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89 lines
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e101372" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2625-8498-73-717" ID-Pensoft-UUID="318B657A15AB5708B3C35FC1A82B4945" ID-ZooBank="8F3D5EDA2F184E5CA53E2F7741FF1339" ModsDocID="2625-8498-73-717" checkinTime="1695893367890" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Szyndlar, Zbigniew & Georgalis, Georgios L." docDate="2023" docId="7661B35E546316E92D68EB56D16ACEDB" docLanguage="en" docName="VertZool 73: 717-886" docOrigin="Vertebrate Zoology 73" docPubDate="2023-09-27" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e101372" docTitle="Epacrophis Hedges, Adalsteinsson & Branch 2009" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="318B657A15AB5708B3C35FC1A82B4945" lastPageNumber="717" masterDocId="318B657A15AB5708B3C35FC1A82B4945" masterDocTitle="An illustrated atlas of the vertebral morphology of extant non-caenophidian snakes, with special emphasis on the cloacal and caudal portions of the column" masterLastPageNumber="886" masterPageNumber="717" pageNumber="717" updateTime="1695893367890" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="11A5E0637C9A40778B2F88AD12D06972">An illustrated atlas of the vertebral morphology of extant non-caenophidian snakes, with special emphasis on the cloacal and caudal portions of the column</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1E011C3A0F6BF1771C6775DA627A5A88">Szyndlar, Zbigniew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="509B7CC099A3CF5F84CA047A12D82375">Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Slawkowska 17, 31 - 016 Krakow, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E7AF4C2F231E246942DF3F8583D472B6">Georgalis, Georgios L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DE21608F0B281E3B99C523E3D2DB7527">Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Slawkowska 17, 31 - 016 Krakow, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="131E0D53EA1249A83357D04C43CE1FF0" type="email">dimetrodon82@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="A29FDE94A9E95DC4FFA5D3BA86BB1A50">Vertebrate Zoology</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3AF7993B52A46E261EC4337DD63E1AB9">
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<mods:date id="E0184BE5EB0E175A9A619C50AFBBCFA3">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D7449427D7BE8C5DBF7DF0616A0B8D52">2023-09-27</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6142D3C33522B81FB1887DB779B7270E">73</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="1D70C0529A2174B2F509CBD302D58967" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2D256851A3B4CD5160FFE28B1810E21A" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
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<taxonomicName id="AE088AC53D3F8D1D1A1018024DB79BCE" ID-CoL="8GNDB" ID-ENA="34975" authority="Gray, 1825" authorityName="Hedges, Adalsteinsson & Branch" authorityYear="2009" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Typhlopoidea">Typhlopoidea Gray, 1825</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="5C98D7702757722F8505C136614E9BFB" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" type="general information">
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<paragraph id="ABE92FF0551765A0A59384963B1D679D" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">General information.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1BB684F09E89D789FDA730E375622020" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
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This superfamily represents the sister group to leptotyphlopids and comprises
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<taxonomicName id="849974DB177A497CE13425BEBBF7E71B" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Typhlopidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="3F96492B9C49BC0A1C7A1D9178D4C82A" class="Reptilia" family="Xenotyphlopidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Xenotyphlopidae</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="55D93DAF243E4904FB9B71BD86206B35" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gerrhopilidae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="56C6418910B68FB263DCBE5241D78DE2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0220" author="Vidal, N" journalOrPublisher="Biology Letters" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 4" refId="B645" refString="Vidal, N, Marin, J, Morini, M, Donnellan, S, Branch, WR, Thomas, R, Vences, M, Wynn, A, Cruaud, C, Hedges, BS, 2010. Blindsnake evolutionary tree reveals long history on Gondwana. Biology Letters 2010: 1 - 4, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0220" title="Blindsnake evolutionary tree reveals long history on Gondwana." url="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0220" volume="2010" year="2010">Vidal et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="44098F0D3F448A6FBC8E1B3193E8E910" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3829.1.1" author="Pyron, RA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 81" refId="B471" refString="Pyron, RA, Wallach, V, 2014. Systematics of the blindsnakes (Serpentes: Scolecophidia: Typhlopoidea) based on molecular and morphological evidence. Zootaxa 3829: 1 - 81, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3829.1.1" title="Systematics of the blindsnakes (Serpentes: Scolecophidia: Typhlopoidea) based on molecular and morphological evidence." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3829.1.1" volume="3829" year="2014">Pyron and Wallach 2014</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="E3D226FA85371B50EB2137EA1685B3AD" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.13373" author="Miralles, A" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1782 - 1793" refId="B387" refString="Miralles, A, Marin, J, Markus, D, Herrel, A, Hedges, BS, Vidal, N, 2018. Molecular evidence for the paraphyly of Scolecophidia and its evolutionary implications. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 31: 1782 - 1793, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.13373" title="Molecular evidence for the paraphyly of Scolecophidia and its evolutionary implications." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.13373" volume="31" year="2018">Miralles et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
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). They were once all lumped together in an expanded
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<taxonomicName id="9E0A18C09B5CD7CBEEEC43DA7CE3BB6B" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Typhlopidae</taxonomicName>
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, however, recent molecular but also anatomical evidence attests for the distinction in different families (e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="F5DCAA712ADD4ACE3B6D729DC1576411" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0220" author="Vidal, N" journalOrPublisher="Biology Letters" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 4" refId="B645" refString="Vidal, N, Marin, J, Morini, M, Donnellan, S, Branch, WR, Thomas, R, Vences, M, Wynn, A, Cruaud, C, Hedges, BS, 2010. Blindsnake evolutionary tree reveals long history on Gondwana. Biology Letters 2010: 1 - 4, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0220" title="Blindsnake evolutionary tree reveals long history on Gondwana." url="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0220" volume="2010" year="2010">Vidal et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="593508EA311DE3A152C5F45FCF63806E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.03.009" author="Kornilios, P" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="35 - 41" refId="B325" refString="Kornilios, P, Giokas, S, Lymberakis, P, Sindaco, R, 2013. Phylogenetic position, origin and biogeography of Palearctic and Socotran blind-snakes (Serpentes: Typhlopidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 68: 35 - 41, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.03.009" title="Phylogenetic position, origin and biogeography of Palearctic and Socotran blind-snakes (Serpentes: Typhlopidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.03.009" volume="68" year="2013">Kornilios et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="14270382AA0470C2755C325546A5A844" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3829.1.1" author="Pyron, RA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 81" refId="B471" refString="Pyron, RA, Wallach, V, 2014. Systematics of the blindsnakes (Serpentes: Scolecophidia: Typhlopoidea) based on molecular and morphological evidence. Zootaxa 3829: 1 - 81, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3829.1.1" title="Systematics of the blindsnakes (Serpentes: Scolecophidia: Typhlopoidea) based on molecular and morphological evidence." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3829.1.1" volume="3829" year="2014">Pyron and Wallach 2014</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="2D650222ED9C2037B9DBC2F529A9CEBB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.009" author="Zheng, Y" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="537 - 547" refId="B696" refString="Zheng, Y, Wiens, JJ, 2016. Combining phylogenomic and supermatrix approaches, and a time-calibrated phylogeny for squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes) based on 52 genes and 4162 species. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 94: 537 - 547, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.009" title="Combining phylogenomic and supermatrix approaches, and a time-calibrated phylogeny for squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes) based on 52 genes and 4162 species." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.009" volume="94" year="2016">Zheng and Wiens 2016</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="811A1B5F739DAD9286144621BC31F188" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12952" author="Chretien, J" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Anatomy" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="637 - 655" refId="B115" refString="Chretien, J, Wang-Claypool, CY, Glaw, F, Scherz, MD, 2019. The bizarre skull of Xenotyphlops sheds light on synapomorphies of Typhlopoidea. Journal of Anatomy 234: 637 - 655, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12952" title="The bizarre skull of Xenotyphlops sheds light on synapomorphies of Typhlopoidea." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12952" volume="234" year="2019">Chretien et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="359D4491B02D613928458A8C00A2E0BE" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24591" author="Lira, I" journalOrPublisher="Anatomical Record" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="2198 - 2214" refId="B351" refString="Lira, I, Martins, A, 2021. Digging into blindsnakes' morphology: Description of the skull, lower jaw, and cervical vertebrae of two Amerotyphlops (Hedges et al., 2014) (Serpentes, Typhlopidae) with comments on the typhlopoidean skull morphological diversity. Anatomical Record 304: 2198 - 2214, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24591" title="Digging into blindsnakes' morphology: Description of the skull, lower jaw, and cervical vertebrae of two Amerotyphlops (Hedges et al., 2014) (Serpentes, Typhlopidae) with comments on the typhlopoidean skull morphological diversity." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24591" volume="304" year="2021">Lira and Martins 2021</bibRefCitation>
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). Nevertheless, as with all scolecophidians, vertebral morphology of typhlopoids is relatively uniform.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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