae (G): from caulus (G1) and cladia (G2), mesial (G3) and laterals (G4, 5) from cladial hydrothecae, single (G6) and paired (G7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. Female (H, I, P) and male (J, K, Q) gonothecae. Cnidomes (L, R). Specimens MHNG-INVE-98635 (A, C, G7), MHNG-INVE-97952 (B, F, G4, 6, L), MHNG-INVE-98633 (D, E, G1-3, 5, 8, 9, H-K), HRG-1339 (M, P), HRG-0897 (O), HRG-0337 (Q, R). Figure in N is reproduced after Galea (2008). Scale bars: 10 μm (L, R), 100 μm (C-G, N, O), 200 μm (H-K, P, Q), 300 μm (A, B, M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590676/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">5</figureCitation>
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
), not always reaching the hydrothecal rim (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[210,376,607,630]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,186,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[152,1426,257,1603]" captionTargetId="figure-5@12.[151,1436,238,1605]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Halopteris vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Indian Ocean (A-K) and the Caribbean (M-R). Portions of stems with cladia (A, B, M). Cauline internode (C). Portion of cladium, enlarged (D). Hydrothecate internodes in frontal (E, N) and lateral (F, O) aspects. Nematothecae (G): from caulus (G1) and cladia (G2), mesial (G3) and laterals (G4, 5) from cladial hydrothecae, single (G6) and paired (G7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. Female (H, I, P) and male (J, K, Q) gonothecae. Cnidomes (L, R). Specimens MHNG-INVE-98635 (A, C, G7), MHNG-INVE-97952 (B, F, G4, 6, L), MHNG-INVE-98633 (D, E, G1-3, 5, 8, 9, H-K), HRG-1339 (M, P), HRG-0897 (O), HRG-0337 (Q, R). Figure in N is reproduced after Galea (2008). Scale bars: 10 μm (L, R), 100 μm (C-G, N, O), 200 μm (H-K, P, Q), 300 μm (A, B, M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590676/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Fig. 5D, F, O</figureCitation>
|
||
); basal chamber narrow, tubular, rather tall; upper chamber shallow, wide, margin either lowered or sigmoid on adaxial side; cauline (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[654,739,670,693]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,186,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[152,1426,257,1603]" captionTargetId="figure-5@12.[151,1436,238,1605]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Halopteris vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Indian Ocean (A-K) and the Caribbean (M-R). Portions of stems with cladia (A, B, M). Cauline internode (C). Portion of cladium, enlarged (D). Hydrothecate internodes in frontal (E, N) and lateral (F, O) aspects. Nematothecae (G): from caulus (G1) and cladia (G2), mesial (G3) and laterals (G4, 5) from cladial hydrothecae, single (G6) and paired (G7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. Female (H, I, P) and male (J, K, Q) gonothecae. Cnidomes (L, R). Specimens MHNG-INVE-98635 (A, C, G7), MHNG-INVE-97952 (B, F, G4, 6, L), MHNG-INVE-98633 (D, E, G1-3, 5, 8, 9, H-K), HRG-1339 (M, P), HRG-0897 (O), HRG-0337 (Q, R). Figure in N is reproduced after Galea (2008). Scale bars: 10 μm (L, R), 100 μm (C-G, N, O), 200 μm (H-K, P, Q), 300 μm (A, B, M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590676/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation box="[739,747,669,683]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1838,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,265,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-6@4.[151,1436,257,1799]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Living colonies of Halopteris spp. showing their natural coloration. (A) H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913) from Bunaken, in situ (photo CGDC). (B, C) H. sibogae (Billard, 1913) from Bali, in situ. (D) H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM & SM). (E) H. australis sp. nov. from New Caledonia, in situ. (F) H. millardae sp. nov. from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM & SM). Photos courtesy: N. & J-M. Bertot (B, C), E. Tardy (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590662/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[739,747,669,683]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">1</superScript>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) and cladial (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[293,380,702,725]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,186,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[152,1426,257,1603]" captionTargetId="figure-5@12.[151,1436,238,1605]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Halopteris vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Indian Ocean (A-K) and the Caribbean (M-R). Portions of stems with cladia (A, B, M). Cauline internode (C). Portion of cladium, enlarged (D). Hydrothecate internodes in frontal (E, N) and lateral (F, O) aspects. Nematothecae (G): from caulus (G1) and cladia (G2), mesial (G3) and laterals (G4, 5) from cladial hydrothecae, single (G6) and paired (G7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. Female (H, I, P) and male (J, K, Q) gonothecae. Cnidomes (L, R). Specimens MHNG-INVE-98635 (A, C, G7), MHNG-INVE-97952 (B, F, G4, 6, L), MHNG-INVE-98633 (D, E, G1-3, 5, 8, 9, H-K), HRG-1339 (M, P), HRG-0897 (O), HRG-0337 (Q, R). Figure in N is reproduced after Galea (2008). Scale bars: 10 μm (L, R), 100 μm (C-G, N, O), 200 μm (H-K, P, Q), 300 μm (A, B, M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590676/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation box="[381,389,700,714]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,927,948]" captionTargetBox="[180,1374,260,911]" captionTargetId="figure-313@5.[151,1402,254,925]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Preserved cormoids of Halopteris spp. showing differences in their appearance. (A): H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913), MHNG- INVE-97937. (B): H. sibogae (Billard, 1913), MHNG-INVE-97938. (C-E): H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from Bali (MHNG- INVE-97952), Toliara (MHNG-INVE-98633) and Martinique (HRG-0897), respectively. (F): H. australis sp. nov. (MHNG- INVE-82742). (G): H. millardae sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-98634. (H): H. brasiliensis sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-37495, slide H12/37. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590664/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<superScript attach="right" box="[381,389,700,714]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">2</superScript>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) nematothecae, other than those associated to the hydrothecae, as well as those borne by the gonothecae (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[390,482,765,788]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,186,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[152,1426,257,1603]" captionTargetId="figure-5@12.[151,1436,238,1605]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Halopteris vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Indian Ocean (A-K) and the Caribbean (M-R). Portions of stems with cladia (A, B, M). Cauline internode (C). Portion of cladium, enlarged (D). Hydrothecate internodes in frontal (E, N) and lateral (F, O) aspects. Nematothecae (G): from caulus (G1) and cladia (G2), mesial (G3) and laterals (G4, 5) from cladial hydrothecae, single (G6) and paired (G7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. Female (H, I, P) and male (J, K, Q) gonothecae. Cnidomes (L, R). Specimens MHNG-INVE-98635 (A, C, G7), MHNG-INVE-97952 (B, F, G4, 6, L), MHNG-INVE-98633 (D, E, G1-3, 5, 8, 9, H-K), HRG-1339 (M, P), HRG-0897 (O), HRG-0337 (Q, R). Figure in N is reproduced after Galea (2008). Scale bars: 10 μm (L, R), 100 μm (C-G, N, O), 200 μm (H-K, P, Q), 300 μm (A, B, M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590676/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
|
||
<superScript attach="right" box="[483,512,764,778]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<figureCitation box="[483,492,764,778]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[151,186,806,827]" captionTargetBox="[157,1424,259,774]" captionTargetId="figure-506@20.[151,1436,257,774]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 8. Halopteris brasiliensis sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia in lateral (C) and frontal (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E2, 3), mesial from cauline hydrotheca (E4), lateral from cladial hydrotheca (E5), from female gonotheca (E6), pair of axillar from cauline hydrotheca (E7) and single axillar from cladial hydrotheca (E8). All from sample MHNG-INVE-37495. Scale bars: 100 μm (B- E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590682" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590682/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">8</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[504,512,764,778]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="30.[151,183,1941,1962]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,939,1919]" captionTargetId="graphics-311@30.[151,1436,881,1926]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig 9. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of Halopterididae species obtained with RAxML (GTR + G + I model) based on 547 bp positions (after Gblock treatment) of the mitochondrial 16S gene. Node-support values are bootstrap values of 100 pseudoreplicates (shown only if> 70%). For more details, see text and Appendix 2. Highlighted in yellow boxes are species discussed in the text, boxed in grey are other species clades with more than one sample, which permit to assess the intraspecific divergences observed in this family." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590684" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590684/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">9</figureCitation>
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
), long conical, with tall basal chamber and comparatively shallow upper chamber, with rim slightly lowered adaxially; axillar nematothecae (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[318,406,860,883]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,186,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[152,1426,257,1603]" captionTargetId="figure-5@12.[151,1436,238,1605]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Halopteris vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Indian Ocean (A-K) and the Caribbean (M-R). Portions of stems with cladia (A, B, M). Cauline internode (C). Portion of cladium, enlarged (D). Hydrothecate internodes in frontal (E, N) and lateral (F, O) aspects. Nematothecae (G): from caulus (G1) and cladia (G2), mesial (G3) and laterals (G4, 5) from cladial hydrothecae, single (G6) and paired (G7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. Female (H, I, P) and male (J, K, Q) gonothecae. Cnidomes (L, R). Specimens MHNG-INVE-98635 (A, C, G7), MHNG-INVE-97952 (B, F, G4, 6, L), MHNG-INVE-98633 (D, E, G1-3, 5, 8, 9, H-K), HRG-1339 (M, P), HRG-0897 (O), HRG-0337 (Q, R). Figure in N is reproduced after Galea (2008). Scale bars: 10 μm (L, R), 100 μm (C-G, N, O), 200 μm (H-K, P, Q), 300 μm (A, B, M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590676/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[406,433,859,873]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<figureCitation box="[406,415,859,873]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetId="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[425,433,859,873]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,253,959]" captionTargetId="figure-411@18.[151,1436,251,960]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Halopteris millardae sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1, 2) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E3, 4), mesial (E5, 6) and lateral (E7) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E8) and cladial (E9) hydrothecae.All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">7</figureCitation>
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
) with much thinner perisarc than their exposed counterparts, short, with chambers of nearly the same depth, wall of upper chamber facing adaxial hydrothecal wall distinctly lowered. Cnidome (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[159,295,987,1010]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,186,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[152,1426,257,1603]" captionTargetId="figure-5@12.[151,1436,238,1605]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Halopteris vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Indian Ocean (A-K) and the Caribbean (M-R). Portions of stems with cladia (A, B, M). Cauline internode (C). Portion of cladium, enlarged (D). Hydrothecate internodes in frontal (E, N) and lateral (F, O) aspects. Nematothecae (G): from caulus (G1) and cladia (G2), mesial (G3) and laterals (G4, 5) from cladial hydrothecae, single (G6) and paired (G7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. Female (H, I, P) and male (J, K, Q) gonothecae. Cnidomes (L, R). Specimens MHNG-INVE-98635 (A, C, G7), MHNG-INVE-97952 (B, F, G4, 6, L), MHNG-INVE-98633 (D, E, G1-3, 5, 8, 9, H-K), HRG-1339 (M, P), HRG-0897 (O), HRG-0337 (Q, R). Figure in N is reproduced after Galea (2008). Scale bars: 10 μm (L, R), 100 μm (C-G, N, O), 200 μm (H-K, P, Q), 300 μm (A, B, M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590676/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Fig. 5L, R</figureCitation>
|
||
) composed of
|
||
<specimenCount box="[490,578,987,1010]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" type="generic" typeStatus="types">3 types</specimenCount>
|
||
of microbasic mastigophores: large, elongated-ovoid [(16.8-18.2) × (6.5-6.8) μm, in nematophores, as well as scattered in the coenosarc]; small, banana-shaped [(5.6-5.8) × (1.9- 2.1) μm, in tentacles]; small, ovoid capsules [(4.5-4.9) × (2.8-2.9) μm, scattered in the coenosarc]. Color in life from pale yellow to brownish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,756,1224,2077]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,265,1224,1247]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
The segmentation of cauli is generally homomerous, although the insertion of transverse node towards their distal parts introduces a heteromerous segmentation. The cladia are generally divided heteromerously, though an occasional absence of transverse nodes could be noted in material MHNG- INVE-98635, this not supposing a homomerous segmentation throughout the involved cladium. The cauline hydrothecae generally display a pair of axillar nematothecae, though only one, placed medially, may occasionally occur in distalmost hydrothecae. In contrast, generally a single axillar nematotheca is associated to each cladial hydrotheca though, exceptionally, a couple may occur. The stems internodes bear generally 1, occasionally 2, median superior nematothecae (
|
||
<emphasis box="[417,442,1700,1723]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 95% and 5%, respectively, n=150); these are arranged in a single row in ordinary internodes, while they are shifted laterally and occur at the same level in the basalmost internodes giving rise to pairs of cladia. The first cladial internodes bear generally but a single nematotheca; rarely, two nematothecae were observed in some cormoids from MHNG-INVE-98635. The material MHNG-INVE-9833 comprises monoecious stems, while only female gonothecae seem to occur in former.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,756,1224,2077]" lastBlockId="14.[831,1437,258,2077]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
|
||
The trophosomes of the present materials from the Indian Ocean were compared with those of specimens from the Lesser Antilles, and all appear indistinguishable, both morphologically and morphometrically (compare
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,186,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[152,1426,257,1603]" captionTargetId="figure-5@12.[151,1436,238,1605]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Halopteris vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Indian Ocean (A-K) and the Caribbean (M-R). Portions of stems with cladia (A, B, M). Cauline internode (C). Portion of cladium, enlarged (D). Hydrothecate internodes in frontal (E, N) and lateral (F, O) aspects. Nematothecae (G): from caulus (G1) and cladia (G2), mesial (G3) and laterals (G4, 5) from cladial hydrothecae, single (G6) and paired (G7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. Female (H, I, P) and male (J, K, Q) gonothecae. Cnidomes (L, R). Specimens MHNG-INVE-98635 (A, C, G7), MHNG-INVE-97952 (B, F, G4, 6, L), MHNG-INVE-98633 (D, E, G1-3, 5, 8, 9, H-K), HRG-1339 (M, P), HRG-0897 (O), HRG-0337 (Q, R). Figure in N is reproduced after Galea (2008). Scale bars: 10 μm (L, R), 100 μm (C-G, N, O), 200 μm (H-K, P, Q), 300 μm (A, B, M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590676/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Fig. 5A, B, D and 5M, O</figureCitation>
|
||
). In addition, the as yet unknown female gonothecae of the Caribbean population, were found only recently (sample HRG-1339), and do not differ from those of the Indian Ocean counterparts (compare
|
||
<figureCitation box="[942,1162,451,474]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,186,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[152,1426,257,1603]" captionTargetId="figure-5@12.[151,1436,238,1605]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Halopteris vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Indian Ocean (A-K) and the Caribbean (M-R). Portions of stems with cladia (A, B, M). Cauline internode (C). Portion of cladium, enlarged (D). Hydrothecate internodes in frontal (E, N) and lateral (F, O) aspects. Nematothecae (G): from caulus (G1) and cladia (G2), mesial (G3) and laterals (G4, 5) from cladial hydrothecae, single (G6) and paired (G7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. Female (H, I, P) and male (J, K, Q) gonothecae. Cnidomes (L, R). Specimens MHNG-INVE-98635 (A, C, G7), MHNG-INVE-97952 (B, F, G4, 6, L), MHNG-INVE-98633 (D, E, G1-3, 5, 8, 9, H-K), HRG-1339 (M, P), HRG-0897 (O), HRG-0337 (Q, R). Figure in N is reproduced after Galea (2008). Scale bars: 10 μm (L, R), 100 μm (C-G, N, O), 200 μm (H-K, P, Q), 300 μm (A, B, M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590676/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Fig. 5P and 5H & I</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1176,1260,451,474]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="25.[148,201,545,566]" captionTargetBox="[159,1915,612,1816]" captionText="Table 3. Comparative measurements (in μm) and main morphological features of H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from various localities. Ho stands for homomerous and He for heteromerous." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF726630FF9A2C02FF7E8E65F83C6A16" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" tableUuid="DF726630FF9A2C02FF7E8E65F83C6A16">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). Moreover, the molecular study supports the conclusions based on the morphological observations (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1143,1209,515,538]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="30.[151,183,1941,1962]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,939,1919]" captionTargetId="graphics-311@30.[151,1436,881,1926]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig 9. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of Halopterididae species obtained with RAxML (GTR + G + I model) based on 547 bp positions (after Gblock treatment) of the mitochondrial 16S gene. Node-support values are bootstrap values of 100 pseudoreplicates (shown only if> 70%). For more details, see text and Appendix 2. Highlighted in yellow boxes are species discussed in the text, boxed in grey are other species clades with more than one sample, which permit to assess the intraspecific divergences observed in this family." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590684" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590684/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[831,1437,258,2077]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
|
||
Several literature records of hydroids conform, through the segmentation of both the stem and cladia, and the number and position of the nematothecae they carry, to the morphology of the present species. However, minor discrepancies could be occasionally noted, although they are thought to reflect rather overlooked details. Thus,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vervoort W." box="[906,1103,740,763]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" pagination="18 - 54" refId="ref29377" refString="Vervoort W. 1967. The Hydroida and Chondrophora of the Israel South Red Sea Expedition, 1962. Israel South Red Sea Expedition, 1962 25: 18 - 54." type="journal article" year="1967">Vervoort’s (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
material from the Red Sea, obviously erroneously assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Gmelin, 1791)" authorityName="Vervoort" authorityYear="1967" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1791" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Capnodiaceae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Capnodiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="secundaria">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1197,1437,772,795]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Antennella secundaria</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gmelin J. F." box="[839,991,804,827]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" pagination="3021 - 3910" refId="ref27139" refString="Gmelin J. F. 1791. Vermes (pp. 3021 - 3910). In: Delamolliere J. B. (ed). Caroli a Linne Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species; cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Edition decima tertia, aucta reformata. Tom. I, Pars VI. Lugduni, XII + 4120 pp." type="book chapter" year="1791">Gmelin, 1791</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is reportedly said to carry single axillar nematothecae behind the cauline hydrothecae, a situation – indeed – met with only distally in the stems of the present species. Moreover, it should be stated that one nematotheca belonging to a pair, namely that given off on the same side as the corresponding cladium, may be difficult to notice as it is hidden (in frontal view) by the apophysis supporting the lateral nematotheca originating on the same side (see
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1076,1159,1062,1085]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,186,1664,1685]" captionTargetBox="[152,1426,257,1603]" captionTargetId="figure-5@12.[151,1436,238,1605]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Halopteris vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Indian Ocean (A-K) and the Caribbean (M-R). Portions of stems with cladia (A, B, M). Cauline internode (C). Portion of cladium, enlarged (D). Hydrothecate internodes in frontal (E, N) and lateral (F, O) aspects. Nematothecae (G): from caulus (G1) and cladia (G2), mesial (G3) and laterals (G4, 5) from cladial hydrothecae, single (G6) and paired (G7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. Female (H, I, P) and male (J, K, Q) gonothecae. Cnidomes (L, R). Specimens MHNG-INVE-98635 (A, C, G7), MHNG-INVE-97952 (B, F, G4, 6, L), MHNG-INVE-98633 (D, E, G1-3, 5, 8, 9, H-K), HRG-1339 (M, P), HRG-0897 (O), HRG-0337 (Q, R). Figure in N is reproduced after Galea (2008). Scale bars: 10 μm (L, R), 100 μm (C-G, N, O), 200 μm (H-K, P, Q), 300 μm (A, B, M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590676/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||
– lateral nematotheca on same side as the cladium expressly shown).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[831,1437,258,2077]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
|
||
The “second pair of lateral nematothecae […] mesial to and much smaller than normal pair”, observed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ryland J. S. & Gibbons M. J." pageId="14" pageNumber="35" pagination="525 - 560" refId="ref28906" refString="Ryland J. S., Gibbons M. J. 1991. Intertidal and shallow water hydroids from Fiji. II. Plumulariidae and Aglaopheniidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 30 (3): 525 - 560." type="journal article" year="1991">Ryland & Gibbons (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in their Fijian specimens assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bale" authorityYear="1884" box="[862,962,1222,1245]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="buskii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[862,962,1222,1245]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">H. buskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is nothing else than the couple of cauline axillar nematothecae. Similarly so, besides the commonly seen single cladial axillar nematothecae, “two mediosuperior nematothecae are often present behind the free adcauline wall of the hydrotheca”. These, combined to the heteromerous segmentation of cladia, the shape and size of both hydro-and lateral nematothecae, and the morphology of the female gonotheca, suggest that their specimens are, most probably, conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" box="[831,962,1512,1535]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
|
||
<emphasis box="[831,962,1512,1535]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">H. vervoorti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[831,1437,258,2077]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
|
||
The Japanese materials assigned to both
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1305,1436,1544,1567]" class="Monothalamea" family="Lagynidae" genus="Heterotheca" kingdom="Chromista" order="Allogromiida" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1305,1436,1544,1567]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Heterotheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[883,1067,1576,1599]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="buski">
|
||
<emphasis box="[883,1067,1576,1599]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Halopteris buski</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis box="[1089,1128,1576,1599]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">sic!</emphasis>
|
||
) by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hirohito & Emperor of Japan" box="[1190,1359,1576,1599]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" refId="ref27288" refString="Hirohito, Emperor of Japan. 1974. Some hydrozoans of the Bonin Islands. Publications of the Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo, 55 pp." type="book" year="1974">Hirohito (1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hirohito & Emperor of Japan" box="[1376,1432,1576,1599]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" refId="ref27346" refString="Hirohito, Emperor of Japan. 1995. The hydroids of Sagami Bay. II. Thecata. Publications of the Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo, 244 pp (English text)." type="book" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, respectively) are morphologically close to the present species, as their cauli and cladia display the same segmentation, the same number and position of nematothecae, and the monoecious condition of their cormoids. However, a pending genetic study is expected to clarify their relationships undoubtedly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[831,1437,258,2077]" lastBlockId="15.[151,757,258,1304]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
|
||
The presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" box="[1014,1146,1801,1824]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1014,1146,1801,1824]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">H. vervoorti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, originally described from the Caribbean (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Galea H. R." box="[998,1133,1832,1855]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref26877" refString="Galea H. R. 2008. On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa 1878: 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="2008">Galea, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), in the Indian Ocean is not entirely surprising. The reverse situation is, indeed, more common at present, with many examples of hydroids, primarily known to occur in the Indo-Pacific that were subsequently recorded from the Caribbean,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1287,1317,1959,1982]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">viz</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Thornely, 1904" authorityName="Thornely" authorityYear="1904" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rugosissima">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Sertularia rugosissima</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Thornely L. R." box="[969,1133,1990,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" pagination="107 - 126" refId="ref29149" refString="Thornely L. R. 1904. Report on the Hydroida collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. Ceylon Pearl Oyster Fisheries, Supplemental Report 8: 107 - 126." type="book chapter" year="1904">Thornely, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Galea H. R." box="[1150,1286,1990,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref26877" refString="Galea H. R. 2008. On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa 1878: 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="2008">Galea, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Stechow, 1919) (Galea, 2010)" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2010" baseAuthorityName="Stechow" baseAuthorityYear="1919" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tongensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1307,1436,1990,2013]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">S. tongensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stechow E." box="[839,1000,2022,2045]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 172" refId="ref29049" refString="Stechow E. 1919. Zur Kenntnis des Hydroidenfauna des Mittelmeeres, Amerikas und anderer Gebiete, nebst Angaben uber einige Kirchenpauer'sche Typen von Plumulariden. Zoologische Jahrbucher 42 (1): 1 - 172." type="journal article" year="1919">Stechow, 1919</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Galea H. R." box="[1023,1158,2022,2045]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref26912" refString="Galea H. R. 2010. Additional shallow-water thecate hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa 2570: 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="2010">Galea, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Leloup, 1940" authorityName="Leloup" authorityYear="1940" box="[1177,1436,2022,2045]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hattorii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1177,1285,2022,2045]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">S. hattorii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Leloup E." box="[1293,1436,2022,2045]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref27647" refString="Leloup E. 1940. Quelques hydropolypes de la baie de Sagami, Japon. (2 e note). Bulletin du Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 16 (19): 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1940">Leloup, 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Galea H. R. & Ferry R." box="[839,1063,2054,2077]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" pagination="213 - 246" refId="ref26981" refString="Galea H. R., Ferry R. 2015. Notes on some hydroids (Cnidaria) from Martinique, with descriptions of five new species. Revue suisse de Zoologie 122 (2): 213 - 246." type="journal article" year="2015">Galea & Ferry, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Billard, 1913" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1913" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="36" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="postdentata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1081,1348,2054,2077]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Aglaophenia postdentata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Galea H. R." box="[226,367,258,281]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref26945" refString="Galea H. R. 2013. New additions to the shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the French Lesser Antilles: Martinique. Zootaxa 3686 (1): 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="2013">Galea, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Gibbons & Ryland, 1989" authorityName="Gibbons & Ryland" authorityYear="1989" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="edentula">
|
||
<emphasis box="[446,617,258,281]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Clytia edentula</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gibbons M. J. & Ryland J. S." pageId="15" pageNumber="36" pagination="377 - 432" refId="ref27098" refString="Gibbons M. J., Ryland J. S. 1989. Intertidal and shallow water hydroids from Fiji. I. Athecata to Sertulariidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 27 (2): 377 - 432." type="journal article" year="1989">Gibbons & Ryland, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Galea H. R. & Ferry R." box="[323,571,290,313]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" pagination="213 - 246" refId="ref26981" refString="Galea H. R., Ferry R. 2015. Notes on some hydroids (Cnidaria) from Martinique, with descriptions of five new species. Revue suisse de Zoologie 122 (2): 213 - 246." type="journal article" year="2015">Galea & Ferry, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Whether these species primarily occurred in one geographical area and spread afterwards elsewhere, could not be established at this stage, but it is obvious that only the frequency of the collecting efforts first revealed their presence in one area but not in the other.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,757,258,1304]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" box="[151,382,482,505]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,382,482,505]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Halopteris vervoorti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comes close to a number of nominal species through the occurrence of paired axillar nematothecae behind the cauline hydrothecae and the heteromerous segmentation of its cladia,
|
||
<emphasis box="[588,618,578,601]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">viz</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Galea & Gioia Di Camillo & Maggioni & Montano & Schuchert, 2018" authorityName="Galea & Gioia Di Camillo & Maggioni & Montano & Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[630,756,578,601]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="australis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[630,756,578,601]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">H. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[151,241,609,632]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(see below),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Galea & Gioia Di Camillo & Maggioni & Montano & Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[404,566,609,632]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[404,566,609,632]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">H. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below),
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Marktanner-Turneretscher" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="liechtensternii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">H. liechtensternii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Marktanner-Turneretscher G." box="[327,689,641,664]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" pagination="195 - 286" refId="ref27685" refString="Marktanner-Turneretscher G. 1890. Die Hydroiden des k. k. naturhistorischen Hofmuseums. Annalen des k. k. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums 5: 195 - 286." type="journal article" year="1890">Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Billard, 1913)" authorityName="Present" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,433,673,696]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="sibogae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,266,673,696]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">H. sibogae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." box="[279,424,673,696]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Galea & Gioia Di Camillo & Maggioni & Montano & Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[624,749,673,696]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[624,749,673,696]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">H. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it does not possess hydrothecae with distinctly sinuated margins or exceedingly-long lateral nematothecae, respectively. On the other hand,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Galea & Gioia Di Camillo & Maggioni & Montano & Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[484,637,769,792]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[484,637,769,792]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">H. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a species forming taller cormoids, with thicker stems and cladia, broader hydrothecae, and cauline superior nematothecae distinctly arranged into two longitudinal rows; unlike in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" box="[151,284,897,920]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,284,897,920]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">H. vervoorti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, its cauline hydrothecae occupy nearly the whole length of the internode.
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Marktanner-Turneretscher" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[482,756,929,952]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="liechtensternii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[482,756,929,952]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Halopteris liechtensternii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a species with comparatively longer stem internodes (and, implicitly, more widely-spaced cladia), provided regularly with 2-3 superior nematothecae arranged in two distinct rows, its female gonothecae are much longer and almost cylindrical, while its males appear dwarfed compared to those of the present species.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Present" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="sibogae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Halopteris sibogae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, besides many common features shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" box="[151,290,1185,1208]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,290,1185,1208]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">H. vervoorti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see under the former), is immediately distinguishable through its exceedingly long lateral nematothecae. Additional differences to other congeners are summarized in Appendix 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="36" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,756,1328,1606]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,303,1328,1351]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Lesser Antilles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Galea H. R." box="[524,672,1328,1351]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref26877" refString="Galea H. R. 2008. On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa 1878: 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="2008">Galea, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Galea H. R." box="[695,752,1328,1351]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref26912" refString="Galea H. R. 2010. Additional shallow-water thecate hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa 2570: 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="2010">2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Galea H. R." box="[151,209,1360,1383]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref26945" refString="Galea H. R. 2013. New additions to the shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the French Lesser Antilles: Martinique. Zootaxa 3686 (1): 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[241,378,1360,1383]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ansin Agis J. & Ramil F. & Vervoort W." box="[405,710,1360,1383]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 268" refId="ref26086" refString="Ansin Agis J., Ramil F., Vervoort W. 2001. Atlantic Leptolida (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the families Aglaopheniidae, Halopterididae, Kirchenpaueriidae and Plumulariidae collected during the CANCAP and Mauritania-II expeditions of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, the Netherlands. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 333: 1 - 268." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Ansín Agís
|
||
<emphasis box="[560,620,1360,1383]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Billard, 1913 Billard" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,326,1392,1415]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,326,1392,1415]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">H. polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), (?) Red Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vervoort W." box="[533,711,1392,1415]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" pagination="18 - 54" refId="ref29377" refString="Vervoort W. 1967. The Hydroida and Chondrophora of the Israel South Red Sea Expedition, 1962. Israel South Red Sea Expedition, 1962 25: 18 - 54." type="journal article" year="1967">Vervoort, 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Vervoort" authorityYear="1967" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[151,408,1424,1447]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Capnodiaceae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Capnodiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="secundaria">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,408,1424,1447]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Antennella secundaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[442,575,1424,1447]" name="Madagascar" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[648,751,1424,1447]" name="Maldives" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Maldives</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[151,255,1456,1479]" name="Indonesia" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(present study), (?)
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[470,568,1456,1479]" name="Australia" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Preker M. & Lawn I. D." pageId="15" pageNumber="36" pagination="109 - 149" refId="ref28463" refString="Preker M., Lawn I. D. 2010. Hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Leptolida) from Moreton Bay, Queensland, and adjacent regions: a preliminary survey. In: Davie P. J. F. & Philips J. A. (eds). Proceedings of the Thirteen International Marine Biological Workshop, The Marine Fauna and Flora of Moreton Bay, Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, Nature 54 (3): 109 - 149." type="journal article" year="2010">Preker & Lawn, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Billard, 1913 Billard" authorityYear="1913" box="[249,412,1488,1511]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis box="[249,412,1488,1511]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">H. polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), (?)
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[472,533,1488,1511]" name="Japan" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
[
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hirohito & Emperor of Japan" box="[547,722,1488,1511]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" refId="ref27288" refString="Hirohito, Emperor of Japan. 1974. Some hydrozoans of the Bonin Islands. Publications of the Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo, 55 pp." type="book" year="1974">Hirohito (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,346,1519,1542]" class="Monothalamea" family="Lagynidae" genus="Heterotheca" kingdom="Chromista" order="Allogromiida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="buski">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,346,1519,1542]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Heterotheca buski</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis box="[364,394,1519,1542]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">sic</emphasis>
|
||
!);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hirohito & Emperor of Japan" box="[427,599,1519,1542]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" refId="ref27346" refString="Hirohito, Emperor of Japan. 1995. The hydroids of Sagami Bay. II. Thecata. Publications of the Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo, 244 pp (English text)." type="book" year="1995">Hirohito (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="buski">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Halopteris buski</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis box="[232,262,1551,1574]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">sic</emphasis>
|
||
!)], (?)
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[356,394,1551,1574]" name="Fiji" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ryland J. S. & Gibbons M. J." box="[416,714,1551,1574]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" pagination="525 - 560" refId="ref28906" refString="Ryland J. S., Gibbons M. J. 1991. Intertidal and shallow water hydroids from Fiji. II. Plumulariidae and Aglaopheniidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 30 (3): 525 - 560." type="journal article" year="1991">Ryland & Gibbons, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[151,336,1583,1606]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="buskii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,336,1583,1606]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Halopteris buskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |