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<document id="497BE0F82FD791D6EA18C6387B3878AD" ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00875.x" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5292273" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630053719600" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Reid, David G., Aravind, Neelavara Ananthram &amp; Madhyastha, Neelavara Ananthram" docDate="2013" docId="038A87FB1935017F9B1EFA12E0E2FEB3" docLanguage="en" docName="zoj875.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 167 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00875.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37.3:ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Cremnoconchus agumbensis Reid &amp; Aravind &amp; Madhyastha 2013, SP. NOV." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="124" masterDocId="FFB3FF83192901609877FFA5E32EFFC6" masterDocTitle="A unique radiation of marine littorinid snails in the freshwater streams of the Western Ghats of India: the genus Cremnoconchus W. T. Blanford, 1869 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae)" masterLastPageNumber="135" masterPageNumber="93" pageNumber="121" updateTime="1699140868359" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="9BA8E92712BBB451D6781A4B12C4A56C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="90C47455353F3B62CFB1DF6ABCC0B077">A unique radiation of marine littorinid snails in the freshwater streams of the Western Ghats of India: the genus Cremnoconchus W. T. Blanford, 1869 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CBA0505A2F12124B0ED27F1F0414AC88">Reid, David G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EF39A762FD1C2AF53CE329D81070CC7F">Aravind, Neelavara Ananthram</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9768BDDFDFAE07BA54579B16EF1D15D1">Madhyastha, Neelavara Ananthram</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="FED12F1EAB12BDA14B32CFD1EDF7B3AA">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8B21D3DD78ADA1EB80782F5B4ECCF40C">2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="24DE4944524130B19C2E60F523C28766" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="ADADD5435C693128A46D2CA263E2EEDA">2013-01-18</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="BE989E7C1BA4568B8CB77129BD2EE488" type="volume">
<mods:number id="A5C950D0B1092B3A88F648A5CDD46207">167</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="A2EA1D80B2E7BEB5E3189033C96025E3">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00875.x</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="6F17F50D4BFB9DFC8A0AC392D68B0A64" type="DOI">10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00875.x</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8785BD881DA9EBF7F879906F7A83D857" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7B26592363543E4858C1EA0BB01185F0" type="Zenodo-Dep">5292273</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038A87FB1935017F9B1EFA12E0E2FEB3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A87FB1935017F9B1EFA12E0E2FEB3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A87FB1935017F9B1EFA12E0E2FEB3" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="28" pageNumber="121">
<subSubSection id="C33965661935017C9B1EFA12E665FA0A" box="[873,1355,1463,1484]" pageId="28" pageNumber="121" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9C36ED1935017C9B1EFA12E665FA0A" blockId="28.[818,1409,1463,1516]" box="[873,1355,1463,1484]" pageId="28" pageNumber="121">
<heading id="D0D481811935017C9B1EFA12E665FA0A" box="[873,1355,1463,1484]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="121" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D6E1935017C9B1EFA12E7F1FA0D" ID-CoL="ZBZX" authority="Reid &amp; Aravind &amp; Madhyastha, 2013" authorityName="Reid &amp; Aravind &amp; Madhyastha" authorityYear="2013" box="[873,1247,1463,1484]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Cremnoconchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="28" pageNumber="124" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="agumbensis" status="sp. nov.">CREMNOCONCHUS AGUMBENSIS</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B957EAFF1935017C9C9FFA1FE665FA0A" bold="true" box="[1256,1355,1463,1484]" pageId="28" pageNumber="121">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26457841935017C9C9FFA1FE665FA0A" box="[1256,1355,1463,1484]" pageId="28" pageNumber="121" rank="species">SP. NOV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33965661935017F9B45FA72E0E2FEB3" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="28" pageNumber="121" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9C36ED1935017C9B45FA72E6AFFA2A" blockId="28.[818,1409,1463,1516]" box="[818,1409,1494,1516]" pageId="28" pageNumber="121">
(
<figureCitation id="13182A681935017C9B4DFA72E0B2FA2A" box="[826,924,1495,1516]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[144,223,1558,1577]" captionTargetBox="[144,1425,195,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-0@12.[144,1425,195,1528]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Microsculpture of Cremnoconchus species (viewed by SEM). A, C. dwarakii, Hulikal Ghat, Udupi Dist., Karnataka. B, C. syhadrensis, Matheran, Raigad Dist., Maharashtra. C, C. syhadrensis, Khandala, Pune Dist., Maharashtra. D, C. conicus, 44 km west of Bhor, Pune Dist., Maharashtra. E, C. conicus, 6 km west of Mahabaleshwar, Satara Dist., Maharashtra. F, C. globulus, Lesser Kadambi Falls, Chikmagalur Dist., Karnataka. G, C. cingulatus, Hulikal Ghat, Udupi Dist., Karnataka. H, C. agumbensis, Agumbe, Udupi Dist., Karnataka. I, C. canaliculatus, 10 km west of Mahabaleshwar, Raigad Dist., Maharashtra. J, C. canaliculatus, Dongarwadi, Tamhini, Pune Dist., Maharashtra. K, C. canaliculatus, 5 km south of Mahabaleshwar, Satara Dist., Maharashtra. L, C. castanea, Belkal Thirtha Falls, Udupi Dist., Karnataka. M, C. castanea, Arasinagundi Falls, Udupi Dist., Karnataka. N, C. hanumani, Greater Kadambi Falls, Chikmagalur Dist., Karnataka. O, C. hanumani, Hanuman Gundi Falls, Chikmagalur Dist., Karnataka." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5292283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5292283/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="121">FIGS 4H</figureCitation>
, 5M, N, 8, 11M–P, 13C, D, 14A–C, 16E)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36ED1935017C9B51FA5BE65EF9A9" blockId="28.[806,1421,1533,1647]" pageId="28" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B957EAFF1935017C9B51FA5BE042F9D5" box="[806,876,1534,1555]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="121">Types:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B4B3CB01935017C9B09FA58E65EF9A9" collectionCode="ZSI, WGRS" country="India" county="Udupi Dist." latitude="13.49342" location="Someshwara" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="75.07783" municipality="Agumbe" pageId="28" pageNumber="121" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Karnataka" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="5498884F1935017C9B09FA58E0CAF9D5" box="[894,996,1533,1555]" pageId="28" pageNumber="121" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED32AE281935017C9B81FA58E730F9D4" box="[1014,1054,1533,1554]" pageId="28" pageNumber="121">ZSI</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode id="ED32AE281935017C9C51FA58E75AF9D4" box="[1062,1140,1533,1554]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z6tk-8dmw" name="Western Ghat Regional Station of the Zoological Survey of India at Calicut" pageId="28" pageNumber="121">WGRS</collectionCode>
/IR.INV-2313 (Fig. 11M, N);
<specimenCount id="9D25FD641935017C9B10F9B9E72DF9F7" box="[871,1027,1564,1585]" pageId="28" pageNumber="121" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">2 paratypes</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="ED32AE281935017C9C57F9B9E766F9F7" box="[1056,1096,1564,1585]" pageId="28" pageNumber="121">ZSI</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode id="ED32AE281935017C9C26F9B9E78EF9F7" box="[1105,1184,1564,1585]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z6tk-8dmw" name="Western Ghat Regional Station of the Zoological Survey of India at Calicut" pageId="28" pageNumber="121">WGRS</collectionCode>
/IR.INV-2314, 2315 (Fig. 11O, P);
<location id="8EFC60361935017C9BA6F99FE74DF996" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A87FB1935017F9B1EFA12E0E2FEB3:8EFC60361935017C9BA6F99FE74DF996" box="[977,1123,1594,1616]" country="India" county="Udupi Dist." latitude="13.49342" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="75.07783" municipality="Agumbe" name="Someshwara" pageId="28" pageNumber="121" stateProvince="Karnataka">Someshwara</location>
to
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF8AC971935017C9CE5F99FE7DEF996" box="[1170,1264,1594,1616]" pageId="28" pageNumber="121">Agumbe</collectingMunicipality>
road,
<collectingCounty id="62FD4E611935017C9D31F99FE04EF9A9" pageId="28" pageNumber="121">Udupi Dist.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion id="49E7F80F1935017C9B19F9FCE0C3F9A9" box="[878,1005,1625,1647]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="28" pageNumber="121">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F334767D1935017C9B8DF9FCE719F9A9" box="[1018,1079,1625,1647]" name="India" pageId="28" pageNumber="121">India</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE17502A1935017C9C3FF9FCE7FFF9A8" box="[1096,1233,1625,1646]" degrees="13.49342" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="121" precision="1" value="13.49342">13.49342°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE17502A1935017C9CA9F9FCE64AF9A9" box="[1246,1380,1625,1647]" degrees="75.07783" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="121" precision="1" value="75.07783">75.07783°E</geoCoordinate>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36ED1935017C9B51F939E799F974" blockId="28.[806,1207,1692,1714]" box="[806,1207,1692,1714]" pageId="28" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B957EAFF1935017C9B51F939E08AF977" box="[806,932,1692,1713]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="121">Etymology:</emphasis>
From the
<typeStatus id="5498884F1935017C9C53F939E77BF977" box="[1060,1109,1692,1713]" pageId="28" pageNumber="121">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36ED1935017C9B51F97AE622F8A8" blockId="28.[806,1421,1758,1903]" pageId="28" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B957EAFF1935017C9B51F97AE0B3F932" box="[806,925,1759,1780]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="121">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Shell high turbinate, shoulder angled or with rib; pseudumbilicus absent; surface dull, with strong microstriae. Operculum calcified, no internal ridge. Penis large, with distal glandular thickening, stout filament. Western
<collectingRegion id="49E7F80F1935017C9C35F8FCE626F8A8" box="[1090,1288,1881,1903]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="28" pageNumber="121">Karnataka State</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5C66651934017D98E7FD26E42FFD5E" box="[144,1793,643,664]" pageId="29" pageNumber="122" startId="29.[144,208,643,664]">
<paragraph id="8B9C36ED1934017D98E7FD26E42FFD5E" blockId="29.[144,1793,643,664]" box="[144,1793,643,664]" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="B957EAFF1934017D98E7FD26E3C7FD5E" bold="true" box="[144,233,643,664]" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Table 4.</emphasis>
Diagnostic features of
<taxonomicName id="4C234D6E1934017D999FFD26E1DAFD5E" authorityName="Reid &amp; Aravind &amp; Madhyastha" authorityYear="2013" box="[488,756,643,664]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Cremnoconchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="122" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dwarakii">
<emphasis id="B957EAFF1934017D999FFD26E1DAFD5E" box="[488,756,643,664]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Cremnoconchus dwarakii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C234D6E1934017D9B73FD26E0B2FD5E" authorityName="Reid &amp; Aravind &amp; Madhyastha" authorityYear="2013" box="[772,924,643,664]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Cremnoconchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="122" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="agumbensis">
<emphasis id="B957EAFF1934017D9B73FD26E0B2FD5E" box="[772,924,643,664]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">C. agumbensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C234D6E1934017D9BDCFD26E70DFD5E" authorityName="Reid &amp; Aravind &amp; Madhyastha" authorityYear="2013" box="[939,1059,643,664]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Cremnoconchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="122" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castanea">
<emphasis id="B957EAFF1934017D9BDCFD26E70DFD5E" box="[939,1059,643,664]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">C. castanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C234D6E1934017D9C45FD26E793FD5E" authorityName="Reid &amp; Aravind &amp; Madhyastha" authorityYear="2013" box="[1074,1213,643,664]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Cremnoconchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="122" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cingulatus">
<emphasis id="B957EAFF1934017D9C45FD26E793FD5E" box="[1074,1213,643,664]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">C. cingulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C234D6E1934017D9CBBFD26E66CFD5E" authorityName="Reid &amp; Aravind &amp; Madhyastha" authorityYear="2013" box="[1228,1346,643,664]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Cremnoconchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="122" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="globulus">
<emphasis id="B957EAFF1934017D9CBBFD26E66CFD5E" box="[1228,1346,643,664]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">C. globulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C234D6E1934017D9DF6FD26E525FD5E" authorityName="Reid &amp; Aravind &amp; Madhyastha" authorityYear="2013" box="[1409,1547,643,664]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Cremnoconchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="122" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hanumani">
<emphasis id="B957EAFF1934017D9DF6FD26E525FD5E" box="[1409,1547,643,664]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">C. hanumani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in western Karnataka
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9C36ED1934017D98E7FD18E527FA6B" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">
<table id="F923C44D1934FE9F98E7FD18E41AFA6B" box="[144,1844,701,1453]" gridcols="7" gridrows="25" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">
<tr id="351334AF1934FE9F98E7FD18E41AFD14" box="[144,1844,701,722]" gridrow="0" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">
<th id="76C25DD31934FE9F98E7FD18E218FD14" box="[144,310,701,722]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Character</th>
<th id="76C25DD31934FE9F9921FD18E117FD14" box="[342,569,701,722]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D6E1934017D9921FD18E2FCFD14" authorityName="Reid &amp; Aravind &amp; Madhyastha" authorityYear="2013" box="[342,466,701,722]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Cremnoconchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="122" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dwarakii">
<emphasis id="B957EAFF1934017D9921FD18E2FCFD14" box="[342,466,701,722]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">C. dwarakii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76C25DD31934FE9F9A2DFD18E06BFD14" box="[602,837,701,722]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D6E1934017D9A2DFD18E1DCFD14" authorityName="Reid &amp; Aravind &amp; Madhyastha" authorityYear="2013" box="[602,754,701,722]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Cremnoconchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="122" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="agumbensis">
<emphasis id="B957EAFF1934017D9A2DFD18E1DCFD14" box="[602,754,701,722]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">C. agumbensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76C25DD31934FE9F9B12FD18E77EFD14" box="[869,1104,701,722]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D6E1934017D9B12FD18E0F3FD14" authorityName="Reid &amp; Aravind &amp; Madhyastha" authorityYear="2013" box="[869,989,701,722]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Cremnoconchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="122" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castanea">
<emphasis id="B957EAFF1934017D9B12FD18E0F3FD14" box="[869,989,701,722]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">C. castanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76C25DD31934FE9F9C07FD18E663FD14" box="[1136,1357,701,722]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D6E1934017D9C07FD18E7D5FD14" authorityName="Reid &amp; Aravind &amp; Madhyastha" authorityYear="2013" box="[1136,1275,701,722]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Cremnoconchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="122" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cingulatus">
<emphasis id="B957EAFF1934017D9C07FD18E7D5FD14" box="[1136,1275,701,722]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">C. cingulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76C25DD31934FE9F9D1AFD18E517FD14" box="[1389,1593,701,722]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D6E1934017D9D1AFD18E6CDFD14" authorityName="Reid &amp; Aravind &amp; Madhyastha" authorityYear="2013" box="[1389,1507,701,722]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Cremnoconchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="122" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="globulus">
<emphasis id="B957EAFF1934017D9D1AFD18E6CDFD14" box="[1389,1507,701,722]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">C. globulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76C25DD31934FE9F9E2EFD18E41AFD14" box="[1625,1844,701,722]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D6E1934017D9E2EFD18E5CDFD14" authorityName="Reid &amp; Aravind &amp; Madhyastha" authorityYear="2013" box="[1625,1763,701,722]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Cremnoconchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="122" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hanumani">
<emphasis id="B957EAFF1934017D9E2EFD18E5CDFD14" box="[1625,1763,701,722]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">C. hanumani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="351334AF1934FE9F98E7FD52E41AFCCA" box="[144,1844,759,780]" gridrow="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">
<th id="76C25DD31934FE9F98E7FD52E218FCCA" box="[144,310,759,780]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Shell shape</th>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9921FD52E117FCCA" box="[342,569,759,780]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Turbinate</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9A2DFD52E06BFCCA" box="[602,837,759,780]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">High turbinate</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9B12FD52E77EFCCA" box="[869,1104,759,780]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Turbinate</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9C07FD52E663FCCA" box="[1136,1357,759,780]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Globular</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9D1AFD52E517FCCA" box="[1389,1593,759,780]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Globular</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9E2EFD52E41AFCCA" box="[1625,1844,759,780]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Turbinate to</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351334AF1934FE9F98E7FCB1E41AFCEF" box="[144,1844,788,809]" gridrow="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="122" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9921FCB1E117FCEF" box="[342,569,788,809]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">(Fig. 11BB–EE)</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9A2DFCB1E06BFCEF" box="[602,837,788,809]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">(Fig. 11M–P)</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9B12FCB1E77EFCEF" box="[869,1104,788,809]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">(Fig. 11V–AA)</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9C07FCB1E663FCEF" box="[1136,1357,788,809]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">(Fig. 11Q–U)</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9D1AFCB1E517FCEF" box="[1389,1593,788,809]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">(Fig. 11H–L)</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9E2EFCB1E41AFCEF" box="[1625,1844,788,809]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">globular</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351334AF1934FE9F98E7FC94E41AFC80" box="[144,1844,817,838]" gridrow="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="122" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9E2EFC94E41AFC80" box="[1625,1844,817,838]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">(Fig. 11A–G)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351334AF1934FE9F98E7FCEBE41AFCA5" box="[144,1844,846,867]" gridrow="4" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">
<th id="76C25DD31934FE9F98E7FCEBE218FCA5" box="[144,310,846,867]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Shell ribs</th>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9921FCEBE117FCA5" box="[342,569,846,867]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">8–11 (including base)</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9A2DFCEBE06BFCA5" box="[602,837,846,867]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">0 or 1 (strong</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9B12FCEBE77EFCA5" box="[869,1104,846,867]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">0</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9C07FCEBE663FCA5" box="[1136,1357,846,867]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">1 on base</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9D1AFCEBE517FCA5" box="[1389,1593,846,867]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">0</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9E2EFCEBE41AFCA5" box="[1625,1844,846,867]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351334AF1934FE9F98E7FCC9E41AFC47" box="[144,1844,876,897]" gridrow="5" pageId="29" pageNumber="122" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9A2DFCC9E06BFC47" box="[602,837,876,897]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">shoulder angle)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351334AF1934FE9F98E7FC2CE41AFC58" box="[144,1844,905,926]" gridrow="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">
<th id="76C25DD31934FE9F98E7FC2CE218FC58" box="[144,310,905,926]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Columella</th>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9921FC2CE117FC58" box="[342,569,905,926]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Narrow</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9A2DFC2CE06BFC58" box="[602,837,905,926]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Narrow</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9B12FC2CE77EFC58" box="[869,1104,905,926]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Narrow</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9C07FC2CE663FC58" box="[1136,1357,905,926]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Narrow</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9D1AFC2CE517FC58" box="[1389,1593,905,926]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Moderate</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9E2EFC2CE41AFC58" box="[1625,1844,905,926]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Narrow</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351334AF1934FE9F98E7FC03E41AFC7D" box="[144,1844,934,955]" gridrow="7" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">
<th id="76C25DD31934FE9F98E7FC03E218FC7D" box="[144,310,934,955]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Pseudumbilicus</th>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9921FC03E117FC7D" box="[342,569,934,955]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Narrow, perforated</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9A2DFC03E06BFC7D" box="[602,837,934,955]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Absent</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9B12FC03E77EFC7D" box="[869,1104,934,955]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Wide, perforated</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9C07FC03E663FC7D" box="[1136,1357,934,955]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Narrow, perforated</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9D1AFC03E517FC7D" box="[1389,1593,934,955]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Moderate,</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9E2EFC03E41AFC7D" box="[1625,1844,934,955]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Broad, not</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351334AF1934FE9F98E7FC66E41AFC1E" box="[144,1844,963,984]" gridrow="8" pageId="29" pageNumber="122" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9D1AFC66E517FC1E" box="[1389,1593,963,984]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">sometimes</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9E2EFC66E41AFC1E" box="[1625,1844,963,984]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">perforated</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351334AF1934FE9F98E7FC44E41AFC30" box="[144,1844,993,1014]" gridrow="9" pageId="29" pageNumber="122" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-6="1">
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9D1AFC44E517FC30" box="[1389,1593,993,1014]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">perforated</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351334AF1934FE9F98E7FC5BE41AFBD5" box="[144,1844,1022,1043]" gridrow="10" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">
<th id="76C25DD31934FE9F98E7FC5BE218FBD5" box="[144,310,1022,1043]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Shell surface</th>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9921FC5BE117FBD5" box="[342,569,1022,1043]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Dull; fine strong</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9A2DFC5BE06BFBD5" box="[602,837,1022,1043]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Dull; strong</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9B12FC5BE77EFBD5" box="[869,1104,1022,1043]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Indistinct or strong</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9C07FC5BE663FBD5" box="[1136,1357,1022,1043]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Satin sheen;</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9D1AFC5BE517FBD5" box="[1389,1593,1022,1043]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Satin sheen;</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9E2EFC5BE41AFBD5" box="[1625,1844,1022,1043]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Satin sheen; faint</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351334AF1934FE9F98E7FBBEE41AFBF6" box="[144,1844,1051,1072]" gridrow="11" pageId="29" pageNumber="122" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9921FBBEE117FBF6" box="[342,569,1051,1072]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">microstriae</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9A2DFBBEE06BFBF6" box="[602,837,1051,1072]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">microstriae</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9B12FBBEE77EFBF6" box="[869,1104,1051,1072]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">microstriae</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9C07FBBEE663FBF6" box="[1136,1357,1051,1072]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">indistinct or</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9D1AFBBEE517FBF6" box="[1389,1593,1051,1072]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">microstriae</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9E2EFBBEE41AFBF6" box="[1625,1844,1051,1072]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">microstriae</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351334AF1934FE9F98E7FB9DE41AFB88" box="[144,1844,1080,1102]" gridrow="12" pageId="29" pageNumber="122" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9921FB9DE117FB88" box="[342,569,1080,1102]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">(Fig. 4A)</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9A2DFB9DE06BFB88" box="[602,837,1080,1102]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">(Fig. 4H)</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9B12FB9DE77EFB88" box="[869,1104,1080,1102]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">(Fig. 4M)</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9C07FB9DE663FB88" box="[1136,1357,1080,1102]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">absent microstriae</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9D1AFB9DE517FB88" box="[1389,1593,1080,1102]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">absent (Fig. 4F)</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9E2EFB9DE41AFB88" box="[1625,1844,1080,1102]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">(Fig. 4N)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351334AF1934FE9F98E7FBF3E41AFBAD" box="[144,1844,1110,1131]" gridrow="13" pageId="29" pageNumber="122" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9C07FBF3E663FBAD" box="[1136,1357,1110,1131]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">(Fig. 4G)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351334AF1934FE9F98E7FBD6E41AFB4E" box="[144,1844,1139,1160]" gridrow="14" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">
<th id="76C25DD31934FE9F98E7FBD6E218FB4E" box="[144,310,1139,1160]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Operculum</th>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9921FBD6E117FB4E" box="[342,569,1139,1160]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Weakly calcified, no</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9A2DFBD6E06BFB4E" box="[602,837,1139,1160]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Calcified, no internal</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9B12FBD6E77EFB4E" box="[869,1104,1139,1160]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Calcified, internal</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9C07FBD6E663FB4E" box="[1136,1357,1139,1160]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Weakly calcified,</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9D1AFBD6E517FB4E" box="[1389,1593,1139,1160]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Weakly calcified,</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9E2EFBD6E41AFB4E" box="[1625,1844,1139,1160]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Weakly calcified,</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351334AF1934FE9F98E7FB35E41AFB63" box="[144,1844,1168,1189]" gridrow="15" pageId="29" pageNumber="122" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9921FB35E117FB63" box="[342,569,1168,1189]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">internal ridge</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9A2DFB35E06BFB63" box="[602,837,1168,1189]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">ridge (Fig. 5M, N)</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9B12FB35E77EFB63" box="[869,1104,1168,1189]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">ridge (Fig. 5Q, R)</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9C07FB35E663FB63" box="[1136,1357,1168,1189]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">no internal</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9D1AFB35E517FB63" box="[1389,1593,1168,1189]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">no internal ridge</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9E2EFB35E41AFB63" box="[1625,1844,1168,1189]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">no internal ridge</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351334AF1934FE9F98E7FB0BE41AFB05" box="[144,1844,1198,1219]" gridrow="16" pageId="29" pageNumber="122" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9921FB0BE117FB05" box="[342,569,1198,1219]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">(Fig. 5C, D)</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9C07FB0BE663FB05" box="[1136,1357,1198,1219]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">ridge, concave</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9D1AFB0BE517FB05" box="[1389,1593,1198,1219]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">(Fig. 5K, L)</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9E2EFB0BE41AFB05" box="[1625,1844,1198,1219]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">(Fig. 5I, J)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351334AF1934FE9F98E7FB6EE41AFB26" box="[144,1844,1227,1248]" gridrow="17" pageId="29" pageNumber="122" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9C07FB6EE663FB26" box="[1136,1357,1227,1248]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">(Fig. 5O, P)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351334AF1934FE9F98E7FB4DE41AFB3B" box="[144,1844,1256,1277]" gridrow="18" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">
<th id="76C25DD31934FE9F98E7FB4DE218FB3B" box="[144,310,1256,1277]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Penis</th>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9921FB4DE117FB3B" box="[342,569,1256,1277]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">No drum-shaped</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9A2DFB4DE06BFB3B" box="[602,837,1256,1277]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Relatively large; no</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9B12FB4DE77EFB3B" box="[869,1104,1256,1277]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">Relatively large; no</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9C07FB4DE663FB3B" box="[1136,1357,1256,1277]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">No drum-shaped</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9D1AFB4DE517FB3B" box="[1389,1593,1256,1277]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">No drum-shaped</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9E2EFB4DE41AFB3B" box="[1625,1844,1256,1277]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">No drum-shaped</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351334AF1934FE9F98E7FAA0E41AFADC" box="[144,1844,1285,1306]" gridrow="19" pageId="29" pageNumber="122" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9921FAA0E117FADC" box="[342,569,1285,1306]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">gland; slight</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9A2DFAA0E06BFADC" box="[602,837,1285,1306]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">drum-shaped gland;</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9B12FAA0E77EFADC" box="[869,1104,1285,1306]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">drum-shaped gland;</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9C07FAA0E663FADC" box="[1136,1357,1285,1306]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">gland; distal</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9D1AFAA0E517FADC" box="[1389,1593,1285,1306]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">gland; lateral</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9E2EFAA0E41AFADC" box="[1625,1844,1285,1306]" gridcol="6" gridrow="19" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">gland; slight</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351334AF1934FE9F98E7FA86E41AFAFE" box="[144,1844,1315,1336]" gridrow="20" pageId="29" pageNumber="122" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9921FA86E117FAFE" box="[342,569,1315,1336]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">glandular flange;</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9A2DFA86E06BFAFE" box="[602,837,1315,1336]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">distal glandular</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9B12FA86E77EFAFE" box="[869,1104,1315,1336]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">distal glandular</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9C07FA86E663FAFE" box="[1136,1357,1315,1336]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">glandular</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9D1AFA86E517FAFE" box="[1389,1593,1315,1336]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">glandular</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9E2EFA86E41AFAFE" box="[1625,1844,1315,1336]" gridcol="6" gridrow="20" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">distal swelling;</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351334AF1934FE9F98E7FAE5E41AFA93" box="[144,1844,1344,1365]" gridrow="21" pageId="29" pageNumber="122" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9921FAE5E117FA93" box="[342,569,1344,1365]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">small invagination;</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9A2DFAE5E06BFA93" box="[602,837,1344,1365]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">thickening;</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9B12FAE5E77EFA93" box="[869,1104,1344,1365]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">pad; small</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9C07FAE5E663FA93" box="[1136,1357,1344,1365]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">pad; small</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9D1AFAE5E517FA93" box="[1389,1593,1344,1365]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">flange; small</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9E2EFAE5E41AFA93" box="[1625,1844,1344,1365]" gridcol="6" gridrow="21" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">deep invagination;</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351334AF1934FE9F98E7FAF8E41AFAB4" box="[144,1844,1373,1394]" gridrow="22" pageId="29" pageNumber="122" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9921FAF8E117FAB4" box="[342,569,1373,1394]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">slender filament</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9A2DFAF8E06BFAB4" box="[602,837,1373,1394]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">stout filament</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9B12FAF8E77EFAB4" box="[869,1104,1373,1394]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">invagination;</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9C07FAF8E663FAB4" box="[1136,1357,1373,1394]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">invagination;</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9D1AFAF8E517FAB4" box="[1389,1593,1373,1394]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">invagination;</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9E2EFAF8E41AFAB4" box="[1625,1844,1373,1394]" gridcol="6" gridrow="22" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">stout filament</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351334AF1934FE9F98E7FADFE41AFA49" box="[144,1844,1402,1423]" gridrow="23" pageId="29" pageNumber="122" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9921FADFE117FA49" box="[342,569,1402,1423]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">(Fig. 15E–I)</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9A2DFADFE06BFA49" box="[602,837,1402,1423]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">(Fig. 14A, B)</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9B12FADFE77EFA49" box="[869,1104,1402,1423]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">slender filament</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9C07FADFE663FA49" box="[1136,1357,1402,1423]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">slender filament</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9D1AFADFE517FA49" box="[1389,1593,1402,1423]" gridcol="5" gridrow="23" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">slender filament</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9E2EFADFE41AFA49" box="[1625,1844,1402,1423]" gridcol="6" gridrow="23" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">(Fig. 12A–G)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351334AF1934FE9F98E7FA3DE41AFA6B" box="[144,1844,1432,1453]" gridrow="24" pageId="29" pageNumber="122" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-6="1">
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9B12FA3DE77EFA6B" box="[869,1104,1432,1453]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">(Fig. 15A–D)</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9C07FA3DE663FA6B" box="[1136,1357,1432,1453]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">(Fig. 14D–I)</td>
<td id="76C25DD31934FE9F9D1AFA3DE517FA6B" box="[1389,1593,1432,1453]" gridcol="5" gridrow="24" pageId="29" pageNumber="122">(Fig. 12H–L)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5C66651937017E98E7F94DE230F8B7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5292299" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5292299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5292299/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="123" startId="30.[144,223,1768,1787]" targetBox="[208,1360,195,1738]" targetPageId="30">
<paragraph id="8B9C36ED1937017E98E7F94DE230F8B7" blockId="30.[144,1421,1768,1905]" pageId="30" pageNumber="123">
<emphasis id="B957EAFF1937017E98E7F94DE22BF93D" bold="true" box="[144,261,1768,1787]" pageId="30" pageNumber="123">Figure 13.</emphasis>
Radulae of
<taxonomicName id="4C234D6E1937017E99E7F94DE1A4F93D" box="[400,650,1768,1787]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Cremnoconchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="30" pageNumber="123" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B957EAFF1937017E99E7F94DE11BF93D" box="[400,565,1768,1787]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="123">Cremnoconchus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(two views of each radula, flat and at 45°). A, B,
<taxonomicName id="4C234D6E1937017E9CB6F94CE2D3F8DE" authority=", Lesser Kadambi Falls, Chikmagalur Dist." authorityName="Lesser Kadambi Falls, Chikmagalur Dist." class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Cremnoconchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="30" pageNumber="123" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="globulus">
<emphasis id="B957EAFF1937017E9CB6F94CE619F93D" box="[1217,1335,1768,1788]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="123">C. globulus</emphasis>
, Lesser Kadambi Falls, Chikmagalur Dist.
</taxonomicName>
, Karnataka (ZSI/WGRS; shell H = 7.4 mm). C, D,
<taxonomicName id="4C234D6E1937017E9C71F8A3E6A4F8DE" authority=", Agumbe, Udupi Dist." authorityName="Agumbe, Udupi Dist." box="[1030,1418,1797,1817]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Cremnoconchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="30" pageNumber="123" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="agumbensis">
<emphasis id="B957EAFF1937017E9C71F8A3E7B3F8DE" box="[1030,1181,1797,1817]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="123">C. agumbensis</emphasis>
, Agumbe, Udupi Dist.
</taxonomicName>
, Karnataka (ZSI/WGRS; shell H = 9.5 mm). E, F,
<taxonomicName id="4C234D6E1937017E9AC2F886E753F8F0" authority=", Hulikal Ghat, Udupi Dist." authorityName="Hulikal Ghat, Udupi Dist." box="[693,1149,1827,1846]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Cremnoconchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="30" pageNumber="123" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cingulatus">
<emphasis id="B957EAFF1937017E9AC2F886E06EF8F0" box="[693,832,1827,1846]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="123">C. cingulatus</emphasis>
, Hulikal Ghat, Udupi Dist.
</taxonomicName>
, Karnataka (ZSI/WGRS; shell H = 5.7 mm). G, H,
<taxonomicName id="4C234D6E1937017E99EBF8E5E052F895" authority=", Arasinagundi Falls, Udupi Dist." authorityName="Arasinagundi Falls, Udupi Dist." box="[412,892,1856,1875]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Cremnoconchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="30" pageNumber="123" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castanea">
<emphasis id="B957EAFF1937017E99EBF8E5E13AF895" box="[412,532,1856,1875]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="123">C. castanea</emphasis>
, Arasinagundi Falls, Udupi Dist.
</taxonomicName>
, Karnataka (ZSI/WGRS; shell H = 8.5 mm). Scale bars = 50 Mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9C36ED1936017F98D3FF63E2BDFD61" blockId="31.[164,779,198,679]" pageId="31" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B957EAFF1936017F98D3FF63E299FF1D" box="[164,439,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="124">
Shell (
<figureCitation id="13182A681936017F9887FF63E263FF1D" box="[240,333,198,219]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[144,223,1558,1577]" captionTargetBox="[144,1425,195,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-0@12.[144,1425,195,1528]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Microsculpture of Cremnoconchus species (viewed by SEM). A, C. dwarakii, Hulikal Ghat, Udupi Dist., Karnataka. B, C. syhadrensis, Matheran, Raigad Dist., Maharashtra. C, C. syhadrensis, Khandala, Pune Dist., Maharashtra. D, C. conicus, 44 km west of Bhor, Pune Dist., Maharashtra. E, C. conicus, 6 km west of Mahabaleshwar, Satara Dist., Maharashtra. F, C. globulus, Lesser Kadambi Falls, Chikmagalur Dist., Karnataka. G, C. cingulatus, Hulikal Ghat, Udupi Dist., Karnataka. H, C. agumbensis, Agumbe, Udupi Dist., Karnataka. I, C. canaliculatus, 10 km west of Mahabaleshwar, Raigad Dist., Maharashtra. J, C. canaliculatus, Dongarwadi, Tamhini, Pune Dist., Maharashtra. K, C. canaliculatus, 5 km south of Mahabaleshwar, Satara Dist., Maharashtra. L, C. castanea, Belkal Thirtha Falls, Udupi Dist., Karnataka. M, C. castanea, Arasinagundi Falls, Udupi Dist., Karnataka. N, C. hanumani, Greater Kadambi Falls, Chikmagalur Dist., Karnataka. O, C. hanumani, Hanuman Gundi Falls, Chikmagalur Dist., Karnataka." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5292283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5292283/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="124">Figs 4H</figureCitation>
, 11M–P):
</emphasis>
Shell H
<quantity id="4CDB9B081936017F9A56FF63E199FF1D" box="[545,695,198,220]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.95" metricValueMax="10.4" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="124" unit="mm" value="7.95" valueMax="10.4" valueMin="5.5">5.5–10.4 mm</quantity>
. Shape (
<tableCitation id="C6A103561936017F98DCFF41E3D3FF3D" box="[171,253,228,251]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="6.[144,208,198,217]" captionText="Table 1. Indices of shell shape of populations of Cremnoconchus species; see Supporting Table S1 for full locality details" pageId="31" pageNumber="124">Table 1</tableCitation>
) high turbinate; whorls strongly angled at shoulder (sometimes raised as a rib; Fig. 11N), giving pronounced sutural ramp or channel, but becoming weak at end of last whorl; slight angle at periphery; suture impressed; apex slightly eroded; base slightly swollen. Columella narrow. Pseudumbilicus absent. Surface with single narrow rib at shoulder; dull, with irregular but distinct microstriae, fainter on last whorl and on base (
<figureCitation id="13182A681936017F99F6FE7CE2F7FE29" box="[385,473,473,495]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[144,223,1558,1577]" captionTargetBox="[144,1425,195,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-0@12.[144,1425,195,1528]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Microsculpture of Cremnoconchus species (viewed by SEM). A, C. dwarakii, Hulikal Ghat, Udupi Dist., Karnataka. B, C. syhadrensis, Matheran, Raigad Dist., Maharashtra. C, C. syhadrensis, Khandala, Pune Dist., Maharashtra. D, C. conicus, 44 km west of Bhor, Pune Dist., Maharashtra. E, C. conicus, 6 km west of Mahabaleshwar, Satara Dist., Maharashtra. F, C. globulus, Lesser Kadambi Falls, Chikmagalur Dist., Karnataka. G, C. cingulatus, Hulikal Ghat, Udupi Dist., Karnataka. H, C. agumbensis, Agumbe, Udupi Dist., Karnataka. I, C. canaliculatus, 10 km west of Mahabaleshwar, Raigad Dist., Maharashtra. J, C. canaliculatus, Dongarwadi, Tamhini, Pune Dist., Maharashtra. K, C. canaliculatus, 5 km south of Mahabaleshwar, Satara Dist., Maharashtra. L, C. castanea, Belkal Thirtha Falls, Udupi Dist., Karnataka. M, C. castanea, Arasinagundi Falls, Udupi Dist., Karnataka. N, C. hanumani, Greater Kadambi Falls, Chikmagalur Dist., Karnataka. O, C. hanumani, Hanuman Gundi Falls, Chikmagalur Dist., Karnataka." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5292283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5292283/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="124">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
). Protoconch (
<figureCitation id="13182A681936017F9A0EFE7CE1F7FE29" box="[633,729,473,495]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="36.[144,223,1377,1396]" captionTargetBox="[208,1360,195,1346]" captionTargetId="figure-124@36.[208,1360,195,1347]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 16. Radula (A, B) and protoconchs (C–F) of Cremnoconchus species. A, B, C. dwarakii (two views of radula, flat and at 45°), Hulikal Ghat, Udupi Dist., Karnataka (shell H = 6.4 mm). C, C. syhadrensis, Matheran, Raigad Dist., Maharashtra. D, C. canaliculatus, 10 km west of Mahabaleshwar, Raigad Dist., Maharashtra. E, C. agumbensis, Agumbe, Udupi Dist., Karnataka. F, C. dwarakii, Hulikal Ghat, Udupi Dist., Karnataka. Scale bars A, B = 50 Mm; C–F = 0.5 mm. White arrowhead marks junction of protoconch and teleoconch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5292303" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5292303/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="124">Fig. 16E</figureCitation>
) 1.5 whorls; diameter
<quantity id="4CDB9B081936017F990CFE5DE2CEFDCB" box="[379,480,504,526]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" pageId="31" pageNumber="124" unit="mm" value="0.68">0.68 mm</quantity>
; diameter of first whorl
<quantity id="4CDB9B081936017F98D3FDB3E229FDEA" box="[164,263,534,556]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="31" pageNumber="124" unit="mm" value="0.53">0.53 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B957EAFF1936017F9961FDB2E20BFDEA" box="[278,293,535,556]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="124">n</emphasis>
= 1). Colour: dark brown, darker on spire, three more or less distinct broad black-brown bands at shoulder, above periphery and on inner part of base; aperture pale brown, columella and interior bands purple-brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36ED1936017F98D3FD6AE101FC3F" blockId="31.[164,779,719,1017]" pageId="31" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B957EAFF1936017F98D3FD6AE3D1FD22" box="[164,255,719,740]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="124">Animal:</emphasis>
Head, tentacles and sides of foot black, paler at tip of snout. Gills: up to 50 leaflets; unpigmented. Operculum (
<tableCitation id="C6A103561936017F99E9FCA9E2DCFCE4" box="[414,498,780,802]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="6.[144,208,198,217]" captionText="Table 1. Indices of shell shape of populations of Cremnoconchus species; see Supporting Table S1 for full locality details" pageId="31" pageNumber="124">Table 1</tableCitation>
; Fig. 5M, N): opercular ratio
<geoCoordinate id="EE17502A1936017F9891FC8EE20BFC87" box="[230,293,811,833]" degrees="0.439" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="124" precision="55" value="0.439">0.439</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE17502A1936017F9952FC8EE25FFC87" box="[293,369,811,833]" degrees="0.565" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="124" precision="55" value="-0.565">–0.565</geoCoordinate>
; calcified, no internal ridge. Penis (Fig. 14A, B): relatively large; unpigmented; base wrinkled, strap-shaped, with slightly thickened distal glandular region; filament relatively stout, protruding in ethanol-fixed specimens. Pallial oviduct (Fig. 14C): as for genus. One pallial oviduct contained
<specimenCount id="9D25FD641936017F9AD2FC61E024FC1F" box="[677,778,964,985]" pageId="31" pageNumber="124" type="egg">two eggs</specimenCount>
<quantity id="4CDB9B081936017F98D3FC46E229FC3E" box="[164,263,995,1016]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="124" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.40 mm</quantity>
diameter (ethanol fixed).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36ED1936017F98D3FB84E22FFAEA" blockId="31.[164,779,1057,1324]" pageId="31" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B957EAFF1936017F98D3FB84E28BFBF0" box="[164,421,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="124">
Radula (
<figureCitation id="13182A681936017F9978FB84E2B9FBF0" box="[271,407,1057,1078]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="30.[144,223,1768,1787]" captionTargetBox="[208,1360,195,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-0@30.[208,1360,195,1738]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 13. Radulae of Cremnoconchus species (two views of each radula, flat and at 45°). A, B, C. globulus, Lesser Kadambi Falls, Chikmagalur Dist., Karnataka (ZSI/WGRS; shell H = 7.4 mm). C, D, C. agumbensis, Agumbe, Udupi Dist., Karnataka (ZSI/WGRS; shell H = 9.5 mm). E, F, C. cingulatus, Hulikal Ghat, Udupi Dist., Karnataka (ZSI/WGRS; shell H = 5.7 mm). G, H, C. castanea, Arasinagundi Falls, Udupi Dist., Karnataka (ZSI/WGRS; shell H = 8.5 mm). Scale bars = 50 Mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5292299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5292299/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="124">Fig. 13C, D</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Relative radula length 1.09– 1.79. Rachidian: length/width 1.19–1.42; 5 cusps (+ 1 outer denticle on either side). Lateral: 6 cusps (sometimes + 1 inner denticle). Inner marginal: 5 cusps (sometimes + 1 inner denticle). Outer marginal: 4 cusps (sometimes + 1 inner denticle). Major cusp of each of 5 central teeth elongate-triangular with rounded and slightly papillose tip; other cusps pointed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36ED1936017F98D3FAF0E02FFA00" blockId="31.[164,779,1364,1478]" pageId="31" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B957EAFF1936017F98D3FAF0E27DFAAC" box="[164,339,1365,1386]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="124">
Range (
<figureCitation id="13182A681936017F9974FAF0E26AFAAC" box="[259,324,1365,1386]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="17.[164,243,1821,1840]" captionTargetBox="[196,1411,195,1788]" captionTargetId="figure-0@17.[194,1412,193,1791]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 8. Distribution of Cremnoconchus species (solid circles). Two or more species names (e.g. syhadrensis + canaliculatus) indicate sympatric occurrence. See Supporting Table S1 for locality details. The shaded area is the Western Ghats region as defined by Irfan-Ullah &amp; Davande (2008). Cities indicated by asterisks." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5292293" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5292293/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="124">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B4B3CB01936017F9915FAF0E1D3FA00" collectionCode="ZSI, WGRS" country="India" county="Agumbe" location="Western" municipality="Someshwara" pageId="31" pageNumber="124" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Karnataka">
<location id="8EFC60361936017F9915FAF0E2EEFAAC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A87FB1935017F9B1EFA12E0E2FEB3:8EFC60361936017F9915FAF0E2EEFAAC" box="[354,448,1365,1386]" country="India" county="Agumbe" municipality="Someshwara" name="Western" pageId="31" pageNumber="124" stateProvince="Karnataka">Western</location>
<collectingRegion id="49E7F80F1936017F99A7FAF1E1B4FAAC" box="[464,666,1364,1386]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="31" pageNumber="124">Karnataka State</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8EFC60361936017F9ADAFAF1E025FAAC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A87FB1935017F9B1EFA12E0E2FEB3:8EFC60361936017F9ADAFAF1E025FAAC" box="[685,779,1364,1386]" country="India" county="Agumbe" municipality="Someshwara" name="Agumbe" pageId="31" pageNumber="124" stateProvince="Karnataka">Agumbe</location>
(
<quantity id="4CDB9B081936017F98DBFAD6E3DCFA4F" box="[172,242,1395,1417]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="124" unit="km" value="75.0">75 km</quantity>
north-northeast of
<collectingCountry id="F334767D1936017F99AFFAD6E178FA4F" box="[472,598,1395,1417]" name="India" pageId="31" pageNumber="124">Mangalore</collectingCountry>
).
<location id="8EFC60361936017F9A1DFAD6E1EAFA4F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A87FB1935017F9B1EFA12E0E2FEB3:8EFC60361936017F9A1DFAD6E1EAFA4F" box="[618,708,1395,1417]" country="India" county="Agumbe" municipality="Someshwara" name="Records" pageId="31" pageNumber="124" stateProvince="Karnataka">Records</location>
(
<location id="8EFC60361936017F9AA2FAD6E3D9FA6E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A87FB1935017F9B1EFA12E0E2FEB3:8EFC60361936017F9AA2FAD6E3D9FA6E" country="India" county="Agumbe" municipality="Someshwara" name="Supporting" pageId="31" pageNumber="124" stateProvince="Karnataka">Supporting</location>
<tableCitation id="C6A103561936017F9975FA37E246FA6E" box="[258,360,1426,1448]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="6.[144,208,198,217]" captionText="Table 1. Indices of shell shape of populations of Cremnoconchus species; see Supporting Table S1 for full locality details" pageId="31" pageNumber="124">Table S1</tableCitation>
):
<collectingRegion id="49E7F80F1936017F99F5FA37E167FA61" box="[386,585,1426,1448]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="31" pageNumber="124">Karnataka State</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF8AC971936017F9A2FFA37E1C4FA6E" box="[600,746,1426,1448]" pageId="31" pageNumber="124">Someshwara</collectingMunicipality>
to
<collectingCounty id="62FD4E611936017F98D3FA15E22CFA00" box="[164,258,1456,1478]" pageId="31" pageNumber="124">Agumbe</collectingCounty>
road (
<collectionCode id="ED32AE281936017F9927FA15E257FA03" box="[336,377,1456,1477]" pageId="31" pageNumber="124">ZSI</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode id="ED32AE281936017F99F6FA15E2FEFA03" box="[385,464,1456,1477]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z6tk-8dmw" name="Western Ghat Regional Station of the Zoological Survey of India at Calicut" pageId="31" pageNumber="124">WGRS</collectionCode>
/IR.INV-2313, 2314, 2315)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36ED1936017F98D3FA4AE2DCF9E5" blockId="31.[164,779,1519,1571]" pageId="31" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B957EAFF1936017F98D3FA4AE2BEF9C2" box="[164,400,1519,1540]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="124">Habitat and ecology:</emphasis>
Damp rock face shaded by evergreen forest. Altitude
<specimenCount id="9D25FD641936017F99D2F9A8E2DCF9E5" box="[421,498,1549,1571]" pageId="31" pageNumber="124" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CDB9B081936017F99D2F9A8E2C0F9E5" box="[421,494,1549,1571]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.79" pageId="31" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="379.0">379 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36ED1936017F98D3F9E9E0E2FEB3" blockId="31.[164,779,1612,1695]" lastBlockId="31.[826,1441,198,373]" pageId="31" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B957EAFF1936017F98D3F9E9E221F9A7" box="[164,271,1612,1633]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="124">Remarks:</emphasis>
Among the known
<taxonomicName id="4C234D6E1936017F998BF9E9E024F9A4" box="[508,778,1612,1634]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Cremnoconchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="31" pageNumber="124" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B957EAFF1936017F998BF9E9E181F9A7" box="[508,687,1612,1633]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="124">Cremnoconchus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
of
<collectingRegion id="49E7F80F1936017F98B0F9CFE268F946" box="[199,326,1642,1664]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="31" pageNumber="124">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C234D6E1936017F992FF9CEE2D0F9B9" box="[344,510,1642,1664]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Cremnoconchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="31" pageNumber="124" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="agumbensis">
<emphasis id="B957EAFF1936017F992FF9CEE2D0F9B9" box="[344,510,1642,1664]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="124">C. agumbensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only one with turreted whorls produced by a sharp angulation (or rib) at the shoulder, and without a pseudumbilicus (
<tableCitation id="C6A103561936017F9B36FF41E0B6FF3C" box="[833,920,228,250]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="29.[144,208,643,664]" captionText="Table 4. Diagnostic features of Cremnoconchus dwarakii, C. agumbensis, C. castanea, C. cingulatus, C. globulus, and C. hanumani in western Karnataka" pageId="31" pageNumber="124">Table 4</tableCitation>
). In these characters it resembles the canaliculate form of
<taxonomicName id="4C234D6E1936017F9B89FEA6E799FEDE" box="[1022,1207,259,280]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Cremnoconchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="31" pageNumber="124" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="canaliculatus">
<emphasis id="B957EAFF1936017F9B89FEA6E799FEDE" box="[1022,1207,259,280]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="124">C. canaliculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingRegion id="49E7F80F1936017F9D7DFEA6E68FFEDF" box="[1290,1441,259,281]" country="India" name="Maharashtra" pageId="31" pageNumber="124">Maharashtra</collectingRegion>
(Table 3; Fig. 9P, R, U–Z, CC), but that has a more solid shell and the penis bears a drum-shaped gland (
<figureCitation id="13182A681936017F9B35FEFAE0EEFEB3" box="[834,960,351,373]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="22.[144,223,198,217]" captionText="Figure 10. Anatomy of Cremnoconchus conicus (A–H) and C. canaliculatus (I–O), all to same magnification. A–N, penes (A, live, relaxed; B, live, contracted; C–H, fixed in ethanol; I, K, live, relaxed; J, L–N, fixed in ethanol). D, E and M, N are intact and sectioned views, respectively, of same penes; I, J are the same penis viewed live and after ethanol fixation. O, pallial oviduct. A–E, 6 km west of Mahabaleshwar, Satara Dist., Maharashtra (ZSI/WGRS; shell H: A = 5.0 mm; B = 4.8 mm; C = 4.9 mm; D, E = 4.5 mm). F–H, 44 km west of Bhor, Pune Dist., Maharashtra (ZSI/WGRS; shell H: F = 5.6 mm; G = 5.8 mm; H = 6.2 mm). I–K, 10 km west of Mahabaleshwar, Raigad Dist., Maharashtra (ZSI/WGRS; shell H: I, J = 6.5 mm; K = 5.7 mm). L–N, 5 km south of Mahabaleshwar, Satara Dist., Maharashtra (ZSI/WGRS; shell H: L = 5.5 mm; M, N = 5.8 mm). O, 8 km west of Mahabaleshwar, Satara Dist., Maharashtra (ZSI/WGRS; shell H = 5.7 mm). Abbreviations: bi, bottom of invagination (shaded) for the penial filament within the penial base; dg, drum-shaped glandular appendage; f, penial filament within invagination (shaded); g, opaque glandular region of penial base (medium stipple); pvd, penial vas deferens lying coiled within cavity (black) of penial base; rm, retractor muscle of penial filament. Shading conventions as in Figure 6." pageId="31" pageNumber="124">Fig. 10I–N</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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