1423 lines
192 KiB
XML
1423 lines
192 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.1196007" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9f6a1d45-f725-42d1-a64c-b6ffaaae23d7" ID-ISSN="0035-418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1196007" checkinTime="1634783218614" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Galea, Horia R., Gioia Di Camillo, Cristina, Maggioni, Davide, Montano, Simone & Schuchert, Peter" docDate="2018" docId="03A487AEFF812C12FC738874FDE66C08" docLanguage="en" docName="3_Galea_etal.pdf" docOrigin="Revue suisse de Zoologie 125 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:225056F0A23C51DDC06AC27EAEA15D5B.2:RevSuisseZool.2015-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="225056F0A23C51DDC06AC27EAEA15D5B" docStyleName="RevSuisseZool.2015-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Halopteris polymorpha" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="FF9DFFD6FF832C1BFFEA8C44FFB06820" masterDocTitle="A reassessment of Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913) (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), with descriptions of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="59" masterPageNumber="21" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1673543001549" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A reassessment of Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913) (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), with descriptions of three new species</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Galea, Horia R.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Hydrozoan Research Laboratory, 405 Chemin des Gatiers, F- 83170 Tourves, France</mods:affiliation>
|
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">horia.galea@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Gioia Di Camillo, Cristina</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, I- 60121 Ancona, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Maggioni, Davide</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Marine Research and High Education (MaRHE) Center, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 12030 Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll, Maldives</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Montano, Simone</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Marine Research and High Education (MaRHE) Center, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 12030 Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll, Maldives</mods:affiliation>
|
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||
</mods:role>
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||
<mods:namePart>Schuchert, Peter</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Muséum d’histoire naturelle, C. P. 6434, CH- 1211 Genève 6, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Revue suisse de Zoologie</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2018-03-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>125</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<mods:start>21</mods:start>
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<mods:end>59</mods:end>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.1196007</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="189153149" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487AEFF812C12FC738874FDE66C08" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A487AEFF812C12FC738874FDE66C08" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
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<subSubSection box="[921,1347,1072,1096]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[898,1370,1072,1128]" box="[921,1347,1072,1096]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[921,1347,1072,1096]" centered="true" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" reason="2">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Billard, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[921,1347,1072,1096]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[921,1347,1072,1096]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[921,1176,1072,1096]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Halopteris polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." box="[1189,1339,1073,1096]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[898,1370,1105,1128]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[898,1370,1072,1128]" box="[898,1370,1105,1128]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<figureCitation box="[898,984,1105,1128]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1838,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,265,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-6@4.[151,1436,257,1799]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Living colonies of Halopteris spp. showing their natural coloration. (A) H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913) from Bunaken, in situ (photo CGDC). (B, C) H. sibogae (Billard, 1913) from Bali, in situ. (D) H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM & SM). (E) H. australis sp. nov. from New Caledonia, in situ. (F) H. millardae sp. nov. from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM & SM). Photos courtesy: N. & J-M. Bertot (B, C), E. Tardy (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590662/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[996,1031,1105,1128]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,927,948]" captionTargetBox="[180,1374,260,911]" captionTargetId="figure-313@5.[151,1402,254,925]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Preserved cormoids of Halopteris spp. showing differences in their appearance. (A): H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913), MHNG- INVE-97937. (B): H. sibogae (Billard, 1913), MHNG-INVE-97938. (C-E): H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from Bali (MHNG- INVE-97952), Toliara (MHNG-INVE-98633) and Martinique (HRG-0897), respectively. (F): H. australis sp. nov. (MHNG- INVE-82742). (G): H. millardae sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-98634. (H): H. brasiliensis sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-37495, slide H12/37. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590664/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1042,1054,1105,1128]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,1848,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1436,255,2005]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. (A-K) Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913). Portions of stems (A, B) and proximal part of a cladium (C). Stem (D) and cladial (E, F) hydrothecae, the latter in frontal and lateral views, respectively. Nematothecae (G) cauline (G1), cladial (G2), mesial from cauline (G3) and cladial (G4) hydrothecae, laterals from cladial hydrothecae (G5-9), axillar from caulus (G10) and cladium (G11), and associated to the female gonotheca (G12, 13). Female (H, I) and male (J) gonothecae. Cnidome (K). (L-O) Halopteris sp. from Siboga Stn. 299, belonging to the syntype series of Plumularia polymorpha Billard, 1913. Cauline internode (L). Portion of a cladium (M), and the same much enlarged in frontal (N) and lateral (O) views. Specimens CDC004 (A, C, F), MHNG-INVE-97937 (B, D, E, G1-7, 10, 11, H, K), HRG-0421 (G8. 9, 12, 13, I, J), H.L. 1309 (L-O). Scale bars: 10 μm (K), 100 μm (D-G, L, N, O), 200 μm (H-J), 300 μm (A-C, M). ►" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590670/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">3</figureCitation>
|
||
A-K;
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1116,1205,1105,1128]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="21.[148,201,538,559]" captionTargetBox="[148,1922,658,1790]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Table 1. Comparative morphological and morphometrical features of H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913) (present study and syntype materials from Siboga Stn. 80 and 299) and H. sibogae (Billard, 1913) (Ho stands for homomerous, and He for heteromerous)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF726630FF962C0EFF7E8E5EFC2E6A6C" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" tableUuid="DF726630FF962C0EFF7E8E5EFC2E6A6C">Tables 1</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1219,1235,1105,1128]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="22.[148,201,1344,1365]" captionTargetBox="[159,1904,1440,1755]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Table 2. Literature records included earlier in the synonymy of Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913), but deviating from the present concept of this species (H. stands for Halopteris). N.B.: Italics are used to emphasize the distinguishing characters." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF726630FF952C0DFF7E8904FCD16D52" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" tableUuid="DF726630FF952C0DFF7E8904FCD16D52">2</tableCitation>
|
||
; Appendix 1
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[831,1437,1151,2064]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Billard, 1913" authorityName="Billard, 1913 Billard" authorityYear="1913" box="[831,1193,1151,1172]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis box="[831,1062,1151,1172]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Plumularia polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." box="[1067,1193,1151,1172]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis box="[1206,1295,1151,1172]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">pro parte</emphasis>
|
||
): 24, figs 14A, 15. –
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Van Soest R. W. M." box="[961,1156,1179,1200]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" pagination="79 - 95" refId="ref29284" refString="Van Soest R. W. M. 1976. A catalogue of the Coelenterate type specimens of the Zoological Museum of Amsterdam. II. Benthic Hydrozoa. Beaufortia 25 (323): 79 - 95." type="journal article" year="1976">Van Soest, 1976: 89</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[831,1437,1151,2064]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
|
||
non
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Billard, 1913" authorityName="Billard, 1913 Billard" authorityYear="1913" box="[874,1241,1208,1229]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis box="[874,1107,1208,1229]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Plumularia polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." box="[1114,1241,1208,1229]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis box="[1256,1347,1208,1229]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">pro parte</emphasis>
|
||
): 24, fig. 14B, C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[831,1437,1151,2064]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[831,1089,1266,1287]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Thecocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polymorphus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[831,1089,1266,1287]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Thecocarpus polymorphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bedot M." box="[1119,1269,1266,1287]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref26213" refString="Bedot M. 1921. Notes systematiques sur les Plumularides. 2 e partie. Revue suisse de Zoologie 29 (1): 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1921">Bedot, 1921: 9</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. –
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Von Schenck A." box="[1302,1437,1266,1287]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" pagination="855 - 1021" refId="ref29523" refString="Von Schenck A. 1965. Die Kormentektonik der Plumulariiden (Coelenterata, Hydrozoa). Revue suisse de Zoologie 72 (44): 855 - 1021." type="journal article" year="1965">Von Schenck,</bibRefCitation>
|
||
1965: 928.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[831,1437,1151,2064]" box="[831,1279,1323,1344]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[831,1071,1323,1344]" class="Monothalamea" family="Lagynidae" genus="Heterotheca" kingdom="Chromista" order="Allogromiida" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis box="[831,1071,1323,1344]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Heterotheca polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stechow E." box="[1095,1275,1323,1344]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref29086" refString="Stechow E. 1923. Neue Hydroiden der Deutschen Tiefsee- Expedition, nebst Bemerkungen uber einige andre Formen. Zoologischer Anzeiger 56 (1 - 2): 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1923">Stechow, 1923: 15</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[831,1437,1151,2064]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[831,1069,1352,1373]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis box="[831,1069,1352,1373]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Halopteris polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– (?)
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pennycuik P. R." box="[1164,1402,1352,1373]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" pagination="141 - 210" refId="ref28257" refString="Pennycuik P. R. 1959. Marine and brackish water hydroids. In: Faunistic records from Queensland. Part V. University of Queensland Papers, Department of Zoology 1 (6): 141 - 210." type="journal article" year="1959">Pennycuik, 1959: 178</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. –
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schuchert P." box="[907,1062,1381,1402]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis box="[1075,1163,1381,1402]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">pro parte</emphasis>
|
||
): 64, fig. 20A, C-F. –
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ryland J. S. & Gibbons M. J." box="[1368,1436,1381,1402]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" pagination="525 - 560" refId="ref28906" refString="Ryland J. S., Gibbons M. J. 1991. Intertidal and shallow water hydroids from Fiji. II. Plumulariidae and Aglaopheniidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 30 (3): 525 - 560." type="journal article" year="1991">Ryland</bibRefCitation>
|
||
& Gibbons, 1991: 530, fig. 4. –
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Di Camillo C. G. & Bavestrello G. & Valisano L. & Puce S." box="[1210,1437,1410,1431]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" pagination="1589 - 1599" refId="ref26767" refString="Di Camillo C. G., Bavestrello G., Valisano L., Puce S. 2008. Spatial and temporal distribution in a tropical hydroid assemblage. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88 (8): 1589 - 1599." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Di Camillo
|
||
<emphasis box="[1322,1364,1410,1431]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2008:
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
1592.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[831,1437,1151,2064]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
|
||
non
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[876,1104,1467,1488]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis box="[876,1104,1467,1488]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Halopteris polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vervoort W." box="[1133,1333,1467,1488]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" pagination="97 - 174" refId="ref29348" refString="Vervoort W. 1966. Bathyal and abyssal hydroids. Scientific Results of the Danish Deep-Sea Expedition 1950 - 1952. Galathea Report 8: 97 - 174." type="book chapter" year="1966">Vervoort, 1966: 132</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 35. – Millard & Bouillon (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1106,1195,1496,1517]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">pro parte</emphasis>
|
||
), 1973: 83, fig. 10F-H, J; 1974: 9. –
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Millard N. A. H." box="[1012,1195,1525,1546]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 513" refId="ref27821" refString="Millard N. A. H. 1975. Monograph on the Hydroida of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 68: 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard, 1975: 354</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 112G-L; 1977: 107; 1978: 193; 1980: 132. –
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hirohito & Emperor of Japan" box="[1152,1336,1554,1575]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" refId="ref27317" refString="Hirohito, Emperor of Japan. 1983. Hydroids from Izu Oshima and Niijima. Publications of the Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo, 83 pp." type="book" year="1983">Hirohito, 1983: 62</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 31. –
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bouillon J. & Massin C. & Kresevic R." box="[907,1141,1583,1604]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" refId="ref26365" refString="Bouillon J., Massin C., Kresevic R. 1995. Hydroidomedusae de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique. Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen, Brussel, 106 pp." type="book" year="1995">
|
||
Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis box="[996,1037,1583,1604]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1995: 49
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. –
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schuchert P." box="[1166,1321,1583,1604]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis box="[1333,1422,1583,1604]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">pro parte</emphasis>
|
||
): 64, figs 20B, 21-23. –
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Watson J. E." box="[1116,1283,1611,1632]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref29585" refString="Watson J. E. 2000. Hydroids (Hydrozoa: Leptothecata) from the Beagle Gulf and Darwin Harbour, northern Australia. The Beagle, Records of the Museum and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory 16: 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="2000">Watson, 2000: 46</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 35. –
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ansin Agis J. & Ramil F. & Vervoort W." box="[1379,1436,1611,1632]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 268" refId="ref26086" refString="Ansin Agis J., Ramil F., Vervoort W. 2001. Atlantic Leptolida (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the families Aglaopheniidae, Halopterididae, Kirchenpaueriidae and Plumulariidae collected during the CANCAP and Mauritania-II expeditions of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, the Netherlands. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 333: 1 - 268." type="journal article" year="2001">Ansín</bibRefCitation>
|
||
Agís
|
||
<emphasis box="[961,1005,1640,1661]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2001: 167, fig. 70. –
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Preker M." box="[1235,1413,1640,1661]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" pagination="151 - 156" refId="ref28321" refString="Preker M. 2001. Hydroids from North East Cay, Herald Cays (pp. 151 - 156). In: Royal Geographical Society of Queensland Inc. (ed). Geography Monograph Series 6. Herald Cays Scientific Study Report. Royal Geographical Society of Queensland Inc., Brisbane, 168 pp." type="book chapter" year="2001">Preker, 2001: 154</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. –
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kirkendale L. & Calder D. R." box="[907,1232,1669,1690]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" pagination="159 - 188" refId="ref27485" refString="Kirkendale L., Calder D. R. 2003. Hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands (CNMI). Micronesica 35 / 36: 159 - 188." type="journal article" year="2003">Kirkendale & Calder, 2003: 169</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. – Preker, 2005: 49. –
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Preker M. & Lawn I." box="[925,1184,1698,1719]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" pagination="333 - 349" refId="ref28405" refString="Preker M., Lawn I. 2005. Hydroids (Hydrozoa: Leptolida) from the Wellesley Islands, Gulf of Carpentaria (pp. 333 - 349). In: Geography Monograph Series 10. Gulf of Carpentaria Scientific Study Report. Royal Geographical Society of Queensland Inc., Milton, 390 pp." type="book chapter" year="2005">Preker & Lawn, 2005: 342</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. –
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ansin Agis J. & Vervoort W. & Ramil F." box="[1209,1437,1698,1719]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" pagination="33 - 61" refId="ref26147" refString="Ansin Agis J., Vervoort W., Ramil F. 2009. Hydroids of the family Halopterididae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) collected in the western Pacific by various French expeditions. Zoosystema 31 (1): 33 - 61." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Ansín Agís
|
||
<emphasis box="[1322,1364,1698,1719]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2009:
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
53. –
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Preker M. & Lawn I. D." box="[961,1221,1727,1748]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" pagination="109 - 149" refId="ref28463" refString="Preker M., Lawn I. D. 2010. Hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Leptolida) from Moreton Bay, Queensland, and adjacent regions: a preliminary survey. In: Davie P. J. F. & Philips J. A. (eds). Proceedings of the Thirteen International Marine Biological Workshop, The Marine Fauna and Flora of Moreton Bay, Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, Nature 54 (3): 109 - 149." type="journal article" year="2010">Preker & Lawn, 2010: 120</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Preker M. & Lawn I. D." box="[1230,1317,1727,1748]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" pagination="32 - 58" refId="ref28551" refString="Preker M., Lawn I. D. 2012. Hydroids from the Heron Island reef flat. Queensland Naturalist 50 (4 - 6): 32 - 58." type="journal article" year="2012">2012: 45</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 7.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[831,1437,1151,2064]" box="[832,1323,1755,1776]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
|
||
non
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Vervoort" authorityYear="1941" box="[874,1099,1755,1776]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Capnodiaceae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Capnodiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis box="[874,1099,1755,1776]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Antennella polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vervoort W." box="[1123,1319,1755,1776]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" pagination="186 - 240" refId="ref29323" refString="Vervoort W. 1941. The Hydroida of the Snellius Expedition (Milleporidae and Stylasteridae excluded). Temminckia 6: 186 - 240." type="journal article" year="1941">Vervoort, 1941: 218</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[831,1437,1151,2064]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
|
||
non
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Vervoort" authorityYear="1967" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[876,1096,1784,1805]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Capnodiaceae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Capnodiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="secundaria">
|
||
<emphasis box="[876,1096,1784,1805]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Antennella secundaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vervoort W." box="[1124,1312,1784,1805]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" pagination="18 - 54" refId="ref29377" refString="Vervoort W. 1967. The Hydroida and Chondrophora of the Israel South Red Sea Expedition, 1962. Israel South Red Sea Expedition, 1962 25: 18 - 54." type="journal article" year="1967">Vervoort, 1967: 42</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 12 [not
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[907,1292,1813,1834]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Gmelin, 1791)" authorityName="Vervoort" authorityYear="1967" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[907,1283,1813,1834]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Capnodiaceae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Capnodiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="secundaria">
|
||
<emphasis box="[907,1124,1813,1834]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Antennella secundaria</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gmelin J. F." box="[1136,1275,1813,1834]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" pagination="3021 - 3910" refId="ref27139" refString="Gmelin J. F. 1791. Vermes (pp. 3021 - 3910). In: Delamolliere J. B. (ed). Caroli a Linne Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species; cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Edition decima tertia, aucta reformata. Tom. I, Pars VI. Lugduni, XII + 4120 pp." type="book chapter" year="1791">Gmelin, 1791</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[831,1437,1151,2064]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[832,1437,1842,1863]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
|
||
non
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Billard A." box="[875,1243,1842,1863]" page="66" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" year="1911">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Billard, 1911: 66" authorityName="Billard" authorityPageNumber="66" authorityYear="1911" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[875,1243,1842,1863]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nuttingi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[875,1067,1842,1863]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Plumularia nuttingi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." box="[1075,1243,1842,1863]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" pagination="62 - 71" refId="ref26241" refString="Billard A. 1911. Note preliminaire sur les especes nouvelles de Plumulariidae de l'Expedition du Siboga. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale (5) 8: 62 - 71." type="journal article" year="1911">Billard, 1911: 66</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 8 –
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Van Soest R. W. M." box="[1333,1437,1842,1863]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" pagination="79 - 95" refId="ref29284" refString="Van Soest R. W. M. 1976. A catalogue of the Coelenterate type specimens of the Zoological Museum of Amsterdam. II. Benthic Hydrozoa. Beaufortia 25 (323): 79 - 95." type="journal article" year="1976">Van Soest,</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
1976: 89.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[831,1437,1151,2064]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
|
||
non
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bale" authorityYear="1884" box="[874,1047,1899,1920]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="buskii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[874,1047,1899,1920]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Plumularia buskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Thornely L. R." box="[1072,1271,1899,1920]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" pagination="107 - 126" refId="ref29149" refString="Thornely L. R. 1904. Report on the Hydroida collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. Ceylon Pearl Oyster Fisheries, Supplemental Report 8: 107 - 126." type="book chapter" year="1904">Thornely, 1904: 120</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. –
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ritchie J." box="[1300,1437,1899,1920]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" pagination="826 - 836" refId="ref28778" refString="Ritchie J. 1910. Hydroids from Christmas Island, Indian Ocean, collected by C. W. Andrews, D. Sc, F. R. S., F. Z. S., in 1908. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1910: 826 - 836." type="journal article" year="1910">Ritchie, 1910:</bibRefCitation>
|
||
832. –
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Thornely L. R." box="[973,1171,1928,1949]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" pagination="147 - 150" refId="ref29184" refString="Thornely L. R. 1916. Report on the Hydroida collected by Mr. James Hornell at Okhamandal in Kattiawar in 1905 - 6 (pp. 147 - 150). In: Hornell J. (ed). Report to the Government of Baroda on the Marine Zoology of Okhamandal in Kattiawar, Part II. Williams and Norgate, London, XII + 165 pp." type="book chapter" year="1916">Thornely, 1916: 150</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. –
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nutting C. C." box="[1198,1383,1928,1949]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" pagination="195 - 242" refId="ref28141" refString="Nutting C. C. 1927. Report on the Hydroida collected by the United States Fisheries steamer " Albatross " in the Philippine region, 1907 - 1910. In: Contributions to the biology of the Philippine archipelago and adjacent regions. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 100 (6) (3): 195 - 242." type="journal article" year="1927">Nutting, 1927: 221</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[831,1437,1151,2064]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
|
||
non
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[877,1047,1957,1978]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="buski">
|
||
<emphasis box="[877,1047,1957,1978]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Plumularia buski</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hartlaub C." box="[1078,1280,1957,1978]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" pagination="349 - 379" refId="ref27215" refString="Hartlaub C. 1901. Hydroiden aus dem Stillen Ocean. Ergebnisse einer Reise nach dem Pacific (Schauinsland 1896 - 97). Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie des Tiere 14 (6): 349 - 379." type="journal article" year="1901">Hartlaub, 1901: 374</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 22 figs 22, 32, 36. –
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." box="[1011,1186,1986,2007]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913: 21</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 11, pl. 1 fig. 15. –
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Redier L." box="[907,1069,2015,2036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" pagination="78 - 122" refId="ref28618" refString="Redier L. 1966. Hydraires et bryozoaires. In: Fondation Singer- Polignac (ed). Contribution a l'etude des rivages coralliens d'apres les recoltes de Yves Plessis, en Oceanie (Mission Singer-Polignac). Cahiers du Pacifique 9: 78 - 122." type="journal article" year="1966">Redier, 1966: 90</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 2 figs 1 & 3, pl. 3 fig. 1 (incorrect subsequent spelling).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,757,258,533]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||
non
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[195,371,258,279]" class="Monothalamea" family="Lagynidae" genus="Heterotheca" kingdom="Chromista" order="Allogromiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="buski">
|
||
<emphasis box="[195,371,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Heterotheca buski</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Hirohito & Emperor of Japan" box="[398,581,258,279]" page="30" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" year="1974">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hirohito & Emperor of Japan" box="[398,581,258,279]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" refId="ref27288" refString="Hirohito, Emperor of Japan. 1974. Some hydrozoans of the Bonin Islands. Publications of the Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo, 55 pp." type="book" year="1974">Hirohito, 1974: 30</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 14 (incorrect subsequent spelling).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,757,258,533]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||
non
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[194,361,314,335]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="buskii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[194,361,314,335]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Halopteris buskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Vervoort W. & Vasseur P." box="[386,677,314,335]" page="72" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" year="1977">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vervoort W. & Vasseur P." box="[386,677,314,335]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 98" refId="ref29409" refString="Vervoort W., Vasseur P. 1977. Hydroids from French Polynesia with notes on distribution and ecology. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 159: 1 - 98." type="journal article" year="1977">Vervoort & Vasseur, 1977: 72</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 31. –
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rees W. J. & Vervoort W." box="[246,470,343,364]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 209" refId="ref28696" refString="Rees W. J., Vervoort W. 1987. Hydroids from the John Murray expedition to the Indian Ocean, with revisory notes on Hydrodendron, Abietinella, Cryptolaria and Zygophylax (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 237: 1 - 209." type="journal article" year="1987">Rees & Vervoort, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis box="[486,576,343,364]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">pro parte</emphasis>
|
||
): 119, fig. 25A-B. –
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Ryland J. S. & Gibbons M. J." box="[247,548,371,392]" page="527" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" year="1991">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ryland J. S. & Gibbons M. J." box="[247,548,371,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" pagination="525 - 560" refId="ref28906" refString="Ryland J. S., Gibbons M. J. 1991. Intertidal and shallow water hydroids from Fiji. II. Plumulariidae and Aglaopheniidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 30 (3): 525 - 560." type="journal article" year="1991">Ryland & Gibbons, 1991: 527</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 2. –
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Bouillon J. & Massin C. & Kresevic R." page="49" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" year="1995">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bouillon J. & Massin C. & Kresevic R." pageId="3" pageNumber="24" refId="ref26365" refString="Bouillon J., Massin C., Kresevic R. 1995. Hydroidomedusae de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique. Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen, Brussel, 106 pp." type="book" year="1995">
|
||
Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1995: 49
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. –
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Migotto A. E." box="[381,558,399,420]" page="48" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" year="1996">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Migotto A. E." box="[381,558,399,420]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref27738" refString="Migotto A. E. 1996. Benthic shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the coast of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, including a checklist of Brazilian hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 306: 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1996">Migotto, 1996: 48</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 9F-H. –
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Preker M." page="154" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" year="2001">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Preker M." pageId="3" pageNumber="24" pagination="151 - 156" refId="ref28321" refString="Preker M. 2001. Hydroids from North East Cay, Herald Cays (pp. 151 - 156). In: Royal Geographical Society of Queensland Inc. (ed). Geography Monograph Series 6. Herald Cays Scientific Study Report. Royal Geographical Society of Queensland Inc., Brisbane, 168 pp." type="book chapter" year="2001">Preker, 2001: 154</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; 2005: 48.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,757,258,533]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||
non
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[201,369,456,477]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="buski">
|
||
<emphasis box="[201,369,456,477]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Halopteris buski</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Rees W. J. & Thursfield S." box="[408,727,456,477]" page="160" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" year="1965">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rees W. J. & Thursfield S." box="[408,727,456,477]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" pagination="34 - 220" refId="ref28665" refString="Rees W. J., Thursfield S. 1965. The hydroid collections of James Ritchie. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 69: 34 - 220." type="journal article" year="1965">Rees & Thursfield, 1965: 160</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. –
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Hirohito & Emperor of Japan" box="[227,427,484,505]" page="61" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" year="1983">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hirohito & Emperor of Japan" box="[227,427,484,505]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" refId="ref27317" refString="Hirohito, Emperor of Japan. 1983. Hydroids from Izu Oshima and Niijima. Publications of the Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo, 83 pp." type="book" year="1983">Hirohito, 1983: 61</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Hirohito & Emperor of Japan" box="[447,556,484,505]" page="244" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" year="1995">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hirohito & Emperor of Japan" box="[447,556,484,505]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" refId="ref27346" refString="Hirohito, Emperor of Japan. 1995. The hydroids of Sagami Bay. II. Thecata. Publications of the Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo, 244 pp (English text)." type="book" year="1995">1995: 244</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 82 (incorrect subsequent spelling).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="24" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,756,557,1422]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,383,557,580]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Material examined:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391054308" accessionNumber="MF784530" collectingDate="2003-01-09" collectingDateMax="2016-06-10" collectingDateMin="2003-01-09" collectionCode="MHNG" collectorName="H. R. Galea" country="Indonesia" county="Padangbai" elevation="20" location="Bunaken National Marine Park" municipality="Jepun" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" specimenCode="CDC002, CDC003, CDC004, CDC005" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bali">
|
||
MHNG-INVE-97937;
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[645,752,557,580]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[151,200,588,611]" country="Indonesia" name="Bali" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Bali</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty box="[238,356,588,611]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Padangbai</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[394,458,588,611]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Jepun</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
shipwreck, -8.52819° 115.51478°,
|
||
<quantity box="[300,367,619,642]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="20.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[300,367,619,642]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectionCode box="[454,476,619,642]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode box="[497,518,619,642]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">R</collectionCode>
|
||
. Galea;
|
||
<date box="[627,752,619,642]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" value="2016-06-10">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[627,752,619,642]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" value="2016-06-10">06.10.2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; several sterile plumes, up to
|
||
<quantity box="[464,538,650,673]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" unit="cm" value="3.7">3.7 cm</quantity>
|
||
high; 16
|
||
<collectionCode box="[636,650,650,673]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
|
||
sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[151,274,682,705]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MF784530" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">MF784530</accessionNumber>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391054326" accessionNumber="MF784530" collectingDate="2003-01-09" collectingDateMax="2016-06-10" collectingDateMin="2003-01-09" collectionCode="MNHG" collectorName="G. Allard" country="Indonesia" county="Padangbai" elevation="20" location="Bunaken National Marine Park" municipality="Jepun" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" specimenCode="CDC002, CDC003, CDC004, CDC005" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bali">
|
||
– MNHG-INVE-97951;
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[641,752,682,705]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487AEFF812C12FC738874FDE66C08:8ED26063FF802C18FF7D8E8DFDA96AC0" box="[151,537,713,736]" country="Indonesia" county="Padangbai" municipality="Jepun" name="Bunaken National Marine Park" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" stateProvince="Bali">Bunaken National Marine Park</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487AEFF812C12FC738874FDE66C08:8ED26063FF802C18FDDB8E8DFD786AC0" box="[561,712,713,736]" country="Indonesia" county="Padangbai" municipality="Jepun" name="Manado Tua" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" stateProvince="Bali">Manado Tua</location>
|
||
<collectionCode box="[733,745,713,736]" country="Romania" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14415" name="&quot;Alexandru Ioan Cuza&quot; University" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" type="Herbarium">I</collectionCode>
|
||
.,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487AEFF812C12FC738874FDE66C08:8ED26063FF802C18FF7D8EACFF536ADF" box="[151,227,744,767]" country="Indonesia" county="Padangbai" municipality="Jepun" name="Negeri" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" stateProvince="Bali">Negeri</location>
|
||
, 1.61684° 124.70140°,
|
||
<quantity box="[501,564,744,767]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="10.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[501,564,744,767]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectionCode box="[642,664,744,767]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" type="Herbarium">G</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487AEFF812C12FC738874FDE66C08:8ED26063FF802C18FD428EACFD406ADF" box="[680,752,744,767]" country="Indonesia" county="Padangbai" municipality="Jepun" name="Allard" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" stateProvince="Bali">Allard</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<date box="[151,274,775,798]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" value="2010-11-22">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[151,274,775,798]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" value="2010-11-22">22.11.2010</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; several plumes, up to
|
||
<quantity box="[544,622,775,798]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" unit="cm" value="3.7">3.7 cm</quantity>
|
||
high, some bearing female gonothecae.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391054303" accessionNumber="MF784530" collectingDate="2003-01-09" collectingDateMax="2016-06-10" collectingDateMin="2003-01-09" collectionCode="HRG" collectorName="G. Allard" country="Indonesia" county="Padangbai" elevation="20" location="Bunaken National Marine Park" municipality="Jepun" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" specimenCode="CDC002, CDC003, CDC004, CDC005" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bali">
|
||
– HRG-0421;
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[644,752,806,829]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487AEFF812C12FC738874FDE66C08:8ED26063FF802C18FF7D8F02FDA96B7D" box="[151,537,838,861]" country="Indonesia" county="Padangbai" municipality="Jepun" name="Bunaken National Marine Park" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" stateProvince="Bali">Bunaken National Marine Park</location>
|
||
, off
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487AEFF812C12FC738874FDE66C08:8ED26063FF802C18FD8D8F02FD786B7D" box="[615,712,838,861]" country="Indonesia" county="Padangbai" municipality="Jepun" name="Bunaken" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" stateProvince="Bali">Bunaken</location>
|
||
<collectionCode box="[733,745,838,861]" country="Romania" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14415" name="&quot;Alexandru Ioan Cuza&quot; University" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" type="Herbarium">I</collectionCode>
|
||
.,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487AEFF812C12FC738874FDE66C08:8ED26063FF802C18FF7D8F21FF576B5C" box="[151,231,869,892]" country="Indonesia" county="Padangbai" municipality="Jepun" name="Leukan" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" stateProvince="Bali">Leukan</location>
|
||
2, 1.59989° 124.76697°,
|
||
<quantity box="[517,576,869,892]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="10.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[517,576,869,892]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectionCode box="[646,668,869,892]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" type="Herbarium">G</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487AEFF812C12FC738874FDE66C08:8ED26063FF802C18FD428F21FD406B5C" box="[680,752,869,892]" country="Indonesia" county="Padangbai" municipality="Jepun" name="Allard" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" stateProvince="Bali">Allard</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<date box="[151,275,900,923]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" value="2010-11-21">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[151,275,900,923]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" value="2010-11-21">21.11.2010</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; 6 stems up to
|
||
<quantity box="[465,524,900,923]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
|
||
high, one of which bears female gonothecae, and three others carrying male gonothecae.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391054305" accessionNumber="MF784530" collectingDate="2003-01-09" collectingDateMax="2016-06-10" collectingDateMin="2003-01-09" collectorName="C. G. Di Camillo" country="Indonesia" county="Padangbai" elevation="20" location="Bunaken National Marine Park" municipality="Jepun" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" specimenCode="CDC002, CDC003, CDC004, CDC005" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bali">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode box="[326,426,962,985]" collectionCode="CDC" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12786" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12786" name="Changdu Institute for Drug Control" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" type="Herbarium">CDC002</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[446,554,962,985]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[573,621,962,985]" country="Indonesia" name="Bali" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Bali</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[641,752,962,985]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Tulamben</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[151,230,994,1017]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Liberty</collectorName>
|
||
shipwreck, -8.27417° 115.59265°,
|
||
<quantity box="[631,693,994,1017]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="18.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[631,693,994,1017]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectionCode box="[151,172,1025,1048]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode box="[189,211,1025,1048]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" type="Herbarium">G</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName box="[228,358,1025,1048]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Di Camillo</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<date box="[375,500,1025,1048]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" value="2008-10-21">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[375,500,1025,1048]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" value="2008-10-21">21.10.2008</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; two sterile cormoids, 14 and
|
||
<quantity box="[242,324,1056,1079]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="21.0">21 mm</quantity>
|
||
high.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391054320" accessionNumber="MF784530" collectingDate="2003-01-09" collectingDateMax="2016-06-10" collectingDateMin="2003-01-09" collectorName="C. G. Di Camillo" country="Indonesia" county="Padangbai" elevation="20" location="Bunaken National Marine Park" municipality="Jepun" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" specimenCode="CDC002, CDC003, CDC004, CDC005" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bali">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode box="[430,529,1056,1079]" collectionCode="CDC" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12786" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12786" name="Changdu Institute for Drug Control" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" type="Herbarium">CDC003</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[546,653,1056,1079]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Ambon,
|
||
<collectorName box="[151,205,1087,1110]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Laha</collectorName>
|
||
<collectionCode box="[218,230,1087,1110]" country="Romania" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14415" name="&quot;Alexandru Ioan Cuza&quot; University" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" type="Herbarium">I</collectionCode>
|
||
., -3.69221° 128.12310°,
|
||
<quantity box="[517,615,1087,1110]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[517,615,1087,1110]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10-15 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectionCode box="[693,714,1087,1110]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode box="[730,752,1087,1110]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" type="Herbarium">G</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName box="[151,280,1118,1141]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Di Camillo</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<date box="[297,421,1118,1141]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" value="2008-10-14">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[297,421,1118,1141]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" value="2008-10-14">14.10.2008</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; a
|
||
<quantity box="[462,543,1118,1141]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
|
||
high cormoid and a
|
||
<quantity box="[177,261,1150,1173]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
|
||
high fragment, both infertile.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391054312" accessionNumber="MF784530" collectingDate="2003-01-09" collectingDateMax="2016-06-10" collectingDateMin="2003-01-09" collectorName="C. G. Di Camillo" country="Indonesia" county="Padangbai" elevation="20" location="Bunaken National Marine Park" municipality="Jepun" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" specimenCode="CDC002, CDC003, CDC004, CDC005" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bali">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode box="[653,752,1150,1173]" collectionCode="CDC" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12786" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12786" name="Changdu Institute for Drug Control" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" type="Herbarium">CDC004</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[151,258,1181,1204]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[272,620,1181,1204]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Bunaken National Marine Park</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Raymond’s Point</collectorName>
|
||
, 1.62713° 124.73363°,
|
||
<quantity box="[481,578,1212,1235]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="45.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="40.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[481,578,1212,1235]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="45.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="40.0">40-50 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectionCode box="[654,675,1212,1235]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode box="[691,713,1212,1235]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" type="Herbarium">G</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Di Camillo</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<date box="[264,390,1243,1266]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" value="2003-01-09">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[264,390,1243,1266]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" value="2003-01-09">01.09.2003</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; two sterile fragments, 7 and
|
||
<quantity box="[151,226,1274,1297]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, likely from different cormoids.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391054314" accessionNumber="MF784530" collectingDate="2003-01-09" collectingDateMax="2016-06-10" collectingDateMin="2003-01-09" collectorName="C. G. Di Camillo" country="Indonesia" county="Padangbai" elevation="20" location="Bunaken National Marine Park" municipality="Jepun" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" specimenCode="CDC002, CDC003, CDC004, CDC005" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bali">
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode box="[654,752,1274,1297]" collectionCode="CDC" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12786" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12786" name="Changdu Institute for Drug Control" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" type="Herbarium">CDC005</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[151,258,1306,1329]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[272,620,1306,1329]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Bunaken National Marine Park</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Mandolin’s Point</collectorName>
|
||
, 1.61095° 124.73257°,
|
||
<quantity box="[495,561,1337,1360]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="20.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[495,561,1337,1360]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectionCode box="[646,667,1337,1360]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode box="[687,709,1337,1360]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" type="Herbarium">G</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Di Camillo</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<date box="[254,377,1368,1391]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" value="2005-12-02">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[254,377,1368,1391]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" value="2005-12-02">12.02.2005</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; a
|
||
<quantity box="[412,489,1368,1391]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="27.0">27 mm</quantity>
|
||
high cormoid bearing a gonotheca, probably male
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,756,1446,1593]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,390,1446,1469]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Additional material</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode box="[415,497,1446,1469]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode box="[515,537,1446,1469]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode box="[540,559,1446,1469]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
|
||
.1309;
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[644,752,1446,1469]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Rote Island, Buka Bay,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[432,542,1477,1500]" degrees="10.87333" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" precision="1" value="-10.87333">-10.87333</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[554,671,1477,1500]" degrees="123.01833" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" precision="1" value="123.01833">123.01833</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[688,751,1477,1500]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="34.0">34 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Stn." authorityName="Stn." box="[151,289,1508,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Siboga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,226,1508,1531]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Siboga</emphasis>
|
||
Stn.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
299; a
|
||
<quantity box="[407,493,1508,1531]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" unit="cm" value="1.1">1.1 cm</quantity>
|
||
high sterile cormoid belonging to the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[355,439,1539,1562]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Billard, 1913" authorityName="Billard, 1913 Billard" authorityYear="1913" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis box="[489,756,1539,1562]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Plumularia polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." box="[151,296,1570,1593]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="24" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,756,1617,2077]" lastBlockId="3.[831,1436,258,503]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,271,1617,1640]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1888" box="[281,396,1617,1640]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[281,396,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Halopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with cormoids reaching heights of up to
|
||
<quantity box="[245,322,1648,1671]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" unit="cm" value="3.7">3.7 cm</quantity>
|
||
, with monosiphonic, unbranched stems, divided homomerously into rather long internodes bearing a hydrotheca, a lateral apophysis, and up to 9 nematothecae [1 mesial, a pair of laterals, an axillar one, and generally 2-3 (though up to 5 possibly present) above hydrotheca]. Cladia alternately arranged along stem, heteromerously divided into internodes; hydrothecate internodes slightly shorter than their ahydrothecate counterparts, carrying a hydrotheca and its up to 4 associated nematothecae (1 mesial, a pair of laterals, and occasionally an axillar one); ahydrothecate internodes with 1-2 nematothecae. Hydrothecae conical and shallow; lateral nematothecae with either lowered, emarginated or sinuated margin adaxially, not surpassing hydrothecal rim, borne on inconspicuous apophyses. Female gonotheca broadly ovoid, with apical, large, rounded aperture perpendicular to long axis of the theca, and closed by glass-watch-shaped operculum; 2-3 basal nematothecae.
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1256,1311,385,408]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Male</collectingRegion>
|
||
gonotheca smaller than female, ovoid, without noticeable aperture, with 2 basal nematothecae. Cormoids yellow throughout in life.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[831,1437,527,2077]" lastBlockId="5.[831,1437,1116,1338]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,973,527,550]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
Colonies composed of a varied number of cormoids arising from creeping, branching stolon, not carrying nematothecae. Cormoids erect (though flaccid when out of liquid), up to
|
||
<quantity box="[1136,1214,623,646]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" unit="cm" value="3.7">3.7 cm</quantity>
|
||
high. Cauli simple, monosiphonic (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1005,1100,655,678]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1838,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,265,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-6@4.[151,1436,257,1799]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Living colonies of Halopteris spp. showing their natural coloration. (A) H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913) from Bunaken, in situ (photo CGDC). (B, C) H. sibogae (Billard, 1913) from Bali, in situ. (D) H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM & SM). (E) H. australis sp. nov. from New Caledonia, in situ. (F) H. millardae sp. nov. from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM & SM). Photos courtesy: N. & J-M. Bertot (B, C), E. Tardy (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590662/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1118,1154,655,678]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,927,948]" captionTargetBox="[180,1374,260,911]" captionTargetId="figure-313@5.[151,1402,254,925]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Preserved cormoids of Halopteris spp. showing differences in their appearance. (A): H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913), MHNG- INVE-97937. (B): H. sibogae (Billard, 1913), MHNG-INVE-97938. (C-E): H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from Bali (MHNG- INVE-97952), Toliara (MHNG-INVE-98633) and Martinique (HRG-0897), respectively. (F): H. australis sp. nov. (MHNG- INVE-82742). (G): H. millardae sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-98634. (H): H. brasiliensis sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-37495, slide H12/37. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590664/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
), composed of an up to
|
||
<quantity box="[831,889,686,709]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, ahydrothecate, proximal part above origin from stolon, and a much longer, distal part carrying both hydrothecae and hydrocladia. Basal part usually divided by up to 4 transverse nodes into segments of varied length, bearing a number of nematothecae (up to 34 observed) arranged into two parallel, closelyset rows; distalmost segment delimited from the remainder of caulus through a deeply-cut, oblique node. Stem above basal part longer, homomerously segmented into up to 37 internodes trough oblique constrictions of the perisarc (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1193,1291,1004,1027]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,1848,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1436,255,2005]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. (A-K) Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913). Portions of stems (A, B) and proximal part of a cladium (C). Stem (D) and cladial (E, F) hydrothecae, the latter in frontal and lateral views, respectively. Nematothecae (G) cauline (G1), cladial (G2), mesial from cauline (G3) and cladial (G4) hydrothecae, laterals from cladial hydrothecae (G5-9), axillar from caulus (G10) and cladium (G11), and associated to the female gonotheca (G12, 13). Female (H, I) and male (J) gonothecae. Cnidome (K). (L-O) Halopteris sp. from Siboga Stn. 299, belonging to the syntype series of Plumularia polymorpha Billard, 1913. Cauline internode (L). Portion of a cladium (M), and the same much enlarged in frontal (N) and lateral (O) views. Specimens CDC004 (A, C, F), MHNG-INVE-97937 (B, D, E, G1-7, 10, 11, H, K), HRG-0421 (G8. 9, 12, 13, I, J), H.L. 1309 (L-O). Scale bars: 10 μm (K), 100 μm (D-G, L, N, O), 200 μm (H-J), 300 μm (A-C, M). ►" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590670/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
); internodes long, bearing one hydrotheca in their lower third, a number of nematothecae, and an apophysis lateral to the hydrotheca supporting a cladium (two apophyses are usually present in the proximal most internode, and these support a pair of cladia) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1174,1260,1163,1186]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,1848,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1436,255,2005]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. (A-K) Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913). Portions of stems (A, B) and proximal part of a cladium (C). Stem (D) and cladial (E, F) hydrothecae, the latter in frontal and lateral views, respectively. Nematothecae (G) cauline (G1), cladial (G2), mesial from cauline (G3) and cladial (G4) hydrothecae, laterals from cladial hydrothecae (G5-9), axillar from caulus (G10) and cladium (G11), and associated to the female gonotheca (G12, 13). Female (H, I) and male (J) gonothecae. Cnidome (K). (L-O) Halopteris sp. from Siboga Stn. 299, belonging to the syntype series of Plumularia polymorpha Billard, 1913. Cauline internode (L). Portion of a cladium (M), and the same much enlarged in frontal (N) and lateral (O) views. Specimens CDC004 (A, C, F), MHNG-INVE-97937 (B, D, E, G1-7, 10, 11, H, K), HRG-0421 (G8. 9, 12, 13, I, J), H.L. 1309 (L-O). Scale bars: 10 μm (K), 100 μm (D-G, L, N, O), 200 μm (H-J), 300 μm (A-C, M). ►" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590670/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
); nematothecae: one mesial, a pair of laterals, one axillar, as well as usually 2-3 (though occasionally 1-5 possibly present) above the hydrotheca, arranged in two closely-set rows. Cladia, except for the proximal most that can be paired, alternately-arranged along caulus; up to
|
||
<quantity box="[831,895,1354,1377]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, usually less so; each composed of a short, proximal, athecate, quadrangular segment, followed by a succession of ahydrothecate and hydrothecate internodes, delimited through a heteromerous segmentation; ahydrothecate internodes with proximal node transverse and distal node oblique; the reverse in hydrothecate internodes. First ahydrothecate internode quite long, and longer than its subsequent counterparts, bearing constantly two superior nematothecae in a single row; remaining ahydrothecate internodes provided with commonly 1, or rarely 2, nematothecae. Hydrothecate internodes, up to 7 (usually 4-6) per cladium, relatively short, with a hydrotheca confined to most of their length (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1133,1226,1767,1790]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,1848,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1436,255,2005]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. (A-K) Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913). Portions of stems (A, B) and proximal part of a cladium (C). Stem (D) and cladial (E, F) hydrothecae, the latter in frontal and lateral views, respectively. Nematothecae (G) cauline (G1), cladial (G2), mesial from cauline (G3) and cladial (G4) hydrothecae, laterals from cladial hydrothecae (G5-9), axillar from caulus (G10) and cladium (G11), and associated to the female gonotheca (G12, 13). Female (H, I) and male (J) gonothecae. Cnidome (K). (L-O) Halopteris sp. from Siboga Stn. 299, belonging to the syntype series of Plumularia polymorpha Billard, 1913. Cauline internode (L). Portion of a cladium (M), and the same much enlarged in frontal (N) and lateral (O) views. Specimens CDC004 (A, C, F), MHNG-INVE-97937 (B, D, E, G1-7, 10, 11, H, K), HRG-0421 (G8. 9, 12, 13, I, J), H.L. 1309 (L-O). Scale bars: 10 μm (K), 100 μm (D-G, L, N, O), 200 μm (H-J), 300 μm (A-C, M). ►" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590670/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
), and up to four nematothecae: one mesial, a pair of laterals and, occasionally, an axillar one (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1177,1270,1831,1854]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,1848,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1436,255,2005]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. (A-K) Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913). Portions of stems (A, B) and proximal part of a cladium (C). Stem (D) and cladial (E, F) hydrothecae, the latter in frontal and lateral views, respectively. Nematothecae (G) cauline (G1), cladial (G2), mesial from cauline (G3) and cladial (G4) hydrothecae, laterals from cladial hydrothecae (G5-9), axillar from caulus (G10) and cladium (G11), and associated to the female gonotheca (G12, 13). Female (H, I) and male (J) gonothecae. Cnidome (K). (L-O) Halopteris sp. from Siboga Stn. 299, belonging to the syntype series of Plumularia polymorpha Billard, 1913. Cauline internode (L). Portion of a cladium (M), and the same much enlarged in frontal (N) and lateral (O) views. Specimens CDC004 (A, C, F), MHNG-INVE-97937 (B, D, E, G1-7, 10, 11, H, K), HRG-0421 (G8. 9, 12, 13, I, J), H.L. 1309 (L-O). Scale bars: 10 μm (K), 100 μm (D-G, L, N, O), 200 μm (H-J), 300 μm (A-C, M). ►" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590670/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hydrothecae cup-shaped and shallow, walls slightly divergent, rim circular, entire (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1076,1210,1895,1918]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,1848,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1436,255,2005]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. (A-K) Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913). Portions of stems (A, B) and proximal part of a cladium (C). Stem (D) and cladial (E, F) hydrothecae, the latter in frontal and lateral views, respectively. Nematothecae (G) cauline (G1), cladial (G2), mesial from cauline (G3) and cladial (G4) hydrothecae, laterals from cladial hydrothecae (G5-9), axillar from caulus (G10) and cladium (G11), and associated to the female gonotheca (G12, 13). Female (H, I) and male (J) gonothecae. Cnidome (K). (L-O) Halopteris sp. from Siboga Stn. 299, belonging to the syntype series of Plumularia polymorpha Billard, 1913. Cauline internode (L). Portion of a cladium (M), and the same much enlarged in frontal (N) and lateral (O) views. Specimens CDC004 (A, C, F), MHNG-INVE-97937 (B, D, E, G1-7, 10, 11, H, K), HRG-0421 (G8. 9, 12, 13, I, J), H.L. 1309 (L-O). Scale bars: 10 μm (K), 100 μm (D-G, L, N, O), 200 μm (H-J), 300 μm (A-C, M). ►" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590670/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Fig. 3D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). All nematothecae of the colony bithalamic and movable; mesial ones short, triangular in frontal view, rim of upper chamber with deep, adaxial emargination (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1214,1312,1988,2013]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,1848,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1436,255,2005]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. (A-K) Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913). Portions of stems (A, B) and proximal part of a cladium (C). Stem (D) and cladial (E, F) hydrothecae, the latter in frontal and lateral views, respectively. Nematothecae (G) cauline (G1), cladial (G2), mesial from cauline (G3) and cladial (G4) hydrothecae, laterals from cladial hydrothecae (G5-9), axillar from caulus (G10) and cladium (G11), and associated to the female gonotheca (G12, 13). Female (H, I) and male (J) gonothecae. Cnidome (K). (L-O) Halopteris sp. from Siboga Stn. 299, belonging to the syntype series of Plumularia polymorpha Billard, 1913. Cauline internode (L). Portion of a cladium (M), and the same much enlarged in frontal (N) and lateral (O) views. Specimens CDC004 (A, C, F), MHNG-INVE-97937 (B, D, E, G1-7, 10, 11, H, K), HRG-0421 (G8. 9, 12, 13, I, J), H.L. 1309 (L-O). Scale bars: 10 μm (K), 100 μm (D-G, L, N, O), 200 μm (H-J), 300 μm (A-C, M). ►" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590670/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Fig. 3G
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1303,1312,1988,2002]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">3</superScript>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1322,1330,1988,2002]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[151,186,1150,1171]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,257,1098]" captionTargetId="figure-373@10.[151,1436,257,1102]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. Halopteris sibogae (Billard, 1913). Portion of stem and proximal part of a cladium in frontal (B) and lateral (C) aspects. Hydrotheca in frontal (D) and lateral (E) views. Cladial nematothecae (F): from ahydrothecate internodes (F1-4), mesial (F5, 6), lateral (F7), single (F8) and paired (F9) axillar ones. Female (G) and male (H) gonothecae. Cnidome (I). Specimens MHNG- INVE-97938 (A-G, I), MHNG-INVE-97926 (H). Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (D, E, I), 200 μm (G, H), 300 μm (A-C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590674/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">4</figureCitation>
|
||
); laterals short, not surpassing the hydrothecal rim (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,1848,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1436,255,2005]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. (A-K) Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913). Portions of stems (A, B) and proximal part of a cladium (C). Stem (D) and cladial (E, F) hydrothecae, the latter in frontal and lateral views, respectively. Nematothecae (G) cauline (G1), cladial (G2), mesial from cauline (G3) and cladial (G4) hydrothecae, laterals from cladial hydrothecae (G5-9), axillar from caulus (G10) and cladium (G11), and associated to the female gonotheca (G12, 13). Female (H, I) and male (J) gonothecae. Cnidome (K). (L-O) Halopteris sp. from Siboga Stn. 299, belonging to the syntype series of Plumularia polymorpha Billard, 1913. Cauline internode (L). Portion of a cladium (M), and the same much enlarged in frontal (N) and lateral (O) views. Specimens CDC004 (A, C, F), MHNG-INVE-97937 (B, D, E, G1-7, 10, 11, H, K), HRG-0421 (G8. 9, 12, 13, I, J), H.L. 1309 (L-O). Scale bars: 10 μm (K), 100 μm (D-G, L, N, O), 200 μm (H-J), 300 μm (A-C, M). ►" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590670/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Fig. 3D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
), and mounted on very short apophyses, conical in shape, aperture wide, margin of upper chamber of variable shape: variously lowered to emarginated to sigmoid adaxially (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[367,455,1182,1205]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,1848,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1436,255,2005]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. (A-K) Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913). Portions of stems (A, B) and proximal part of a cladium (C). Stem (D) and cladial (E, F) hydrothecae, the latter in frontal and lateral views, respectively. Nematothecae (G) cauline (G1), cladial (G2), mesial from cauline (G3) and cladial (G4) hydrothecae, laterals from cladial hydrothecae (G5-9), axillar from caulus (G10) and cladium (G11), and associated to the female gonotheca (G12, 13). Female (H, I) and male (J) gonothecae. Cnidome (K). (L-O) Halopteris sp. from Siboga Stn. 299, belonging to the syntype series of Plumularia polymorpha Billard, 1913. Cauline internode (L). Portion of a cladium (M), and the same much enlarged in frontal (N) and lateral (O) views. Specimens CDC004 (A, C, F), MHNG-INVE-97937 (B, D, E, G1-7, 10, 11, H, K), HRG-0421 (G8. 9, 12, 13, I, J), H.L. 1309 (L-O). Scale bars: 10 μm (K), 100 μm (D-G, L, N, O), 200 μm (H-J), 300 μm (A-C, M). ►" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590670/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation box="[455,476,1180,1194]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStart-4="Fig 9" captionStartId-0="12.[151,186,1664,1685]" captionStartId-1="16.[151,186,962,983]" captionStartId-2="18.[151,186,1031,1052]" captionStartId-3="20.[151,186,806,827]" captionStartId-4="30.[151,183,1941,1962]" captionTargetBox-0="[152,1426,257,1603]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1429,258,906]" captionTargetBox-2="[154,1427,253,959]" captionTargetBox-3="[157,1424,259,774]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1436,939,1919]" captionTargetId-0="figure-5@12.[151,1436,238,1605]" captionTargetId-1="figure-555@16.[151,1436,257,912]" captionTargetId-2="figure-411@18.[151,1436,251,960]" captionTargetId-3="figure-506@20.[151,1436,257,774]" captionTargetId-4="graphics-311@30.[151,1436,881,1926]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionTargetPageId-2="18" captionTargetPageId-3="20" captionTargetPageId-4="30" captionText-0="Fig. 5. Halopteris vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Indian Ocean (A-K) and the Caribbean (M-R). Portions of stems with cladia (A, B, M). Cauline internode (C). Portion of cladium, enlarged (D). Hydrothecate internodes in frontal (E, N) and lateral (F, O) aspects. Nematothecae (G): from caulus (G1) and cladia (G2), mesial (G3) and laterals (G4, 5) from cladial hydrothecae, single (G6) and paired (G7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. Female (H, I, P) and male (J, K, Q) gonothecae. Cnidomes (L, R). Specimens MHNG-INVE-98635 (A, C, G7), MHNG-INVE-97952 (B, F, G4, 6, L), MHNG-INVE-98633 (D, E, G1-3, 5, 8, 9, H-K), HRG-1339 (M, P), HRG-0897 (O), HRG-0337 (Q, R). Figure in N is reproduced after Galea (2008). Scale bars: 10 μm (L, R), 100 μm (C-G, N, O), 200 μm (H-K, P, Q), 300 μm (A, B, M)." captionText-1="Fig. 6. Halopteris australis sp. nov. Portion of stem and basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem internode with hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia enlarged in frontal (C) and lateral (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and cladia (E2), mesial from cladial hydrotheca (E3), lateral from cauline (E4) and cladial (E5) hydrothecae, single (E6) and paired (E7) axillar associated to cladial hydrothecae. All from sample MHNG-INVE-82742. Scale bars: 10 μm (G), 100 μM (B-E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." captionText-2="Fig. 7. Halopteris millardae sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Hydrothecae from stem (B) and cladia (C, D), the latter in frontal and lateral aspects, respectively. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1, 2) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E3, 4), mesial (E5, 6) and lateral (E7) from cauline hydrotheca, and axillar associated to both cauline (E8) and cladial (E9) hydrothecae.All from sample MHNG-INVE-98634. Scale bars: 10 μm (F), 100 μm (B-E), 300 μm (A)." captionText-3="Fig. 8. Halopteris brasiliensis sp. nov. Portion of stem with basal parts of three cladia (A). Stem hydrotheca (B). Portions of cladia in lateral (C) and frontal (D) aspects. Nematothecae (E): from caulus (E1) and ahydrothecate cladial internodes (E2, 3), mesial from cauline hydrotheca (E4), lateral from cladial hydrotheca (E5), from female gonotheca (E6), pair of axillar from cauline hydrotheca (E7) and single axillar from cladial hydrotheca (E8). All from sample MHNG-INVE-37495. Scale bars: 100 μm (B- E), 200 μm (F), 300 μm (A)." captionText-4="Fig 9. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of Halopterididae species obtained with RAxML (GTR + G + I model) based on 547 bp positions (after Gblock treatment) of the mitochondrial 16S gene. Node-support values are bootstrap values of 100 pseudoreplicates (shown only if> 70%). For more details, see text and Appendix 2. Highlighted in yellow boxes are species discussed in the text, boxed in grey are other species clades with more than one sample, which permit to assess the intraspecific divergences observed in this family." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590676" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590678" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590680" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590682" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590684" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5590676/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5590678/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5590680/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5590682/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/5590684/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[455,476,1180,1194]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">5-9</superScript>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
); cauline (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[601,689,1182,1205]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,1848,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1436,255,2005]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. (A-K) Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913). Portions of stems (A, B) and proximal part of a cladium (C). Stem (D) and cladial (E, F) hydrothecae, the latter in frontal and lateral views, respectively. Nematothecae (G) cauline (G1), cladial (G2), mesial from cauline (G3) and cladial (G4) hydrothecae, laterals from cladial hydrothecae (G5-9), axillar from caulus (G10) and cladium (G11), and associated to the female gonotheca (G12, 13). Female (H, I) and male (J) gonothecae. Cnidome (K). (L-O) Halopteris sp. from Siboga Stn. 299, belonging to the syntype series of Plumularia polymorpha Billard, 1913. Cauline internode (L). Portion of a cladium (M), and the same much enlarged in frontal (N) and lateral (O) views. Specimens CDC004 (A, C, F), MHNG-INVE-97937 (B, D, E, G1-7, 10, 11, H, K), HRG-0421 (G8. 9, 12, 13, I, J), H.L. 1309 (L-O). Scale bars: 10 μm (K), 100 μm (D-G, L, N, O), 200 μm (H-J), 300 μm (A-C, M). ►" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590670/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation box="[689,697,1180,1194]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1838,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,265,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-6@4.[151,1436,257,1799]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Living colonies of Halopteris spp. showing their natural coloration. (A) H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913) from Bunaken, in situ (photo CGDC). (B, C) H. sibogae (Billard, 1913) from Bali, in situ. (D) H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM & SM). (E) H. australis sp. nov. from New Caledonia, in situ. (F) H. millardae sp. nov. from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM & SM). Photos courtesy: N. & J-M. Bertot (B, C), E. Tardy (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590662/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[689,697,1180,1194]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">1</superScript>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) and cladial (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[244,334,1215,1238]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,1848,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1436,255,2005]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. (A-K) Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913). Portions of stems (A, B) and proximal part of a cladium (C). Stem (D) and cladial (E, F) hydrothecae, the latter in frontal and lateral views, respectively. Nematothecae (G) cauline (G1), cladial (G2), mesial from cauline (G3) and cladial (G4) hydrothecae, laterals from cladial hydrothecae (G5-9), axillar from caulus (G10) and cladium (G11), and associated to the female gonotheca (G12, 13). Female (H, I) and male (J) gonothecae. Cnidome (K). (L-O) Halopteris sp. from Siboga Stn. 299, belonging to the syntype series of Plumularia polymorpha Billard, 1913. Cauline internode (L). Portion of a cladium (M), and the same much enlarged in frontal (N) and lateral (O) views. Specimens CDC004 (A, C, F), MHNG-INVE-97937 (B, D, E, G1-7, 10, 11, H, K), HRG-0421 (G8. 9, 12, 13, I, J), H.L. 1309 (L-O). Scale bars: 10 μm (K), 100 μm (D-G, L, N, O), 200 μm (H-J), 300 μm (A-C, M). ►" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590670/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation box="[334,342,1213,1227]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,927,948]" captionTargetBox="[180,1374,260,911]" captionTargetId="figure-313@5.[151,1402,254,925]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Preserved cormoids of Halopteris spp. showing differences in their appearance. (A): H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913), MHNG- INVE-97937. (B): H. sibogae (Billard, 1913), MHNG-INVE-97938. (C-E): H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from Bali (MHNG- INVE-97952), Toliara (MHNG-INVE-98633) and Martinique (HRG-0897), respectively. (F): H. australis sp. nov. (MHNG- INVE-82742). (G): H. millardae sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-98634. (H): H. brasiliensis sp. nov., MHNG-INVE-37495, slide H12/37. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590664/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[334,342,1213,1227]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">2</superScript>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) nematothecae long, with tall basal and shallow upper chambers, rim scooped adaxially; axillar nematothecae conical to broadly ovoid, rather inconspicuous due to their comparatively smaller size and thinner perisarc (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[410,503,1346,1369]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,1848,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1436,255,2005]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. (A-K) Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913). Portions of stems (A, B) and proximal part of a cladium (C). Stem (D) and cladial (E, F) hydrothecae, the latter in frontal and lateral views, respectively. Nematothecae (G) cauline (G1), cladial (G2), mesial from cauline (G3) and cladial (G4) hydrothecae, laterals from cladial hydrothecae (G5-9), axillar from caulus (G10) and cladium (G11), and associated to the female gonotheca (G12, 13). Female (H, I) and male (J) gonothecae. Cnidome (K). (L-O) Halopteris sp. from Siboga Stn. 299, belonging to the syntype series of Plumularia polymorpha Billard, 1913. Cauline internode (L). Portion of a cladium (M), and the same much enlarged in frontal (N) and lateral (O) views. Specimens CDC004 (A, C, F), MHNG-INVE-97937 (B, D, E, G1-7, 10, 11, H, K), HRG-0421 (G8. 9, 12, 13, I, J), H.L. 1309 (L-O). Scale bars: 10 μm (K), 100 μm (D-G, L, N, O), 200 μm (H-J), 300 μm (A-C, M). ►" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590670/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[503,547,1345,1359]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">10, 11</superScript>
|
||
). Hydranths with 15-16 filiform tentacles; in life, whole colony of a distinctive yellow tinge (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[428,517,1412,1435]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1838,1859]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,265,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-6@4.[151,1436,257,1799]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Living colonies of Halopteris spp. showing their natural coloration. (A) H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913) from Bunaken, in situ (photo CGDC). (B, C) H. sibogae (Billard, 1913) from Bali, in situ. (D) H. vervoorti Galea, 2008 from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM & SM). (E) H. australis sp. nov. from New Caledonia, in situ. (F) H. millardae sp. nov. from the Maldives, ex situ (photo DM & SM). Photos courtesy: N. & J-M. Bertot (B, C), E. Tardy (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590662/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Colonies dioecious. Gonothecae borne on both stems and cladia, inserted singly beside the base of a hydrotheca through a short, lateral apophysis, and mounted on single quadrangular pedicel; female large, broadly ovoid, tapering below, and there provided with 2-3 basal nematothecae; aperture distal, perpendicular to long axis of the theca, large and circular, with conspicuously thickened rim, closed by a watch-glass-shaped operculum (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[631,742,1676,1699]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,1848,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1436,255,2005]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. (A-K) Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913). Portions of stems (A, B) and proximal part of a cladium (C). Stem (D) and cladial (E, F) hydrothecae, the latter in frontal and lateral views, respectively. Nematothecae (G) cauline (G1), cladial (G2), mesial from cauline (G3) and cladial (G4) hydrothecae, laterals from cladial hydrothecae (G5-9), axillar from caulus (G10) and cladium (G11), and associated to the female gonotheca (G12, 13). Female (H, I) and male (J) gonothecae. Cnidome (K). (L-O) Halopteris sp. from Siboga Stn. 299, belonging to the syntype series of Plumularia polymorpha Billard, 1913. Cauline internode (L). Portion of a cladium (M), and the same much enlarged in frontal (N) and lateral (O) views. Specimens CDC004 (A, C, F), MHNG-INVE-97937 (B, D, E, G1-7, 10, 11, H, K), HRG-0421 (G8. 9, 12, 13, I, J), H.L. 1309 (L-O). Scale bars: 10 μm (K), 100 μm (D-G, L, N, O), 200 μm (H-J), 300 μm (A-C, M). ►" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590670/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Fig. 3H, I</figureCitation>
|
||
); male comparatively smaller than female, ovoid, tapering below, without distinct aperture, provided basally with a couple of nematothecae (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1127,1206,1116,1139]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,1848,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1436,255,2005]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. (A-K) Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913). Portions of stems (A, B) and proximal part of a cladium (C). Stem (D) and cladial (E, F) hydrothecae, the latter in frontal and lateral views, respectively. Nematothecae (G) cauline (G1), cladial (G2), mesial from cauline (G3) and cladial (G4) hydrothecae, laterals from cladial hydrothecae (G5-9), axillar from caulus (G10) and cladium (G11), and associated to the female gonotheca (G12, 13). Female (H, I) and male (J) gonothecae. Cnidome (K). (L-O) Halopteris sp. from Siboga Stn. 299, belonging to the syntype series of Plumularia polymorpha Billard, 1913. Cauline internode (L). Portion of a cladium (M), and the same much enlarged in frontal (N) and lateral (O) views. Specimens CDC004 (A, C, F), MHNG-INVE-97937 (B, D, E, G1-7, 10, 11, H, K), HRG-0421 (G8. 9, 12, 13, I, J), H.L. 1309 (L-O). Scale bars: 10 μm (K), 100 μm (D-G, L, N, O), 200 μm (H-J), 300 μm (A-C, M). ►" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590670/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Fig. 3J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cnidome (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1343,1428,1116,1139]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,1848,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1436,255,2005]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. (A-K) Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913). Portions of stems (A, B) and proximal part of a cladium (C). Stem (D) and cladial (E, F) hydrothecae, the latter in frontal and lateral views, respectively. Nematothecae (G) cauline (G1), cladial (G2), mesial from cauline (G3) and cladial (G4) hydrothecae, laterals from cladial hydrothecae (G5-9), axillar from caulus (G10) and cladium (G11), and associated to the female gonotheca (G12, 13). Female (H, I) and male (J) gonothecae. Cnidome (K). (L-O) Halopteris sp. from Siboga Stn. 299, belonging to the syntype series of Plumularia polymorpha Billard, 1913. Cauline internode (L). Portion of a cladium (M), and the same much enlarged in frontal (N) and lateral (O) views. Specimens CDC004 (A, C, F), MHNG-INVE-97937 (B, D, E, G1-7, 10, 11, H, K), HRG-0421 (G8. 9, 12, 13, I, J), H.L. 1309 (L-O). Scale bars: 10 μm (K), 100 μm (D-G, L, N, O), 200 μm (H-J), 300 μm (A-C, M). ►" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590670/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Fig. 3K</figureCitation>
|
||
) composed of
|
||
<specimenCount box="[995,1082,1149,1172]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" type="generic" typeStatus="types">3 types</specimenCount>
|
||
of microbasic mastigophores: large, elongated-ovoid [(21.9-22.6) × (8.2-8.5) μm, in nematophores, as well as scattered in the coenosarc]; small, banana-shaped [(6.9-7.5) ×
|
||
<emphasis box="[1251,1276,1248,1271]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 2.4 μm, in tentacles]; small, ovoid capsules [(4.5-5.1) × (2.8- 2.9) μm, scattered in the coenosarc].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590662" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5590662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590662/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" startId="4.[151,186,1838,1859]" targetBox="[159,1428,265,1792]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,1838,1945]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Fig. 1. Living colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[410,559,1838,1859]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[410,513,1838,1859]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Halopteris</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showing their natural coloration. (A)
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Billard, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[925,1220,1838,1859]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis box="[925,1070,1838,1859]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">H. polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." box="[1083,1213,1838,1859]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Bunaken,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1377,1437,1838,1859]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
(photo CGDC). (B, C)
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Billard, 1913)" authorityName="Present" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[451,707,1866,1887]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="sibogae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[451,557,1866,1887]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">H. sibogae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." box="[570,700,1866,1887]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Bali,
|
||
<emphasis box="[820,880,1866,1887]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
. (D)
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Galea, 2008" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" box="[933,1175,1866,1887]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
|
||
<emphasis box="[933,1051,1866,1887]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">H. vervoorti</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Galea H. R." box="[1058,1175,1866,1887]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref26877" refString="Galea H. R. 2008. On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa 1878: 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="2008">Galea, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Maldives,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1373,1437,1866,1887]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">ex situ</emphasis>
|
||
(photo DM & SM). (E)
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Galea & Gioia Di Camillo & Maggioni & Montano & Schuchert, 2018" authorityName="Galea & Gioia Di Camillo & Maggioni & Montano & Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[457,570,1895,1916]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="australis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[457,570,1895,1916]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">H. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[576,651,1895,1916]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from New Caledonia,
|
||
<emphasis box="[870,929,1895,1916]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
. (F)
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Galea & Gioia Di Camillo & Maggioni & Montano & Schuchert, 2018" authorityName="Galea & Gioia Di Camillo & Maggioni & Montano & Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[977,1098,1895,1916]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="millardae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[977,1098,1895,1916]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">H. millardae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1105,1180,1895,1916]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from the Maldives,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1374,1437,1895,1916]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">ex situ</emphasis>
|
||
(photo DM & SM). Photos courtesy: N. & J-M. Bertot (B, C), E. Tardy (E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590664" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5590664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590664/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" startId="5.[151,186,927,948]" targetBox="[180,1374,260,911]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1436,927,1063]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Fig. 2. Preserved cormoids of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[450,599,927,948]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[450,553,927,948]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Halopteris</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showing differences in their appearance. (A):
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Billard, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[1047,1344,927,948]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1047,1193,927,948]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">H. polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." box="[1206,1338,927,948]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, MHNG- INVE-97937. (B):
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Billard, 1913)" authorityName="Present" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[415,679,956,977]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="sibogae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[415,522,956,977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">H. sibogae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." box="[538,672,956,977]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, MHNG-INVE-97938. (C-E):
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Galea, 2008" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" box="[984,1233,956,977]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
|
||
<emphasis box="[984,1105,956,977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">H. vervoorti</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Galea H. R." box="[1114,1233,956,977]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref26877" refString="Galea H. R. 2008. On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa 1878: 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="2008">Galea, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Bali (MHNG- INVE-97952), Toliara (MHNG-INVE-98633) and Martinique (HRG-0897), respectively. (F):
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Galea & Gioia Di Camillo & Maggioni & Montano & Schuchert, 2018" authorityName="Galea & Gioia Di Camillo & Maggioni & Montano & Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[1142,1257,984,1005]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="australis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1142,1257,984,1005]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">H. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1264,1341,984,1005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(MHNG- INVE-82742). (G):
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Galea & Gioia Di Camillo & Maggioni & Montano & Schuchert, 2018" authorityName="Galea & Gioia Di Camillo & Maggioni & Montano & Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[425,550,1013,1034]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="millardae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[425,550,1013,1034]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">H. millardae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[559,640,1013,1034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, MHNG-INVE-98634. (H):
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Galea & Gioia Di Camillo & Maggioni & Montano & Schuchert, 2018" authorityName="Galea & Gioia Di Camillo & Maggioni & Montano & Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[923,1067,1013,1034]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[923,1067,1013,1034]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">H. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1076,1157,1013,1034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, MHNG-INVE-37495, slide H12/37. Scale bar: 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[831,1110,1363,1386]" box="[831,1110,1363,1386]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,973,1363,1386]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Dimensions:</emphasis>
|
||
See
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1024,1103,1363,1386]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="21.[148,201,538,559]" captionTargetBox="[148,1922,658,1790]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Table 1. Comparative morphological and morphometrical features of H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913) (present study and syntype materials from Siboga Stn. 80 and 299) and H. sibogae (Billard, 1913) (Ho stands for homomerous, and He for heteromerous)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF726630FF962C0EFF7E8E5EFC2E6A6C" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" tableUuid="DF726630FF962C0EFF7E8E5EFC2E6A6C">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[831,1437,1411,1766]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,946,1411,1434]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
The ordinary cauline internodes bear usually 2-3 nematothecae above their corresponding hydrothecae (60.8% and 34.8%, respectively, n=115), though exceptionally as few as 1, or as much as 4 or even 5, may occur (1%, 1.7% and 1.7%, respectively, n=115). The basalmost cauline internodes, supporting pairs of cladia, bear an increased number of nematothecae, usually 4-5. The ordinary cladial ahydrothecate internodes bear generally 1 and, less frequently, 2 nematothecae (92% and 8%, respectively, n=110).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590670" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5590670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590670/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" startId="5.[151,186,1848,1869]" targetBox="[154,1436,259,2002]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,1848,2071]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Fig. 3. (A-K)
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Billard, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[294,677,1848,1869]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis box="[294,521,1848,1869]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Halopteris polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." box="[536,670,1848,1869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Portions of stems (A, B) and proximal part of a cladium (C). Stem (D) and cladial (E, F) hydrothecae, the latter in frontal and lateral views, respectively. Nematothecae (G) cauline (G
|
||
<superScript attach="right" box="[1289,1296,1876,1888]" fontSize="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">1</superScript>
|
||
), cladial (G
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1415,1422,1876,1888]" fontSize="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">2</superScript>
|
||
), mesial from cauline (G
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[452,459,1905,1917]" fontSize="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">3</superScript>
|
||
) and cladial (G
|
||
<superScript attach="right" box="[613,620,1905,1917]" fontSize="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">4</superScript>
|
||
) hydrothecae, laterals from cladial hydrothecae (G
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1116,1135,1905,1917]" fontSize="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">5-9</superScript>
|
||
), axillar from caulus (G
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1372,1386,1905,1917]" fontSize="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">10</superScript>
|
||
) and cladium (G
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[335,348,1933,1945]" fontSize="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">11</superScript>
|
||
), and associated to the female gonotheca (G
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[775,810,1933,1945]" fontSize="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">12, 13</superScript>
|
||
). Female (H, I) and male (J) gonothecae. Cnidome (K).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,1848,2071]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">
|
||
(L-O)
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[289,426,1964,1985]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[289,392,1964,1985]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Halopteris</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Stn." authorityName="Stn." box="[485,597,1964,1985]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Siboga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[485,552,1964,1985]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Siboga</emphasis>
|
||
Stn.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
299, belonging to the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[815,890,1964,1985]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
series of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Billard, 1913" authorityName="Billard, 1913 Billard" authorityYear="1913" box="[984,1352,1964,1985]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis box="[984,1215,1964,1985]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Plumularia polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." box="[1222,1352,1964,1985]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Cauline internode (L). Portion of a cladium (M), and the same much enlarged in frontal (N) and lateral (O) views. Specimens CDC004 (A, C, F), MHNG-INVE-97937 (B, D, E, G
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[647,706,2020,2032]" fontSize="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">1-7, 10, 11</superScript>
|
||
, H, K), HRG-0421 (G
|
||
<superScript attach="right" box="[923,986,2020,2032]" fontSize="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">8. 9, 12, 13</superScript>
|
||
, I, J), H.L. 1309 (L-O). Scale bars: 10 μm (K), 100 μm (D-G, L, N, O), 200 μm (H-J), 300 μm (A-C, M). ►
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,756,258,2074]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Behind each cauline hydrotheca, there is large foramen for the passage of a nematophore, itself protected by a bithalamic nematotheca; the latter is occasionally lost, but the constant presence of the foramen in all internodes indicates the pre-existence of an axillar nematotheca. Conversely, the cladial hydrothecae bear only occasionally single axillar nematothecae, but their basal foramina are inconspicuous.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,756,258,2074]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Terminal stolonization is quite common in the available samples, but no branched cladia have been observed.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,756,258,2074]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
|
||
The bulk of the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[352,435,573,596]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Billard, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis box="[587,756,573,596]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">H. polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." box="[159,305,604,627]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is housed in the collection of NBC but, due to important ongoing renovation works, could not be re-examined for the purpose of the present study (Koos van Egmond,
|
||
<emphasis box="[300,430,698,721]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">pers. comm.</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,756,258,2074]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
|
||
However, the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[295,393,730,753]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(from
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Stn." authorityName="Stn." box="[461,582,730,753]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Siboga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[461,535,730,753]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Siboga</emphasis>
|
||
Stn.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
80) – designated and well-illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schuchert P." box="[403,589,761,784]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
– is distinctive through its long cauline and cladial ahydrothecate internodes, and its rather shallow hydrothecae, provided with short, conical lateral nematothecae borne on inconspicuous apophyses. The present material fully agrees with these, allowing an updated and more comprehensive account on
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[442,604,950,973]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis box="[442,604,950,973]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">H. polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be done.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,756,258,2074]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
|
||
A microslide (H.L.1309), stored in MNHN and containing a sterile cormoid from
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Stn." authorityName="Stn." box="[525,651,1013,1036]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Siboga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[525,599,1013,1036]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Siboga</emphasis>
|
||
Stn.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
299, was re-examined. The caulus is homomerously segmented, with the exception of its distalmost part, where transverse nodes intervene; each internode is moderately long and comprises a hydrotheca in its lower half, a lateral apophysis and up to 7 nematothecae (1 mesial, a pair of laterals, a pair of axillar, as well as 1-2 superior ones, a certain distance one above the other, and slightly displaced laterally to one another) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[455,547,1265,1288]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,1848,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1436,255,2005]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. (A-K) Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913). Portions of stems (A, B) and proximal part of a cladium (C). Stem (D) and cladial (E, F) hydrothecae, the latter in frontal and lateral views, respectively. Nematothecae (G) cauline (G1), cladial (G2), mesial from cauline (G3) and cladial (G4) hydrothecae, laterals from cladial hydrothecae (G5-9), axillar from caulus (G10) and cladium (G11), and associated to the female gonotheca (G12, 13). Female (H, I) and male (J) gonothecae. Cnidome (K). (L-O) Halopteris sp. from Siboga Stn. 299, belonging to the syntype series of Plumularia polymorpha Billard, 1913. Cauline internode (L). Portion of a cladium (M), and the same much enlarged in frontal (N) and lateral (O) views. Specimens CDC004 (A, C, F), MHNG-INVE-97937 (B, D, E, G1-7, 10, 11, H, K), HRG-0421 (G8. 9, 12, 13, I, J), H.L. 1309 (L-O). Scale bars: 10 μm (K), 100 μm (D-G, L, N, O), 200 μm (H-J), 300 μm (A-C, M). ►" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590670/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Fig. 3L</figureCitation>
|
||
). The hydrocladia are heteromerously segmented; the 1st ahydrothecate internode is longer than its subsequent counterparts, and bears generally 2 nematothecae (although 3 were noted in one instance); the ordinary ahydrothecate internodes are of a rather varied length and carry 1-2 nematothecae (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[159,249,1454,1477]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,1848,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1436,255,2005]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. (A-K) Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913). Portions of stems (A, B) and proximal part of a cladium (C). Stem (D) and cladial (E, F) hydrothecae, the latter in frontal and lateral views, respectively. Nematothecae (G) cauline (G1), cladial (G2), mesial from cauline (G3) and cladial (G4) hydrothecae, laterals from cladial hydrothecae (G5-9), axillar from caulus (G10) and cladium (G11), and associated to the female gonotheca (G12, 13). Female (H, I) and male (J) gonothecae. Cnidome (K). (L-O) Halopteris sp. from Siboga Stn. 299, belonging to the syntype series of Plumularia polymorpha Billard, 1913. Cauline internode (L). Portion of a cladium (M), and the same much enlarged in frontal (N) and lateral (O) views. Specimens CDC004 (A, C, F), MHNG-INVE-97937 (B, D, E, G1-7, 10, 11, H, K), HRG-0421 (G8. 9, 12, 13, I, J), H.L. 1309 (L-O). Scale bars: 10 μm (K), 100 μm (D-G, L, N, O), 200 μm (H-J), 300 μm (A-C, M). ►" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590670/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Fig. 3M</figureCitation>
|
||
); the hydrothecate internodes bear a hydrotheca and its 4 associated nematothecae (1 mesial, a pair of laterals, and an axillar one) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[457,544,1517,1540]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,1848,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1436,255,2005]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. (A-K) Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913). Portions of stems (A, B) and proximal part of a cladium (C). Stem (D) and cladial (E, F) hydrothecae, the latter in frontal and lateral views, respectively. Nematothecae (G) cauline (G1), cladial (G2), mesial from cauline (G3) and cladial (G4) hydrothecae, laterals from cladial hydrothecae (G5-9), axillar from caulus (G10) and cladium (G11), and associated to the female gonotheca (G12, 13). Female (H, I) and male (J) gonothecae. Cnidome (K). (L-O) Halopteris sp. from Siboga Stn. 299, belonging to the syntype series of Plumularia polymorpha Billard, 1913. Cauline internode (L). Portion of a cladium (M), and the same much enlarged in frontal (N) and lateral (O) views. Specimens CDC004 (A, C, F), MHNG-INVE-97937 (B, D, E, G1-7, 10, 11, H, K), HRG-0421 (G8. 9, 12, 13, I, J), H.L. 1309 (L-O). Scale bars: 10 μm (K), 100 μm (D-G, L, N, O), 200 μm (H-J), 300 μm (A-C, M). ►" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590670/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Fig. 3N</figureCitation>
|
||
). All nematothecae, including the axillar ones, are bithalamic. The hydrothecae are deep and almost cylindrical, and their lateral nematothecae are mounted on well-developed apophyses, and scarcely reach the hydrothecal rim (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[159,244,1674,1697]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,1848,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1436,255,2005]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. (A-K) Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913). Portions of stems (A, B) and proximal part of a cladium (C). Stem (D) and cladial (E, F) hydrothecae, the latter in frontal and lateral views, respectively. Nematothecae (G) cauline (G1), cladial (G2), mesial from cauline (G3) and cladial (G4) hydrothecae, laterals from cladial hydrothecae (G5-9), axillar from caulus (G10) and cladium (G11), and associated to the female gonotheca (G12, 13). Female (H, I) and male (J) gonothecae. Cnidome (K). (L-O) Halopteris sp. from Siboga Stn. 299, belonging to the syntype series of Plumularia polymorpha Billard, 1913. Cauline internode (L). Portion of a cladium (M), and the same much enlarged in frontal (N) and lateral (O) views. Specimens CDC004 (A, C, F), MHNG-INVE-97937 (B, D, E, G1-7, 10, 11, H, K), HRG-0421 (G8. 9, 12, 13, I, J), H.L. 1309 (L-O). Scale bars: 10 μm (K), 100 μm (D-G, L, N, O), 200 μm (H-J), 300 μm (A-C, M). ►" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590670/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Fig. 3O</figureCitation>
|
||
). Its gonothecae remain to be discovered.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,756,258,2074]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Accordingly, it results that the material from
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Stn." authorityName="Stn." class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Siboga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[682,756,1705,1728]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Siboga</emphasis>
|
||
Stn.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
299 is morphologically different from the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[658,756,1737,1760]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[191,364,1768,1791]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis box="[191,364,1768,1791]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">H. polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(compare
|
||
<figureCitation box="[500,571,1768,1791]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,1848,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[151,1436,255,2005]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. (A-K) Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913). Portions of stems (A, B) and proximal part of a cladium (C). Stem (D) and cladial (E, F) hydrothecae, the latter in frontal and lateral views, respectively. Nematothecae (G) cauline (G1), cladial (G2), mesial from cauline (G3) and cladial (G4) hydrothecae, laterals from cladial hydrothecae (G5-9), axillar from caulus (G10) and cladium (G11), and associated to the female gonotheca (G12, 13). Female (H, I) and male (J) gonothecae. Cnidome (K). (L-O) Halopteris sp. from Siboga Stn. 299, belonging to the syntype series of Plumularia polymorpha Billard, 1913. Cauline internode (L). Portion of a cladium (M), and the same much enlarged in frontal (N) and lateral (O) views. Specimens CDC004 (A, C, F), MHNG-INVE-97937 (B, D, E, G1-7, 10, 11, H, K), HRG-0421 (G8. 9, 12, 13, I, J), H.L. 1309 (L-O). Scale bars: 10 μm (K), 100 μm (D-G, L, N, O), 200 μm (H-J), 300 μm (A-C, M). ►" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590670" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590670/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A-F and 3L-O; see also
|
||
<tableCitation box="[251,333,1800,1823]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="21.[148,201,538,559]" captionTargetBox="[148,1922,658,1790]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Table 1. Comparative morphological and morphometrical features of H. polymorpha (Billard, 1913) (present study and syntype materials from Siboga Stn. 80 and 299) and H. sibogae (Billard, 1913) (Ho stands for homomerous, and He for heteromerous)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF726630FF962C0EFF7E8E5EFC2E6A6C" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" tableUuid="DF726630FF962C0EFF7E8E5EFC2E6A6C">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
), a finding that contrasts with earlier views expressed by both
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." box="[434,590,1831,1854]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schuchert P." pageId="7" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The former material obviously belongs to a different, possibly an as yet unnamed species, whose comprehensive description requires additional, fertile material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,756,258,2074]" lastBlockId="7.[831,1437,258,2072]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
|
||
The 3rd morphotype belonging to the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[632,715,1989,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,318,2020,2043]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,318,2020,2043]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">H. polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Stn." authorityName="Stn." box="[400,528,2020,2043]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Siboga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[400,474,2020,2043]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Siboga</emphasis>
|
||
Stn.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
77, is presently the less documented (the available data are summarized in
|
||
<tableCitation box="[831,912,258,281]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="26.[148,201,1073,1094]" captionTargetBox="[159,1953,1169,1784]" captionText="Table 4. Various records approaching the phenotype of Halopteris vervoorti Galea, 2008, and their possible taxonomic status (L stands for length, Φ for diameter, Ho and He for homo- and heteromerous, respectively, and Ha., He. and A. for Halopteris, Heterotheca and Antennella, respectively)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF726630FF992C01FF7E8875FB436C43" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" tableUuid="DF726630FF992C01FF7E8875FB436C43">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
herein). According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." box="[1162,1318,258,281]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, its cladia, besides the proximal most, quadrangular segment, begin with an ahydrothecate internode provided with only one nematotheca, followed by a succession of “mostly” homomerously-segmented internodes bearing “most often” a single nematotheca. The rather deep hydrothecae, provided with lateral nematothecae borne on well-developed apophyses, combined with the structure of the hydrocladia, suggest – with little doubt – that the material from
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Stn." authorityName="Stn." box="[1111,1238,545,568]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Siboga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1111,1185,545,568]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Siboga</emphasis>
|
||
Stn.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
77 is specifically different from both the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1089,1187,577,600]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[1226,1389,577,600]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1226,1389,577,600]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">H. polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the material in hand described above, thus contradicting – again – the opinions expressed by both
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." box="[1283,1436,641,664]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schuchert P." box="[877,1064,673,696]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[831,1437,258,2072]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Billard, 1911)" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1913" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[831,1224,705,728]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="nuttingi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[831,1043,705,728]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Halopteris nuttingi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." box="[1065,1216,705,728]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" pagination="62 - 71" refId="ref26241" refString="Billard A. 1911. Note preliminaire sur les especes nouvelles de Plumulariidae de l'Expedition du Siboga. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale (5) 8: 62 - 71." type="journal article" year="1911">Billard, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was synonymized with
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[891,1058,737,760]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis box="[891,1058,737,760]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">H. polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schuchert P." box="[1109,1301,737,760]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, an opinion not shared here. However, we agree with him that its inclusion in the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Bale, 1884)" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[1177,1432,801,824]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="buskii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1177,1279,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">H. buskii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bale W. M." box="[1299,1424,801,824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" refId="ref26191" refString="Bale W. M. 1884. Catalogue of the Australian hydroid zoophytes. Australian Museum, Sydney, 198 pp." type="book" year="1884">Bale, 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." box="[972,1127,833,856]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, is not justified as they have morphologically different gonothecae. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." box="[831,989,897,920]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1913" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1003,1122,897,920]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="nuttingi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1003,1122,897,920]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">H. nuttingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[as
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1173,1361,897,920]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="buski">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1173,1361,897,920]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Plumularia buski</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis box="[1380,1419,897,920]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">sic!</emphasis>
|
||
)] and
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[881,1047,929,952]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis box="[881,1047,929,952]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">H. polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could be confidently distinguished through the shape of the upper chamber of their lateral nematothecae: globular with distinctly emarginated ad- and abaxial walls in the former, and conical with slight adaxial emargination in the latter (it was stated above that the complete panoply of shapes displayed by the latter also include a sinuated rim or an adaxial emargination). In
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schuchert P." box="[863,1067,1153,1176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert’s (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
view, this character is unreliable, arguing that in other halopteridids,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1264,1303,1185,1208]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Ritchie, 1909" authorityName="Ritchie" authorityYear="1909" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Capnodiaceae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Capnodiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="quadriaurita">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Antennella quadriaurita</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ritchie J." box="[977,1126,1217,1240]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" pagination="65 - 101" refId="ref28745" refString="Ritchie J. 1909. Supplementary reports on the hydroids of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 47 (1): 65 - 101." type="journal article" year="1909">Ritchie, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, “it is notoriously variable”. However, since then, it has been suggested that the former concept of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ritchie" authorityYear="1909" box="[953,1120,1281,1304]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Capnodiaceae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Capnodiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="quadriaurita">
|
||
<emphasis box="[953,1120,1281,1304]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">A. quadriaurita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
likely includes a complex of species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Galea H. R." box="[923,1099,1313,1336]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref26945" refString="Galea H. R. 2013. New additions to the shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the French Lesser Antilles: Martinique. Zootaxa 3686 (1): 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="2013">Galea, 2013: 29</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and it has been demonstrated, for instance, that at least one “morphotype” represents a distinct, well-characterized species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Galea H. R. & Ferry R." pageId="7" pageNumber="28" pagination="213 - 246" refId="ref26981" refString="Galea H. R., Ferry R. 2015. Notes on some hydroids (Cnidaria) from Martinique, with descriptions of five new species. Revue suisse de Zoologie 122 (2): 213 - 246." type="journal article" year="2015">Galea & Ferry, 2015: 237</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Moreover, besides the distinctive shape of the lateral nematothecae, the number and position of their counterparts confined to the cauline internodes distal to hydrotheca is different in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1913" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1107,1223,1505,1528]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="nuttingi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1107,1223,1505,1528]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">H. nuttingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." box="[1280,1424,1505,1528]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Last but not least, according to both
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." box="[1219,1364,1537,1560]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" pagination="62 - 71" refId="ref26241" refString="Billard A. 1911. Note preliminaire sur les especes nouvelles de Plumulariidae de l'Expedition du Siboga. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale (5) 8: 62 - 71." type="journal article" year="1911">Billard (1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 8; 1913, fig. 11) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schuchert P." box="[1017,1193,1569,1592]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 21C), this nominal species has shorter cladial ahydrothecate internodes and deeper hydrothecae compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[1185,1347,1633,1656]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1185,1347,1633,1656]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">H. polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[831,1437,258,2072]" lastBlockId="8.[151,757,258,2076]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Additionally, it should be stressed that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1913" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1266,1385,1665,1688]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="nuttingi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1266,1385,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">H. nuttingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was created based on a
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1047,1133,1697,1720]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
, as it results from
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." pageId="7" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard’s [1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[939,1125,1729,1752]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="buski">
|
||
<emphasis box="[939,1125,1729,1752]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Plumularia buski</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis box="[1142,1172,1729,1752]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">sic</emphasis>
|
||
!)
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bale W. M." box="[1198,1318,1729,1752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" refId="ref26191" refString="Bale W. M. 1884. Catalogue of the Australian hydroid zoophytes. Australian Museum, Sydney, 198 pp." type="book" year="1884">Bale, 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
] work, but not from his original account (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." box="[1160,1306,1761,1784]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" pagination="62 - 71" refId="ref26241" refString="Billard A. 1911. Note preliminaire sur les especes nouvelles de Plumulariidae de l'Expedition du Siboga. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale (5) 8: 62 - 71." type="journal article" year="1911">Billard, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Moreover, according to the former publication, it is very likely that the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[927,1010,1825,1848]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
contains a mix of species, as Billard mentions (p. 22) ahydrothecate cladial internodes either short or long, and provided with one or two nematothecae. However, a
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1124,1208,1921,1944]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis box="[1225,1255,1921,1944]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">sic</emphasis>
|
||
!) for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1913" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1319,1436,1921,1944]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="nuttingi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1319,1436,1921,1944]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">H. nuttingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been designated (Coel. 5241) by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schuchert P." pageId="7" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997: 64)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who also provided reliable illustrations of it (N.B.: This material should be best referred to as the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1323,1426,2017,2040]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
). Besides
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." box="[928,1097,2049,2072]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" pagination="62 - 71" refId="ref26241" refString="Billard A. 1911. Note preliminaire sur les especes nouvelles de Plumulariidae de l'Expedition du Siboga. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale (5) 8: 62 - 71." type="journal article" year="1911">Billard’s (1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." box="[1114,1169,2049,2072]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) record of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1913" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1307,1430,2049,2072]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="nuttingi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1307,1430,2049,2072]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">H. nuttingi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, at least two others seem to occur in the literature,
|
||
<emphasis box="[720,750,258,281]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">viz</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Redier L." box="[151,335,290,313]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="78 - 122" refId="ref28618" refString="Redier L. 1966. Hydraires et bryozoaires. In: Fondation Singer- Polignac (ed). Contribution a l'etude des rivages coralliens d'apres les recoltes de Yves Plessis, en Oceanie (Mission Singer-Polignac). Cahiers du Pacifique 9: 78 - 122." type="journal article" year="1966">Redier [1966: 90</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 2 figs 1 & 3, pl. 3 fig. 1; as
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[673,756,290,313]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="buski">
|
||
<emphasis box="[673,756,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">P. buski</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis box="[160,199,322,345]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">sic!</emphasis>
|
||
)] and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Watson J. E." box="[273,470,322,345]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref29585" refString="Watson J. E. 2000. Hydroids (Hydrozoa: Leptothecata) from the Beagle Gulf and Darwin Harbour, northern Australia. The Beagle, Records of the Museum and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory 16: 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="2000">Watson (2000: 46</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 35C, E;
|
||
<emphasis box="[622,724,322,345]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">pro parte</emphasis>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,313,354,377]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,313,354,377]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,757,258,2076]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Literature records of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[398,567,385,408]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis box="[398,567,385,408]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are a matter of debate, due to several main factors: 1) the lack of formal descriptions, or descriptions too succinct, sometimes not accompanied by illustrations, a situation mainly occurring in older literature; 2) only sterile material was available, thus generating confusion with
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Bale, 1884)" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[502,752,543,566]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="buskii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[502,602,543,566]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. buskii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bale W. M." box="[619,743,543,566]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" refId="ref26191" refString="Bale W. M. 1884. Catalogue of the Australian hydroid zoophytes. Australian Museum, Sydney, 198 pp." type="book" year="1884">Bale, 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 3) the artificial inclusion in the synonymy of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard’s (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
species of a variety of hydroids displaying a large panoply of morphological features, the specific name “
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[163,292,669,692]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,292,669,692]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” being obviously misleading.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schuchert P." pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ansin Agis J. & Ramil F. & Vervoort W." box="[287,567,700,723]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 268" refId="ref26086" refString="Ansin Agis J., Ramil F., Vervoort W. 2001. Atlantic Leptolida (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the families Aglaopheniidae, Halopterididae, Kirchenpaueriidae and Plumulariidae collected during the CANCAP and Mauritania-II expeditions of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, the Netherlands. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 333: 1 - 268." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Ansín Agis
|
||
<emphasis box="[428,482,700,723]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ansin Agis J. & Vervoort W. & Ramil F." box="[585,640,700,723]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="33 - 61" refId="ref26147" refString="Ansin Agis J., Vervoort W., Ramil F. 2009. Hydroids of the family Halopterididae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) collected in the western Pacific by various French expeditions. Zoosystema 31 (1): 33 - 61." type="journal article" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) provided extensive lists of synonyms for this taxon (a compilation is given in the synonymy above), though only a few prove reliable in light of the present observations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,757,258,2076]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
||
For instance, the material studied by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Di Camillo C. G. & Bavestrello G. & Valisano L. & Puce S." pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1589 - 1599" refId="ref26767" refString="Di Camillo C. G., Bavestrello G., Valisano L., Puce S. 2008. Spatial and temporal distribution in a tropical hydroid assemblage. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88 (8): 1589 - 1599." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Di Camillo
|
||
<emphasis box="[699,750,826,849]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and re-examined herein, belongs to the present species.In addition, the Fijian record by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ryland J. S. & Gibbons M. J." pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="525 - 560" refId="ref28906" refString="Ryland J. S., Gibbons M. J. 1991. Intertidal and shallow water hydroids from Fiji. II. Plumulariidae and Aglaopheniidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 30 (3): 525 - 560." type="journal article" year="1991">Ryland & Gibbons (1991: 530)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is also in agreement with it, since it displays the distinctively long cladial ahydrothecate internodes, relatively shallow hydrothecae, lateral nematothecae (with flared upper chamber) borne on inconspicuous apophyses, as well as the occasional presence of axillar nematothecae behind the cladial hydrothecae (it is assumed that their cauline counterparts were overlooked by the authors). Although neither formally described, nor illustrated, the
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[308,434,1172,1195]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
||
record by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pennycuik P. R." box="[544,733,1172,1195]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="141 - 210" refId="ref28257" refString="Pennycuik P. R. 1959. Marine and brackish water hydroids. In: Faunistic records from Queensland. Part V. University of Queensland Papers, Department of Zoology 1 (6): 141 - 210." type="journal article" year="1959">Pennycuik (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is reportedly said similar with Billard’s fig. 14A, presently known as representing the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[437,535,1235,1258]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[570,732,1235,1258]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis box="[570,732,1235,1258]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,757,258,2076]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Besides these few records, many others clearly deviate morphologically from the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[436,537,1298,1321]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Among them, there are morphotypes characteristically forming either tall (>
|
||
<quantity box="[185,242,1361,1384]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
|
||
high) or small-sized (<
|
||
<quantity box="[517,574,1361,1384]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
high) cormoids. Specimens with tall stems were described, for instance, in materials from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[341,477,1424,1447]" name="South Africa" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Millard N. A. H." box="[491,643,1424,1447]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 513" refId="ref27821" refString="Millard N. A. H. 1975. Monograph on the Hydroida of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 68: 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[661,756,1424,1447]" name="Tanzania" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rees W. J. & Vervoort W." box="[159,405,1455,1478]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 209" refId="ref28696" refString="Rees W. J., Vervoort W. 1987. Hydroids from the John Murray expedition to the Indian Ocean, with revisory notes on Hydrodendron, Abietinella, Cryptolaria and Zygophylax (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 237: 1 - 209." type="journal article" year="1987">Rees & Vervoort, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; as
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[443,539,1455,1478]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="buskii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[443,539,1455,1478]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. buskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and the
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[642,756,1455,1478]" name="Seychelles" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Millard N. A. H. & Bouillon J." box="[158,453,1487,1510]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref27956" refString="Millard N. A. H., Bouillon J. 1973. Hydroids from the Seychelles (Coelenterata). Annales du Museum Royal de l'Afrique Centrale 206: 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1973">Millard & Bouillon, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Millard N. A. H." box="[476,657,1487,1510]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 513" refId="ref27821" refString="Millard N. A. H. 1975. Monograph on the Hydroida of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 68: 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard’s (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
material is, obviously, a mix of species: one with very deep, almost tubular hydrothecae (her fig. 112K), while the other (her fig. 112L) corresponds morphologically to the redescription of the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[415,513,1613,1636]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[553,652,1613,1636]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="buskii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[553,652,1613,1636]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. buskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schuchert P." box="[190,383,1644,1667]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Conversely, the specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[151,246,1675,1698]" name="Tanzania" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[368,482,1675,1698]" name="Seychelles" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||
(part of the latter reexamined herein) belong to an as yet undescribed species,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Galea & Gioia Di Camillo & Maggioni & Montano & Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,375,1738,1761]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="millardae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,375,1738,1761]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Halopteris millardae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,757,258,2076]" lastBlockId="8.[831,1437,258,2075]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
||
On the other hand, among the materials with smallsized cormoids, several morphological groups could be distinguished. First, there are specimens whose hydrothecae distinctly display sinuated margins (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vervoort W. & Vasseur P." pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 98" refId="ref29409" refString="Vervoort W., Vasseur P. 1977. Hydroids from French Polynesia with notes on distribution and ecology. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 159: 1 - 98." type="journal article" year="1977">Vervoort & Vasseur, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and these belong to the new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Galea & Gioia Di Camillo & Maggioni & Montano & Schuchert" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,374,1927,1950]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,374,1927,1950]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Halopteris australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, described below. Second, there are materials whose hydrothecae possess an even rim, but further divide into a subgroup with homomerouslysegmented cladia (
|
||
<emphasis box="[358,396,2022,2045]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vervoort W." box="[406,573,2022,2045]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="97 - 174" refId="ref29348" refString="Vervoort W. 1966. Bathyal and abyssal hydroids. Scientific Results of the Danish Deep-Sea Expedition 1950 - 1952. Galathea Report 8: 97 - 174." type="book chapter" year="1966">Vervoort, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hirohito & Emperor of Japan" box="[587,749,2022,2045]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" refId="ref27317" refString="Hirohito, Emperor of Japan. 1983. Hydroids from Izu Oshima and Niijima. Publications of the Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo, 83 pp." type="book" year="1983">Hirohito, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and another one displaying a heteromerous division into internodes [
|
||
<emphasis box="[1025,1064,258,281]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vervoort W." box="[1079,1262,258,281]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="18 - 54" refId="ref29377" refString="Vervoort W. 1967. The Hydroida and Chondrophora of the Israel South Red Sea Expedition, 1962. Israel South Red Sea Expedition, 1962 25: 18 - 54." type="journal article" year="1967">Vervoort (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Vervoort" authorityYear="1967" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1791" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Capnodiaceae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Capnodiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="secundaria">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Antennella secundaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hirohito & Emperor of Japan" box="[964,1134,289,312]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" refId="ref27288" refString="Hirohito, Emperor of Japan. 1974. Some hydrozoans of the Bonin Islands. Publications of the Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo, 55 pp." type="book" year="1974">Hirohito (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1173,1366,289,312]" class="Monothalamea" family="Lagynidae" genus="Heterotheca" kingdom="Chromista" order="Allogromiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="buski">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1173,1366,289,312]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Heterotheca buski</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis box="[1381,1420,289,312]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">sic!</emphasis>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ryland J. S. & Gibbons M. J." box="[832,1111,321,344]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="525 - 560" refId="ref28906" refString="Ryland J. S., Gibbons M. J. 1991. Intertidal and shallow water hydroids from Fiji. II. Plumulariidae and Aglaopheniidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 30 (3): 525 - 560." type="journal article" year="1991">Ryland & Gibbons (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[1151,1248,321,344]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="buskii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1151,1248,321,344]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. buskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hirohito & Emperor of Japan" box="[1262,1432,321,344]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" refId="ref27346" refString="Hirohito, Emperor of Japan. 1995. The hydroids of Sagami Bay. II. Thecata. Publications of the Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo, 244 pp (English text)." type="book" year="1995">Hirohito (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[862,953,352,375]" class="Monothalamea" family="Lagynidae" genus="Heterotheca" kingdom="Chromista" order="Allogromiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="buski">
|
||
<emphasis box="[862,953,352,375]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. buski</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis box="[971,1009,352,375]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">sic!</emphasis>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Preker M. & Lawn I. D." box="[1034,1276,352,375]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="109 - 149" refId="ref28463" refString="Preker M., Lawn I. D. 2010. Hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Leptolida) from Moreton Bay, Queensland, and adjacent regions: a preliminary survey. In: Davie P. J. F. & Philips J. A. (eds). Proceedings of the Thirteen International Marine Biological Workshop, The Marine Fauna and Flora of Moreton Bay, Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, Nature 54 (3): 109 - 149." type="journal article" year="2010">Preker & Lawn (2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Preker M. & Lawn I. D." box="[1289,1349,352,375]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="32 - 58" refId="ref28551" refString="Preker M., Lawn I. D. 2012. Hydroids from the Heron Island reef flat. Queensland Naturalist 50 (4 - 6): 32 - 58." type="journal article" year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)]. Some specimens, among the materials with heteromerous cladia, are thought to belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Galea, 2008" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" box="[1170,1436,415,438]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1170,1301,415,438]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. vervoorti</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Galea H. R." box="[1307,1436,415,438]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref26877" refString="Galea H. R. 2008. On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa 1878: 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="2008">Galea, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below under this species), while the taxonomic status of the remaining ones is uncertain in light of the available data (see
|
||
<tableCitation box="[938,1030,510,533]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="22.[148,201,1344,1365]" captionTargetBox="[159,1904,1440,1755]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Table 2. Literature records included earlier in the synonymy of Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913), but deviating from the present concept of this species (H. stands for Halopteris). N.B.: Italics are used to emphasize the distinguishing characters." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF726630FF952C0DFF7E8904FCD16D52" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" tableUuid="DF726630FF952C0DFF7E8904FCD16D52">Tables 2</tableCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1088,1104,510,533]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="26.[148,201,1073,1094]" captionTargetBox="[159,1953,1169,1784]" captionText="Table 4. Various records approaching the phenotype of Halopteris vervoorti Galea, 2008, and their possible taxonomic status (L stands for length, Φ for diameter, Ho and He for homo- and heteromerous, respectively, and Ha., He. and A. for Halopteris, Heterotheca and Antennella, respectively)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF726630FF992C01FF7E8875FB436C43" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" tableUuid="DF726630FF992C01FF7E8875FB436C43">4</tableCitation>
|
||
). The reexamination of extant specimens, the availability of newly-collected materials, as well as modern, molecular approaches are expected to gradually solve the intricacies of this species group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[831,1437,258,2075]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
||
A sample provisionally identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[1260,1430,636,659]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1260,1430,636,659]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, originating from the Mediterranean, was first used in a molecular phylogeny by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Leclere L. & Schuchert P. & Manuel M." box="[1088,1299,698,721]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="371 - 394" refId="ref27552" refString="Leclere L., Schuchert P., Manuel M. 2007. Phylogeny of the Plumularioidea (Hydrozoa, Leptothecata): evolution of colonial organization and life cycle. Zoologica Scripta 36: 371 - 394." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Leclère
|
||
<emphasis box="[1171,1222,698,721]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.The voucher specimen used in that work (MHNG-INVE-30117, data in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[863,994,761,784]" captionStart="Appendix 2" captionStartId="37.[148,259,558,581]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Appendix 2. Sample data used for the molecular analyses. GenBank numbers in bold are new sequences. nd = no data." pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Appendix 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) was re-examined for the purpose this study. The single cormoid is sterile and thus not reliably identifiable. It resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2008" box="[1103,1234,824,847]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1103,1234,824,847]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. vervoorti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, notably in having pairs of axillar nemathothecae associated to the cauline hydrothecae. More and especially fertile material is needed for a correct identification, as it likely belongs to an as yet undescribed species, according to the 16S data (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[839,905,982,1005]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="30.[151,183,1941,1962]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,939,1919]" captionTargetId="graphics-311@30.[151,1436,881,1926]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig 9. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of Halopterididae species obtained with RAxML (GTR + G + I model) based on 547 bp positions (after Gblock treatment) of the mitochondrial 16S gene. Node-support values are bootstrap values of 100 pseudoreplicates (shown only if> 70%). For more details, see text and Appendix 2. Highlighted in yellow boxes are species discussed in the text, boxed in grey are other species clades with more than one sample, which permit to assess the intraspecific divergences observed in this family." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590684" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590684/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[917,1040,982,1005]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/DQ855922" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">DQ855922</accessionNumber>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[831,1437,258,2075]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[831,1089,1013,1036]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis box="[831,1089,1013,1036]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Halopteris polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as presently understood, can be separated from its congeners [see list in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schuchert P." pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="2017" refId="ref28968" refString="Schuchert P. 2015. Halopteris Allman, 1877. In: Schuchert P. (2017). World Hydrozoa database." type="book chapter" year="2015">Schuchert (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
] through a series of morphological features. The following hydroids can be excluded
|
||
<emphasis box="[1243,1329,1108,1131]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">a priori</emphasis>
|
||
from the comparison, on the account of a series of diagnostic traits which separate them easily from the species discussed here:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[831,1437,258,2075]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
||
1) the fascicled habit of their stems [occasional in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Busk, 1852)" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[869,1168,1265,1288]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="campanula">
|
||
<emphasis box="[869,1021,1265,1288]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. campanula</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Busk G." box="[1034,1161,1265,1288]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1846 - 1850" refId="ref26399" refString="Busk G. 1852. An account of the Polyzoa and sertularian zoophytes collected in the voyage of the " Rattlesnake " on the coast of Australia and the Louisiade Archipelago, etc. (pp. 343 - 402). In: Macgillivray J. (ed). Narrative of the voyage of H. M. S. Rattlesnake commanded by the late Captain O. Stanley, R. N., F. R. S. etc., during the years 1846 - 1850. Vol. 1. Boone T. & W., London, 402 pp." type="book chapter" year="1852">Busk, 1852</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, common in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Stechow, 1923)" baseAuthorityName="Stechow" baseAuthorityYear="1923" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="valdiviae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1306,1436,1265,1288]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. valdiviae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stechow E." box="[877,1041,1296,1319]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref29086" refString="Stechow E. 1923. Neue Hydroiden der Deutschen Tiefsee- Expedition, nebst Bemerkungen uber einige andre Formen. Zoologischer Anzeiger 56 (1 - 2): 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1923">Stechow, 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
];
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[831,1437,258,2075]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
||
2) their cladia arranged in opposite pairs [
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Johnston, 1833)" baseAuthorityName="Johnston" baseAuthorityYear="1833" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="catharina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1298,1437,1328,1351]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. catharina</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Johnston G." box="[877,1061,1359,1382]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="497 - 499" refId="ref27382" refString="Johnston G. 1833. Illustrations in British Zoology (15. Plumularia catharina). Magazine of Natural History 6: 497 - 499." type="journal article" year="1833">Johnston, 1833</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Nutting, 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1097,1432,1359,1382]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="clarkei">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1097,1222,1359,1382]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. clarkei</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nutting C. C." box="[1253,1424,1359,1382]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 285" refId="ref28108" refString="Nutting C. C. 1900. American hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. Special Bulletin of the United States National Museum 4 (1): 1 - 285." type="journal article" year="1900">Nutting, 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Galea, 2006" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2006" box="[869,1111,1391,1414]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="enersis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[869,976,1391,1414]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. enersis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Galea H. R." box="[981,1111,1391,1414]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="57 - 68" refId="ref26816" refString="Galea H. R. 2006. On two new species of Halopteris Allman, 1877 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Chile. Zootaxa 1165: 57 - 68." type="journal article" year="2006">Galea, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Millard, 1962" authorityName="Millard" authorityYear="1962" box="[1120,1432,1391,1414]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="gemellipara">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1120,1280,1391,1414]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. gemellipara</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Millard N. A. H." box="[1285,1432,1391,1414]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="261 - 319" refId="ref27779" refString="Millard N. A. H. 1962. The Hydrozoa of the south and west coasts of South Africa. Part I. The Plumulariidae. Annals of the South African Museum 46 (11): 261 - 319." type="journal article" year="1962">Millard, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Allman, 1877)" baseAuthorityName="Allman" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[869,1177,1422,1445]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="geminata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[869,1002,1422,1445]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. geminata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Allman G. J." box="[1017,1169,1422,1445]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref25915" refString="Allman G. J. 1877. Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream by L. F. de Pourtales, Assistant United States Coast Survey. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 5 (2): 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1877">Allman, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Mulder & Trebilcock, 1911)" baseAuthorityName="Mulder & Trebilcock" baseAuthorityYear="1911" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="opposita">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1188,1314,1422,1445]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. opposita</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mulder J. F. & Trebilcock R. E." pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="115 - 124" refId="ref28066" refString="Mulder J. F., Trebilcock R. E. 1911. Notes on Victorian Hydroida, with description of new species. (Continued). Geelong Naturalist (2) 4 (4): 115 - 124." type="journal article" year="1911">Mulder & Trebilcock, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Pictet, 1893)" baseAuthorityName="Pictet" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[1085,1432,1454,1477]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="plagiocampa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1085,1264,1454,1477]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. plagiocampa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pictet C." box="[1285,1424,1454,1477]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref28297" refString="Pictet C. 1893. Etude sur les Hydraires de la Baie d'Amboine. Revue suisse de Zoologie 1: 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1893">Pictet, 1893</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Vervoort & Watson, 2003" authorityName="Vervoort & Watson" authorityYear="2003" box="[869,1298,1485,1508]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="prominens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[869,1014,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. prominens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vervoort W. & Watson J. E." box="[1020,1298,1485,1508]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 538" refId="ref29439" refString="Vervoort W., Watson J. E. 2003. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 119: 1 - 538." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort & Watson, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
];
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[831,1437,258,2075]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
||
3) their gutter-shaped hydrothecae [
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Mulder & Trebilcock, 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Mulder & Trebilcock" baseAuthorityYear="1909" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="everta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1235,1338,1517,1540]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. everta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mulder J. F. & Trebilcock R. E." pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="29 - 35" refId="ref28028" refString="Mulder J. F., Trebilcock R. E. 1909. Notes on Victorian Hydroida, with description of new species. Geelong Naturalist (2) 4 (1): 29 - 35." type="journal article" year="1909">Mulder & Trebilcock, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], or 4) their hydrothecae divided by internal septa [
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Billard, 1911)" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1071,1432,1580,1603]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="diaphragmata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1071,1258,1580,1603]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. diaphragmata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." box="[1276,1424,1580,1603]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="62 - 71" refId="ref26241" refString="Billard A. 1911. Note preliminaire sur les especes nouvelles de Plumulariidae de l'Expedition du Siboga. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale (5) 8: 62 - 71." type="journal article" year="1911">Billard, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Billard, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[869,1138,1611,1634]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="jedani">
|
||
<emphasis box="[869,969,1611,1634]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. jedani</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." box="[983,1130,1611,1634]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], or
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[831,1437,258,2075]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
||
5) provided with either an abaxial cusp (
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Millard, 1975" authorityName="Millard" authorityYear="1975" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="rostrata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1312,1436,1642,1665]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. rostrata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Millard N. A. H." box="[869,1018,1674,1697]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 513" refId="ref27821" refString="Millard N. A. H. 1975. Monograph on the Hydroida of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 68: 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[831,1437,258,2075]" box="[831,1395,1705,1728]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
||
6) a longitudinal carina (
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Allman, 1877" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1877" box="[1104,1383,1705,1728]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="carinata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1104,1227,1705,1728]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. carinata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Allman G. J." box="[1232,1383,1705,1728]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref25915" refString="Allman G. J. 1877. Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream by L. F. de Pourtales, Assistant United States Coast Survey. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 5 (2): 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1877">Allman, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[831,1437,258,2075]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
||
7) the presence of two pairs of lateral nematothecae (
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Vervoort, 1966" authorityName="Vervoort" authorityYear="1966" box="[878,1224,1768,1791]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="infundibulum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[878,1053,1768,1791]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. infundibulum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vervoort W." box="[1059,1224,1768,1791]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="97 - 174" refId="ref29348" refString="Vervoort W. 1966. Bathyal and abyssal hydroids. Scientific Results of the Danish Deep-Sea Expedition 1950 - 1952. Galathea Report 8: 97 - 174." type="book chapter" year="1966">Vervoort, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[831,1437,258,2075]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
||
As to the remaining species, their differences to
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[831,993,1831,1854]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis box="[831,993,1831,1854]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are summarized in Appendix 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[831,1437,258,2075]" lastBlockId="9.[151,756,258,857]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Among them, according to the phylogenetic tree shown in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[831,893,1894,1917]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="30.[151,183,1941,1962]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,939,1919]" captionTargetId="graphics-311@30.[151,1436,881,1926]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig 9. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of Halopterididae species obtained with RAxML (GTR + G + I model) based on 547 bp positions (after Gblock treatment) of the mitochondrial 16S gene. Node-support values are bootstrap values of 100 pseudoreplicates (shown only if> 70%). For more details, see text and Appendix 2. Highlighted in yellow boxes are species discussed in the text, boxed in grey are other species clades with more than one sample, which permit to assess the intraspecific divergences observed in this family." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5590684" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5590684/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[907,1069,1894,1917]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis box="[907,1069,1894,1917]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comes close to
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Schuchert, 1997" authorityName="Schuchert" authorityYear="1997" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="platygonotheca">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1239,1436,1894,1917]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">H. platygonotheca</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schuchert P." box="[831,1016,1926,1949]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Besides notable differences in their respective female gonothecae (pear-shaped in the former, and conspicuously laterally-flattened in the latter), their trophosomes display several common characters: 1) their stem internodes are long and provided with several nematothecae distal to the hydrothecae [commonly 2-3 (but up to 5 possible) in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[475,640,290,313]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis box="[475,640,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">H. polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and from 1 (sample MHNG-INVE-97943) to 1-3 (sample HRG- 1288) in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schuchert" authorityYear="1997" box="[251,449,354,377]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="platygonotheca">
|
||
<emphasis box="[251,449,354,377]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">H. platygonotheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]; 2) the occurrence (regular in the former and occasional in the latter) of an axillar nematotheca behind the cauline hydrothecae; 3) their cladial ahydrothecate internodes are long; 4) the apophyses supporting their lateral nematothecae are inconspicuous, and the thecae themselves do not reach the hydrothecal rim.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,756,258,857]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Taken together, the previous supposed morphological variability of, and the implicit difficulty in establishing a specific limitation in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Billard" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[408,572,642,665]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Stypocaulaceae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Chromista" order="Sphacelariales" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis box="[408,572,642,665]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">H. polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are now solved through the discovery of additional records in perfect agreement with the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[377,475,706,729]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schuchert P." pageId="9" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref28947" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. It is concluded that
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." box="[466,640,738,761]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard’s (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
species is well-characterized and morphologically homogenous, as illustrated with the present material belonging to various geographically-distant Indonesian populations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,756,881,1064]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,302,881,904]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Scattered records from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[593,701,881,904]" name="Indonesia" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis box="[719,749,881,904]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">viz</emphasis>
|
||
. off
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[195,321,913,936]" country="Indonesia" name="Kalimantan Utara" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Kalimantan</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Billard A." box="[342,494,913,936]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref26274" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Stn." authorityName="Stn." box="[512,643,913,936]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Siboga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[512,587,913,936]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Siboga</emphasis>
|
||
Stn.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
80),
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[711,756,913,936]" country="Indonesia" name="Bali" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Bali</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[196,276,945,968]" name="Indonesia" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Ambon</collectingCountry>
|
||
(present study), Bunaken National Park (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Di Camillo C. G. & Bavestrello G. & Valisano L. & Puce S." pageId="9" pageNumber="30" pagination="1589 - 1599" refId="ref26767" refString="Di Camillo C. G., Bavestrello G., Valisano L., Puce S. 2008. Spatial and temporal distribution in a tropical hydroid assemblage. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88 (8): 1589 - 1599." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Di Camillo
|
||
<emphasis box="[247,298,977,1000]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; present study). Also occurring in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[151,188,1009,1032]" name="Fiji" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ryland J. S. & Gibbons M. J." box="[204,483,1009,1032]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" pagination="525 - 560" refId="ref28906" refString="Ryland J. S., Gibbons M. J. 1991. Intertidal and shallow water hydroids from Fiji. II. Plumulariidae and Aglaopheniidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 30 (3): 525 - 560." type="journal article" year="1991">Ryland & Gibbons, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A doubtful record from
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[151,280,1041,1064]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[289,387,1041,1064]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pennycuik P. R." box="[401,585,1041,1064]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" pagination="141 - 210" refId="ref28257" refString="Pennycuik P. R. 1959. Marine and brackish water hydroids. In: Faunistic records from Queensland. Part V. University of Queensland Papers, Department of Zoology 1 (6): 141 - 210." type="journal article" year="1959">Pennycuik, 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |