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<document id="084B294B936638E267E080A7BFEF62A4" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3630.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b701e307-8a8d-4539-8ed6-53024e4fbf19" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="221768" ID-ZooBank="D8DEB0C1-81EF-47DF-9A16-4C03B7AF83AA" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460584618620" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Leonardi, Maria Soledad &amp; Palma, Ricardo Luis" docDate="2013" docId="038A87824315FFBFFF304B6316B658E0" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03630p466.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3630 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Echinophthirius Giebel 1871" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="449" masterDocId="FFB3FFFA4317FFBBFFA74F5F142F5B14" masterDocTitle="Review of the systematics, biology and ecology of lice from pinnipeds and river otters (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Anoplura: Echinophthiriidae)" masterLastPageNumber="466" masterPageNumber="445" pageNumber="447" updateTime="1698324898686" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="AF3F6D2D231633D33D30D1EB3766E4AB">Review of the systematics, biology and ecology of lice from pinnipeds and river otters (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Anoplura: Echinophthiriidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="91AC640A63F727119B4A46082FB9230B">Leonardi, Maria Soledad</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C339651F4315FFB9FF304B6315EB5E44" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9C36944315FFB9FF304B63162F5F41" blockId="2.[151,512,1083,1110]" box="[151,512,1083,1110]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
<heading id="D0D481F84315FFB9FF304B63162F5F41" bold="true" box="[151,512,1083,1110]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174315FFB9FF304B63162F5F41" authority="Giebel, 1871" authorityName="Giebel" authorityYear="1871" box="[151,512,1083,1110]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Echinophthirius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B957EA864315FFB9FF304B63162F5F41" bold="true" box="[151,512,1083,1110]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
<emphasis id="B957EA864315FFB9FF304B6315715F42" bold="true" box="[151,350,1084,1110]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Echinophthirius</emphasis>
Giebel, 1871
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944315FFB9FF304BDD15EB5E44" blockId="2.[151,1437,1154,1391]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174315FFB9FF304BDD15D25F8C" authority="Giebel, 1871: 174" authorityName="Giebel" authorityPageNumber="174" authorityYear="1871" box="[151,509,1154,1176]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Echinophthirius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B957EA864315FFB9FF304BDD15155F8C" box="[151,314,1154,1176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Echinophthirius</emphasis>
Giebel, 1871: 174
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="549888364315FFB9FDAE4BDC16145F8C" box="[521,571,1155,1176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174315FFB9FD3D4BDD100B5F8C" authority="Olfers, 1816" authorityName="Olfers" authorityYear="1816" box="[666,1060,1154,1176]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Echinophthirius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horridus">
<emphasis id="B957EA864315FFB9FD3D4BDD17B35F8C" box="[666,924,1154,1176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Echinophthirius horridus</emphasis>
Olfers, 1816
</taxonomicName>
(by subsequent designation). Giebel 1874: 43; Piaget 1880: 656; Enderlein 1904a: 44; Enderlein 1904b: 136; Enderlein 1906: 661; Dalla Torre 1908: 17; Enderlein 1909: 507; Kellogg &amp; Ferris 1915: 51; Ferris 1916a: 181; Freund 1928: 6; Ewing 1929: 149; Ferris 1934: 475; Séguy 1944: 452; Webb 1949: 172, 185, table 3; Ferris 1951: 75; Imms 1957: 414; Blagoveshtchensky 1964: 326; Ludwig 1968: 258; Kim
<emphasis id="B957EA864315FFB9FED34BA115865E07" box="[372,425,1277,1299]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">et al.</emphasis>
1975: 546; Murray 1976: 84, Ludwig 1982: 150; fig. 4.3; Kim 1982b: 125; Kim
<emphasis id="B957EA864315FFB9FB5B4BA1111D5E07" box="[1276,1330,1277,1299]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">et al.</emphasis>
1986: 50; Zarubina 1986: 373; King 1983: 203; Durden &amp; Musser 1994a: 7; Price &amp; Graham 1997: 113; Aznar
<emphasis id="B957EA864315FFB9FB694A42112E5E26" box="[1230,1281,1308,1330]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">et al.</emphasis>
2001: 403, fig. 4; Light
<emphasis id="B957EA864315FFB9FEB94A64157E5E44" box="[286,337,1338,1360]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">et al.</emphasis>
2010: 295.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339651F4315FFB8FF304A0610565E2F" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="448" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9C36944315FFB9FF304A0616FC5E7B" blockId="2.[151,1437,1154,1391]" box="[151,723,1369,1391]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
<emphasis id="B957EA864315FFB9FF304A0615015E7B" box="[151,302,1369,1391]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Echinophtirius</emphasis>
Giebel; Mjöberg 1910: 176. Misspelling.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944315FFB9FF304ACA15825EB9" blockId="2.[151,1436,1429,1525]" box="[151,429,1429,1453]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
<emphasis id="B957EA864315FFB9FF304ACA14CE5EB9" bold="true" box="[151,225,1429,1453]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Hosts.</emphasis>
Phocidae—Seals.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944315FFB9FF604AE611A75EE1" blockId="2.[151,1436,1429,1525]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
<emphasis id="B957EA864315FFB9FF604AE615F95EC6" bold="true" box="[199,470,1465,1490]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Significant references.</emphasis>
Webb (1949: 172, 185, phylogenetic relationships); Ferris (1951: 75, synonymy, notes); Kim (1982b: 125, host specificity, phylogeny); Kim (1985: 201, evolution); Kim (1988: 102, phylogeny).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944315FFB9FF30491616465D75" blockId="2.[151,617,1609,1634]" box="[151,617,1609,1634]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174315FFB9FF30491616465D75" authority="Olfers, 1816" authorityName="Olfers" authorityYear="1816" box="[151,617,1609,1634]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Echinophthirius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horridus">
<emphasis id="B957EA864315FFB9FF304916164F5D76" bold="true" box="[151,608,1609,1634]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
<emphasis id="B957EA864315FFB9FF30491615905D76" bold="true" box="[151,447,1609,1634]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Echinophthirius horridus</emphasis>
(Olfers, 1816
</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944315FFB9FF3049D516245DB4" blockId="2.[151,1436,1674,2033]" box="[151,523,1674,1696]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174315FFB9FF3049D516295DB4" authority="Olfers, 1816: 84" authorityName="Olfers" authorityPageNumber="84" authorityYear="1816" box="[151,518,1674,1696]" class="Insecta" family="Pediculidae" genus="Pediculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horridus">
<emphasis id="B957EA864315FFB9FF3049D515775DB4" box="[151,344,1674,1696]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Pediculus horridus</emphasis>
Olfers, 1816: 84
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944315FFB9FF3049F616B95DAB" blockId="2.[151,1436,1674,2033]" box="[151,662,1705,1727]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174315FFB9FF3049F615FF5DAB" authority="Lucas, 1834" authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1834" box="[151,464,1705,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Pediculidae" genus="Pediculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phocae">
<emphasis id="B957EA864315FFB9FF3049F615655DAB" box="[151,330,1705,1727]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Pediculus phocae</emphasis>
Lucas, 1834
</taxonomicName>
: IX, pl. 121, fig 12.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944315FFB9FF304997176B5DCA" blockId="2.[151,1436,1674,2033]" box="[151,836,1736,1758]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174315FFB9FF304997162C5DC9" authority="Burmeister, 1838" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1838" box="[151,515,1736,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Pediculidae" genus="Pediculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setosus">
<emphasis id="B957EA864315FFB9FF30499715655DCA" box="[151,330,1736,1758]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Pediculus setosus</emphasis>
Burmeister, 1838
</taxonomicName>
: Species 12. Page unnumbered.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944315FFB9FF3049B717475DE8" blockId="2.[151,1436,1674,2033]" box="[151,872,1766,1789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174315FFB9FF3049B7162A5DE8" authority="Burmeister" authorityName="Burmeister" box="[151,517,1766,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Haematopinidae" genus="Haematopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setosus">
<emphasis id="B957EA864315FFB9FF3049B715555DE9" box="[151,378,1768,1789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Haematopinus setosus</emphasis>
(Burmeister)
</taxonomicName>
; Denny 1842: 36; Gurlt 1857: 281.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944315FFB9FF30485917425C0F" blockId="2.[151,1436,1674,2033]" box="[151,877,1797,1819]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174315FFB9FF30485916375C0F" authority="Schilling. In" authorityName="Schilling. In" box="[151,536,1797,1819]" class="Insecta" family="Haematopinidae" genus="Haematopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulatus">
<emphasis id="B957EA864315FFB9FF30485915BA5C0F" box="[151,405,1797,1819]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Haematopinus annulatus</emphasis>
Schilling.
<emphasis id="B957EA864315FFB9FDA4485916375C0F" box="[515,536,1798,1819]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">In</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Gurlt 1857: 281.
<emphasis id="B957EA864315FFB9FD73485917485C0F" box="[724,871,1797,1819]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Nomen nudum</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944315FFB9FF30487A17AF5C2D" blockId="2.[151,1436,1674,2033]" box="[151,896,1827,1850]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174315FFB9FF30487A16A05C2E" authority="Denny" authorityName="Denny" box="[151,655,1828,1850]" class="Insecta" family="Haematopinidae" genus="Haematopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setosus" subGenus="Echinophthirius">
<emphasis id="B957EA864315FFB9FF30487A15045C2E" box="[151,299,1829,1850]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Haematopinus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B957EA864315FFB9FE9E487B15F35C2E" box="[313,476,1828,1850]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Echinophthirius</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B957EA864315FFB9FE4C487A161B5C2E" box="[491,564,1829,1850]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">setosus</emphasis>
(Denny)
</taxonomicName>
[sic]; Giebel, 1874: 42.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944315FFB9FF30481C16C35C4C" blockId="2.[151,1436,1674,2033]" box="[151,748,1858,1880]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174315FFB9FF30481C16165C4C" authority="Schilling, 1857" authorityName="Schilling" authorityYear="1857" box="[151,569,1858,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Haematopinidae" genus="Haematopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulatus">
<emphasis id="B957EA864315FFB9FF30481C15BA5C4C" box="[151,405,1858,1880]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Haematopinus annulatus</emphasis>
Schilling, 1857
</taxonomicName>
; Gurlt 1878: 187.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944315FFB9FF30483E103D5C63" blockId="2.[151,1436,1674,2033]" box="[151,1042,1889,1911]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174315FFB9FF30483E15E35C63" authority="Lucas" authorityName="Lucas" box="[151,460,1889,1911]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Echinophthirius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setosus">
<emphasis id="B957EA864315FFB9FF30483E15A65C63" box="[151,393,1889,1911]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Echinophthirius setosus</emphasis>
Lucas
</taxonomicName>
[sic]; Piaget, 1880: 656, pl. 54, fig. 1; Osborn 1896: 188.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944315FFB9FF3048DF16905CA0" blockId="2.[151,1436,1674,2033]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174315FFB9FF3048DF16A25C82" authority="Becher, 1886: 60" authorityName="Becher" authorityPageNumber="60" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,653,1920,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Echinophthirius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="groenlandicus">
<emphasis id="B957EA864315FFB9FF3048DF15FD5C82" box="[151,466,1920,1942]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Echinophthirius groenlandicus</emphasis>
Becher, 1886: 60
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 5, fig. 1ad. Enderlein 1909: 507; Ferris 1916a: 181; Freund 1928: 16; Hopkins 1946: 567; Coulson &amp; Refseth 2004: 96.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944315FFB9FF3048E2151B5CE5" blockId="2.[151,1436,1674,2033]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174315FFB9FF3048E216705CC7" authority="Meinert, 1897: 177" authorityName="Meinert" authorityPageNumber="177" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,607,1981,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Echinophthirius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sericans">
<emphasis id="B957EA864315FFB9FF3048E215BB5CC7" box="[151,404,1981,2003]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Echinophthirius sericans</emphasis>
Meinert, 1897: 177
</taxonomicName>
. Breddin 1901: 557; Freund 1928: 17; Ass 1934: 103; Hopkins 1946: 567; Bonner 1972: 491.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944314FFB8FF304FC7170D5BBA" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1339]" box="[151,802,152,174]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174314FFB8FF304FC7167C5BBA" authority="Burmeister, 1838" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1838" box="[151,595,152,174]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Echinophthirius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setosus">
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FF304FC715A65BBA" box="[151,393,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Echinophthirius setosus</emphasis>
(Burmeister, 1838)
</taxonomicName>
; Breddin 1901: 557.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944314FFB8FF304FE810615A1D" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1339]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174314FFB8FF304FE816325BD9" authority="Lucas, 1834" authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1834" box="[151,541,183,205]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Echinophthirius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phocae">
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FF304FE815A65BD9" box="[151,393,183,205]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Echinophthirius phocae</emphasis>
(Lucas, 1834)
</taxonomicName>
; Enderlein 1904b: 136; Enderlein 1906: 661; Dalla Torre 1908: 17; Enderlein 1909: 507; Luther 1909: 17; Waterston 1913: 113; Evans 1913: 95, fig. 1; Herms 1939: 105; Kellogg &amp; Ferris 1915: 51; Ferris 1916a: 181; Ewing 1932: 663, figs 45; Jancke 1932: 539, fig. 6; Ass 1934: 103; Steel 1964: 35.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944314FFB8FF304E4D17D55A3C" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1339]" box="[151,1018,274,296]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174314FFB8FF304E4D16315A3C" authority="Becker" authorityName="Becker" box="[151,542,274,296]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Echinophthirius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="groenlandicus">
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FF304E4D15FF5A3C" box="[151,464,274,296]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Echinophthirius groenlandicus</emphasis>
Becker
</taxonomicName>
[sic], 1885 [sic]; Dalla Torre 1908: 17, fig. 12.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944314FFB8FF304E6E10935A53" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1339]" box="[151,1212,305,327]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174314FFB8FF304E6E15BC5A53" box="[151,403,305,327]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Echinophthirius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sericeus">
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FF304E6E15BC5A53" box="[151,403,305,327]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Echinophthirius sericeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[sic] Meinert, 1896 [sic]; Dalla Torre 1908: 18; Ferris 1916a: 182. Misspelling.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944314FFB8FF304E0F17B75A72" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1339]" box="[151,920,336,358]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FF304E0F15085A72" box="[151,295,336,358]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Echinophtirus</emphasis>
[sic]
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174314FFB8FEC74E0F16105A72" authority="Lucas, 1834" authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1834" box="[352,575,336,358]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Echinophthirius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phocae">
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FEC74E0F15865A72" box="[352,425,336,358]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">phocae</emphasis>
(Lucas, 1834)
</taxonomicName>
; Mjöberg 1910: 176. Misspelling.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944314FFB8FF304E301781587B" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1339]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174314FFB8FF304E3016145A90" authority="Olfers, 1816" authorityName="Olfers" authorityYear="1816" box="[151,571,366,389]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Echinophthirius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horridus">
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FF304E3015B45A91" box="[151,411,367,389]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Echinophthirius horridus</emphasis>
(Olfers, 1816)
</taxonomicName>
; Ferris 1916a: 205; Fahrenholz 1917: 6; Fahrenholz 1919: 22; Ferris 1919: 11D; Freund 1928: 6, figs 111; Ferris 1934: 476, figs 277278; Ass 1934: 103; Jancke 1938: 75; Thompson 1939: 9; Séguy 1944: 452, figs 727729; Hopkins 1946: 566; Webb 1946: 51, 95, figs 205206; Brinck 1948a: 132; Brinck 1948b: 149; Hopkins 1949: 509; Séguy 1951: 1381, fig. 1214; Ferris 1951: 75, figs 3233; Margolis 1954: 277; Margolis 1956: 501; Goidanich 1956: 525; Nakagawa 1959: 44; van den Broek &amp; Wensvoort 1959: 60; Swiestra, Jansen &amp; van den Broek 1959: 896; Brown
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FE224D561596590A" box="[389,441,520,542]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">et al.</emphasis>
1960: 534; Taylor
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FDDE4D561682590A" box="[633,685,520,542]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">et al.</emphasis>
1961: 976; Ass 1963: 6, fig. 1; Scherf 1963: 25, figs 718; van den Broek 1963: 25; Blagoveshtchensky 1964: 326; King 1964: 135, 137; Steel 1964: 35; van den Broek &amp; Jansen 1964: 104; Spencer 1966: 23; Caldwell &amp; Caldwell 1969: 379; Ronald
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FC824D191776594F" box="[805,857,581,603]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">et al.</emphasis>
1970: 1038; Mehl 1970: 111; Miller 1971: 670, figs 16; Bonner 1972: 491; Dailey &amp; Brownell 1972: 535540; Margolis &amp; Dailey 1972: 14; Kaisila 1973: 63; Vauk 1973: 120; Anderson
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FE954DDC1548598C" box="[306,359,642,664]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">et al.</emphasis>
1974: 437; Wipper 1974: 105; Kim
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FD4E4DDC1731598C" box="[745,798,642,664]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">et al.</emphasis>
1975: 547; Kurochkin 1975: 364; Murray 1976: 88, fig. 4.3; Dunn &amp; Wolke 1976: 532, 535; van den Broek 1977: 15, 21; Geraci 1978: 40; McClelland 1980: 406; Conlogue
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FAC04DFD11B359A3" box="[1383,1436,673,695]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">et al.</emphasis>
1980: 1184; Reijnders
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FE084D9E15CC59C2" box="[431,483,704,726]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">et al.</emphasis>
1981: 34, 36; Bonner 1981: 126; Geraci
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FC2E4D9E179259C2" box="[905,957,704,726]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">et al.</emphasis>
1981: 1457; King 1983: 203; Kim
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FA8F4D9E117359C2" box="[1320,1372,704,726]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">et al.</emphasis>
1986: 50, pl. 4; Zarubina 1986: 374; Geraci &amp; St Aubin 1987: 408; Schumann 1989; Dailey &amp; Fallace 1989: 5, 8; Skírnisson &amp; Ólafsson 1990: 96, 102, fig. 2; Beder 1990: 512, figs 112; Schumacher
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FC0C4DA117F05807" box="[939,991,765,787]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">et al.</emphasis>
1990: 300; Lunneryd 1992: 270; Durden &amp; Musser 1994a: 7; Durden &amp; Musser 1994b: 141; Price &amp; Graham 1997: 113; Thompson
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FBF54C4210A95826" box="[1106,1158,796,818]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">et al.</emphasis>
1998: 393; Kadulski 2001: 270; Coulson &amp; Refseth 2004: 96; Hoffmann
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FD3B4C6416FE5844" box="[668,721,826,848]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">et al.</emphasis>
2004: 659; Essink
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FC314C6417E45844" box="[918,971,826,848]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">et al.</emphasis>
2005: 306; Grimaldi &amp; Engel 2005: 273, fig. 8.10; Leidenberger
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FE2A4C051595587B" box="[397,442,857,879]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">et al</emphasis>
. 2008: 242, figs 47; Light
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FD724C051726587B" box="[725,777,857,879]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">et al.</emphasis>
2010: 296, 298.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944314FFB8FF304C271720589A" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1339]" box="[151,783,888,910]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FF304C271502589A" box="[151,301,888,910]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Echinophtirius</emphasis>
[sic]
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174314FFB8FEC04C271591589A" box="[359,446,888,910]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Echinophthirius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horridus">
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FEC04C271591589A" box="[359,446,888,910]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">horridus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Wülker 1930: 298. Misspelling.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944314FFB8FF304CC8178658B8" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1339]" box="[151,937,919,941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174314FFB8FF304CC8172958B8" authority="Ass 1934: 103" authorityName="Ass" authorityPageNumber="103" authorityYear="1934" box="[151,774,919,941]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Echinophthirius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="groenlandicus" subSpecies="horrophthirius">
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FF304CC8164558B9" box="[151,618,919,941]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Echinophthirius groenlandicus horrophthirius</emphasis>
Ass 1934: 103
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FCB74CC7178C58B9" box="[784,931,919,941]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Nomen nudum</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944314FFB8FF304CEA174858DE" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1339]" box="[151,871,949,971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174314FFB8FF304CEA16EB58DE" authority="Meinert, 1897" authorityName="Meinert" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,708,949,971]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Echinophthirius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="groenlandicus" subSpecies="sericans">
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FF304CEA160558DF" box="[151,554,949,971]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Echinophthirius groenlandicus sericans</emphasis>
Meinert, 1897
</taxonomicName>
; Ass 1934: 103.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944314FFB8FF304C8B16D858FD" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1339]" box="[151,759,979,1002]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174314FFB8FF304C8B165558FD" authority="Ass, 1935: 25" authorityName="Ass" authorityPageNumber="25" authorityYear="1935" box="[151,634,979,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Echinophthirius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="horridus" subSpecies="typicus">
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FF304C8B15C958FE" box="[151,486,980,1002]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Echinophthirius horridus typicus</emphasis>
Ass, 1935: 25
</taxonomicName>
, figs 2, 35.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944314FFB8FF304CAD15A05F33" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1339]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174314FFB8FF304CAD169C5F1C" authority="Ass, 1935: 25" authorityName="Ass" authorityPageNumber="25" authorityYear="1935" box="[151,691,1010,1032]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Echinophthirius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="horridus" subSpecies="baicalensis">
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FF304CAD16395F1C" box="[151,534,1010,1032]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Echinophthirius horridus baicalensis</emphasis>
Ass, 1935: 25
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 1. Hopkins 1946: 567; Hopkins 1949: 509; Goidanich 1956: 530; Tijskens 1969: 132.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944314FFB8FF304B6F106B5F52" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1339]" box="[151,1092,1072,1094]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174314FFB8FF304B6F16A25F52" authority="Olfers, 1816" authorityName="Olfers" authorityYear="1816" box="[151,653,1072,1094]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Echinophthirius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="horridus" subSpecies="horridus">
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FF304B6F15DA5F52" box="[151,501,1072,1094]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Echinophthirius horridus horridus</emphasis>
(Olfers, 1816)
</taxonomicName>
; Hopkins 1949: 509; Goidanich 1956: 530.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944314FFB8FF304B10105C5F70" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1339]" box="[151,1139,1102,1125]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174314FFB8FF304B1016925F70" authority="Becher, 1886" authorityName="Becher" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,701,1102,1125]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Echinophthirius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="horridus" subSpecies="groenlandicus">
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FF304B1016015F71" box="[151,558,1103,1125]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Echinophthirius horridus groenlandicus</emphasis>
Becher, 1886
</taxonomicName>
; Hopkins 1949: 509; Goidanich 1956: 530.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944314FFB8FF304B3217CE5F97" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1339]" box="[151,993,1133,1155]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FF304B32151C5F97" box="[151,307,1133,1155]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Echinophthirus</emphasis>
[sic]?
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174314FFB8FED94B3216005F97" authority="Olfers" authorityName="Olfers" box="[382,559,1133,1155]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Echinophthirius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horridus">
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FED94B3215FA5F97" box="[382,469,1133,1155]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">horridus</emphasis>
(Olfers)
</taxonomicName>
; Gressitt &amp; Weber 1959: 447. Misspelling.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944314FFB8FF304BD314DB5FD4" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1339]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174314FFB8FF304BD317695FB5" authority="Blagoveshtchensky, 1966: 806" authorityName="Blagoveshtchensky" authorityPageNumber="806" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,838,1163,1186]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Echinophthirius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="horridus" subSpecies="erignathi">
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FF304BD3162F5FB6" box="[151,512,1164,1186]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Echinophthirius horridus erignathi</emphasis>
Blagoveshtchensky, 1966: 806
</taxonomicName>
, figs 13. Zarubina 1986: 374; Leidenberger
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FA834BD2117C5FB6" box="[1316,1363,1164,1186]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">et al</emphasis>
. 2007: 243.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944314FFB8FF304B9617D25FCB" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1339]" box="[151,1021,1225,1247]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174314FFB8FF304B9615B85FCB" box="[151,407,1225,1247]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Echinophthirius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horridus">
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FF304B9615B85FCB" box="[151,407,1225,1247]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Echinophthirius horridus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174314FFB8FE394B9517B45FCB" authority="Kurochkin &amp; Badamshin, 1968: 200" authorityName="Kurochkin &amp; Badamshin" authorityPageNumber="200" authorityYear="1968" box="[414,923,1225,1247]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Echinophthirius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="horridus" variety="caspicus">
var.
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FE6E4B95160F5FCB" box="[457,544,1226,1247]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">caspicus</emphasis>
Kurochkin &amp; Badamshin, 1968: 200
</taxonomicName>
, figs 14.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944314FFB8FF304BB7171F5FEA" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1339]" box="[151,816,1256,1278]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FF304BB715085FEA" box="[151,295,1256,1278]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Echinophirius</emphasis>
[sic]
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FEC74BB715865FEA" box="[352,425,1256,1278]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">hondus</emphasis>
[sic]; Clausen 1978: 39. Misspellings.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944314FFB8FF304A5811BB5E08" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1339]" box="[151,1428,1286,1309]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174314FFB8FF304A58163F5E09" box="[151,528,1287,1309]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Echinophthirius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="horridus" subSpecies="baikalensis">
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FF304A58163F5E09" box="[151,528,1287,1309]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Echinophthirius horridus baikalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[sic] Ass, 1935. Durden &amp; Musser 1994a: 7. Leidenberger
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FBCD4A5710BA5E09" box="[1130,1173,1287,1309]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">et al</emphasis>
. 2007: 243. Misspelling.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944314FFB8FF304A7A10565E2F" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1339]" box="[151,1145,1317,1339]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174314FFB8FF304A7A17135E2F" authority="Kurochkin &amp; Badamshin, 1968" authorityName="Kurochkin &amp; Badamshin" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,828,1317,1339]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Echinophthirius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="horridus" subSpecies="caspicus">
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FF304A7A15DA5E2F" box="[151,501,1317,1339]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Echinophthirius horridus caspicus</emphasis>
Kurochkin &amp; Badamshin, 1968
</taxonomicName>
; Leidenberger
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FC744A7917D05E2F" box="[979,1023,1317,1339]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">et al</emphasis>
. 2007: 243.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339651F4314FFB8FF304A37167F5D68" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9C36944314FFB8FF304A37170C5E6B" blockId="3.[151,1436,1383,1984]" box="[151,803,1383,1408]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FF304A3715205E94" bold="true" box="[151,271,1384,1408]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">
<typeStatus id="549888364314FFB8FF304A3714FF5E94" box="[151,208,1384,1408]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Type</typeStatus>
host.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174314FFB8FEBF4A3716425E6B" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[280,621,1383,1408]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Phoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vitulina">
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FEBF4A3715935E94" box="[280,444,1384,1408]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Phoca vitulina</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
</taxonomicName>
—Harbour seal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944314FFB8FF604AD316CF5EB0" blockId="3.[151,1436,1383,1984]" box="[199,736,1419,1444]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FF604AD3154A5EB0" bold="true" box="[199,357,1419,1444]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">
<typeStatus id="549888364314FFB8FF604AD3152D5EB0" box="[199,258,1420,1444]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
Europe, without specific locality.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944314FFB8FF604AEF165D5EF8" blockId="3.[151,1436,1383,1984]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FF604AEF15FF5EDC" bold="true" box="[199,464,1455,1480]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">
<typeStatus id="549888364314FFB8FF604AEF152D5EDC" box="[199,258,1456,1480]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Type</typeStatus>
specimen/s data.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="549888364314FFB8FE7D4AF0166C5ED3" box="[474,579,1455,1479]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
, presumably originally deposited in the Zoologisches Museum, Berlin, but now considered lost (Kim
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FE184A8A15D75EF8" box="[447,504,1492,1516]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">et al.</emphasis>
1986: 51).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944314FFB8FF604AA8167F5D68" blockId="3.[151,1436,1383,1984]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FF604AA815485D04" bold="true" box="[199,359,1527,1552]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Other hosts.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174314FFB8FEDB4AA717685D1B" authority="Erxleben, 1777" authorityName="Erxleben" authorityYear="1777" box="[380,839,1527,1552]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Cystophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristata">
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FEDB4AA716455D04" box="[380,618,1528,1552]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Cystophora cristata</emphasis>
(Erxleben, 1777)
</taxonomicName>
—Hooded seal;
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174314FFB8FBBB4AA714FA5D20" authority="Erxleben, 1777" authorityName="Erxleben" authorityYear="1777" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Erignathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatus">
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FBBB4AA7113D5D04" box="[1052,1298,1528,1552]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Erignathus barbatus</emphasis>
(Erxleben, 1777)
</taxonomicName>
—Bearded seal;
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174314FFB8FE3B494317625D20" authority="Fabricius, 1791" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1791" box="[412,845,1564,1588]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Halichoerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grypus">
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FE3B494316505D20" box="[412,639,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Halichoerus grypus</emphasis>
(Fabricius, 1791)
</taxonomicName>
—Grey seal;
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174314FFB8FC57494314FA5D43" authority="Erxleben, 1777" authorityName="Erxleben" authorityYear="1777" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pagophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="groenlandicus">
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FC57494311355D20" box="[1008,1306,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Pagophilus groenlandicus</emphasis>
(Erxleben, 1777)
</taxonomicName>
—Harp seal;
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174314FFB8FEC9491E16EF5D43" authority="Schreber, 1775" authorityName="Schreber" authorityYear="1775" box="[366,704,1599,1624]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hispida">
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FEC9491E162F5D4C" box="[366,512,1600,1624]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Pusa hispida</emphasis>
(Schreber, 1775)
</taxonomicName>
—Ringed seal;
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174314FFB8FCD4491E10955D43" authority="Gmelin, 1788" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1788" box="[883,1210,1599,1624]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FCD4491E10275D4C" box="[883,1032,1600,1624]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Pusa sibirica</emphasis>
(Gmelin, 1788)
</taxonomicName>
—Baikal seal;
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174314FFB8FAC3491E15B25D68" authority="Gmelin, 1788" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1788" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caspica">
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FAC3491E14C25D68" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Pusa caspica</emphasis>
(Gmelin, 1788)
</taxonomicName>
—Caspian seal.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339651F4314FFB8FF6049D8162D5CAB" pageId="3" pageNumber="448" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9C36944314FFB8FF6049D817985D8B" blockId="3.[151,1436,1383,1984]" box="[199,951,1671,1696]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FF6049D815C15DB4" bold="true" box="[199,494,1671,1696]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Geographic distribution.</emphasis>
Palearctic, Nearctic and Arctic Regions.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944314FFB8FF6049F4162D5CAB" blockId="3.[151,1436,1383,1984]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FF6049F415FC5DD0" bold="true" box="[199,467,1707,1732]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">Significant references.</emphasis>
Freund (1928: 6, many detailed figures); Ferris (1934: 476, synonymy, description, figures, hosts); Hopkins (1946: 566,
<typeStatus id="549888364314FFB8FD9B498F16435DFC" box="[572,620,1744,1768]" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">type</typeStatus>
hosts of synonyms); Webb (1946: 95, spiracle structure); Ferris (1951: 75, synonymy, figures, notes); Scherf (1963: 25, descriptions of eggs, three nymphal stages and adults); Miller (1971: 670, scanning electron microscopy of antennae); Geraci
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FC2D484617E85C24" box="[906,967,1816,1840]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">et al.</emphasis>
(1981: 1457, as intermediate host of a nematode); Kim
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FEFD486215BA5C40" box="[346,405,1852,1876]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">et al.</emphasis>
(1986: 50, redescription, figures); Beder (1990: 512, scanning electron microscopy of all stages); Durden &amp; Musser (1994a: 7, synonymy, hosts, distribution); Thompson
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FBE2483E10AD5C6C" box="[1093,1154,1888,1912]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">et al.</emphasis>
(1998: 393, ecology on harbour seals); Leidenberger
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FE4548DA163C5C88" box="[482,531,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">et al</emphasis>
. (2007: 242, taxonomy, morphology, epidemiology, intermediate host); Light
<emphasis id="B957EA864314FFB8FA2F48DA149B5CD4" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="448">et al.</emphasis>
(2010: 296, 298, phylogeny).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339651F4313FFBFFF604FC7160E5A9C" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9C36944313FFBFFF604FC710A95A08" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">
<emphasis id="B957EA864313FFBFFF604FC715145BA4" bold="true" box="[199,315,152,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Remarks.</emphasis>
While describing the new subspecies
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174313FFBFFCBC4FC711B35BBB" authority="Ass (1935: 25)" authorityName="Ass" authorityPageNumber="25" authorityYear="1935" box="[795,1436,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Echinophthirius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="horridus" subSpecies="baicalensis">
<emphasis id="B957EA864313FFBFFCBC4FC710E25BA4" box="[795,1229,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Echinophthirius horridus baicalensis</emphasis>
, Ass (1935: 25)
</taxonomicName>
inadvertently created another new subspecies:
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174313FFBFFD124FE3109C5BC0" authority="Ass, 1935" authorityName="Ass" authorityYear="1935" box="[693,1203,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Echinophthirius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="horridus" subSpecies="typicus">
<emphasis id="B957EA864313FFBFFD124FE3101F5BC0" box="[693,1072,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Echinophthirius horridus typicus</emphasis>
Ass, 1935
</taxonomicName>
, which should have been named as the nominate subspecies
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174313FFBFFDFF4FBF10AC5BE3" authority="Olfers, 1816" authorityName="Olfers" authorityYear="1816" box="[600,1155,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Echinophthirius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="horridus" subSpecies="horridus">
<emphasis id="B957EA864313FFBFFDFF4FBF17F45BEC" box="[600,987,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Echinophthirius horridus horridus</emphasis>
(Olfers, 1816)
</taxonomicName>
. We follow Ferris (1951) and Durden &amp; Musser (1994a) in not recognising subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174313FFBFFCC34E5B10AF5A08" box="[868,1152,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Echinophthirius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horridus">
<emphasis id="B957EA864313FFBFFCC34E5B10AF5A08" box="[868,1152,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Echinophthirius horridus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944313FFBFFF304E30160E5A9C" blockId="4.[151,545,367,392]" box="[151,545,367,392]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174313FFBFFF304E30160E5A9C" authority="Enderlein, 1906" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,545,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Antarctophthirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B957EA864313FFBFFF304E30160E5A9C" bold="true" box="[151,545,367,392]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">
<emphasis id="B957EA864313FFBFFF304E3015715A9C" bold="true" box="[151,350,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Antarctophthirus</emphasis>
Enderlein, 1906
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C339651F4313FFBFFF304EE716B658E0" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9C36944313FFBFFF304EE7107C5992" blockId="4.[151,1437,440,799]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174313FFBFFF304EE716065ADA" authority="Enderlein, 1906: 661" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityPageNumber="661" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,553,440,462]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Antarctophthirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B957EA864313FFBFFF304EE7156C5ADA" box="[151,323,440,462]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Antarctophthirus</emphasis>
Enderlein, 1906: 661
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="549888364313FFBFFD924EE616485ADA" box="[565,615,441,462]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174313FFBFFD654EE710A25ADA" authority="Enderlein, 1906" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1906" box="[706,1165,440,462]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Antarctophthirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ogmorhini">
<emphasis id="B957EA864313FFBFFD654EE717CF5ADA" box="[706,992,440,462]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Antarctophthirus ogmorhini</emphasis>
Enderlein, 1906
</taxonomicName>
(by original designation). Dalla Torre 1908: 17; Enderlein 1909: 506, 508; Kellogg &amp; Ferris 1915: 48; Ferris 1916a: 182; Freund 1928: 17; Ewing 1929: 148; Ferris 1934: 484; Harrison 1937: 10; Webb 1949: 172, 185, table 3; Ferris 1951: 72; Blagoveshtchensky 1964: 326; Murray 1967: 189; Clay &amp; Moreby 1967: 166, figs 179180; Ludwig 1968: 258; Kim
<emphasis id="B957EA864313FFBFFBC34D4A10B7593E" box="[1124,1176,532,554]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">et al.</emphasis>
1975: 546; Murray 1976: 85, fig. 4.3; Ledger 1980: 206; Kim 1982b: 125; Ludwig 1982: 150; King 1983: 203; Kim 1985: 201, fig. 5.1c; Kim
<emphasis id="B957EA864313FFBFFACE4D6C11B2595C" box="[1385,1437,562,584]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">et al.</emphasis>
1986: 43; Zarubina 1986: 373; Kim 1988: 102, 107; Durden &amp; Musser 1994a: 6; Price &amp; Graham 1997: 113; Castro &amp; Cicchino 1998: 129; Pajot 2000: 31; Aznar
<emphasis id="B957EA864313FFBFFD264D2E169A5992" box="[641,693,624,646]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">et al.</emphasis>
2001: 403, fig. 4; Light
<emphasis id="B957EA864313FFBFFC0B4D2E17CF5992" box="[940,992,624,646]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">et al.</emphasis>
2010: 295.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944313FFBFFF304DD0155359D6" blockId="4.[151,1437,440,799]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">
<emphasis id="B957EA864313FFBFFF304DD0153259B1" box="[151,285,655,677]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Arctophtirius</emphasis>
Mjöberg, 1910: 177.
<typeStatus id="549888364313FFBFFDA74DD0161D59B0" box="[512,562,655,676]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<emphasis id="B957EA864313FFBFFD354DD0173759B1" box="[658,792,655,677]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Arctophtirius</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174313FFBFFC874DD0106E59B0" authority="(Bohemann, 1865)" authorityName="Bohemann" authorityYear="1865" baseAuthorityName="Bohemann" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[800,1089,654,677]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Antarctophthirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trichechi">
<emphasis id="B957EA864313FFBFFC874DD0175559B1" box="[800,890,655,677]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">trichechi</emphasis>
(Bohemann, 1865)
</taxonomicName>
(by monotypy). Synonymised by Ewing 1929: 149.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944313FFBFFF304D9310B859F5" blockId="4.[151,1437,440,799]" box="[151,1175,715,738]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">
<emphasis id="B957EA864313FFBFFF304D93150C59F6" box="[151,291,716,738]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Arctophthirus</emphasis>
Mjöberg, 1910; Kellogg &amp; Ferris 1915: 48; Ewing 1929: 149. Unjustified emendation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944313FFBFFF304DB517B85814" blockId="4.[151,1437,440,799]" box="[151,919,746,768]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174313FFBFFF304DB515D95814" authority="Enderlein, 1906" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,502,746,768]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Antarctophthirius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B957EA864313FFBFFF304DB515655814" box="[151,330,746,768]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Antarctophthirius</emphasis>
Enderlein, 1906
</taxonomicName>
; Ass 1934: 92; Ass 1963: 6. Misspelling.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944313FFBFFF304C5610C0580B" blockId="4.[151,1437,440,799]" box="[151,1263,777,799]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174313FFBFFF304C5615ED580B" authority="Eichler, 1941: 375" authorityName="Eichler" authorityPageNumber="375" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,450,777,799]" class="Insecta" family="Echinophthiriidae" genus="Achimella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B957EA864313FFBFFF304C5614D1580B" box="[151,254,777,799]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Achimella</emphasis>
Eichler, 1941: 375
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="549888364313FFBFFE6C4C5515D2580B" box="[459,509,778,799]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174313FFBFFDFD4C5517C7580B" authority="Osborn, 1899" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1899" box="[602,1000,777,799]" class="Insecta" family="Haematopinidae" genus="Haematopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callorhini">
<emphasis id="B957EA864313FFBFFDFD4C551778580B" box="[602,855,777,799]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Haematopinus callorhini</emphasis>
Osborn, 1899
</taxonomicName>
(by original designation).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944313FFBFFF304C1310035870" blockId="4.[151,1436,844,1012]" box="[151,1068,844,868]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">
<emphasis id="B957EA864313FFBFFF304C1314CE5870" bold="true" box="[151,225,844,868]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Hosts.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174313FFBFFF4F4C13157D5870" box="[232,338,844,868]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C234D174313FFBFFEFB4C13169C5870" authority="Otariidae-Seals" authorityName="Otariidae-Seals" box="[348,691,844,868]" class="Mammalia" family="Odobenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Odobenidae, Otariidae—Seals</taxonomicName>
, walruses, fur seals and sea lions.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C36944313FFBFFF604C3016B658E0" blockId="4.[151,1436,844,1012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">
<emphasis id="B957EA864313FFBFFF604C3015FA589C" bold="true" box="[199,469,879,904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Significant references.</emphasis>
Enderlein (1909: 508, key to species, many figures); Harrison (1937: 10, key to species); Webb (1949: 172, 185, phylogenetic relationships); Ferris (1951: 75, synonymy, key to species, notes); Clay &amp; Moreby (1967: 166, key to
<collectingCountry id="F33476044313FFBFFD8F4CE816BF58DB" box="[552,656,951,975]" name="Antarctica" pageId="4" pageNumber="449">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
species); Kim (1982b: 125, host specificity, phylogeny); Kim (1985: 201, evolution); Kim (1988: 102, phylogeny).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>