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<document id="47911FB1A25498DD58E92C4EE7220026" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.626.2.2" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10184436" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1700644207617" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Saavedra, Aljohn Jay L., Pitogo, Kier Mitchel E. &amp; Boos, Ronny" docDate="2023" docId="A83D879DFFF6D577FF288246FEB83796" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.626.2.2.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 626 (2)" docSource="https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.626.2.2/51298" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Pinalia campanulata Saavedra &amp; Pitogo 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="97" masterDocId="5404FFE5FFF4D573FFA08052FFAC3526" masterDocTitle="A new species of Pinalia (Orchidaceae) with bell-shaped flowers from the mossy forest of southern Mindanao, Philippines" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="93" pageNumber="95" updateTime="1700644588905" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="C75CBDB9BCE40BFE3DF80CDE16890F89" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="7D7D502D608680104F6915E9522360BF">
<mods:title id="A0A6E92EF000A2A839367D9D592BA4DF">A new species of Pinalia (Orchidaceae) with bell-shaped flowers from the mossy forest of southern Mindanao, Philippines</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="CEF89DCF320CD33C410B9DB9F55CEBD1" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F459E88D9A2CF968FA1DB97F81D6FEEF">
<mods:roleTerm id="9BD33C80A153727B6DF84FA929667127">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4A2C43EF58455D5EC21E2C4198A0D9CC">Saavedra, Aljohn Jay L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4D3229490CB0A9FFC39A565E43677167">Department of Environment and Natural Resources - Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office South Cotabato, Koronadal City 9506, South Cotabato, Philippines. &amp; School of Graduate Studies, Mindanao State University - General Santos, General Santos City 9500, Philippines.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:role id="25C88417B8507D429B49476BB3BC7054">
<mods:roleTerm id="736B4631B7DAE7AEFC01AE7130FA3744">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="EAB2187B7CDE62E1C6D38AB358939DF6">Pitogo, Kier Mitchel E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9A79B4422B6ABBDB95E016311134EB2F">Department of Environment and Natural Resources - Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office South Cotabato, Koronadal City 9506, South Cotabato, Philippines.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:role id="EB025085CD01E0164CC343173D3AB4E0">
<mods:roleTerm id="63207C36E297C2C54EDC769BA0CB4204">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CB343780DDA8CCB0130EEC9B36AE2296">Boos, Ronny</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B89D12023520C1615F80DF34884EFCB3">Abucay, Barangay 91, Malaki Subdivision, Quezon Boulevard, Tacloban City 6500, Leyte, Philippines.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:titleInfo id="5A21C375CE465C0175CFBE351F499A1F">
<mods:title id="7DA45DCED51E6866CC92A350C2D6FD46">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="4919B4DB45849C8753A1FF523ED2E582">
<mods:date id="40E660F70C5268D01AA538B17368FAC1">2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="5611DBCAC75D26A72BCD95668C726746" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="1E0AA435C63AC8246F6E643DECDB64A1">2023-11-22</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F3342FA314DCF6FC806DADA225C51B77">626</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="632D7328F664DE6E708AE6B48930D732" type="issue">
<mods:number id="4388D695D7259568CB8339ABA4D58990">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="20D20586C9941C3628C6A14F4DF2A7FD">93</mods:start>
<mods:end id="EDF93BA698B59CD575F6365515490B99">100</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="57CD3FC08173BEED1E4664DCC59B7951">https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.626.2.2/51298</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="6E6B05A497BB7BAE9EAE1382807870A0">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="63461840B51ADED2E20DEEC1AD6BB0A0" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.626.2.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3A365CFBC83B7DB3EC3A825B114FA4E3" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="AA2D4CCF47AE4E14F6D7002BB18BFD3D" type="Zenodo-Dep">10184436</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="A83D879DFFF6D577FF288246FEB83796" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A83D879DFFF6D577FF288246FEB83796" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A83D879DFFF6D577FF288246FEB83796" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
<subSubSection id="688E6500FFF6D571FF288246FCD13708" box="[136,893,532,559]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="202B368BFFF6D571FF288246FCD13708" blockId="2.[136,1451,532,630]" box="[136,893,532,559]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
<heading id="7B6381E7FFF6D571FF288246FCD13708" bold="true" box="[136,893,532,559]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" reason="1">
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF6D571FF288246FCD13708" bold="true" box="[136,893,532,559]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="E7944D08FFF6D571FF288246FDCE3708" authority="Saavedra &amp; Pitogo" authorityName="Saavedra &amp; Pitogo" authorityYear="2023" box="[136,610,532,559]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Pinalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campanulata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF6D571FF288246FED63709" bold="true" box="[136,378,532,559]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Pinalia campanulata</emphasis>
Saavedra &amp; Pitogo
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF6D571FDCA8246FD6C3708" bold="true" box="[618,704,532,558]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="09D357E2FFF6D571FDCA8246FD6C3708" box="[618,704,532,558]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="B8AF2A0EFFF6D571FD6F8246FC933708" box="[719,831,532,558]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,245,1798,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,350,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-95@3.[151,1436,350,1774]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Colored photos of Pinalia campanulata Saavedra &amp; Pitogo. A. Flowering plant. B. Inflorescence. C. Lateral view of the flower showing its campanulate shape. D. Column (with the pollinia, left). E. Labellum (flattened). F. Labellum with column (natural form). G. petals and sepals." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10184444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10184444/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Figures 2</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="B8AF2A0EFFF6D571FCC58246FCD83708" box="[869,884,532,558]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,245,1889,1915]" captionTargetBox="[156,1402,745,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-241@4.[151,1436,710,1865]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pinalia campanulata Saavedra &amp; Pitogo.A. Underside view of a flowering plant. B. Top view of labellum. C. Column (with the pollinia, left). D. Front view of flower. E. Lateral view of flower. F. Petals, sepals, and labellum (flattened). Illustrated by Larie Dianco." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10184446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10184446/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">3</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="688E6500FFF6D571FF28826EFBF83753" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="202B368BFFF6D571FF28826EFBF83753" blockId="2.[136,1451,532,630]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF6D571FF28826EFF763777" bold="true" box="[136,218,572,593]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Type:—</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="90FC3CD6FFF6D571FF7A826EFD723753" collectingDate="2022-08-19" collectionCode="AJ" country="Philippines" county="Mindanao island" elevation="1720" latitude="6.2179" location="Allah Valley Protected Landscape" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="124.6235" municipality="Municipality of Lake" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South Cotabato">
<collectingCountry id="5883761BFFF6D571FF7A826EFEC73777" box="[218,363,572,593]" name="Philippines" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">PHILIPPINES</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingCounty id="C94A4E07FFF6D571FED4826EFDB43774" box="[372,536,572,594]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Mindanao island</collectingCounty>
:
<collectingRegion id="E250F869FFF6D571FD81826EFCB83774" box="[545,788,572,594]" country="Philippines" name="South Cotabato" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">South Cotabato Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="C04FACF1FFF6D571FCBD826EFC453774" box="[797,1001,572,594]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Municipality of Lake</collectingMunicipality>
<collectingRegion id="E250F869FFF6D571FC4F826EFB8D3774" box="[1007,1057,572,594]" country="Philippines" name="Cebu" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Sebu</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="254B6050FFF6D571FB8A826EFADE3774" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A83D879DFFF6D577FF288246FEB83796:254B6050FFF6D571FB8A826EFADE3774" box="[1066,1394,572,594]" country="Philippines" county="Mindanao island" latitude="6.2179" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="124.6235" municipality="Municipality of Lake" name="Allah Valley Protected Landscape" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" stateProvince="South Cotabato">
<location id="254B6050FFF6D571FB8A826EFB0E3774" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A83D879DFFF6D577FF288246FEB83796:254B6050FFF6D571FB8A826EFB0E3774" box="[1066,1186,572,594]" country="Philippines" county="Mindanao island" latitude="6.2179" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="124.6235" municipality="Municipality of Lake" name="Allah Valley" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" stateProvince="South Cotabato">
Allah
<location id="254B6050FFF6D571FBC5826EFB0E3774" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A83D879DFFF6D577FF288246FEB83796:254B6050FFF6D571FBC5826EFB0E3774" box="[1125,1186,572,594]" country="Philippines" county="Mindanao island" latitude="6.2179" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="124.6235" municipality="Municipality of Lake" name="Valley Protected Landscape" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" stateProvince="South Cotabato">Valley</location>
</location>
Protected Landscape
</location>
,
<quantity id="E76C9B6EFFF6D571FADB826EFF7C3753" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.72" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" unit="m" value="1720.0">
<elevation id="ABB9D1B8FFF6D571FADB826EFF7C3753" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.72" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" unit="m" value="1720.0">1720 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elevation,
<geoCoordinate id="45A0504CFFF6D571FE9A8232FE313753" box="[314,413,608,630]" degrees="6.2179" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" precision="5" value="6.2179">6.2179° N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="45A0504CFFF6D571FE038232FDBB3750" box="[419,535,608,630]" degrees="124.6235" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" precision="5" value="124.6235">124.6235°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="542A104BFFF6D571FD818232FD103753" box="[545,700,608,629]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" value="2022-08-19">
<collectingDate id="446EE9A3FFF6D571FD818232FD103753" box="[545,700,608,629]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" value="2022-08-19">19 August 2022</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectionCode id="4685AE4EFFF6D571FD658232FD723753" box="[709,734,608,629]" country="Japan" name="Central Research Laboratories" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF6D571FD658232FD723753" box="[709,734,608,629]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">AJ</emphasis>
</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="90FC3CD6FFF6D571FD458232FBF83753" box="[741,1108,608,630]" collectionCode="PNH" country="Philippines" location="Saavedra" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF6D571FD458232FC0C3753" box="[741,928,608,629]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
<location id="254B6050FFF6D571FD458232FCEC3753" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A83D879DFFF6D577FF288246FEB83796:254B6050FFF6D571FD458232FCEC3753" box="[741,832,608,629]" country="Philippines" name="Saavedra" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Saavedra</location>
AJS 0001
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="FF2F8829FFF6D571FC0D8232FBA73750" box="[941,1035,608,630]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="4685AE4EFFF6D571FBB48232FBE63753" box="[1044,1098,608,629]" country="Philippines" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15314" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15314" name="National Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" type="Herbarium">PNH</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="688E6500FFF6D571FF2882F6FDA43668" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="202B368BFFF6D571FF2882F6FDA43668" blockId="2.[136,1452,676,2071]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF6D571FF2882F6FE8D3798" bold="true" box="[136,289,676,702]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Diagnosis:—</emphasis>
The new species is related to
<taxonomicName id="E7944D08FFF6D571FDC382F6FC693799" authority="(Lindl.) Kuntze" authorityName="Kuntze" baseAuthorityName="Lindl." box="[611,965,676,703]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Pinalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polyura">
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF6D571FDC382F6FCBE3798" box="[611,786,676,702]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Pinalia polyura</emphasis>
(Lindl.) Kuntze
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="44054B7AFFF6D571FC4582F6FB0C3799" author="Ames, O." box="[997,1184,676,703]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" pagination="1905 - 22" refId="ref2983" refString="Ames, O. (1905) Orchidaceae: illustrations and studies of the family Orchidaceae: Vol. fasc. 1. Boston, Houghton, Mifflin, 1905 - 22. Available from: https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 52843 (accessed: 25 August 2022)." type="book chapter" year="1905">Ames (1905: 95)</bibRefCitation>
but with a much shorter inflorescence (1–4 vs.
<quantity id="E76C9B6EFFF6D571FE2B829AFE5237C4" box="[395,510,712,738]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" unit="cm" value="12.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="10.0">10–14 cm</quantity>
) bearing fewer flowers (10–18 vs. up to 40), oblong-elliptic sepals and petals (vs. ovate- to triangular-lanceolate lateral sepals and cordate petals), trilobed labellum (
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF6D571FB8E82BFFBE03620" box="[1070,1100,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">vs.</emphasis>
unlobed) that is weakly keeled (vs. bicarinate) and having a deltate callus on disc (vs. purple tubercle). The new species is also distinguished by its prominently campanulate flowers.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="688E6500FFF6D571FF1D830AFBCF304C" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" type="description">
<paragraph id="202B368BFFF6D571FF1D830AFBCF304C" blockId="2.[136,1452,676,2071]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF6D571FF1D830AFEC13654" bold="true" box="[189,365,856,882]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Description:—</emphasis>
Epiphytic, semi-pendulous herb up to
<quantity id="E76C9B6EFFF6D571FC8A830AFCDF3655" box="[810,883,856,883]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity>
long.
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF6D571FC61830AFBFC3654" box="[961,1104,856,882]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Pseudobulbs</emphasis>
branching, laterally flattened,
<quantity id="E76C9B6EFFF6D571FF28832EFEAF36B1" box="[136,259,892,919]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" unit="mm" value="55.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="50.0">50–60 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="E76C9B6EFFF6D571FEEC832EFE1D36B1" box="[332,433,892,919]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.14" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" unit="mm" value="11.4">11.4 mm</quantity>
wide above the middle, fleshy, partly covered with appressed sheaths up to
<quantity id="E76C9B6EFFF6D571FABA832EFAC636B1" box="[1306,1386,892,919]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
long, bearing 2–3 leaves.
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF6D571FEC783F3FE0B369C" box="[359,423,929,954]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Roots</emphasis>
long, slender, to
<quantity id="E76C9B6EFFF6D571FDC783F2FD10369D" box="[615,700,928,955]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
thick.
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF6D571FCA883F2FCE5369C" box="[776,841,928,954]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Stems</emphasis>
terete, covered with laxly spaced sheaths up to
<quantity id="E76C9B6EFFF6D571FAFD83F2FA00369D" box="[1373,1452,928,955]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
long, internodes
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long, getting longer distally.
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF6D571FD5B8397FCE536F8" box="[763,841,965,990]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Leaves</emphasis>
lanceolate, apex obliquely acute or subacute, glabrous, entire, 7–10 ×
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.
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF6D571FE3E83BAFD983124" box="[414,564,1000,1026]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Inflorescence</emphasis>
1 or 2, lateral near or at the apex of the pseudobulb, raceme, glabrescent,
<quantity id="E76C9B6EFFF6D571FAC583BAFF183101" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" unit="mm" value="25.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="10.0">10–40 mm</quantity>
long, dense bearing 10–18 closely-spaced flowers, peduncle
<quantity id="E76C9B6EFFF6D571FCD4845EFC7F3101" box="[884,979,1036,1063]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="3.0">3–9 mm</quantity>
long; floral bracts ovate, acute, reflexed, 3.8 ×
<quantity id="E76C9B6EFFF6D571FF6C8462FE8A316D" box="[204,294,1072,1099]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1 mm</quantity>
, greenish cream;
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF6D571FE4F8462FD64316C" box="[495,712,1072,1098]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Ovary with pedicel</emphasis>
terete, glabrous,
<quantity id="E76C9B6EFFF6D571FC2E8462FC49316D" box="[910,997,1072,1099]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
long;
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF6D571FB908462FB20316C" box="[1072,1164,1072,1098]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Flowers</emphasis>
resupinate, campanulate, not widely open, glabrous, crystal white,
<quantity id="E76C9B6EFFF6D571FDF98406FD033149" box="[601,687,1108,1135]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" unit="mm" value="6.8">6.8 mm</quantity>
long, labellum white with a shade of burgundy in basal half.
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF6D571FAC28406FA073148" box="[1378,1451,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Sepals</emphasis>
oblong-elliptic, apex obtuse, 3-veined.
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF6D571FD9E842AFD6231B4" box="[574,718,1144,1170]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Dorsal sepal</emphasis>
<quantity id="E76C9B6EFFF6D571FD76842AFCE431B5" box="[726,840,1144,1171]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" metricValueMax="5.3" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" unit="mm" value="5.15" valueMax="5.3" valueMin="5.0">5–5.3 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="E76C9B6EFFF6D571FC2E842AFC4931B5" box="[910,997,1144,1171]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
wide.
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF6D571FB90842AFB6331B4" box="[1072,1231,1144,1170]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Lateral sepals</emphasis>
<quantity id="E76C9B6EFFF6D571FB77842AFA9831B5" box="[1239,1332,1144,1171]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="E76C9B6EFFF6D571FADA842AFF723191" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" unit="mm" value="2.65" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="2.6">2.6– 2.7 mm</quantity>
wide, mentum less prominent.
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF6D571FDE084CEFD2A3190" box="[576,646,1180,1206]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Petals</emphasis>
oblong, subacute, 3-veined,
<quantity id="E76C9B6EFFF6D571FC6A84CEFB903191" box="[970,1084,1180,1207]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" metricValueMax="6.2" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" unit="mm" value="6.1" valueMax="6.2" valueMin="6.0">6–6.2 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="E76C9B6EFFF6D571FB2384CEFB5A3191" box="[1155,1270,1180,1207]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" unit="mm" value="2.05" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="2.0">2–2.1 mm</quantity>
wide.
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF6D571FAE284CEFA003190" box="[1346,1452,1180,1206]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Labellum</emphasis>
slightly decurved, trilobed,
<quantity id="E76C9B6EFFF6D571FE618492FDAF31FD" box="[449,515,1216,1243]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="E76C9B6EFFF6D571FDEC8492FD2331FD" box="[588,655,1216,1243]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
wide between the apices of lateral lobes when flattened, single fleshy dentate callus on the disc, weakly keeled; lateral lobes prominent, erect, curving inwards to partly embrace column, ovate, rounded, outer margin slightly sinuate; mid-lobe porrect,
<quantity id="E76C9B6EFFF6D571FCF2855AFC3D3005" box="[850,913,1288,1315]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" unit="m" value="1.2">1.2 m</quantity>
wide, ovate, apex acute, margins erose.
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF6D571FAF3855AFA003004" box="[1363,1452,1288,1314]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Column</emphasis>
terete, partly curved, up to
<quantity id="E76C9B6EFFF6D571FE67857EFD8D3061" box="[455,545,1324,1351]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
long, burgundy; column foot
<quantity id="E76C9B6EFFF6D571FC21857EFC763061" box="[897,986,1324,1351]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
long, pale pink, with a burgundy warty protrusion at the base.
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF6D571FE268502FE7E304C" box="[390,466,1360,1386]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Anther</emphasis>
orbicular in front.
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF6D571FD078502FCAD304C" box="[679,769,1360,1386]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Pollinia</emphasis>
8, obovoid, yellow, very small.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="688E6500FFF6D571FF1D8526FB9C3388" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="202B368BFFF6D571FF1D8526FEC53094" blockId="2.[136,1452,676,2071]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF6D571FF1D8526FED930A8" bold="true" box="[189,373,1396,1422]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Distribution:—</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="5883761BFFF6D571FED58526FE5B30A8" box="[373,503,1396,1422]" name="Philippines" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Philippines</collectingCountry>
. Provinces of
<collectingRegion id="E250F869FFF6D571FD008526FCBC30A8" box="[672,784,1396,1422]" country="Philippines" name="Sarangani" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Sarangani</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="E250F869FFF6D571FCEE8526FBAC30A8" box="[846,1024,1396,1422]" country="Philippines" name="South Cotabato" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">South Cotabato</collectingRegion>
(Allah Valley Protected Landscape), southern Mindanao.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202B368BFFF6D571FF1D85EEFBE433AC" blockId="2.[136,1452,676,2071]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF6D571FF1D85EEFE7430F0" bold="true" box="[189,472,1468,1494]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Habitat and Ecology:—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E7944D08FFF6D571FE7885EEFD6F30F0" box="[472,707,1468,1494]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Pinalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campanulata">
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF6D571FE7885EEFD6F30F0" box="[472,707,1468,1494]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Pinalia campanulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from the mossy forest of the Busa Mountain Range between 1,550 and
<quantity id="E76C9B6EFFF6D571FEC385B2FE6C30DD" box="[355,448,1504,1531]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" unit="m" value="1750.0">1,750 m</quantity>
elevation in southern Mindanao. This small epiphytic herb often grows on moss-covered tree trunks at about
<quantity id="E76C9B6EFFF6D571FEC38656FE783339" box="[355,468,1540,1567]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" unit="m" value="2.0" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.5 m</quantity>
above the forest floor, lower than most congeners growing in the area. During our threeyear extensive fieldwork, only five (5) individuals were recorded on the northern slope in
<collectingRegion id="E250F869FFF6D571FBDC867AFA863364" box="[1148,1322,1576,1602]" country="Philippines" name="South Cotabato" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">South Cotabato</collectingRegion>
(within the AVPL) and only one (1) individual on the southern slope in
<collectingRegion id="E250F869FFF6D571FC98861EFC003340" box="[824,940,1612,1638]" country="Philippines" name="Sarangani" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Sarangani</collectingRegion>
. The flowers are often visited by leaf beetles (
<taxonomicName id="E7944D08FFF6D571FF318622FE9733AC" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[145,315,1648,1674]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF6D571FF318622FE9733AC" box="[145,315,1648,1674]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Chrysomelidae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), which may be potential pollinators or predators of this new species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202B368BFFF6D571FF1D86C6FB9C3388" blockId="2.[136,1452,676,2071]" box="[189,1072,1684,1711]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF6D571FF1D86C6FEF33388" bold="true" box="[189,351,1684,1710]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Phenology:—</emphasis>
Plants were observed flowering in April and August–September.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="688E6500FFF6D570FF1D86EAFCA2346E" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="202B368BFFF6D571FF1D86EAFF4D323C" blockId="2.[136,1452,676,2071]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF6D571FF1D86EAFEE433F4" bold="true" box="[189,328,1720,1746]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Etymology:</emphasis>
—The specific epithet, campanulata, is reminiscent of the prominently bell-shaped flowers of this species that do not open widely. To our knowledge, the shape of
<taxonomicName id="E7944D08FFF6D571FCF1868FFC5133D0" box="[849,1021,1756,1782]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Pinalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campanulata">
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF6D571FCF1868FFC5133D0" box="[849,1021,1756,1782]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">P. campanulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
flowers is quite unique among
<taxonomicName id="E7944D08FFF6D571FAF9868EFF4D323C" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Pinalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF6D571FAF9868EFA0733D0" box="[1369,1451,1756,1782]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Pinalia</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202B368BFFF6D570FF1D8776FCA2346E" blockId="2.[136,1452,676,2071]" lastBlockId="3.[136,1451,158,329]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF6D571FF1D8776FE7A3218" bold="true" box="[189,470,1828,1854]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Conservation Status:—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E7944D08FFF6D571FE768776FD6F3218" box="[470,707,1828,1854]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Pinalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campanulata">
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF6D571FE768776FD6F3218" box="[470,707,1828,1854]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Pinalia campanulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only at two (2) sites in the Busa mountain range and is restricted so far to higher elevations (&gt; 1,500 meters) despite our continued, extensive orchid surveys within the KBA 196 and neighboring Mount Matutum since 2019. Its habitat in Lake
<collectingRegion id="E250F869FFF6D571FC29873EFC6D32A0" box="[905,961,1900,1926]" country="Philippines" name="Cebu" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Sebu</collectingRegion>
is within the AVPL, an initial component of the NIPAS and legally protected under the Philippine Republic Act No. 11038. However, legal protection of its habitat does not guarantee protection from the illicit collection of wild orchid populations, which have been documented within the mountain range (
<bibRefCitation id="44054B7AFFF6D571FE6C878AFD4232D4" author="Saavedra, A. J. L. &amp; Pitogo, K. M. E." box="[460,750,2008,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" pagination="151 - 163" refId="ref3822" refString="Saavedra, A. J. L. &amp; Pitogo, K. M. E. (2021) Richness and distribution of orchids (Orchidaceae) in the forests of Mount Busa, Sarangani, Southern Mindanao, Philippines. Philippine Journal of Science 150 (S 1): 151 - 163. https: // doi. org / 10.56899 / 150. S 1.10" type="journal article" year="2021">Saavedra &amp; Pitogo 2021</bibRefCitation>
; DENR 2022). Besides, the IUCN (2012) clearly states that the criteria are to be applied regardless of the level of conservation action done for the species. Since epiphytic orchids less likely exhibit microendemism in Philippine mountains, we expect new records of this species will likely come out from the relatively intact and unsurveyed montane forests of the neighboring mountain ranges of Kidapong, Daguma, Malibato, and Tampakan Highlands (ca.&gt;
<quantity id="E76C9B6EFFF7D570FD7980B4FCF83426" box="[729,852,230,256]" metricMagnitude="7" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" unit="km" value="20000.0">20,000 km</quantity>
<superScript id="D7E19BC3FFF7D570FCF480B4FCF035D2" attach="left" box="[852,860,230,244]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">2</superScript>
). In view of this information, we proposed to have
<taxonomicName id="E7944D08FFF7D570FF288159FE9B3402" box="[136,311,266,292]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Pinalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campanulata">
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF7D570FF288159FE9B3402" box="[136,311,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">P. campanulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
provisionally classified as Near Threatened following the IUCN Categories and Criteria version 3.1 (IUCN, 2012) until more empirical field data is available.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="74EB6603FFF7D570FF288754FCEE324E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10184444" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10184444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10184444/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" startId="3.[136,245,1798,1824]" targetBox="[151,1436,350,1774]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="202B368BFFF7D570FF288754FCEE324E" blockId="3.[136,1452,1798,1897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF7D570FF288754FEB83206" bold="true" box="[136,276,1798,1824]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Colored photos of
<taxonomicName id="E7944D08FFF7D570FE598754FBDF3206" authority="Saavedra &amp; Pitogo. A. Flowering" box="[505,1139,1798,1824]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Pinalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campanulata">
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF7D570FE598754FD4B3206" box="[505,743,1798,1824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Pinalia campanulata</emphasis>
Saavedra &amp; Pitogo. A. Flowering
</taxonomicName>
plant. B. Inflorescence. C. Lateral view of the flower showing its campanulate shape. D. Column (with the pollinia, left). E. Labellum (flattened). F. Labellum with column (natural form). G. petals and sepals.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="688E6500FFF7D577FF1D87C4FEB83796" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="202B368BFFF7D577FF1D87C4FDA4344A" blockId="3.[136,1452,1942,2077]" lastBlockId="4.[136,1452,158,688]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF7D570FF1D87C4FECD3296" bold="true" box="[189,353,1942,1968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Discussion:—</emphasis>
We assign
<taxonomicName id="E7944D08FFF7D570FE7B87C5FD253296" box="[475,649,1942,1968]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Pinalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campanulata">
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF7D570FE7B87C5FD253296" box="[475,649,1942,1968]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">P. campanulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the section
<taxonomicName id="E7944D08FFF7D570FC9087C4FC263296" box="[816,906,1942,1968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" rank="section" section="Polyura">
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF7D570FC9087C4FC263296" box="[816,906,1942,1968]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Polyura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for having branching pseudobulbs and a shorter labellum than sepals, which is adorned with a dentate fleshy callus (
<bibRefCitation id="44054B7AFFF7D570FCCF87E8FBF832F2" author="Ormerod, P. &amp; Naive, M. A. &amp; Cootes, J." box="[879,1108,1978,2004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" pagination="281 - 290" refId="ref4152" refString="Ormerod, P., Naive, M. A. &amp; Cootes, J. (2019) Notes on Some Malesian Orchidaceae. Harvard Papers in Botany 24 (2): 281 - 290. https: // doi. org / 10.3100 / hpib. v 24 iss 2.2019. n 15" type="journal article" year="2019">
Ormerod
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF7D570FC7B87E9FBBE32F2" box="[987,1042,1978,2004]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
). The new species superficially resembles the flowers of
<taxonomicName id="E7944D08FFF7D570FE3F878DFDBD32DE" box="[415,529,2014,2040]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Pinalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polyura">
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF7D570FE3F878DFDBD32DE" box="[415,529,2014,2040]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">P. polyura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but differs in many floral aspects, most notably the floral measurements and shape of the labellum. This new species is distinguished among the Philippine species of
<taxonomicName id="E7944D08FFF7D570FBB28850FB573D3A" box="[1042,1275,2050,2077]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Pinalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Polyura">
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF7D570FBB28850FBC83D3A" box="[1042,1124,2050,2076]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Pinalia</emphasis>
sect.
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF7D570FB018850FB573D3A" box="[1185,1275,2050,2076]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Polyura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its relatively much shorter inflorescence (
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vs.
<quantity id="E76C9B6EFFF0D577FDE480CCFD08359F" box="[580,676,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" unit="cm" value="10.0" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="3.0">3–17 cm</quantity>
in other species), larger flowers relative to inflorescence length (petal length/inflorescence length 0.15 vs. 0.01–0.11), and trilobed labellum with prominent lateral lobes that partly embrace the column. Floral measurements closely approach
<taxonomicName id="E7944D08FFF0D577FD6C80B5FBCA3426" authority="Hayata (1912: 137)" authorityName="Hayata" authorityPageNumber="137" authorityYear="1912" box="[716,1126,230,257]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Pinalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosiflora">
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF0D577FD6C80B5FC273426" box="[716,907,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">P. tomentosiflora</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="44054B7AFFF0D577FC3380B5FBCA3426" author="Hayata, B." box="[915,1126,230,257]" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" pagination="1911 - 1921" refId="ref3249" refString="Hayata, B. (1912) Icones plantarum formosanarum nec non et contributiones ad floram formosanam: or, Icones of the plants of Formosa, and materials for a flora of the island, based on a study of the collections of the Botanical survey of the Government of Formosa. Vol. 2. Taihoku Bureau of Productive Industry, Government of Formosa 1911 - 1921. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 18786" type="book chapter" year="1912">Hayata (1912:137)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
but
<taxonomicName id="E7944D08FFF0D577FB3A80B5FAE43426" box="[1178,1352,230,256]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Pinalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campanulata">
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF0D577FB3A80B5FAE43426" box="[1178,1352,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">P. campanulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily distinguished by its glabrescent inflorescence and outside surface of sepals (vs. tomentose) and longer lip (
<quantity id="E76C9B6EFFF0D577FAF28158FA003403" box="[1362,1452,266,293]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="3.8">3.8 mm</quantity>
vs.
<quantity id="E76C9B6EFFF0D577FF11817CFEA5346E" box="[177,265,302,329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
) with a single deltoid callus on disc (vs. four linear discs). This new species is also distinguished by its prominently campanulate flowers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="202B368BFFF0D577FF1D8124FEB83796" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,688]" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">
Our discovery of
<taxonomicName id="E7944D08FFF0D577FEDF8125FD8734B6" box="[383,555,374,400]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Pinalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campanulata">
<emphasis id="12E0EA99FFF0D577FEDF8125FD8734B6" box="[383,555,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">P. campanulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
underpins the importance of continuously doing field-based research in southern Mindanao. It is among the least biologically explored regions in the
<collectingCountry id="5883761BFFF0D577FCDE81C8FC533492" box="[894,1023,410,436]" name="Philippines" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, owing to logistical difficulty, security issues, and bureaucracy that impede fieldwork in the area (
<bibRefCitation id="44054B7AFFF0D577FCB181ECFB8A34FE" author="Saavedra, A. J. L. &amp; Pitogo, K. M. E." box="[785,1062,446,472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" pagination="151 - 163" refId="ref3822" refString="Saavedra, A. J. L. &amp; Pitogo, K. M. E. (2021) Richness and distribution of orchids (Orchidaceae) in the forests of Mount Busa, Sarangani, Southern Mindanao, Philippines. Philippine Journal of Science 150 (S 1): 151 - 163. https: // doi. org / 10.56899 / 150. S 1.10" type="journal article" year="2021">Pitogo &amp; Saavedra 2021</bibRefCitation>
). These challenges are exacerbated by the general lack of expertise (e.g., field biologists, biodiversity scientists, and taxonomists) in the region. Despite these limitations, recent botanical studies in southern Mindanao have shown significant levels of diversity that need immediate scientific and conservation attention (
<bibRefCitation id="44054B7AFFF0D577FD088278FC123762" author="Saavedra, A. J. L. &amp; Pitogo, K. M. E." box="[680,958,554,580]" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" pagination="151 - 163" refId="ref3822" refString="Saavedra, A. J. L. &amp; Pitogo, K. M. E. (2021) Richness and distribution of orchids (Orchidaceae) in the forests of Mount Busa, Sarangani, Southern Mindanao, Philippines. Philippine Journal of Science 150 (S 1): 151 - 163. https: // doi. org / 10.56899 / 150. S 1.10" type="journal article" year="2021">Saavedra &amp; Pitogo 2021</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="44054B7AFFF0D577FC6A8278FBC43762" author="Obemio, C. D. G." box="[970,1128,554,580]" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" refId="ref4057" refString="Obemio, C. D. G. (2022) Floristics and dynamics of Pteridophytes in Mount Matutum Protected Landscape (MMPL), South Central Mindanao, Philippines. Unpublished M. Sc. Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Banos." type="book" year="2022">Obemio 2022</bibRefCitation>
). Thus, we recommend more extensive surveys in the mountains/mountain ranges of Busa, Malibato, Daguma, Kidapong, Matutum, Tampakan Highlands, and Latian to address the knowledge shortfalls that limit our understanding of southern Mindanao’s biodiversity.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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