171 lines
18 KiB
XML
171 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="7B61D000876F1C56F778637CB258B389" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3936.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="60942119-aabc-4fba-b245-ac8441ca2397" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="237278" ID-ZooBank="B1F90AE0-B6C4-449B-B9B5-2E47DF321910" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461012853524" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Conradie, Werner, Branch, William R. & Watson, Gillian" docDate="2015" docId="2E7387E1EF07FFB8FF76FAF9FB3DFE8C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03936p070.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3936 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Bufo regularis subsp. pardalis Hewitt 1935" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" masterDocId="D24AFF99EF0AFFB7FFE1FFADFFECFF91" masterDocTitle="Type specimens in the Port Elizabeth Museum, South Africa, including the historically important Albany Museum collection. Part 1: Amphibians" updateTime="1698567897935" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="2A2E4328E9DD67F671D533B516E9026D">
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<mods:title id="199B4C31098DB8A27471CA1E79B234E0">Type specimens in the Port Elizabeth Museum, South Africa, including the historically important Albany Museum collection. Part 1: Amphibians</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="357D272E5DC1F9968A87D026559255DC" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="8F3C9CD46E5F7C424BB5874E3CC186FE">Conradie, Werner</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="123793F979DEE32C89BE4DB42CFAFEB5">Branch, William R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="2C3C25E1B011EC453EE4236946D5F5D6" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="13A0A16FF6933674C14BA1BF8FD22DB9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="BC38CB2228FC16F2491B542B850FFB6A">Watson, Gillian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="89537E0BEAED6E47566F42E8B24F3005">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="A246E8D9C58B84F06A71D21F1A3B40D2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E319B4A438375B1529D0D662F191867A">
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<mods:date id="646302A7B8E71326A6EFCE546647E8F8">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E069096242E34CE0D6D072F80C4E8E87" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="8E35CED916B71E353A85ADCFDA5C040C">3936</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9745827250DAD4DAF2B054D8474F1ABA">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="B9C728913B868720FF2FC05899DB32DA">journal volume</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B5098129567E787DE546738D5F0DE9B2" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3936.1.2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3650D7820E7E705375D8074554BE09A7" type="GBIF-Dataset">60942119-aabc-4fba-b245-ac8441ca2397</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4F7019C0BD8C037FE24516977153EDCB" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4474066D6C49A3E649B587C0CD5BFF87" type="Zenodo-Dep">237278</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="2E7387E1EF07FFB8FF76FAF9FB3DFE8C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5612096" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119600733" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5612096" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2E7387E1EF07FFB8FF76FAF9FB3DFE8C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2E7387E1EF07FFB8FF76FAF9FB3DFE8C" lastPageId="15" pageId="13">
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<subSubSection id="EEC0657CEF07FFBAFF76FAF9FBF5F9CC" pageId="13" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A66536F7EF07FFBAFF76FAF9FDA3FAFF" blockId="13.[151,591,1364,1390]" box="[151,591,1364,1390]" pageId="13">
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<heading id="FD2D819BEF07FFBAFF76FAF9FDA3FAFF" bold="true" box="[151,591,1364,1390]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="61DA4D74EF07FFBAFF76FAF9FDA3FAFF" ID-CoL="NPC8" authority="Hewitt 1935" authorityName="Hewitt" authorityYear="1935" box="[151,591,1364,1390]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="regularis" subSpecies="pardalis">
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||
<emphasis id="94AEEAE5EF07FFBAFF76FAF9FDA3FAFF" bold="true" box="[151,591,1364,1390]" pageId="13">
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<emphasis id="94AEEAE5EF07FFBAFF76FAF9FE5DFAFF" bold="true" box="[151,433,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="13">Bufo regularis pardalis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="C24B4B06EF07FFBAFE59FAF9FDA3FAFF" author="Hewitt" box="[440,591,1364,1390]" pageId="13" refString="Hewitt, J. (1935) Some new forms of batrachians and reptiles from South Africa. Records of the Albany Museum, 4, 283 - 357." type="journal article" year="1935">Hewitt 1935</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A66536F7EF07FFBAFF76FA37FDA7FA21" blockId="13.[151,701,1434,1487]" box="[151,587,1434,1456]" pageId="13">Records of the Albany Museum, 4(2): 288.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A66536F7EF07FFBAFF76FA14FD51FA5E" blockId="13.[151,701,1434,1487]" box="[151,701,1465,1487]" pageId="13">
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Current name:
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<taxonomicName id="61DA4D74EF07FFBAFECEFA14FD51FA5E" authority="Hewitt, 1935" authorityName="Hewitt" authorityYear="1935" box="[303,701,1465,1487]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pardalis">
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<emphasis id="94AEEAE5EF07FFBAFECEFA14FDCEFA5E" box="[303,546,1465,1487]" italics="true" pageId="13">Amietophrynus pardalis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="C24B4B06EF07FFBAFDCEFA14FD5AFA5E" author="Hewitt" box="[559,694,1465,1487]" pageId="13" refString="Hewitt, J. (1935) Some new forms of batrachians and reptiles from South Africa. Records of the Albany Museum, 4, 283 - 357." type="journal article" year="1935">Hewitt, 1935</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A66536F7EF07FFBAFF76FA50FCEDF9A9" blockId="13.[151,1436,1532,2025]" pageId="13">
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<typeStatus id="79618855EF07FFBAFF76FA50FEE8F985" box="[151,260,1533,1556]" pageId="13" type="lectotype">
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<emphasis id="94AEEAE5EF07FFBAFF76FA50FEE8F985" box="[151,260,1533,1556]" italics="true" pageId="13">Lectotype</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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: PEM A837 (formerly AMG 7248); Gleniffer, Kei Road, Eastern Cape Province,
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<collectingCountry id="DECD7667EF07FFBAFB25FA51FAB6F984" box="[1220,1370,1532,1557]" name="South Africa" pageId="13">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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; G.A. Ranger, date unknown (potentially early
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<date id="D2641037EF07FFBAFD81F98DFD18F9A9" box="[608,756,1568,1592]" pageId="13" value="1934-08">August 1934</date>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A66536F7EF07FFBAFF26F9E9FBF5F9CC" blockId="13.[151,1436,1532,2025]" box="[199,1049,1604,1629]" pageId="13">
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<emphasis id="94AEEAE5EF07FFBAFF26F9E9FE88F9CC" box="[199,356,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="13">Allolectotype:</emphasis>
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PEM A838 (formerly AMG 7248); same details as
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<typeStatus id="79618855EF07FFBAFC4BF9E9FBF9F9CC" box="[938,1045,1604,1629]" pageId="13" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EEC0657CEF07FFB8FF26F9C5FB3DFE8C" lastPageId="15" pageId="13" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="A66536F7EF07FFB9FF26F9C5FDA3FF44" blockId="13.[151,1436,1532,2025]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="14" pageId="13">
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<emphasis id="94AEEAE5EF07FFBAFF26F9C5FED7F911" bold="true" box="[199,315,1640,1664]" pageId="13">Remarks.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="61DA4D74EF07FFBAFEA5F9CAFDBFF911" box="[324,595,1639,1664]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pardalis">
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<emphasis id="94AEEAE5EF07FFBAFEA5F9CAFDBFF911" box="[324,595,1639,1664]" italics="true" pageId="13">Amietophrynus pardalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="61DA4D74EF07FFBAFD71F9C4FD08F911" box="[656,740,1641,1664]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rangeri">
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<emphasis id="94AEEAE5EF07FFBAFD71F9C4FD08F911" box="[656,740,1641,1664]" italics="true" pageId="13">rangeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are very similar in appearance and occur in microsympatry, such that both have the same
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<typeStatus id="79618855EF07FFBAFE0FF920FDF2F934" box="[494,542,1677,1701]" pageId="13">type</typeStatus>
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locality. It was Ranger’s observations on his farm of a difference in breeding season between the two toads that led Hewitt to describe two new taxa. However, due to their very similar morphologies, Hewitt described them as sympatric subspecies, with no geographical separation, and noted (p. 283): “These two Gleniffer forms are clearly closely allied, and their status as geographical subspecies may seem somewhat arbitrary”. At the time Hewitt was struggling to make sense of a bewildering diversity of toads in southern Africa, many of which were considered simply regional variants of a wide-ranging
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<taxonomicName id="61DA4D74EF07FFBAFB15F8EDFE84F8ED" authority="Boulenger 1881" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1881" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regularis">
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<emphasis id="94AEEAE5EF07FFBAFB15F8EDFA77F8C9" box="[1268,1435,1855,1880]" italics="true" pageId="13">Bufo regularis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="C24B4B06EF07FFBAFF7FF8C9FEB3F8ED" author="Boulenger" box="[158,351,1892,1917]" pageId="13" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1881 " 1880 ") On the Palaearctic and Aethiopian species of Bufo. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1880, 545 - 574." type="journal article" year="1881">Boulenger 1881</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. The latter is now restricted to north of the equator, with the
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<taxonomicName id="61DA4D74EF07FFBAFB93F8C9FB34F8EC" box="[1138,1240,1892,1917]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regularis">
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<emphasis id="94AEEAE5EF07FFBAFB93F8C9FB34F8EC" box="[1138,1240,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="13">regularis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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complex in the subcontinent now split into seven species (
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<bibRefCitation id="C24B4B06EF07FFBAFD7DF82AFC71F831" author="Tandy" box="[668,925,1927,1952]" pageId="13" refString="Tandy, M. & Keith, R. (1972) Bufo of Africa. In: Evolution in the Genus Bufo. University of Texas Press, Austin, pp. 119 - 170." type="book chapter" year="1972">Tandy & Keith 1972</bibRefCitation>
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). Many of Hewitt’s comments in the
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<typeStatus id="79618855EF07FFBAFA8DF825FA70F831" box="[1388,1436,1928,1952]" pageId="13">type</typeStatus>
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description show that he was aware of the complexity of the situation, and he was prescient in predicting that the differences in vocalization between the two taxa noted by Ranger at Gleniffer would direct future taxonomic studies (p. 284 – “it is quite probable however that the call-note character may prove to have greater systematic value than the shape of the parotoids”).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="F2A5667FEF04FFB9FF76F980FE98F9F3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237282/files/figure.png" pageId="14" targetBox="[409,1175,276,1547]" targetPageId="14">
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<paragraph id="A66536F7EF04FFB9FF76F980FE98F9F3" blockId="14.[151,1436,1581,1634]" pageId="14">
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<emphasis id="94AEEAE5EF04FFB9FF76F980FEFAF9D2" bold="true" box="[151,278,1581,1603]" pageId="14">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="61DA4D74EF04FFB9FE91F980FE36F9D2" box="[368,474,1581,1603]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Bufonidae</taxonomicName>
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II: A—Lectotype of
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<taxonomicName id="61DA4D74EF04FFB9FD5CF980FC5CF9D2" box="[701,944,1581,1603]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="regularis" subSpecies="pardalis">
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<emphasis id="94AEEAE5EF04FFB9FD5CF980FC5CF9D2" box="[701,944,1581,1603]" italics="true" pageId="14">Bufo regularis pardalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(PEM A837), B—Lectotype of
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<taxonomicName id="61DA4D74EF04FFB9FAE6F980FF0FF9F3" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="regularis" subSpecies="rangeri">
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<emphasis id="94AEEAE5EF04FFB9FAE6F980FF0FF9F3" italics="true" pageId="14">Bufo regularis rangeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(PEM A822).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="A66536F7EF04FFB8FF26F923FB3DFE8C" blockId="14.[151,1437,1678,2027]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="15" pageId="14">
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Unfortunately, Hewitt’s poor documentation of
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<typeStatus id="79618855EF04FFB9FD03F922FCFEF936" box="[738,786,1679,1703]" pageId="14">type</typeStatus>
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material and the presence of large numbers of additional topotypic material (some included in the
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<typeStatus id="79618855EF04FFB9FD92F91EFD4FF95A" box="[627,675,1715,1739]" pageId="14">type</typeStatus>
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bottle) complicate resolution of the original
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<typeStatus id="79618855EF04FFB9FB4DF91EFB30F95A" box="[1196,1244,1715,1739]" pageId="14">type</typeStatus>
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material in both this, and the next species. The original
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<typeStatus id="79618855EF04FFB9FDB1F97AFD6CF97E" box="[592,640,1751,1775]" pageId="14">type</typeStatus>
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description notes “
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<typeStatus id="79618855EF04FFB9FCB8F97AFC4EF97E" box="[857,930,1751,1775]" pageId="14">Types</typeStatus>
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: an adult male and female ..., collected when spawning”. However, it can be inferred that Hewitt had additional material from Gleniffer based on his comments: “A sub-adult male...” and “In old females...” (p. 290). The
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<typeStatus id="79618855EF04FFB9FCCCF8B2FCB1F8A6" box="[813,861,1823,1847]" pageId="14">type</typeStatus>
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bottle on transfer to PEM included four specimens consisting of two AMG series (AMG 7248 and 7270). In the
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<typeStatus id="79618855EF04FFB9FC69F8EEFC54F8CA" box="[904,952,1859,1883]" pageId="14">type</typeStatus>
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description Hewitt clearly refers to two collecting events, one in August and one in November. We thus assign the lower number (AMG 7248) to the
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<typeStatus id="79618855EF04FFB9FA8DF8CAFA70F8EE" box="[1388,1436,1895,1919]" pageId="14">type</typeStatus>
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series. Measurements of the male and female are given (p. 283), and conform to two of the specimens in the AMG 7248 series. Thus we propose that PEM A837 (male) be designated as a
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<typeStatus id="79618855EF04FFB9FC32F803FBD6F856" box="[979,1082,1966,1991]" pageId="14" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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and PEM A838 (female) as an allolectotype. Other specimens in the series must be treated as additional material. Both the
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<typeStatus id="79618855EF04FFB9FB1EF87FFA8AF87A" box="[1279,1382,2002,2027]" pageId="14" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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and allolectotype have a medial incision with posterior and anterior horizontal incisions to reveal intestines. Hewitt provides the gape width of an adult male and refers to a sub-adult male received in November, but neither could be identified among the additional material.
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<bibRefCitation id="C24B4B06EF05FFB8FD85FF4DFCFFFF69" author="Poynton" box="[612,787,223,248]" pageId="15" refString="Poynton, J. C. (1964) Amphibia of southern Africa: a faunal study. Annals of the Natal Museum, 17, 1 - 334." type="journal article" year="1964">Poynton (1964)</bibRefCitation>
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elevated the taxon to a full species (
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<taxonomicName id="61DA4D74EF05FFB8FB48FF4DFAACFF69" box="[1193,1344,223,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pardalis">
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<emphasis id="94AEEAE5EF05FFB8FB48FF4DFAACFF69" box="[1193,1344,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="15">Bufo pardalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), whilst
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<bibRefCitation id="C24B4B06EF05FFB8FF76FEA8FE8DFE8C" box="[151,353,260,285]" pageId="15" refString="Frost, D. R., Grant, T., Faivovich, J., Bain, R. H., Haas, A., Haddad, C. F. B., de Sa, R. O., Channing, A., Wilkinson, M., Donnellan, S. C., Raxworthy, C. J., Campbell, J. A., Blotto, B. L., Moler, P. E., Drewes, R. C., Nussbaum, R. A., Lynch, J. D., Green, D. M. & Wheeler, W. C. (2006) The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 297, 1 - 370. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 (2006) 297 [0001: TATOL] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article">
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Frost
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<emphasis id="94AEEAE5EF05FFB8FF36FEA8FEFCFE8C" box="[215,272,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="15">et al.</emphasis>
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(2006)
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
placed this and other large African bufonids in the new genus
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<emphasis id="94AEEAE5EF05FFB8FBFEFEA9FB3DFE8C" box="[1055,1233,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="15">
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<taxonomicName id="61DA4D74EF05FFB8FBFEFEA9FB20FE8C" box="[1055,1228,260,285]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Amietophrynus</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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||
</document> |